Dual-oblique polarization antenna unit suitable for broadband high-power transmitting array
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of broadband array antennas, in particular to a dual-oblique polarization antenna unit suitable for a broadband high-power transmitting array.
Background
In a mobile communication system, a base station device generally employs dual-oblique polarized transceiving antennas to improve stability of a transceiving link, because a state change used by a terminal device may cause polarization uncertainty. In a scattering communication system, the reliability and confidentiality of communication can be improved by adopting polarization diversity. In the field of electronic countermeasure, the polarization characteristic of a target signal is unknown, the polarization characteristic of the unknown signal can be ascertained by dual-polarization detection, the flexible and variable interference polarization patterns can be realized by dual-polarization interference, and the interference effect is improved. In the radar for detecting the meteorological target, the dual-polarized radar system is adopted to judge the fine characteristics of the target more easily, so that the accuracy of weather forecast is improved. Therefore, the dual-polarized antenna has wide application prospect in the fields of frequency multiplexing, receiving and transmitting integration, rapid polarization change, diversity and the like. Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirements of higher and higher information transmission rates, it is urgent to design phased array antennas with larger operating bandwidths.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a dual diagonally polarized antenna unit suitable for use in a broadband high power transmit array. The unit has simple and compact structure, is easy to process and is suitable for large-scale module arrays.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A dual-oblique polarization antenna unit suitable for a broadband high-power transmitting array comprises a wide-angle matching layer, a metal parasitic layer, a radiation part, a feed part and a metal reflecting cavity which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
The radiating part mainly comprises two orthogonal dipoles, wherein each dipole comprises two opposite dipole arms, and the two dipole arms are of square ring structures;
The feeding part adopts a coaxial balun to feed, and the coaxial balun is used as a supporting structure of the radiation part and a quarter-wavelength impedance converter for adjusting the working bandwidth.
Further, extending branches vertically connected with the extending branches are arranged right below the outer side angles of the four dipole arms.
The feed part comprises four cylindrical supporting structures respectively connected with corresponding dipole arms, wherein the four cylindrical supporting structures are respectively connected under the inner corners of the dipole arms, through holes are respectively formed in the inner corners of the two dipole arms opposite to each other, the inner diameter of each through hole is identical to that of the cylindrical supporting structure, the central axis of each through hole coincides with the central axis of the cylindrical supporting structure under the through hole, coaxial feed lines are respectively arranged in one of the cylindrical supporting structures corresponding to the two dipoles, the top ends of the coaxial feed lines are connected with the other dipole arm of the same dipole through coaxial probes, and the coaxial probes corresponding to the two dipoles are not contacted;
The bottom end of the cylindrical supporting structure with the coaxial feeder inside penetrates through the bottom of the metal reflecting cavity.
Furthermore, the metal reflecting cavities are of polygonal structures and are symmetrically arranged under the radiating units respectively and used for changing boundary conditions between adjacent units after the array is assembled, so that the impedance matching characteristic of high frequency is improved.
Furthermore, the bottom surface of the metal reflecting cavity is an antenna metal bottom plate, the peripheral outline of the metal reflecting cavity is the same as that of the bottom plate, and 4 metal mounting holes are reserved.
Further, a space is arranged between the metal parasitic layer and the radiation part, and a space is arranged between the metal parasitic layer and the wide-angle matching layer.
Further, the four cylindrical supporting structures are of an integrated structure, and the four cylindrical supporting structures are separated by a cross groove with depth.
Further, the wide-angle matching layer is made of an FR4 dielectric substrate.
The beneficial effects generated by adopting the technical scheme are as follows:
According to the invention, the extension branches at the tail ends of the dipole arms are adjusted, so that the impedance matching characteristic of low frequency can be improved, and the working bandwidth of the low frequency is expanded. The boundary conditions of the array elements can be changed by adjusting the height and the wall thickness of the metal reflecting cavity, the mutual coupling among the array elements is optimized, the high-frequency resonance point is moved out of the working frequency band, and the impedance matching characteristic of high frequency is improved. In addition, the antenna radiator and the metal cavity can be integrally formed by adopting a metal milling process, so that the antenna radiator is easy to manufacture and suitable for forming a large-scale emission array.
The final design shows that the antenna unit has good broadband characteristic when used as a unit in an array, the standing wave ratio is smaller than 3 in 2 times of frequency and even wider bandwidth, the radiation performance is good, and the gain is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a partial structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cylindrical support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an in-array standing wave curve of an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is an in-array directivity diagram at 0.96GHz in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is an in-array directivity diagram at 1.5GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an in-array pattern at 2GHz according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is an array structure diagram of an antenna array according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a wide angle matching layer, 2, a metal parasitic layer, 3, a radiation part, 4, a feed part, 5, a metal reflection cavity, 31, a dipole arm, 32, a through hole, 33, a coaxial probe, 41, a coaxial feeder, 42, a cylindrical supporting structure, 43 and a cross groove.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it will be apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
A dual-oblique polarization antenna unit suitable for a broadband high-power transmitting array comprises a wide-angle matching layer, a metal parasitic layer, a radiation part, a feed part and a metal reflecting cavity which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
The radiating part mainly comprises two orthogonal dipoles, wherein each dipole comprises two opposite dipole arms, and the two dipole arms are of square ring structures;
The feed part comprises cylindrical supporting structures which are respectively connected with corresponding dipoles; the cylindrical support structures are provided with four cylindrical structures, and the four cylindrical support structures are respectively connected under the inner corners of the dipole arms, and through holes are respectively arranged at the inner corners of the two dipole arms opposite to each other of the same dipole;
Coaxial feeder lines are arranged in one of the cylindrical supporting structures corresponding to the two dipoles respectively, and the top ends of the coaxial feeder lines are connected with the other dipole arm of the same dipole through coaxial probes;
The bottom end of the cylindrical supporting structure with the coaxial feeder inside penetrates through the bottom of the metal reflecting cavity.
Further, extending branches vertically connected with the extending branches are arranged right below the outer side angles of the four dipole arms.
Furthermore, the feeding part adopts the coaxial balun to feed, and the coaxial balun is used as a supporting structure of the radiation part and a quarter-wavelength impedance converter for adjusting the working bandwidth.
Furthermore, the metal reflecting cavities are of polygonal structures and are symmetrically arranged under the radiating units respectively and used for changing boundary conditions between adjacent units after the array is assembled, so that the impedance matching characteristic of high frequency is improved.
Furthermore, the bottom surface of the metal reflecting cavity is an antenna metal bottom plate, the peripheral outline of the metal reflecting cavity is the same as that of the bottom plate, and 4 metal mounting holes are reserved.
Further, a space is arranged between the metal parasitic layer and the radiation part, and a space is arranged between the metal parasitic layer and the wide-angle matching layer.
Further, the wide-angle matching layer is made of an FR4 dielectric substrate.
The following is a more specific example:
the antenna comprises a radiation part, a feed part, a metal parasitic layer, a wide-angle matching layer, a metal reflecting cavity and other structures of the antenna unit, wherein the wide-angle matching layer, the metal parasitic layer, the radiation part, the feed part and the metal reflecting cavity are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
And the wide-angle matching layer is an FR4 dielectric substrate with copper attached to two sides and completely cleaned, and is used for improving active standing waves of the array antenna during large-angle scanning.
The metal parasitic layer is a square metal plate and is used for improving active standing waves when the array antenna is radiating normally.
The radiating part is composed of two dipoles which are arranged in a diamond-shaped crossed symmetrical mode, and each dipole arm is approximately in the shape of a square ring. The impedance matching is optimized by adjusting parameters such as the transverse dimension, thickness, hollowed-out size and the like of the dipole arms, the working bandwidth of the array antenna is expanded, and good radiation of electromagnetic waves is realized.
And the feeding part is coaxial balun feeding, and the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the coaxial feeder are respectively connected with two cylindrical supporting structures of the cross dipole and serve as supporting structures of the quarter-wavelength impedance converter for adjusting the working bandwidth and the antenna unit radiation part.
The metal reflecting cavity is in a regular polygon, surrounds the feed area, is symmetrically distributed below the radiating unit, and is provided with metal through holes at the peripheral edges for realizing the installation and fixation of the antenna array elements. By introducing the metal reflecting cavity, the boundary condition between adjacent units after the array is changed, so that the impedance matching characteristic of a high-frequency part in an operating frequency band is improved.
The ends of the dipole arms of the radiating portion are longitudinally added with extension stubs to improve the impedance matching characteristics of the low frequency portion within the operating band. The four cylindrical supporting structures are integrated, the four cylindrical supporting structures are separated by the cross groove with depth, the impedance transformation matching process can be optimized by adding the cross groove structure, and the matching characteristic in the working frequency band is improved.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the whole antenna unit includes a wide angle matching layer 1, a metal parasitic layer 2, an antenna unit radiating portion 3, a feeding portion 4, and a metal reflecting cavity 5. The working bandwidth of the antenna is 0.96GHz-2GHz, the size is 105mm multiplied by 90mm, and the array element spacing is 0.7lambda high. The wide-angle matching layer 1 is an FR4 dielectric substrate with the thickness of 2mm, the metal parasitic layer 2 is a metal flat plate with the thickness of 1mm, the antenna radiating unit part 3 is 46.3mm away from the bottom of the metal reflecting cavity, and the height of the metal reflecting cavity 5 is 37mm.
The invention has the following performance:
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a standing wave curve in an actual array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8, 6 and 7 are directional diagrams in an array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an array structure diagram of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present invention.
From fig. 5, it can be seen that the antenna has a good impedance matching characteristic with an active standing wave ratio of <2.5 in the frequency band of 0.96 ghz-2 ghz. From fig. 8, 6 and 7, it can be seen that the antenna has good radiation characteristics in the array in the operating frequency band, and is suitable for use as an array element of a large-scale array, and the large-scale cell array refers to fig. 9.
The above is just one embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications, changes, etc. may be made without departing from the principles and concepts of the invention.