CN115292855B - Design method of heat exchanger and heat exchanger - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, and provides a heat exchanger design method and a heat exchanger. The design method of the heat exchanger is designed through a heat exchange control equation instead of experience and experiment, not only is favorable for simplifying the design process of the heat exchanger, but also is favorable for improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, and because the density of the heat exchange units in the design method of the heat exchanger meets the preset conditions, the design method of the heat exchanger is also favorable for optimizing the quality of the heat exchanger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, in particular to a design method of a heat exchanger and the heat exchanger.
Background
With the continuous development of the fields of petrochemical engineering, ocean engineering, nuclear energy, photo-thermal and the like, higher requirements are gradually put forward on the performances, high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance and the like of the heat exchanger, and the micro-channel compact heat exchanger combining a chemical etching micro-channel forming technology and a diffusion welding technology is gradually attracted by people. The micro-channel compact heat exchanger utilizes chemical corrosion to etch micro flow channels on the heat exchange plate, improves the heat transfer area density, and realizes high-efficiency heat exchange by arranging the cold flow channels and the hot flow channels alternately.
However, the design method of the micro-channel compact heat exchanger is not mature at present, the design process is mostly carried out according to experience and experiments, the design process is complex, and the volume power ratio and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a design method of a heat exchanger and the heat exchanger.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for designing a heat exchanger, wherein the method for designing a heat exchanger includes: dispersing the heat exchanger into a plurality of heat exchange units in the flow direction, and establishing a heat exchange control equation for the heat exchange units according to boundary conditions; according to the boundary conditions, determining the geometric parameters of the flow channel of the heat exchanger by taking the minimization of the density of the heat exchange unit as a target; judging whether the density of the heat exchange unit reaches a preset condition, if so, determining the mass flow density according to the flow channel geometric parameters corresponding to the density of the heat exchange unit, otherwise, returning to the adjustment of the flow channel geometric parameters, and re-determining the density of the heat exchange unit according to the adjusted flow channel geometric parameters and the boundary condition until the density of the heat exchange unit reaches the preset condition; and determining the lengths of the plurality of heat exchange units according to the mass flow density and the heat exchange control equation, and determining the length of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger according to the lengths of the plurality of heat exchange units.
In the heat exchanger provided in some embodiments of the present application, before determining the geometric parameter of the flow channel of the heat exchanger based on the boundary condition and the objective of minimizing the density of the heat exchange unit, the method further includes: and adjusting the preset geometric parameters of the heat exchanger flow channel to ensure that the geometric parameters of the flow channel pass through mechanical checking. According to the heat exchanger provided by some embodiments of the application, the heat exchanger is dispersed into a plurality of heat exchange units with equal heat transfer heat flow according to an equal heat exchange amount mode.
In the heat exchanger provided by some embodiments of the present application, the geometric parameters of the flow channel of the heat exchanger are determined by the overall geometric parameters of the heat exchanger.
In the heat exchanger provided in some embodiments of the present application, after determining the length of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger, the method for designing the heat exchanger further includes: and judging whether the length of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger meet design requirements, if so, finishing the design, otherwise, returning to adjust the overall geometric parameters until the length of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger meet the design requirements.
Some embodiments of the present application provide a heat exchanger, wherein the overall geometric parameters include a diameter of the flow channel, a height of the heat exchanger, and a width of the heat exchanger.
In the heat exchanger provided by some embodiments of the present application, the boundary conditions include a working medium type of a fluid of the heat exchanger, an inlet/outlet state of the fluid, a mass flow rate of the fluid, a type of a flow channel, a geometric size of the heat exchanger, a material of the heat exchanger, a design pressure of the heat exchanger, a design temperature of the heat exchanger, and an allowable pressure drop of the heat exchanger.
In some embodiments of the heat exchanger provided herein, the heat exchange unit density is defined as a weighted average of the density of the solid regions of the cross-sectional area of the heat exchange unit.
In the heat exchanger provided in some embodiments of the present application, the preset condition is that the density of the heat exchange unit obtains a minimum value.
In the heat exchanger provided by some embodiments of the present application, the heat exchange control equation is determined according to the enthalpy change of the heat exchange unit.
In a second aspect, some embodiments of the present application provide a heat exchanger, wherein the length and pressure drop of the heat exchanger are determined by using the design method of the heat exchanger provided in any one of the above technical solutions.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure at least brings the following beneficial effects:
the application provides a design method of a heat exchanger, in the design method of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is dispersed into a plurality of heat exchange units, the mass flow density is determined by using the geometric parameters of a flow channel, which enable the density of the heat exchange units to reach the minimum, and then the length of the heat exchange units is determined by using the mass flow density and a heat exchange control equation so as to determine the length of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger. The design method of the heat exchanger is designed through a heat exchange control equation instead of experience and experiment, not only is favorable for simplifying the design process of the heat exchanger, but also is favorable for improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, and because the density of the heat exchange units in the design method of the heat exchanger meets the preset conditions, the design method of the heat exchanger is also favorable for optimizing the quality of the heat exchanger.
The application provides a heat exchanger, because the length and the pressure drop of this heat exchanger adopt the design method of the heat exchanger that above-mentioned technical scheme provided to confirm, this heat exchanger not only quality is comparatively optimized, has higher heat exchange efficiency moreover.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for designing a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange model of a heat exchange unit in a design method of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange unit in a design method of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a hot runner; 2. an intermediate wall; 3. and a cold runner.
Detailed Description
Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below, and in order to make objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising 8230; \8230;" 8230; "does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The following further describes a design method of a heat exchanger and a technical scheme of the heat exchanger provided in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the application provides a design method of a heat exchanger, as shown in fig. 1, the design method of the heat exchanger includes the following steps:
s101, dispersing the heat exchanger into a plurality of heat exchange units in the flow direction, and establishing a heat exchange control equation for the heat exchange units according to boundary conditions.
In the micro-channel compact heat exchanger, a cold side runner and a hot side runner are periodically overlapped and arranged, the heat exchanger is still a dividing wall type counter-flow heat exchanger, and a heat transfer chain of the heat exchanger consists of the counter-flow heat exchange of the cold side and the hot side and the heat conduction of an intermediate wall. Therefore, as shown in fig. 2, a heat exchange model can be constructed by extracting the hot runner 1, the middle wall 2 and the cold runner 3 as a group of heat exchange units.
In the actual working process of the heat exchanger, the physical properties of working media in the heat exchanger can change along the flow stroke, and the heat transfer coefficient cannot be guaranteed to be constant, so that the heat exchanger needs to be subjected to discrete processing, the heat exchanger is discretized into a plurality of heat exchange units along the flow direction according to the differential thought, and the heat transfer coefficient in each heat exchange unit can be defined as a constant so as to establish a heat exchange control equation for each heat exchange unit.
The flow direction may be the flow direction of a hot side fluid or the flow direction of a cold side fluid in the heat exchanger, and a person skilled in the art can determine the flow direction according to actual situations.
The boundary condition refers to the change rule of the variable or derivative of the variable solved by the heat exchange control equation on the boundary of the solving area along with time and place. It may include the working medium type of the fluid, the inlet and outlet state of the fluid, the mass flow rate of the fluid, the type of the flow channel the geometry of the heat exchanger, the material of the heat exchanger, the design pressure of the heat exchanger, the design temperature of the heat exchanger, the allowable pressure drop of the heat exchanger.
Wherein the working fluid types of the fluids include a working fluid type of a hot side fluid and a working fluid type of a cold side fluid. The inlet and outlet states of the fluid include the pressure and temperature of the hot side fluid at the inlet, the pressure and temperature of the hot side fluid at the outlet, the pressure and temperature of the cold side fluid at the inlet, and the pressure and temperature of the cold side fluid at the outlet. The mass flow of fluids includes the mass flow of hot side fluid and the mass flow of cold side fluid. The types of the flow passages comprise straight flow passages, folded flow passages, S-shaped flow passages and airfoil flow passages. The overall geometry of the heat exchanger includes the height of the heat exchanger, the width of the heat exchanger, the cold side flow passage diameter, and the hot side flow passage diameter. The material of the heat exchanger may refer to the material used to make the heat exchanger. The design pressure of the heat exchanger may include the maximum pressure that the cold side fluid of the heat exchanger is allowed to access, and the maximum pressure that the hot side fluid of the heat exchanger is allowed to access. The design temperature of the heat exchanger may include a temperature range in which the cold side fluid of the heat exchanger is allowed to access, and a temperature range in which the hot side fluid of the heat exchanger is allowed to access. The allowable pressure drop for the heat exchanger may include the maximum pressure drop allowed for cold side fluid of the heat exchanger, and the maximum pressure drop allowed for hot side fluid of the heat exchanger.
The specific process of establishing the heat exchange control equation is as follows:
dispersing the heat exchanger into a plurality of heat exchange units along the flow direction, wherein the heat exchange amounts of the hot side fluid, the cold side fluid and the intermediate wall in the heat exchange units are respectively as follows:
wherein Q h Is the total heat exchange power of the hot side fluid, h h Is the convective heat transfer coefficient of the hot side fluid, A h Heat exchange area for hot side fluid, T h,b Is the temperature of the main fluid in the hot side fluid, T h,w Temperature of wall surface in hot side fluid, Q c Total heat exchange power of cold side fluid, h c Is the convective heat transfer coefficient of the cold side fluid, A c Is the heat exchange area of the cold side fluid, T c,w Temperature of wall in cold side fluid, T c,b Temperature of main fluid in cold-side fluid, Q w Is the total heat exchange power of the wall surface, lambda is the heat conductivity of the wall surface, A is the heat exchange area, T h,w Temperature of wall in hot side fluid, T c,w Is the temperature of the wall in the cold side fluid and t is the thickness of the intermediate wall.
Due to the presence of a heat exchange unit
Substitution into
In the method, the following steps are simplified:
calculating the total heat exchange power of the heat exchanger according to the inlet and outlet states of the cold side fluid and the inlet and outlet states of the hot side fluid, dispersing the heat exchanger into heat exchange units with equal heat transfer heat flow according to an equal heat exchange quantity mode, calculating the thermodynamic parameter of each heat exchange unit according to the enthalpy value, Q being the heat exchange quantity of each heat exchange unit, and h h Is the convective heat transfer coefficient of the hot side fluid, h c Is the convective heat transfer coefficient of the cold side fluid. The heat exchanger is dispersed into the heat exchange units with the same heat transfer heat flow according to the mode of equal heat exchange quantity, which means that the enthalpy change of the working medium of each heat exchange unit is equal and the actual length is unknown.
In the ith heat exchange unit, the temperature T of the wall surface in the cold-side fluid is obtained by looking up a table of specific enthalpy c,w (i) Temperature T of wall in hot side fluid h,w (i) And the central temperature of the main fluid is defined as the average temperature of the cross section of the heat exchange unit
Wherein,
is the temperature of the main fluid in the hot side fluid in the ith heat exchange unit,
is the temperature of the main fluid in the cold side fluid in the ith heat exchange unit.
And S102, adjusting the geometric parameters of the preset heat exchanger flow channel.
That is, the geometric parameters of the flow channel of the heat exchanger are preset, and then the preset geometric parameters of the flow channel of the heat exchanger are adjusted.
In some embodiments, the flow channel geometric parameters of the heat exchanger refer to parameters having an influence on the mechanical performance of the heat exchanger, and such parameters generally include a plurality of parameters, and those skilled in the art can select the corresponding flow channel geometric parameters according to actual situations. In some embodiments, the preset flow channel geometry parameters of the heat exchanger may include plate thickness, flow channel diameter, flow channel pitch, etc. of the heat exchanger.
The process of adjustment is as follows:
performing mechanical checking on the preset geometric parameters of the heat exchanger flow passage, and if the geometric parameters of the heat exchanger flow passage pass the mechanical checking, adjusting the preset geometric parameters of the heat exchanger flow passage to be zero; and if the geometric parameters of the heat exchanger flow channel do not pass the mechanical checking, increasing the preset geometric parameters of the heat exchanger flow channel and performing the mechanical checking again until the geometric parameters of the heat exchanger flow channel pass the mechanical checking.
In some embodiments of the present application, the mechanical checking of the geometric parameters of the flow channel of the heat exchanger may include checking the geometric parameters of the flow channel, such as the plate thickness, the flow channel diameter, and the flow channel pitch, of the heat exchanger using a mechanical checking standard, such as a thin-wall cylindrical shear stress checking formula.
For example, in checking the geometric parameters of the heat exchanger flow channel, the following relationship between the flow channel diameter and the flow channel pitch can be satisfied:
wherein P is the runner pitch, d is the runner diameter, P is the runner pitch, and S is the allowable stress of the heat exchanger.
For example, in checking the geometric parameters of the flow channel of the heat exchanger, the following relationship between the plate thickness and the flow channel pitch of the heat exchanger can be satisfied:
wherein, t p Is the flow channel pitch; d is the diameter of the flow channel; s is allowable stress of the heat exchanger; p is i The pressure difference inside the flow channel; p 0 For pressure differences outside the flow channel, normally P 0 The value of (d) takes 0.
And iteratively calculating a plurality of groups of checked heat exchanger flow channel geometric parameters as preset heat exchanger flow channel geometric parameters according to the mechanical design criteria.
S103, according to the boundary conditions, determining the geometric parameters of the flow channel of the heat exchanger by taking the minimization of the density of the heat exchange unit as a target.
That is, the density of the heat exchange unit is determined by obtaining a plurality of sets of flow channel geometric parameters and boundary conditions by using the scheme. In some embodiments of the present application, the heat exchange unit density is defined as a weighted average of the density of the solid regions of the cross-sectional area of the heat exchange unit
Wherein,
is a weighted average of the density of the solids region of the cross-sectional area of the heat exchange unit,
density of cold side fluid, t c Thickness of the cold side, D c Is the equivalent diameter of the cold side runner, s c Is the pitch of the cold-side runner,
density of hot side fluid, t h Thickness of hot side, D h Is the equivalent diameter of the hot side flow passage, s h The structure of the heat exchange unit is shown in fig. 3 for the pitch of the hot side flow passage.
And S104, judging whether the density of the heat exchange unit reaches a preset condition, if so, determining the mass flow density according to the geometric parameters of the flow channel corresponding to the density of the heat exchange unit, otherwise, returning to adjust the geometric parameters of the flow channel, and re-determining the density of the heat exchange unit according to the adjusted geometric parameters of the flow channel and the boundary condition until the density of the heat exchange unit reaches the preset condition.
In some embodiments, the predetermined condition may be that the heat exchange unit density takes a minimum value. If the density of the heat exchange unit takes a minimum value, determining the mass flow density according to the flow channel geometric parameters corresponding to the density of the heat exchange unit at the moment; and if the density of the heat exchange unit cannot take the minimum value, returning to adjust the geometric parameters of the flow channel, and re-determining the density of the heat exchange unit according to the adjusted geometric parameters of the flow channel and the boundary conditions until the density of the heat exchange unit takes the minimum value. The mass flow density is the mass flow density of a single flow channel, and the specific method for determining the mass flow density comprises the following steps: firstly, the logarithm of the flow channel plate and the number of the flow channels in the single-layer flow channel plate are calculated according to the corresponding flow channel geometric parameters to determine the flow velocity of the fluid in the single flow channel
Wherein G is a single flow passageThe mass flow density of (a) is,
for heat exchange unit density, u is the flow rate of the medium fluid in a single flow channel.
And S105, determining the lengths of the plurality of heat exchange units according to the mass flow density and the heat exchange control equation, and determining the length of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger according to the lengths of the plurality of heat exchange units.
The length of the heat exchange unit is determined according to the mass flow density in the following way:
determining Reynolds number Re and Prandtl number Pr of the heat exchange unit, and determining Nu by a relational expression;
wherein G is the mass flow density of a single flow channel,
for the density of the heat exchange unit, u is the flow velocity of the medium fluid in a single flow channel, D is the equivalent diameter of the flow channel, mu is the viscosity of the fluid, c p Is the specific heat capacity, and λ is the fluid thermal conductivity.
Wherein Nu is the Nussel number, and h is the convective heat transfer coefficient; d is the equivalent diameter of the flow channel; λ is the fluid thermal conductivity; f is a particular empirical relationship that depends on the particular configuration of the flow channel, for example, for straight flow channels, there are:
wherein Nu is Nu; b is a constant which can be calculated by experimental measurement;
the Reynolds number of a main fluid of the heat exchange unit, wherein C is a constant and can be calculated by test measurement;
is a prandtl number, where D is a constant, and can be calculated from experimental measurements.
For a deflection channel with a deflection angle of 15 degrees, the following deflection channels are provided:
wherein Nu is Nu; e is a constant which can be calculated by experimental measurement;
the Reynolds number of a main fluid of the heat exchange unit, wherein F is a constant and can be calculated by test measurement;
is a prandtl number, where G is a constant, and can be calculated from experimental measurements.
The convective heat transfer coefficient h can be obtained from the formula (13), in the formula (4), because the heat transfer quantity Q of each heat transfer unit can be known, and the temperature difference between the main fluid at the hot side and the main fluid at the cold side of each heat transfer unit can be known from the formula (3), the area A of each heat transfer unit can be obtained, the length of each heat transfer unit can be further obtained by dividing the known width of the heat transfer unit, and the length of the heat exchanger can be obtained by adding the lengths of all the heat transfer units.
The pressure drop of the heat exchanger is determined in such a way that the on-way resistance of the heat exchanger is determined according to the length of the heat exchanger, and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger is further determined.
The on-way resistance of the heat exchanger is obtained by the following formula:
wherein is Δ P f Is the on-way resistance of the heat exchanger, f is the fanning friction coefficient, L is the length of the heat exchanger,
as the heat exchange unit density, u b Flow rate of the medium fluid in a single flow path, D eq Is the equivalent diameter of the flow channel.
Wherein, for the straight flow channel, the fanning friction coefficient f is:
laminar flow:
（17）
turbulent flow:
（18）
for a deflection road with a deflection angle of 15 degrees, the fanning friction coefficient f is:
laminar flow:
（19）
turbulent flow:
（20）
in the above formula, re b Is the reynolds number of the main fluid of the heat exchange unit.
And S106, judging whether the length of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger meet design requirements, if so, finishing the design, and if not, returning to adjust the overall geometric parameters until the length of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger meet the design requirements.
The geometric parameters of the flow channel are adjusted in a mode that the overall geometric parameters of the heat exchanger are adjusted first, and the geometric parameters of the flow channel are further adjusted through adjustment of the overall geometric parameters.
The design requirement can be the advance requirement of the heat exchanger parameters such as the length of the heat exchanger, the pressure drop of the heat exchanger and the like by technical personnel, and the technical personnel in the field can make the design requirement according to the actual situation.
The embodiment of the application also provides a heat exchanger which is designed by adopting the design method of the heat exchanger provided by the technical scheme. Because the length and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger are determined by the design method of the heat exchanger provided by the technical scheme, the heat exchanger not only has optimized quality, but also has higher heat exchange efficiency.
As described above, only the specific embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the system, the module and the unit described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again. It should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method for designing a heat exchanger, the method comprising:
dispersing the heat exchanger into a plurality of heat exchange units along the flow direction, and establishing a heat exchange control equation for the heat exchange units according to boundary conditions;
according to the boundary conditions, determining the flow channel geometric parameters of the heat exchanger by taking the density minimization of the heat exchange unit as a target;
judging whether the density of the heat exchange unit reaches a preset condition, if so, determining the mass flow density according to the geometric parameters of the flow channel corresponding to the density of the heat exchange unit, otherwise, returning to adjust the geometric parameters of the flow channel, and re-determining the density of the heat exchange unit according to the adjusted geometric parameters of the flow channel and the boundary condition until the density of the heat exchange unit reaches the preset condition;
and determining the lengths of the plurality of heat exchange units according to the mass flow density and the heat exchange control equation, and determining the length of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger according to the lengths of the plurality of heat exchange units.
2. The design method of the heat exchanger according to claim 1, further comprising, before the determining the geometric parameters of the flow channel of the heat exchanger with the objective of minimizing the density of the heat exchange units according to the boundary conditions, the following steps:
and adjusting the preset geometric parameters of the heat exchanger flow channel to ensure that the geometric parameters of the flow channel pass through mechanical checking.
3. The method for designing a heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is discretized into a plurality of heat exchange units with equal heat exchange amount.
4. The method for designing a heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the geometric parameters of the flow channel of the heat exchanger are determined by the overall geometric parameters of the heat exchanger.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein after determining the length of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger, the method further comprises:
and judging whether the length of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger meet design requirements, if so, finishing the design, and if not, returning to adjust the overall geometric parameters until the length of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop of the heat exchanger meet the design requirements.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the overall geometric parameters include a diameter of the flow channel, a height of the heat exchanger, and a width of the heat exchanger.
7. The method for designing a heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the boundary conditions include a working medium type of the fluid of the heat exchanger, inlet and outlet states of the fluid, a mass flow rate of the fluid, a type of a flow passage, a geometric size of the heat exchanger, a material of the heat exchanger, a design pressure of the heat exchanger, a design temperature of the heat exchanger, and an allowable pressure drop of the heat exchanger.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange unit density is defined as a weighted average of the density of the solid regions of the cross-sectional area of the heat exchange unit.
9. The design method of the heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the preset condition is that the density of the heat exchange unit obtains a minimum value.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange control equation is determined based on enthalpy changes of the heat exchange unit.
11. A heat exchanger, characterized in that the length and pressure drop of the heat exchanger are determined by the design method of the heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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