CN115306571B - Gas engine nitrogen oxide emission control method and control system - Google Patents
Gas engine nitrogen oxide emission control method and control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115306571B CN115306571B CN202210790544.7A CN202210790544A CN115306571B CN 115306571 B CN115306571 B CN 115306571B CN 202210790544 A CN202210790544 A CN 202210790544A CN 115306571 B CN115306571 B CN 115306571B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
- F02D41/1461—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
- F02D41/1462—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine with determination means using an estimation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
- F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
- F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
- F02P5/15—Digital data processing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0418—Air humidity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，还公开了一种燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制系统，所述控制方法包括：获取燃气发动机的氮氧化物实际排放值；根据所述氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放量设定范围，控制调整燃气与空气的流量比；根据燃气与空气的流量比调整到预设比例范围的极限值，且所述氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放设定范围，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正；通过所述控制方法和控制系统，能够对燃气发动机的氮氧化物排放的稳定控制；还能够提升燃气发动机对环境温度和大气湿度的适应性，在满足发动机NOx排放的同时，保持发动机动力性和经济性。
The present invention discloses a method for controlling nitrogen oxide emission of a gas engine, and also discloses a control system for nitrogen oxide emission of a gas engine, the control method comprising: obtaining an actual nitrogen oxide emission value of the gas engine; controlling and adjusting the flow ratio of gas to air according to the actual nitrogen oxide emission value exceeding an emission setting range; controlling the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be corrected according to the flow ratio of gas to air being adjusted to a limit value of a preset ratio range, and the actual nitrogen oxide emission value exceeding an emission setting range; through the control method and control system, the nitrogen oxide emission of the gas engine can be stably controlled; the adaptability of the gas engine to ambient temperature and atmospheric humidity can also be improved, and the engine power and economy can be maintained while meeting the engine NOx emission.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及燃气发动机排放控制技术领域，具体地，涉及一种燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，还涉及一种燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制系统。The present invention relates to the technical field of gas engine emission control, and in particular to a method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine, and also to a control system for nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine.
背景技术Background technique
本部分提供的仅仅是与本公开相关的背景信息，其并不必然是现有技术。This section merely provides background information related to the present disclosure and is not necessarily prior art.
当前，发动机运行时一般采用氧传感器闭环控制的方法，但是，当进气温度降低时燃烧提前，氮氧化物随进气温度降低而增加，因此，无法通过氧传感器闭环控制的方法，实现氮氧化物排放的稳定控制。Currently, the oxygen sensor closed-loop control method is generally used when the engine is running. However, when the intake temperature decreases, combustion advances and nitrogen oxides increase as the intake temperature decreases. Therefore, it is impossible to achieve stable control of nitrogen oxide emissions through the oxygen sensor closed-loop control method.
再有，发动机氮氧化物的排放受进气湿度影响也较大，发动机氮氧化物的排放随大气湿度的增加而减小，反之，当大气湿度减小时，发动机氮氧化物的排放会增加。In addition, the engine nitrogen oxide emissions are also greatly affected by the intake humidity. The engine nitrogen oxide emissions decrease with the increase of atmospheric humidity. Conversely, when the atmospheric humidity decreases, the engine nitrogen oxide emissions will increase.
现有技术中的控制方式，即不能对燃气发动机的氮氧化物排放的稳定控制，也不能随大气的温度变化和湿度变化，控制燃气发动机的氮氧化物排放，因此，现有的发动机的氮氧化物排放控制方法有待改善。The control method in the prior art cannot stably control the nitrogen oxide emissions of the gas engine, nor can it control the nitrogen oxide emissions of the gas engine with changes in atmospheric temperature and humidity. Therefore, the existing engine nitrogen oxide emission control method needs to be improved.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是至少解决了如何对燃气发动机的氮氧化物排放的稳定控制的技术问题。该目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of the present invention is to at least solve the technical problem of how to stably control the nitrogen oxide emission of a gas engine. This purpose is achieved by the following technical solutions:
本发明的第一方面提供了一种燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，所述控制方法包括：获取燃气发动机的氮氧化物实际排放值；根据所述氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放量设定范围，控制调整燃气与空气的流量比；根据燃气与空气的流量比调整到预设比例范围的极限值，且所述氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放设定范围，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正。A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine, the control method comprising: obtaining an actual nitrogen oxide emission value of the gas engine; controlling and adjusting the flow ratio of gas to air according to the actual nitrogen oxide emission value exceeding an emission setting range; and controlling the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be corrected according to the flow ratio of gas to air being adjusted to a limit value of a preset ratio range and the actual nitrogen oxide emission value exceeding an emission setting range.
本发明的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，基于氮氧化物实际排放值，调整燃气与空气的流量比，进而控制燃气发动机的空燃比；当通过调节燃气发动机的空燃比后，氮氧化物实际排放值仍然超出排放设定范围，对燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，最终实现氮氧化物排放的稳定控制，因此，本发明的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，能通过控制控制比和控制修正点火提前角，达到氮氧化物排放的稳定控制的目的，还能在满足发动机氮氧化物排放的同时，保持发动机动力性和经济性。The method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine of the present invention adjusts the flow ratio of gas to air based on the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides, thereby controlling the air-fuel ratio of the gas engine; when the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides still exceeds the emission setting range after adjusting the air-fuel ratio of the gas engine, the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is corrected, and finally stable control of nitrogen oxide emissions is achieved. Therefore, the method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine of the present invention can achieve the purpose of stable control of nitrogen oxide emissions by controlling the control ratio and controlling the corrected ignition advance angle, and can also maintain the engine power and economy while meeting the engine nitrogen oxide emissions.
另外，根据本发明实施例的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，还可具有如下附加的技术特征：In addition, the method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine according to an embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:
在本发明的一些实施方式中，所述根据燃气与空气的流量比调整到预设比例范围的极限值，且所述氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放设定范围，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，包括：所述根据燃气与空气的流量比调整到预设比例范围的下限极限值，且所述氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放设定范围，控制减小所述燃气发动机的点火提前角；所述根据燃气与空气的流量比调整到预设比例范围的上限极限值，且所述氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放设定范围，控制增大所述燃气发动机的点火提前角。In some embodiments of the present invention, the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is controlled to be corrected according to the flow ratio of gas to air being adjusted to the limit value of a preset ratio range and the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides exceeding the emission setting range, including: the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is controlled to be reduced according to the flow ratio of gas to air being adjusted to the lower limit value of the preset ratio range and the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides exceeding the emission setting range; the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is controlled to be increased according to the flow ratio of gas to air being adjusted to the upper limit value of the preset ratio range and the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides exceeding the emission setting range.
在本发明的一些实施方式中，根据所述氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放量设定范围，控制调整燃气与空气的流量比，包括：根据所述氮氧化物实际排放值大于排放量设定范围的上限，减小所述燃气发动机的燃气流量；根据所述氮氧化物实际排放值小于排放量设定范围的下限，增大所述燃气发动机的燃气流量。In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the actual nitrogen oxide emission value exceeding the emission setting range, the flow ratio of gas to air is controlled and adjusted, including: based on the actual nitrogen oxide emission value being greater than the upper limit of the emission setting range, reducing the gas flow of the gas engine; based on the actual nitrogen oxide emission value being less than the lower limit of the emission setting range, increasing the gas flow of the gas engine.
在本发明的一些实施方式中，所述控制方法还包括：获取燃气发动机的进气温度值；根据所述实时进气温度值与预设进气温度值的比较，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正。In some embodiments of the present invention, the control method further includes: obtaining an intake temperature value of the gas engine; and controlling the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to correct the ignition advance angle according to a comparison between the real-time intake temperature value and a preset intake temperature value.
在本发明的一些实施方式中，所述根据所述实时进气温度值与预设进气温度值相比较，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，包括：根据所述实时进气温度值高于预设进气温度值，控制增大所述燃气发动机的点火提前角；根据所述实时进气温度值低于预设进气温度值，控制减小所述燃气发动机的点火提前角。In some embodiments of the present invention, the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is controlled to be corrected based on the comparison between the real-time intake temperature value and the preset intake temperature value, including: based on the real-time intake temperature value being higher than the preset intake temperature value, the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is controlled to be increased; based on the real-time intake temperature value being lower than the preset intake temperature value, the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is controlled to be reduced.
在本发明的一些实施方式中，所述控制方法包括：获取燃气发动机的进气湿度值；根据所述进气湿度值与预设进气湿度值的比较，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正。In some embodiments of the present invention, the control method includes: obtaining an intake air humidity value of a gas engine; and controlling an ignition advance angle of the gas engine for correction based on a comparison between the intake air humidity value and a preset intake air humidity value.
在本发明的一些实施方式中，所述根据所述进气湿度值与预设进气湿度值相比较，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，包括：所述进气湿度值高于预设进气湿度值，控制增大所述燃气发动机的点火提前角；所述进气湿度值低于预设进气湿度值，控制减小所述燃气发动机的点火提前角。In some embodiments of the present invention, the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is controlled to be corrected based on the comparison between the intake humidity value and the preset intake humidity value, including: when the intake humidity value is higher than the preset intake humidity value, the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is controlled to be increased; when the intake humidity value is lower than the preset intake humidity value, the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is controlled to be reduced.
本发明的第二方面提供了一种燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制系统，所述控制系统包括：氮氧化物传感器，设置于所述燃气发动机的排气管路中，用于获取所述燃气发动机的氮氧化物的实际排放信息，并将所述实际排放信息发送给控制单元；温湿度传感器，设置于所述燃气发动机的进气管路中，用于获取所述燃气发动机的实时进气温度信息和实时进气湿度信息，并将实时进气温度信息和实时进气湿度信息发给所述控制单元；控制单元，所述控制单元用于接收所述实际排放信息、实时进气温度信息和实时进气湿度信息，并根据所述实际排放信息、实时进气温度信息和实时进气湿度信息获取氮氧化物的实际排放值、进气实时温度值和实时进气湿度值，根据所述氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放量设定范围，控制调整燃气与空气的流量比，根据燃气与空气的流量比调整到预设比例范围的极限值，且所述氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放设定范围，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正。A second aspect of the present invention provides a control system for nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine, the control system comprising: a nitrogen oxide sensor, arranged in an exhaust pipe of the gas engine, for obtaining actual emission information of nitrogen oxides from the gas engine, and sending the actual emission information to a control unit; a temperature and humidity sensor, arranged in an intake pipe of the gas engine, for obtaining real-time intake temperature information and real-time intake humidity information of the gas engine, and sending the real-time intake temperature information and real-time intake humidity information to the control unit; a control unit, the control unit being used to receive the actual emission information, real-time intake temperature information and real-time intake humidity information, and obtain an actual emission value of nitrogen oxides, a real-time intake temperature value and a real-time intake humidity value according to the actual emission information, real-time intake temperature information and real-time intake humidity information, and according to the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides exceeding a set range of emission, controlling and adjusting the flow ratio of gas to air, adjusting the flow ratio of gas to air to a limit value of a preset ratio range, and controlling the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be corrected according to the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides exceeding a set range of emission.
在本发明的一些实施方式中，所述控制单元根据所述实时进气温度值与预设进气温度值的比较，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，直到将所述点火提前角调整到与所述实时进气温度值匹配的大小。In some embodiments of the present invention, the control unit controls the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be corrected based on the comparison between the real-time intake temperature value and the preset intake temperature value until the ignition advance angle is adjusted to a size that matches the real-time intake temperature value.
在本发明的一些实施方式中，所述控制单元根据所述实时进气湿度值与预设进气湿度值的比较，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，直到将所述点火提前角调整到与所述实时进气湿度值匹配的大小。In some embodiments of the present invention, the control unit controls the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be corrected based on the comparison between the real-time intake humidity value and the preset intake humidity value until the ignition advance angle is adjusted to a size that matches the real-time intake humidity value.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Also, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:
图1为本发明一个实施例的基于NOx传感器的NOx闭环控制原理图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a NOx closed-loop control system based on a NOx sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明一个实施例的控制系统的布置图；FIG2 is a layout diagram of a control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明一个实施例的基于进气温度修正点火提前角MAP；FIG3 is a diagram showing a correction of the ignition advance angle MAP based on the intake air temperature according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明一个实施例的基于进气湿度修正点火提前角MAP。FIG. 4 shows a method for correcting the ignition advance angle MAP based on intake air humidity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
其中，附图标记如下：The reference numerals are as follows:
1 燃气阀；1 Gas valve;
2 温湿度传感器；2. Temperature and humidity sensor;
3 混合器；3. Mixer;
4 增压器压气机；4 Supercharger compressor;
5 增压器涡轮机；5 Supercharger turbine;
6 氮氧化物传感器；6 NOx sensor;
7 节气门前进气压力温度传感器；7. Intake pressure and temperature sensor before throttle valve;
8 节气门；8 throttle;
9 节气门后压力温度传感器。9 Post-throttle pressure temperature sensor.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施方式。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施方式，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反，提供这些实施方式是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.
应理解的是，文中使用的术语仅出于描述特定示例实施方式的目的，而无意于进行限制。除非上下文另外明确地指出，否则如文中使用的单数形式“一”、“一个”以及“所述”也可以表示包括复数形式。术语“包括”、“包含”以及“具有”是包含性的，并且因此指明所陈述的特征、元件和/或部件的存在，但并不排除存在或者添加一个或多个其它特征、元件、部件、和/或它们的组合。It should be understood that the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific example embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an", and "said" as used herein may also be meant to include plural forms. The terms "comprise", "include", and "have" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, elements, and/or parts, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, parts, and/or combinations thereof.
尽管可以在文中使用术语第一、第二等来描述多个元件、部件、区域、层和/或部段，但是，这些元件、部件、区域、层和/或比段不应被这些术语所限制。这些术语可以仅用来将一个元件、部件、区域、层或部段与另一区域、层或部段区分开。除非上下文明确地指出，否则诸如“第一”、“第二”和“第三”之类的术语以及其它数字术语在文中使用时并不暗示顺序或者次序。另外，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体式连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。Although the terms first, second, etc. may be used in the text to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may only be used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as "first", "second" and "third" and other numerical terms do not imply order or sequence when used in the text. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
为了便于描述，可以在文中使用空间相对关系术语来描述如图中示出的一个元件或者特征相对于另一元件或者特征的关系，这些相对关系术语例如为“上”、“内”、“靠近”等。这种空间相对关系术语意于包括除图中描绘的方位之外的在使用或者操作中装置的不同方位。例如，如果在图中的装置翻转，那么描述为“在其它元件或者特征下面”或者“在其它元件或者特征下方”的元件将随后定向为“在其它元件或者特征上面”或者“在其它元件或者特征上方”。因此，示例术语“在……下方”可以包括在上和在下的方位。装置可以另外定向（旋转90度或者在其它方向）并且文中使用的空间相对关系描述符相应的进行解释。For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature as shown in the figure, such as "on", "in", "near", etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure is turned over, the element described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" will then be oriented to "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features". Therefore, the example term "below..." may include orientations on and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions) and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text are interpreted accordingly.
在本发明的一些实施例中，本发明提供了燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，所述控制方法包括：获取燃气发动机的氮氧化物实际排放值；根据氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放量设定范围，控制调整燃气与空气的流量比；根据燃气与空气的流量比调整到预设比例范围的极限值，且氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放设定范围，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正。In some embodiments of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine, the control method comprising: obtaining an actual nitrogen oxide emission value of the gas engine; controlling and adjusting the flow ratio of gas to air based on the actual nitrogen oxide emission value exceeding an emission setting range; controlling the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be corrected based on the gas to air flow ratio being adjusted to a limit value of a preset ratio range and the actual nitrogen oxide emission value exceeding the emission setting range.
在本发明的一实施例中，通过NOx传感器检测出的实际NOx排放测量值，发动机ECU根据实际NOx排放测量值与NOx排放预设值或排放预设范围进行比较，通过PID控制器实现NOx闭环控制调节，根据闭环修正系数，并通过调整燃气发动机的燃气与空气的流量比，控制氮氧化物实际排放值，直到将其调整到与NOx排放设定值或预设范围相一致。In one embodiment of the present invention, the engine ECU compares the actual NOx emission measurement value detected by the NOx sensor with the NOx emission preset value or the emission preset range, implements NOx closed-loop control adjustment through the PID controller, and controls the actual nitrogen oxide emission value according to the closed-loop correction coefficient and by adjusting the gas-to-air flow ratio of the gas engine until it is adjusted to be consistent with the NOx emission set value or the preset range.
在本发明的另一实施例中，氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放量设定范围，通过调整燃气发动机的燃气与空气的流量比，具体通过如下方式调节：根据氮氧化物实际排放值大于排放量设定范围的上限，减小所述燃气发动机的燃气流量；根据氮氧化物实际排放值小于排放量设定范围的下限，增大燃气发动机的燃气流量。In another embodiment of the present invention, the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides exceeds the set range of the emission amount, and the flow rate ratio of the gas to air of the gas engine is adjusted, specifically in the following manner: according to the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides being greater than the upper limit of the set range of the emission amount, the gas flow rate of the gas engine is reduced; according to the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides being less than the lower limit of the set range of the emission amount, the gas flow rate of the gas engine is increased.
如图1所示，本发明提供的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，其工作过程如下：As shown in FIG1 , the method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine provided by the present invention has the following working process:
通过NOx传感器获取燃气发动机的实际NOx测量值；Obtain actual NOx measurement values of gas engines through NOx sensors;
根据发动机ECU基于实际NOx测量值与NOx设定值，通过PID控制器实现对NOx排放进行闭环控制调节；According to the engine ECU based on the actual NOx measurement value and NOx set value, the PID controller is used to achieve closed-loop control and adjustment of NOx emissions;
当实际NOx测量值大于NOx设定值时，减小燃气发动机的燃气流量以增大空燃比，具体地，根据目标燃气流量，进一步调整燃气阀开度，从而根据目标燃气流量转化为燃气阀开度的调节，最终将实际NOx测量值调整到与NOx设定值相一致。When the actual NOx measurement value is greater than the NOx set value, the gas flow of the gas engine is reduced to increase the air-fuel ratio. Specifically, according to the target gas flow, the gas valve opening is further adjusted, so as to convert the target gas flow into the adjustment of the gas valve opening, and finally the actual NOx measurement value is adjusted to be consistent with the NOx set value.
当闭环修正系数小于预设范围的下限值时，即燃气发动机的氮氧化物实际排放值小于排放量设定范围的下限，且氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放量设定范围时，推迟燃气发动机的点火提前角，从而降低气缸内爆发压力以减少NOx生成。When the closed-loop correction coefficient is less than the lower limit of the preset range, that is, the actual nitrogen oxide emission value of the gas engine is less than the lower limit of the emission setting range, and the actual nitrogen oxide emission value exceeds the emission setting range, the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is delayed, thereby reducing the explosion pressure in the cylinder to reduce NOx generation.
当NOx实际测量值小于NOx设定值时，增大燃气发动机的燃气流量以减小空燃比；当闭环修正系数大于预设的上限值时，并且实际NOx测量值超出NOx排放预设比例范围的上限极限值，依然未达到NOx设定值时，增大燃气发动机的燃气流量以增大空燃比，具体地，根据目标燃气流量，进一步调整燃气阀开度，从而根据目标燃气流量转化为燃气阀开度的调节，最终将实际NOx测量值调整到与NOx设定值相一致。When the actual measured value of NOx is less than the set value of NOx, the gas flow rate of the gas engine is increased to reduce the air-fuel ratio; when the closed-loop correction coefficient is greater than the preset upper limit value, and the actual NOx measured value exceeds the upper limit value of the preset ratio range of NOx emissions, but still does not reach the set value of NOx, the gas flow rate of the gas engine is increased to increase the air-fuel ratio. Specifically, according to the target gas flow rate, the gas valve opening is further adjusted, thereby converting the target gas flow rate into the adjustment of the gas valve opening, and finally adjusting the actual NOx measured value to be consistent with the set value of NOx.
当闭环修正系数大于预设范围的上限值时，即燃气发动机的氮氧化物实际排放值大于排放量设定范围的上限，且氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放量设定范围时，增大燃气发动机的点火提前角，从而升高缸内爆发压力，以提升燃气发动机的动力性和经济性。When the closed-loop correction coefficient is greater than the upper limit of the preset range, that is, the actual nitrogen oxide emission value of the gas engine is greater than the upper limit of the emission setting range, and the actual nitrogen oxide emission value exceeds the emission setting range, the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is increased, thereby increasing the explosion pressure in the cylinder to improve the power and economy of the gas engine.
本发明提供的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，通过修正NOx闭环修正系数，即调整燃气发动机的燃气流量的空气的流量比，最终实现NOx实际排放值与NOx设定值基本一致；并控制燃气发动机的点火提前角，实现NOx排放稳定控制的同时，保持较高的动力性和经济性。The method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine provided by the present invention corrects the NOx closed-loop correction coefficient, that is, adjusts the flow rate ratio of the gas flow rate to the air of the gas engine, and ultimately achieves that the actual NOx emission value is basically consistent with the NOx set value; and controls the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to achieve stable control of NOx emissions while maintaining high power and economy.
本发明提供的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，由于采用氮氧化物传感器实时进行闭环控制，大大提高了氮氧化物控制的响应性和稳定性。The method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions of a gas engine provided by the present invention uses a nitrogen oxide sensor to perform closed-loop control in real time, thereby greatly improving the responsiveness and stability of nitrogen oxide control.
本发明提供的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法还能够基于发动机进气温度和湿度的前馈控制，当进气温湿度变化时，根据变化大小进行控制，以补偿变化带来的不稳定，使整个氮氧化物排放控制更加的稳定。The gas engine nitrogen oxide emission control method provided by the present invention can also be based on feedforward control of the engine intake temperature and humidity. When the intake temperature and humidity change, control is performed according to the magnitude of the change to compensate for the instability caused by the change, making the entire nitrogen oxide emission control more stable.
在本发明一些实施例中，如图3，示意了基于进气温度修正点火提前角MAP，本发明的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，基于进气温度修正点火提前角的前馈控制：获取燃气发动机的实时进气温度值；根据所述实时进气温度值与预设进气温度值相比较，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，具体地，根据所述实时进气温度值高于预设进气温度值，控制增大所述燃气发动机的点火提前角，根据所述实时进气温度值低于预设进气温度值，控制减小所述燃气发动机的点火提前角。In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3 , the ignition advance angle MAP is corrected based on the intake temperature. The control method of nitrogen oxide emission of a gas engine of the present invention is based on the feedforward control of the ignition advance angle corrected by the intake temperature: obtaining a real-time intake temperature value of the gas engine; controlling the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be corrected according to the comparison between the real-time intake temperature value and the preset intake temperature value. Specifically, according to the real-time intake temperature value being higher than the preset intake temperature value, the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is controlled to be increased; according to the real-time intake temperature value being lower than the preset intake temperature value, the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is controlled to be reduced.
在本发明的一些实施例中，如图3，在燃气发动机中，可以预设进气温度值为25℃，当获取的实时进气温度值低于预设进气温度值25℃时，根据实时的进气温度减小点火提前角，以减小气缸内爆发压力，从而减小NOx的生成；当实时进气温度值高于预设进气温度值25℃时，增大点火提前角，使燃烧提前，提高发动机的动力性和经济性。In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG3 , in a gas engine, the intake temperature value can be preset to 25°C. When the real-time intake temperature value obtained is lower than the preset intake temperature value of 25°C, the ignition advance angle is reduced according to the real-time intake temperature to reduce the explosion pressure in the cylinder, thereby reducing the generation of NOx; when the real-time intake temperature value is higher than the preset intake temperature value of 25°C, the ignition advance angle is increased to advance the combustion and improve the power and economy of the engine.
需要说明的是，本发明提供的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，可以适用于不同的机型，根据不同的机型设定不同的进气温度，通过实时进气温度与预设进气温度值进行比较，进而调整燃气发动机的点火提前角，实现控制NOx的稳定排放，并且还能够提高发动机的动力性和经济性。It should be noted that the method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine provided by the present invention can be applicable to different engine models. Different intake temperatures can be set according to different engine models. The real-time intake temperature is compared with the preset intake temperature value, and the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is adjusted to achieve stable emission control of NOx, and can also improve the power and economy of the engine.
本发明提供的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，还可以在燃气发动机的同一机型中，根据使用条件的要求，设定不同的进气温度，进而将实时进气温度值与预设进气温度值相比较，进而调整燃气发动机的点火提前角，实现控制NOx的稳定排放，并且还能够提高同一机型在不同使用条件下的动力性和经济性。The method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine provided by the present invention can also set different intake temperatures in the same model of the gas engine according to the requirements of the use conditions, and then compare the real-time intake temperature value with the preset intake temperature value, and then adjust the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to achieve stable control of NOx emissions, and can also improve the power and economy of the same model under different use conditions.
在本发明一些实施例中，如图3，燃气发动机的进气温度值为-35℃，-25℃，-15℃，-5℃，5℃，15℃，25℃，35℃，45℃，55℃，65℃时，在不同的负荷率下的点火提前角；根据燃气发动机不同的使用环境，预设燃气发动机的进气温度值；然后将获取的实时进气温度值与预设进气温度值相比较，并根据负荷率的不同，对燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，最终使其达到与实施进气温度值相匹配的点火提前角的大小。In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG3 , when the intake temperature value of the gas engine is -35°C, -25°C, -15°C, -5°C, 5°C, 15°C, 25°C, 35°C, 45°C, 55°C, and 65°C, the ignition advance angle at different load rates is obtained; the intake temperature value of the gas engine is preset according to different use environments of the gas engine; then the acquired real-time intake temperature value is compared with the preset intake temperature value, and the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is corrected according to different load rates, so as to finally achieve the size of the ignition advance angle that matches the implemented intake temperature value.
在本发明一些实施例中，如图4，示意了基于进气湿度修正点火提前角MAP，本发明的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，基于进气湿度修正点火提前角的前馈控制：获取燃气发动机的进气湿度值；根据所述进气湿度值与预设进气湿度值相比较，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，具体地，控制方法进一步包括：所述进气湿度值高于预设进气湿度值，控制增大所述燃气发动机的点火提前角；所述进气湿度值低于预设进气湿度值，控制减小所述燃气发动机的点火提前角。In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4 , the ignition advance angle MAP is corrected based on the intake humidity. The control method of the gas engine nitrogen oxide emission of the present invention is based on the feedforward control of the ignition advance angle corrected by the intake humidity: obtaining the intake humidity value of the gas engine; controlling the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be corrected according to the comparison between the intake humidity value and the preset intake humidity value. Specifically, the control method further includes: when the intake humidity value is higher than the preset intake humidity value, controlling to increase the ignition advance angle of the gas engine; when the intake humidity value is lower than the preset intake humidity value, controlling to reduce the ignition advance angle of the gas engine.
在本发明一些实施例中，如图4，当实时进气湿度值低于预设进气湿度值50%时，根据实时进气湿度减小点火提前角，以减小发动机爆发压力，从而减少NOx的生成，当实时进气湿度高于预设进气湿度值50%时，增大点火提前角，使燃烧提前，提高发动机的动力性和经济性。In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4 , when the real-time intake humidity value is lower than the preset intake humidity value by 50%, the ignition advance angle is reduced according to the real-time intake humidity to reduce the engine explosion pressure, thereby reducing the generation of NOx; when the real-time intake humidity is higher than the preset intake humidity value by 50%, the ignition advance angle is increased to advance the combustion and improve the power and economy of the engine.
需要说明的是，本发明提供的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，能够适用于不同的机型，根据不同的机型设定不同的进气湿度，通过实时进气温度与预设进气湿度值进行比较，进而调整燃气发动机的点火提前角，实现控制NOx的稳定排放，并且还能够提高发动机的动力性和经济性。It should be noted that the method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine provided by the present invention can be applicable to different engine models. Different intake air humidity can be set according to different engine models. The real-time intake air temperature is compared with the preset intake air humidity value, and then the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is adjusted to achieve stable emission control of NOx, and can also improve the power and economy of the engine.
本发明提供的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，还可以在燃气发动机的同一机型中，根据使用条件的要求，设定不同的进气湿度，进而将实时进气温度值与预设进气温度值相比较，进而调整燃气发动机的点火提前角，实现控制NOx的稳定排放，并且还能够提高同一机型在不同使用条件下的动力性和经济性。The method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine provided by the present invention can also set different intake air humidity in the same model of the gas engine according to the requirements of the use conditions, and then compare the real-time intake air temperature value with the preset intake air temperature value, and then adjust the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to achieve stable control of NOx emissions, and can also improve the power and economy of the same model under different use conditions.
在本发明一些实施例中，如图3，燃气发动机的进气湿度值，在不同的负荷率下，对应不同的点火提前角；可以在燃气发动机中预设任意进气湿度值，并根据在进气湿度值0%，10%，20%，30%，40%，50%，60%，70%，80%，90%，100%中对应的目标点火提前角，对当前实时进气湿度值的点火提前角进行修正；并根据负荷率的不同，对燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，最终使其达到与实施进气温度值相匹配的点火提前角的大小。In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG3 , the intake humidity value of the gas engine corresponds to different ignition advance angles at different load rates; any intake humidity value can be preset in the gas engine, and the ignition advance angle of the current real-time intake humidity value is corrected according to the target ignition advance angle corresponding to the intake humidity values of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%; and the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is corrected according to different load rates, so as to finally reach the size of the ignition advance angle that matches the implemented intake temperature value.
在本发明一些实施例中，本发明的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，所述氮氧化物实际排放值大于所述设定值时，减小所述燃气发动机的燃气流量；所述氮氧化物实际排放值小于所述设定值时，增大所述燃气发动机的燃气流量。In some embodiments of the present invention, in the method for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine of the present invention, when the actual nitrogen oxide emission value is greater than the set value, the gas flow rate of the gas engine is reduced; when the actual nitrogen oxide emission value is less than the set value, the gas flow rate of the gas engine is increased.
本发明的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制方法，基于实时氮氧化物传感器信号的氮氧化物闭环控制方法,根据氮氧化物测量值与设定值得偏差，进行PID闭环控制调节，调节燃气流量、实现空燃比的调整，当闭环修正系数超限时，进行点火提前角的修正；基于进气温度和湿度的的点火提前角前馈控制。The control method of nitrogen oxide emission of a gas engine of the present invention is a nitrogen oxide closed-loop control method based on a real-time nitrogen oxide sensor signal. According to the deviation between the nitrogen oxide measurement value and the set value, PID closed-loop control adjustment is performed to adjust the gas flow rate and realize the adjustment of the air-fuel ratio. When the closed-loop correction coefficient exceeds the limit, the ignition advance angle is corrected; the ignition advance angle feedforward control is based on the intake air temperature and humidity.
本发明还提供了一种燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制系统，如图2所示，本发明的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制系统包括，主要包括ECU、增压器、温湿度传感器2、燃气阀1、电子节气门，其中温湿度传感器安装在进气管路中，在排气尾管安装氮氧化物传感器6。The present invention also provides a control system for nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine. As shown in FIG2 , the control system for nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine of the present invention includes, mainly, an ECU, a supercharger, a temperature and humidity sensor 2, a gas valve 1, and an electronic throttle, wherein the temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the intake pipe, and a nitrogen oxide sensor 6 is installed in the exhaust tail pipe.
在控制系统中还设置有：混合器3，增压器压气机4，增压器涡轮机5，节气门前进气压力温度传感器7，节气门8， 和节气门后压力温度传感器9。The control system is further provided with: a mixer 3 , a supercharger compressor 4 , a supercharger turbine 5 , a throttle valve pre-intake pressure temperature sensor 7 , a throttle valve 8 , and a throttle valve post-intake pressure temperature sensor 9 .
燃气发动机的排气管路中设置氮氧化物传感器，氮氧化物传感器可以根据采集排气管路中的实时氮氧化物排放值，在燃气发动机的空滤后的进气管路上设置温湿度传感器采集实时进气温湿度。A nitrogen oxide sensor is set in the exhaust pipe of the gas engine. The nitrogen oxide sensor can collect the real-time nitrogen oxide emission value in the exhaust pipe. A temperature and humidity sensor is set on the intake pipe after the air filter of the gas engine to collect the real-time intake temperature and humidity.
在本发明的一些实施例中，燃气发动机的排气管路中设置氮氧化物传感器，用于获取燃气发动机的氮氧化物的实际排放信息，并将所述实际排放信息发送给控制单元，基于氮氧化物的实际排放信息进行PID闭环控制调节，控制单元根据获取的时氮氧化物排放值并通过PID闭环控制调节，具体地，根据氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放量设定范围，控制调整燃气与空气的流量比，根据燃气与空气的流量比调整到预设比例范围的极限值，且所述氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放设定范围，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，实现控制燃气发动机的氮氧化物排放值与预设值相一致。In some embodiments of the present invention, a nitrogen oxide sensor is provided in an exhaust pipe of a gas engine, for obtaining actual emission information of nitrogen oxides of the gas engine, and sending the actual emission information to a control unit, and performing PID closed-loop control adjustment based on the actual emission information of nitrogen oxides. The control unit adjusts the nitrogen oxide emission value acquired at the time through PID closed-loop control. Specifically, according to the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides exceeding the set range of the emission, the flow ratio of gas to air is controlled and adjusted, and the flow ratio of gas to air is adjusted to the limit value of the preset ratio range, and the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides exceeds the emission setting range, and the ignition advance angle of the gas engine is controlled to be corrected, so as to achieve the control of the nitrogen oxide emission value of the gas engine to be consistent with the preset value.
在本发明的一些实施例中，本发明的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制系统还包括温湿度传感器，设置于燃气发动机的进气管路中，用于获取所述燃气发动机的实时进气温度信息和实时进气湿度信息，并将实时进气温度信息和实时进气湿度信息发给控制单元；控制单元接收实时进气温度信息和实时进气湿度信息，并根据实时进气温度信息和实时进气湿度信息获取进气实时温度值和实时进气湿度值，根据氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放量设定范围，控制调整燃气与空气的流量比，根据燃气与空气的流量比调整到预设比例范围的极限值，且氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放设定范围，控制所述燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正。In some embodiments of the present invention, the control system for nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine of the present invention further includes a temperature and humidity sensor, which is disposed in an intake pipe of the gas engine and is used to obtain real-time intake temperature information and real-time intake humidity information of the gas engine, and send the real-time intake temperature information and real-time intake humidity information to a control unit; the control unit receives the real-time intake temperature information and the real-time intake humidity information, and obtains the real-time intake temperature value and the real-time intake humidity value according to the real-time intake temperature information and the real-time intake humidity information, and controls and adjusts the flow ratio of gas to air according to the fact that the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides exceeds the set range of the emission amount, and adjusts the flow ratio of gas to air to the limit value of the preset ratio range according to the flow ratio of gas to air, and the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides exceeds the emission setting range, and controls the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be corrected.
在本发明的一些实施例中，控制单元根据实时进气温度值，控制燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，直到将点火提前角调整到与实时进气温度值匹配的大小。In some embodiments of the present invention, the control unit controls the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be corrected according to the real-time intake air temperature value, until the ignition advance angle is adjusted to a size that matches the real-time intake air temperature value.
在本发明的一些实施例中，控制单元根据实时进气湿度值，控制燃气发动机的点火提前角进行修正，直到将点火提前角调整到与实时进气湿度值匹配的大小。In some embodiments of the present invention, the control unit controls the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be corrected according to the real-time intake air humidity value, until the ignition advance angle is adjusted to a size that matches the real-time intake air humidity value.
本发明的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制系统，能够根据燃气与空气的流量比调整到预设比例范围的下限极限值，且氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放设定范围，控制减小燃气发动机的点火提前角；根据燃气与空气的流量比调整到预设比例范围的上限极限值，且氮氧化物实际排放值超出排放设定范围，控制增大所述燃气发动机的点火提前角。The control system for nitrogen oxide emissions from a gas engine of the present invention can control the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be reduced according to the flow ratio of gas to air being adjusted to the lower limit value of a preset ratio range, and the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides exceeds the emission setting range; and control the ignition advance angle of the gas engine to be increased according to the flow ratio of gas to air being adjusted to the upper limit value of a preset ratio range, and the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides exceeds the emission setting range.
本发明的燃气发动机氮氧化物排放的控制系统，可以实现燃气发动机的最佳经济性, 并且当进气温度和湿度变化时，使氮氧化物的实际排放值与氮氧化物设定值基本一致，实现氮氧化物排放稳定控制的同时，保持较高的动力性和经济性。The gas engine nitrogen oxide emission control system of the present invention can achieve the best economy of the gas engine, and when the intake air temperature and humidity change, the actual emission value of nitrogen oxides is basically consistent with the nitrogen oxide set value, thereby achieving stable control of nitrogen oxide emissions while maintaining high power and economy.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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