CN115274143A - Fuel units, fuel elements and reactor cores - Google Patents

Abstract

The fuel unit of the embodiment of the invention comprises: the main part, the first face, second face and a plurality of connected pore, first face and second face set up along the thickness direction of main part relatively, be equipped with a plurality of first openings on the first face, the at least part of a plurality of first openings sets up around the central axis of main part, be equipped with a plurality of second openings on the second face, the at least part of a plurality of second openings sets up around the central axis of main part, a plurality of second openings and a plurality of first opening one-to-one, the thickness direction of main part is unanimous with the extending direction of the central axis of main part, a plurality of connected pore and a plurality of first openings and a plurality of second opening one-to-one, connected pore intercommunication first opening and second opening, and first opening is spaced apart in the circumference of the central axis of main part with the second opening. The fuel unit of the invention is convenient to manufacture, and the fuel element formed after the fuel unit is stacked has the advantage of high heat exchange coefficient.

Description

Fuel units, fuel elements and reactor cores

technical field

The invention relates to the field of nuclear energy propulsion, in particular to a fuel unit, a fuel element and a reactor core.

Background technique

The nuclear thermal propulsion reactor uses hydrogen as the coolant, and the fuel design often adopts a solid-state reactor in the form of a straight-hole graphite hexagonal prism and a metal stack in the form of a spiral tube. Among them, compared with the metal stack in the form of a helical tube, the solid-state stack in the form of a straight-hole graphite hexagonal prism with the same length and size in the related art has a length of the straight channel that is significantly shorter than the length of the spiral tube, so the solid-state stack in the form of a straight-hole graphite hexagonal The thermal coefficient is small, and the metal stack in the form of a spiral tube has the problem of great manufacturing difficulty.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

For this reason, embodiments of the present invention provide a fuel unit, which is convenient to manufacture, and the fuel element formed by stacking the fuel units has the advantage of high heat transfer coefficient.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a fuel element, which has the advantages of convenient manufacture and high heat transfer coefficient.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a reactor core, and the fuel element of the reactor core has the advantages of convenient manufacture and high heat transfer coefficient.

The fuel unit in the embodiment of the present invention includes: a main body; a first surface and a second surface, the first surface and the second surface are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the main body, and a plurality of First openings, at least part of the plurality of first openings are arranged around the central axis of the main body, and a plurality of second openings are arranged on the second surface, at least part of the plurality of second openings are arranged around the central axis of the body. The central axis of the main body is set, the plurality of second openings correspond to the plurality of first openings one by one, the thickness direction of the main body is consistent with the extension direction of the central axis of the main body; a plurality of connecting holes, a plurality of The connecting tunnel corresponds to a plurality of the first openings and a plurality of the second openings, the connecting tunnel communicates with the first opening and the second opening, and the first opening is connected to the second opening. The second openings are spaced apart in a circumferential direction of the central axis of the body.

The fuel unit of the embodiment of the present invention is provided with communication channels to facilitate manufacture, and a plurality of fuel units are stacked to form a fuel element, and the communication channels form a spiral channel, which increases the distance of gas flow and improves the heat exchange effect.

In addition, the spiral channel formed by the connecting channels can also be changed by changing the radial dimension of the connecting channel of the fuel unit or changing the thickness of the fuel unit itself, so that the length of the spiral channel can be increased or decreased.

Therefore, the fuel unit of the embodiment of the present invention is convenient to manufacture, and the fuel element formed after the fuel unit is stacked has the advantage of high heat transfer coefficient.

In some embodiments, a central hole is further included, the central hole runs through the first surface and the second surface along the thickness direction of the main body, and the axis of the central hole coincides with the central axis of the main body.

In some embodiments, the plurality of first openings includes a plurality of first groups, the first groups are arranged around the central hole, and the plurality of first groups are spaced along the radial direction of the central hole The plurality of second openings includes a plurality of second groups, the second groups are arranged around the central hole, and the plurality of second groups are spaced apart along the radial direction of the central hole.

In some embodiments, the central axis of the connecting hole is an arc.

In some embodiments, the central axis of the connecting hole is a straight line.

In some embodiments, the size of the main body in the thickness direction is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm.

In some embodiments, the radial dimension of the connecting hole is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm, and the number of the first openings is greater than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 50.

A fuel element of an embodiment of the present invention includes the fuel unit according to any one of the above embodiments.

In some embodiments, there are a plurality of fuel units, and the plurality of fuel units are sequentially stacked along the thickness direction of the main body to form the fuel element, and the first of one of the two adjacent fuel units is The opening communicates with the second opening of the other.

A reactor core of an embodiment of the present invention includes fuel elements according to the above-described embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fuel unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of plane A-A in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fuel element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of B-B plane in Fig. 3 .

Reference signs:

Fuel unit 1; main body 11; first surface 111; first opening 1111; second surface 112; second opening 1121; connecting channel 113; central hole 114;

fuel element 2.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

The fuel unit 1 of the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the fuel unit 1 of the embodiment of the present invention includes: a main body 11 , a first surface 111 , a second surface 112 and a plurality of connecting holes 113 .

The first surface 111 and the second surface 112 are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the main body 11 (as shown in the up-down direction in FIG. Arranged around the central axis of the main body 11, the second surface 112 is provided with a plurality of second openings 1121, at least part of the plurality of second openings 1121 is arranged around the central axis of the main body 11, the plurality of second openings 1121 and the plurality of first The openings 1111 correspond one to one, and the thickness direction of the main body 11 is consistent with the extension direction of the central axis of the main body 11 . A plurality of connecting holes 113 corresponds to a plurality of first openings 1111 and a plurality of second openings 1121 one by one, the connecting holes 113 communicate with the first openings 1111 and the second openings 1121, and the first openings 1111 and the second openings 1121 are in the main body 11 The circumferential direction of the central axis is spaced apart.

Specifically, as shown in the figure, the first surface 111 and the second surface 112 are oppositely arranged in the vertical direction, that is, the upper surface of the main body 11 is the first surface 111 , and the lower surface of the main body 11 is the second surface 112 . The number of the plurality of first openings 1111 , the plurality of second openings 1121 and the plurality of connecting channels 113 are all the same.

It can be understood that the parts of the plurality of first openings 1111 are arranged around the central axis of the main body 11, that is, the part of the first openings 1111 can be evenly distributed on the center of the circle with the central axis of the main body 11 on the first surface 111 as the center. The distance from the center of the first opening 1111 to the central axis of the main body 11 is a circle with a radius. Similarly, other parts of the plurality of first openings 1111 are also uniformly distributed on the first surface 111 .

A connecting hole 113 communicates with a first opening 1111 and a second opening 1121, the first opening 1111 and the second opening 1121 have a gap in the circumferential direction of the central axis of the main body 11, that is, the first opening 1111 is in the second If there is a gap between the projection on the surface 112 and the projection of the second opening 1121 on the second surface 112, then the central axis of the connecting channel 113 has an included angle greater than 0 degrees with the up-down direction.

That is to say, a plurality of fuel units 1 of the embodiments of the present invention can be stacked to form a fuel element. Since there is an angle between the central axis of the connecting passage and the up-down direction, the communication channels on the plurality of fuel units 1 are connected to form a spiral The pores increase the distance of gas flow, thereby improving the heat exchange effect. Moreover, the structure of the fuel unit 1 is simple and convenient to manufacture.

In addition, changing the radial size of the connecting holes of the fuel unit 1 or changing the thickness of the fuel unit 1 itself can change the path size of the spiral holes formed by the connecting holes 113, thereby increasing or decreasing the length of the spiral holes.

Therefore, the fuel unit 1 of the embodiment of the present invention is convenient to manufacture, and the fuel element formed by stacking the fuel units 1 has the advantage of high heat transfer coefficient.

It should be noted that the main body 11 of the fuel unit 1 may be a regular prism, preferably, as shown in FIG. 1 , the main body 11 is a regular hexagonal prism.

In some embodiments, the fuel unit 1 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a central hole 114, the central hole 114 runs through the first surface 111 and the second surface 112 along the thickness direction of the main body 11, and the axis of the central hole 114 is aligned with the center of the main body 11. The axes coincide.

Specifically, as shown in the figure, the central hole 114 is a straight hole, that is, the axis of the central hole 114 extends in the same direction as the vertical direction, and the central hole 114 penetrates the first surface 111 and the second surface 112 in the vertical direction.

It can be appreciated that the central hole 114 can be used to install supports or other components, for example, can be used to install structural support rods (not shown in the figure) and the like.

In some embodiments, the plurality of first openings 1111 includes a plurality of first groups, the first groups are disposed around the central hole 114 , and the plurality of first groups are spaced apart along the radial direction of the central hole 114 . The plurality of second openings 1121 includes a plurality of second groups disposed around the central hole 114 and spaced apart along a radial direction of the central hole 114 .

Specifically, as shown in the figure, the plurality of first openings 1111 are divided into a plurality of parts, each part includes a plurality of first openings 1111, and the plurality of first openings 1111 form a first group, that is, a first The groups each consist of a plurality of first openings 1111 , and the plurality of first openings 1111 of the first group are arranged around the central hole 114 . Wherein, the plurality of first openings 1111 of the first group can be evenly spaced around the circumference of the central hole 114, that is, the plurality of first openings 1111 of the first group are evenly distributed in the center of the central hole 114. The center of the circle is on a circle whose radius is the distance from the center of one first opening 1111 in the one first group to the center of the central hole 114 . The other first groups are spaced apart from the one first group in the radial direction of the central hole 114 . Similarly, the plurality of second openings 1121 in a second group corresponding to the first group are evenly distributed on the center of the central hole 114 and the center of a second opening 1121 in the second group. On a circle whose distance to the center of the central hole 114 is the radius, other second groups are arranged at intervals from the one second group along the radial direction of the central hole 114 .

Optionally, as shown in FIG. 1, the main body 11 is a regular hexagonal prism, and the centers of a plurality of first openings 1111 in a first group are successively connected to form a regular hexagon, and every two openings in a first group The distances between adjacent first openings 1111 are equal. Similarly, the shape enclosed by successive centers of the plurality of second openings 1121 in the second group is also a regular hexagon.

Optionally, the central axis of the connecting hole 113 is an arc. That is, the connecting holes 113 are arc-shaped holes, and after a plurality of fuel units 1 are stacked to form fuel elements, the connecting holes 113 on the fuel units 1 are connected, and spiral holes can also be formed, so as to increase the path size for heat exchange and improve Heat exchange effect.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2 , the central axis of the connecting hole 113 is a straight line. It can be understood that the connecting hole 113 is a straight hole whose axis is inclined, that is, the angle between the central axis of the connecting hole 113 and the up-down direction is greater than 0 degrees, so that the connecting hole 113 is arranged obliquely.

That is to say, when a plurality of fuel units 1 are stacked up and down, the connecting holes 113 of two adjacent fuel units 1 are connected, and the connecting holes 113 on the plurality of fuel units 1 are connected to form a spiral hole. It is used for heat exchange of gas and its length is longer than that of straight channels, so it can improve the heat exchange effect.

In some embodiments, the dimension of the main body 11 in the thickness direction is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm.

It can be understood that, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , when the number and radial dimension of the first opening 1111 , the second opening 1121 and the connecting hole 113 are constant, changing the thickness of the main body 11 can change the connecting hole 113 The angle between the extension direction of the central axis and the up-down direction is used to change the length of the spiral channel. That is, when the number and radial size of the first opening 1111, the second opening 1121, and the connecting hole 113 are constant, the smaller the thickness of the main body 11, the larger the angle between the extending direction of the central axis of the connecting hole 113 and the up-down direction.

In some embodiments, the radial dimension of the connecting hole 113 is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm, and the number of the first openings 1111 is greater than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 50.

It can be understood that, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , changing the number of first openings 1111, or changing the radial dimensions of the first openings 1111, second openings 1121 and connecting channels 113, or changing the number of first openings 1111 As well as the radial dimensions of the first opening 1111 , the second opening 1121 and the connecting channel 113 , the path size of the spiral channel can be changed.

It should be noted that the wall surface of the connecting channel 113 and the peripheral wall surface of the fuel unit 1 are provided with anti-corrosion coatings, for example, zirconium carbide coatings are used to meet the conditions of anti-hydrogen corrosion.

A fuel element according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the fuel element 2 of the embodiment of the present invention includes the fuel unit 1 according to any one of the above-mentioned embodiments.

In some embodiments, there are a plurality of fuel units 1, and the plurality of fuel units 1 are sequentially stacked along the thickness direction of the main body 11 to form a fuel element 2, and the first opening 1111 of one of the adjacent two fuel units 1 is connected to the other. The second opening 1121 of the former communicates.

It can be understood that, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the second opening 1121 in one fuel unit 1 of the fuel element 2 in the embodiment of the present invention is adjacent to it and located in the fuel unit 1 below the one fuel unit 1 The first openings 1111 of the two adjacent fuel units 1 communicate with each other so that the connecting passages on the two adjacent fuel units 1 communicate, thereby forming a spiral passage.

The reactor core of the embodiment of the present invention is described below.

The reactor core of the embodiment of the present invention includes the fuel element 2 according to the above-described embodiment.

It can be understood that the fuel unit 1 in the reactor core of the embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. In addition, the fuel element 2 formed by stacking a plurality of fuel units 1 has a spiral channel, which increases the gas flow in the spiral. The paths passed in the shaped pores improve the heat transfer effect of the gas.

Therefore, the fuel element 2 of the reactor core in the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of convenient manufacture and high heat transfer coefficient.

In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Back", "Left", "Right", "Vertical", "Horizontal", "Top", "Bottom", "Inner", "Outer", "Clockwise", "Counterclockwise", "Axial", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the referred device or element Must be in a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; can be mechanically connected, can also be electrically connected or can communicate with each other; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, Unless expressly defined otherwise. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the first and second feature may be in direct contact with the second feature through an intermediary. touch. Moreover, "above", "above" and "above" the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. "Below", "beneath" and "beneath" the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.

As used herein, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific examples," or "some examples" mean specific features, structures, materials, or features described in connection with the embodiment or example. A feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without conflicting with each other.

Although the above-mentioned embodiments have been shown and described, it can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made by those skilled in the art to the above-mentioned embodiments All within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fuel unit, characterized in that, comprising: main body; A first surface and a second surface, the first surface and the second surface are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the main body, a plurality of first openings are provided on the first surface, and a plurality of the first openings at least partially disposed about the central axis of the body, A plurality of second openings are provided on the second surface, at least part of the plurality of second openings are arranged around the central axis of the main body, and the plurality of second openings and the plurality of first openings are one by one. Correspondingly, the thickness direction of the main body is consistent with the extension direction of the central axis of the main body; A plurality of connection channels, the plurality of connection channels correspond to the plurality of the first openings and the plurality of the second openings, the connection channels communicate with the first openings and the second openings, and the The first opening is spaced apart from the second opening in the circumferential direction of the central axis of the main body. 2. The fuel unit according to claim 1, further comprising a central hole, the central hole passing through the first surface and the second surface along the thickness direction of the main body, the central hole The axis coincides with the central axis of the body. 3. The fuel unit according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of said first openings comprises a plurality of first groups, said first groups are arranged around said central hole, and a plurality of said first groups spaced along the radial direction of the central hole; The plurality of second openings includes a plurality of second groups disposed around the central hole, and the plurality of second groups are spaced apart in a radial direction of the central hole. 4. The fuel unit according to claim 1, wherein the central axis of the connecting hole is an arc. 5. The fuel unit according to claim 1, wherein the central axis of the connecting hole is a straight line. 6. The fuel unit according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, the dimension of the main body in the thickness direction is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm. 7. The fuel unit according to claim 6, wherein the radial dimension of the connecting hole is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm, and the number of the first openings is greater than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 50. 8. A fuel element, characterized by comprising the fuel unit according to any one of claims 1-7. 9. The fuel element according to claim 8, wherein there are a plurality of fuel units, and the plurality of fuel units are stacked in sequence along the thickness direction of the main body to form the fuel element, and two adjacent The first opening of one of the fuel elements communicates with the second opening of the other. 10. A reactor core comprising fuel elements according to claim 9.

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