CN115297549B - UAV network spectrum management method and system based on blockchain - Google Patents
UAV network spectrum management method and system based on blockchain Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
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Abstract
The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method based on a block chain, which comprises the following steps: constructing an unmanned aerial vehicle network, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle network architecture at least comprises a fusion center, a mobile sensing node, a main user node and a ground user node; the unmanned aerial vehicle is used as a mobile sensing node to acquire spectrum cavity information of a main user node and upload the spectrum cavity information to a fusion center; the spectrum cavity information is shared, secondary users including unmanned aerial vehicle and ground user nodes can request transaction spectrums to obtain use rights, and the secondary users encrypt privacy information in a ring signature mode; when allocating the frequency spectrum, a new consensus method is provided, namely, the ground user node carries out frequency spectrum transaction preferentially, the unmanned aerial vehicle can move to the range of other main user nodes, and a corresponding idle frequency spectrum is used, so that the maximum frequency spectrum utilization rate scheme is finally confirmed; after the spectrum transaction is completed, the transaction information is packaged into chunks and broadcast in the blockchain. The invention can solve the problems of frequency spectrum resource shortage and safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a block chain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method and system.
Background
The new generation communication technology is continuously innovated, and the research of an air-space-ground integrated architecture becomes the main trend of the future network development. The 6G realizes communication prospect of everything interconnection and random access, but the explosion type growth of users can cause extremely shortage of frequency spectrum resources. Unmanned aerial vehicles are considered to be extremely important integrated components in mobile network services due to their significant advantages of low cost, high mobility, flexible deployment, etc. Currently, most unmanned aerial vehicles in the market basically run on unlicensed frequency bands, such as: industrial frequency bands, scientific frequency bands and medical frequency bands, so that the situation that an unmanned aerial vehicle occupies other frequency spectrums often occurs, and available frequency spectrum resources are in shortage. And unmanned aerial vehicle auxiliary wireless communication always presents serious security and privacy threat due to the broadcasting characteristic and wireless security transmission characteristic of unmanned aerial vehicle network. Therefore, how to realize spectrum management optimization of the unmanned aerial vehicle under the condition of ensuring data transmission safety and privacy is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to address at least the above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide at least the advantages to be described later.
The invention further aims to provide a block-chain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method designed for an unmanned aerial vehicle communication system, which is designed according to the following design thought: the unmanned aerial vehicle senses spectrum hole information of main users such as a base station and uploads the information to a fusion center, the fusion center makes a decision after carrying out centralized information fusion, corresponding spectrum hole information is stored, secondary users such as ground users, unmanned aerial vehicles and the like with access will encrypt private information through ring signatures and store the encrypted private information to the fusion center, when spectrum allocation is carried out, the main users preferentially allocate idle spectrums to the ground users meeting the conditions, the unmanned aerial vehicle fully plays flexible mobility, moves to other idle frequency band areas to carry out spectrum sharing, does not occupy the opportunities of the ground users, further improves the idle spectrum utilization rate of the whole system, achieves the purpose of spectrum management optimization, and solves the problem of available spectrum resource shortage of the ground users caused by the existing unmanned aerial vehicle network security problem and the occupied spectrum.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a method for managing a network spectrum of a blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising:
constructing an unmanned aerial vehicle network, wherein the architecture of the unmanned aerial vehicle network at least comprises a fusion center, a mobile sensing node, a main user node and a ground user node;
The unmanned aerial vehicle is used as a mobile sensing node to acquire spectrum cavity information of a main user node and upload the spectrum cavity information to a fusion center;
after confirming that the spectrum hole information is available, sharing the spectrum hole information by the fusion center node, wherein secondary users including unmanned aerial vehicles and ground user nodes can request a transaction spectrum to obtain a use authority;
When allocating spectrum, the ground user node conducts spectrum transaction preferentially, and when spectrum resources in the coverage area of the same main user are insufficient, the unmanned aerial vehicle moves to the range of other main users to use idle spectrum;
after the spectrum transaction is completed, the transaction information is packaged into chunks and broadcast in a blockchain.
Preferably, in the blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method, before the unmanned aerial vehicle is selected as the mobile sensing node, a reputation value of the unmanned aerial vehicle is set, and an expression of the reputation value H of the unmanned aerial vehicle is as follows:
；
For the initial reputation value, set to 0.5,/> For unmanned aerial vehicle history perception correct times,For unmanned aerial vehicle history perception error times,For unmanned aerial vehicle has malicious behavior times,The duty ratio is respectively 0.1, -0.2, -0.5;
The unmanned aerial vehicle initial reputation value which is never subjected to the perception task is 0.5, and qualification of the mobile perception node to execute the perception task is obtained when the unmanned aerial vehicle reputation value is not less than 0.5;
And selecting the unmanned aerial vehicle from high to low as a mobile sensing node according to the reputation value of the unmanned aerial vehicle to acquire spectrum hole information of the main user node.
Preferably, in the method for managing network spectrum of unmanned aerial vehicle based on blockchain, each unmanned aerial vehicle selected as a mobile sensing node adopts an energy detection algorithm to measure signals of a main user node:
assuming that there are M mobile sensing nodes, the signal received by the ith mobile sensing node is expressed as:
Representing the absence of the primary user,/> Representing the presence of a primary user; atIn the case ofRepresenting channel gain,Signal size representing primary user node,Representing the noise level;
the ith mobile awareness node totals the following in the detection interval of N samples:
All the mobile sensing nodes send detection statistics to a fusion center node for data fusion; the centralized information fusion expression is as follows:
Wherein the method comprises the steps of Representing weight parameters,AndIs the perception information of each mobile perception node;
Comparing the final fusion result with a detection threshold value to obtain a final judgment result;
When (when) If the spectrum hole information is smaller than the threshold value, judging that the main user does not exist, namely the spectrum hole information of the main user node is available; whenAnd if the spectrum hole information is larger than the threshold value, judging that the main user exists, namely that the spectrum hole information of the main user node is unavailable.
Preferably, in the method for managing a network spectrum of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on a blockchain, when a transaction spectrum is requested, the secondary user sends a transaction wish, encrypts self privacy information through a ring signature, and uploads the encrypted private information to the fusion center node.
Preferably, in the method for managing a network spectrum of a drone based on a blockchain, all secondary users are taken as a group, and the secondary users who want to request a transaction spectrum endorse information encrypted with a ring signature so as to be verified by a master user node.
Preferably, in the method for managing a network spectrum of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on a blockchain, the master user node generates a corresponding intelligent contract according to a spectrum transaction request of the secondary user.
Preferably, in the method for managing the network spectrum of the unmanned aerial vehicle based on the blockchain, a consensus rule of global return maximization is established:
the ground user node conducts spectrum transaction preferentially, and when spectrum resources in the coverage area of the same main user are insufficient, the unmanned aerial vehicle moves to the range of other main users to use idle spectrum, so that idle spectrum utilization rate and throughput are improved;
and the master user node is used as a consensus node to generate a spectrum allocation strategy according to a consensus rule, and then the intelligent contract is executed to complete spectrum transaction with the secondary user.
Preferably, in the method for managing a network spectrum of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on a blockchain, in a spectrum transaction process, a secondary user calculates a price according to a frequency band size, a using time and a fixed unit price according to a fixed income rule, pays a reward to a billing node of a primary user, and the secondary user obtains a free spectrum use right.
A blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management system, comprising: the fusion center, the main user, the secondary user and the blockchain required by the blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method are executed; the primary user includes a plurality of base stations and the secondary user includes a drone and a ground user.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. When the method is used for spectrum allocation, a main user preferentially allocates the idle spectrum to ground users meeting the conditions, and the unmanned aerial vehicle fully plays flexible activity, moves to other areas with idle frequency bands for spectrum sharing, does not occupy the access opportunity of the ground users, further improves the idle spectrum utilization rate of the whole system, achieves the aim of spectrum management optimization, and solves the problem of spectrum shortage caused by the occupation of spectrum resources by the unmanned aerial vehicle.
2. According to the method, spectrum sensing is performed based on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and compared with a fixed ground node, the unmanned aerial vehicle uses non-line-of-sight communication, so that sensing precision is higher, and sensing range is larger.
3. The method of the invention applies the blockchain technology in the unmanned aerial vehicle network architecture, records the historical perception information of the unmanned aerial vehicle and records the frequency spectrum transaction information, so that the perception information is more trustworthy, the data is not tampered, the authenticity of the data is improved, and the unsafe caused by malicious nodes is reduced.
4. The method of the invention uses the ring encryption algorithm to encrypt the privacy data of the secondary user, thereby ensuring the security of the data and preventing the data from being stolen by malicious nodes.
5. The method calculates the remuneration according to the fixed rule, does not maximize the benefit, but considers the purpose of maximizing the global spectrum utilization rate, and effectively improves the throughput of the system.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a block chain based unmanned network spectrum management system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management based on blockchain;
fig. 3 is a ring signature encryption flow chart.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.
The experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise indicated, and the reagents and materials are commercially available.
A blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management system, comprising: the fusion center, the main user, the secondary user and the blockchain required by the blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method are executed; the primary user includes a plurality of base stations and the secondary user includes a drone and a ground user.
Specifically, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a network spectrum management system of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on a blockchain, where the system has a fusion center, a plurality of primary users, a plurality of secondary users, and a global blockchain formed by the primary users and the secondary users.
Global blockchain: the federation chain is composed of primary users and secondary users, wherein the primary users execute a new consensus algorithm for the accounting nodes in the global blockchain, which will be described in detail later, and are mainly responsible for the management and recording of the spectrum access behaviors of the secondary users.
Fusion center: and the system is responsible for authorization of access of a main user and real-time dynamic spectrum allocation, and is provided with a spectrum access database.
The master user: the distributed center is composed of a plurality of base stations and serves as a distributed center of a distributed spectrum allocation model, so that the management overhead of a dynamic access system can be reduced. The primary user is also the billing node responsible for creating the smart contract and mining.
Secondary users: one is the ground user with poor mobility or fixed, can rent the idle frequency band of the main user to carry on data transmission, and give preference to unmanned aerial vehicle, but can't carry on the frequency spectrum perception; the other type is unmanned aerial vehicle users, because mobility is good, the unmanned aerial vehicle users can be used as sensing nodes to sense spectrum holes, and idle frequency bands of the main users can be leased for data transmission.
Intelligent contract: the intelligent contracts deployed in the federation chain by the master user define functions related to operations such as spectrum transactions.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of allocation of spectrum resources of a network of a drone based on a blockchain according to the method of the present invention, and the specific steps of the network spectrum management method of a drone based on a blockchain are as follows:
Firstly, constructing an unmanned aerial vehicle network, wherein the architecture of the unmanned aerial vehicle network at least comprises a fusion center, a mobile sensing node, a main user node and a ground user node;
The unmanned aerial vehicle is used as a mobile sensing node to acquire spectrum cavity information of a main user node and upload the spectrum cavity information to a fusion center;
After the fusion center judges that the spectrum hole information is available, sharing the spectrum hole information, wherein secondary users including unmanned aerial vehicles and ground user nodes can request a transaction spectrum to obtain a use authority;
When allocating spectrum, the ground user node conducts spectrum transaction preferentially, and when spectrum resources in the coverage area of the same main user are insufficient, the unmanned aerial vehicle moves to the range of other main users to use idle spectrum;
After the spectrum transaction is completed, the transaction information is packaged into chunks and broadcast in the blockchain.
According to the method, the unmanned aerial vehicle is used as a mobile sensing point, the unmanned aerial vehicle has more excellent sensing capability, idle frequency spectrums of a main user can be found more quickly, the sensing information of the unmanned aerial vehicle is fused by the fusion center to obtain a sensing result, and accuracy of the sensing result is improved. When idle spectrum allocation is carried out, the ground users are prioritized, the normal operation of the ground users is guaranteed, the air advantage and the movement advantage of the unmanned aerial vehicle are fully exerted, the unmanned aerial vehicle is promoted to move in a movable range to find and utilize other idle spectrums, the idle spectrum utilization rate is improved, the phenomenon that the idle spectrums occupy spectrum resources to cause the shortage of the ground user spectrum resources is avoided, and the throughput of the system is improved along with the fact that more and more idle spectrums are utilized.
In addition, the blockchain technology is applied to the unmanned aerial vehicle network architecture, so that the transmission of information and the transaction safety of a frequency spectrum are improved.
Further, before the unmanned aerial vehicle is selected as the mobile sensing node, the reputation value of the unmanned aerial vehicle is set, and the expression of the reputation value H of the unmanned aerial vehicle is as follows:
；
For the initial reputation value, set to 0.5,/> For unmanned aerial vehicle history perception correct times,For unmanned aerial vehicle history perception error times,For unmanned aerial vehicle has malicious behavior times,The duty ratio is respectively 0.1, -0.2, -0.5;
The unmanned aerial vehicle initial reputation value which is never subjected to the perception task is 0.5, and qualification of the mobile perception node to execute the perception task is obtained when the unmanned aerial vehicle reputation value is not less than 0.5;
And selecting the unmanned aerial vehicle from high to low as a mobile sensing node according to the reputation value of the unmanned aerial vehicle to acquire spectrum hole information of the main user node. The selection number of unmanned aerial vehicles is set according to the number of main users, the number of ground users and the accuracy requirement of the perception result, so that more unmanned aerial vehicles are needed to find the idle frequency spectrum of the main users if the main users are more; the more the ground users are, the more the occupied frequency spectrum is, and at the moment, more unmanned aerial vehicles are needed to sense more idle frequency spectrum for the ground users to use; in addition, the higher the accuracy requirement of the sensing result is, the more unmanned aerial vehicles are required to be selected for sensing, and then the sensing result is sent to a fusion center for information fusion to obtain an accurate sensing result.
Further, each drone selected as a mobile awareness node employs an energy detection algorithm to measure the primary user node signal:
assuming that there are M mobile sensing nodes, the signal received by the ith mobile sensing node is expressed as:
Representing the absence of the primary user,/> Representing the presence of a primary user; atIn the case ofRepresenting channel gain,Signal size representing primary user node,Representing the noise level;
the ith mobile awareness node totals the following in the detection interval of N samples:
All the mobile sensing nodes send detection statistics to a fusion center node for data fusion; the centralized information fusion expression is as follows:
Wherein the method comprises the steps of Representing weight parameters,AndIs the perception information of each mobile perception node;
Comparing the final fusion result with a detection threshold value to obtain a final judgment result;
When (when) If the spectrum hole information is smaller than the threshold value, judging that the main user does not exist, namely the spectrum hole information of the main user node is available; when (when)And if the spectrum hole information is larger than the threshold value, judging that the main user exists, namely that the spectrum hole information of the main user node is unavailable.
The sensing and fusion of the embodiment can enable the sensing result to be more accurate.
Further, when the transaction spectrum is requested, the secondary user sends out a transaction wish, encrypts own privacy information through a ring signature, and uploads the encrypted private information to the fusion center node.
Further, all secondary users as a group want to request that the secondary users of the transaction spectrum endorse the information with the ring signature encryption for verification by the primary user node.
Further, the primary user node generates a corresponding smart contract based on the spectrum transaction request of the secondary user.
Further, a consensus rule for global return maximization is established:
The ground user nodes conduct spectrum transaction preferentially, when spectrum resources in the coverage area of the same main user are insufficient, the unmanned aerial vehicle moves to the range of other main user nodes in the movable range to use spectrum hole information, and idle spectrum utilization rate and throughput are improved;
Wherein, the total throughput of the system is defined as:
for terrestrial secondary user throughput,/> For secondary unmanned aerial vehicle throughput,，Data time of actual transmission of ground secondary user and secondary unmanned aerial vehicle respectively,，Sets of ground secondary users and drones respectively with authority to use idle spectrum,，For practical use of idle spectrum bandwidth,，For signal-to-noise ratio of transmitted information,For the total number of free spectrum,For the corresponding maximum free spectrum usage time,The bandwidth is maximally used for the corresponding spectrum.
According to the method, the requirements of the ground secondary users are preferentially met, the secondary unmanned aerial vehicle is arranged to be accessed under the condition that idle frequency spectrums of the secondary users without proper ground exist, and when the frequency spectrum resources in the same main user range are insufficient, the unmanned aerial vehicle moves to the vicinity of other main user ranges to use the idle frequency spectrums. The more the ground secondary users access, the more the unmanned aerial vehicle accesses the idle frequency spectrum in the remote area, and the longer the transmission duration, the larger the total throughput of the system.
And the master user node is used as a consensus node to generate a spectrum allocation strategy according to a consensus rule, and then the intelligent contract is executed to complete spectrum transaction with the secondary user.
Transaction information including spectrum allocation policies and smart contracts is published into the blockchain.
Further, in the spectrum transaction process, according to the fixed income rule, the secondary user calculates the price according to the frequency band size, the using time and the fixed unit price, pays the remuneration to the accounting node of the primary user, and the secondary user obtains the idle spectrum using right.
A blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management system, comprising: the fusion center, the main user, the secondary user and the blockchain required by the blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method are executed; the primary user includes a plurality of base stations and the secondary user includes a drone and a ground user.
Although embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the use listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method based on the block chain is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Constructing an unmanned aerial vehicle network, wherein the architecture of the unmanned aerial vehicle network at least comprises a fusion center, a mobile sensing node, a main user node and a ground user node;
The unmanned aerial vehicle is used as a mobile sensing node to acquire spectrum cavity information of a main user node and upload the spectrum cavity information to a fusion center;
After confirming that the spectrum hole information is available, sharing the spectrum hole information, wherein secondary users including unmanned aerial vehicles and ground user nodes can request a transaction spectrum to obtain a use authority;
When allocating the frequency spectrum, the ground user node conducts frequency spectrum transaction preferentially, and when the frequency spectrum resources in the coverage area of the same main user node are insufficient, the unmanned aerial vehicle moves to the range of other main user nodes to use idle frequency spectrum;
after the spectrum transaction is completed, the transaction information is packaged into chunks and broadcast in a blockchain.
2. The blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method of claim 1, wherein the reputation value of the unmanned aerial vehicle is set before the unmanned aerial vehicle is selected as the mobile sensing node, and the expression of the reputation value H of the unmanned aerial vehicle is:
；
For the initial reputation value, set to 0.5,/> For unmanned aerial vehicle history perception correct times,For unmanned aerial vehicle history perception error times,For unmanned aerial vehicle has malicious behavior times,The duty ratio is respectively 0.1, -0.2, -0.5;
the initial reputation value of the unmanned aerial vehicle which never executes the sensing task is 0.5, and the qualification of executing the sensing task for the mobile sensing node can be obtained when the reputation value of the unmanned aerial vehicle is not less than 0.5;
And selecting the unmanned aerial vehicle from high to low as a mobile sensing node according to the reputation value of the unmanned aerial vehicle to acquire spectrum hole information of the main user node.
3. The blockchain-based drone network spectrum management method of claim 2, wherein each drone selected as a mobile awareness node measures the primary user node signal using an energy detection algorithm:
assuming that there are M mobile sensing nodes, the signal received by the ith mobile sensing node is expressed as:
Representing the absence of the primary user,/> Representing the presence of a primary user; atIn the case ofRepresenting channel gain,Signal size representing primary user node,Representing the noise level;
the ith mobile awareness node totals the following in the detection interval of N samples:
All the mobile sensing nodes send detection statistics to a fusion center node for data fusion; the centralized information fusion expression is as follows:
Wherein the method comprises the steps of Representing weight parameters,AndIs the perception information of each mobile perception node;
Comparing the final fusion result with a detection threshold value to obtain a final judgment result;
When (when) If the spectrum hole information is smaller than the threshold value, judging that the main user does not exist, namely the spectrum hole information of the main user node is available; whenAnd if the spectrum hole information is larger than the threshold value, judging that the main user exists, namely that the spectrum hole information of the main user node is unavailable.
4. The blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method of claim 3, wherein when requesting the transaction spectrum, the secondary user sends out a transaction wish, encrypts own privacy information through a ring signature, and uploads the encrypted information to the fusion center.
5. The blockchain-based unmanned network spectrum management method of claim 4, wherein all secondary users are grouped together and the secondary users who want to request the transaction spectrum endorse information with ring signature encryption for verification by the primary user node.
6. The blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method of claim 5, wherein the master user node generates a corresponding smart contract based on the spectrum transaction request of the secondary user.
7. The blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method of claim 6, wherein a consensus rule is established that maximizes global rewards:
The ground user node conducts spectrum transaction preferentially, and when spectrum resources in the coverage area of the same main user are insufficient, the unmanned aerial vehicle moves to the range of other main users to use idle spectrum;
and the master user node is used as a consensus node to generate a spectrum allocation strategy according to a consensus rule, and then the intelligent contract is executed to complete spectrum transaction with the secondary user.
8. The blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle network spectrum management method of claim 7, wherein during the spectrum transaction, the secondary user calculates the price according to the frequency band size, the use time and the fixed unit price according to the fixed profit rule, and pays the fee to the primary user accounting node, and the secondary user obtains the idle spectrum use right.
9. Unmanned aerial vehicle network frequency spectrum management system based on block chain, characterized by comprising: a fusion center, primary user, secondary user, and blockchain required to perform the blockchain-based unmanned network spectrum management method of claim 1; the primary user includes a plurality of base stations and the secondary user includes a drone and a ground user.
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