CN115252638A - Preparation method and application of quinoa dietary fiber for improving intestinal inflammation - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of quinoa dietary fiber for improving intestinal inflammation Download PDFInfo
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- CN115252638A CN115252638A CN202210554312.1A CN202210554312A CN115252638A CN 115252638 A CN115252638 A CN 115252638A CN 202210554312 A CN202210554312 A CN 202210554312A CN 115252638 A CN115252638 A CN 115252638A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种改善肠道炎症的藜麦膳食纤维制备方法及应用,属于生物医药领域。所述藜麦膳食纤维作为一种食源性生物活性成分,首次被应用于制备预防和改善溃疡性结肠炎的产品中,可明显改善肠道炎症导致的体重下降、疾病活动指数增加、结肠缩短等结肠炎症状,并可改善结肠结构完整性,抑制结肠细胞凋亡,调节结肠炎肠道菌群的多样性和丰度,为结肠炎的预防和治疗提供了一种新的策略。
The invention provides a preparation method and application of quinoa dietary fiber for improving intestinal inflammation, and belongs to the field of biomedicine. As a food-derived bioactive ingredient, the quinoa dietary fiber is used for the first time in the preparation of products for preventing and improving ulcerative colitis, which can significantly improve weight loss, increased disease activity index, and colon shortening caused by intestinal inflammation. It can improve the structural integrity of the colon, inhibit the apoptosis of colon cells, and regulate the diversity and abundance of the intestinal flora in colitis, providing a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of colitis.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于生物医药领域,涉及一种改善肠道炎症的藜麦膳食纤维制备方法及应用。The invention belongs to the field of biomedicine and relates to a preparation method and application of quinoa dietary fiber for improving intestinal inflammation.
背景技术Background technique
包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病在内的炎症性肠病,是肠道的一种慢性复发性疾病,到目前为止仍没有有效的治疗方法。近年来,全球范围内的溃疡性结肠炎患病率均在增加,在许多曾经被认为是低发病率的发展中国家,其发病率也急剧上升。炎症性肠病的常见病因包括遗传学,免疫反应失调,慢性炎症,肠道菌群失衡(营养不良)和粘膜屏障功能缺陷等。在病理学上,溃疡性结肠炎临床表现为腹痛,腹胀和粘液血便,伴有体重减轻和发热,上腹部充盈不适,疝气,厌食,恶心,呕吐等,且其特征是中性粒细胞明显浸润到结肠中使其发生病变,上皮细胞坏死,粘膜和粘膜下层溃疡,浸润的中性粒细胞会释放活性氧引起局部炎症,并损害屏障功能。正常的肠上皮屏障功能依赖于黏液层的完整性,以及紧密连接蛋白的表达,如果受到破坏,会加重结肠炎。Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a chronic, relapsing disease of the gut for which there is currently no effective treatment. In recent years, the prevalence of ulcerative colitis has increased worldwide and has risen sharply in many developing countries where the incidence was once considered low. Common causes of inflammatory bowel disease include genetics, dysregulated immune response, chronic inflammation, gut microbiota imbalance (dysnutrition), and defective mucosal barrier function, among others. Pathologically, ulcerative colitis is clinically manifested as abdominal pain, abdominal distension and mucus bloody stools, accompanied by weight loss and fever, epigastric filling discomfort, hernia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, etc., and it is characterized by obvious infiltration of neutrophils Into the colon to cause lesions, epithelial cell necrosis, mucosal and submucosa ulceration, infiltrating neutrophils will release reactive oxygen species to cause local inflammation, and damage the barrier function. Normal intestinal epithelial barrier function depends on the integrity of the mucus layer, as well as the expression of tight junction proteins, which, if disrupted, can exacerbate colitis.
肠道微生物是人体最庞大、最复杂的微生态系统,它与溃疡性结肠炎的发生密切相关。肠道微生物与宿主形成共生关系,本身及其代谢产物不仅能调节人体健康,更在膳食和宿主之间起到了重要的桥梁作用,通过促进肠道上皮生长和调节宿主免疫防御来维持宿主的生理健康。当肠道菌群功能失调时,会刺激人体的免疫损伤过程并启动炎症信号通路。饮食干预被证实能够通过调节对粘膜免疫系统的影响和增强肠道菌群多样性来治疗或预防炎症性肠病。现代营养学研究表明,高分子膳食纤维不能被胃和肠道所消化,大部分进入肠道,调控肠道菌群。肠道菌群作为一种新的功能靶点,在调节宿主肠道健康方面发挥了重要作用。Gut microbes are the largest and most complex microecosystem in the human body, and they are closely related to the occurrence of ulcerative colitis. Intestinal microbes form a symbiotic relationship with the host. They and their metabolites not only regulate human health, but also serve as an important bridge between the diet and the host. They maintain the host’s physiology by promoting the growth of the intestinal epithelium and regulating the host’s immune defense. healthy. When gut microbiota is dysfunctional, it stimulates the body's immune-damaging processes and initiates inflammatory signaling pathways. Dietary interventions have been shown to treat or prevent inflammatory bowel disease by modulating effects on the mucosal immune system and enhancing gut microbiota diversity. Modern nutritional studies have shown that high molecular dietary fiber cannot be digested by the stomach and intestines, and most of it enters the intestines to regulate intestinal flora. Gut microbiota, as a novel functional target, plays an important role in modulating host gut health.
藜麦作为一种“类全谷物”,不仅具有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素、矿物质及膳食纤维,而且还富含多种生物活性物质,如皂苷、黄酮、多酚、花青素等,对预防肥胖、心血管疾病、糖尿病和癌症等有很好的预防和辅助治疗作用,而且还具有增强机体免疫力、抗炎、抗氧化等方面的功效。除了具有高营养品质外,藜麦还以无麸质为特征,该特性可以为乳糜泻患者提供更多合适的食品,并提供更多种类的营养品。藜麦种子膳食纤维含量约为13%,其中可溶性纤维可高达总膳食纤维的30%,含量约为4%,高于小麦和玉米等粮食作物,与传统谷物相比具有诸多优势。此外,藜麦膳食纤维具有较高的持水能力、葡萄糖吸收能力和鹅去氧胆酸能力。而藜麦麸皮膳食纤维提取工艺简单,成本低廉,能充分利用谷物加工副产物并提高其附加值;因此有必要探索一种可明显改善肠道炎症导致的肠道菌群失衡等问题的藜麦膳食纤维的应用。As a kind of "whole grain", quinoa is not only rich in protein, amino acid, unsaturated fatty acid, vitamin, mineral and dietary fiber, but also rich in a variety of biologically active substances, such as saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, flower Penicillin, etc. have good preventive and adjuvant therapeutic effects on the prevention of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer, and also have the effects of enhancing the body's immunity, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. In addition to its high nutritional qualities, quinoa is also characterized as being gluten-free, a property that can provide celiac patients with more suitable foods and a wider variety of nutritional supplements. The dietary fiber content of quinoa seeds is about 13%, of which soluble fiber can be as high as 30% of the total dietary fiber, with a content of about 4%, which is higher than grain crops such as wheat and corn, and has many advantages compared with traditional grains. In addition, quinoa dietary fiber has high water holding capacity, glucose absorption capacity and chenodeoxycholic acid capacity. The extraction process of dietary fiber from quinoa bran is simple, low in cost, and can make full use of the by-products of grain processing and increase its added value; therefore, it is necessary to explore a quinoa bran that can significantly improve the intestinal flora imbalance caused by intestinal inflammation. Application of wheat dietary fiber.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术存在的问题,提供了一种改善肠道炎症的藜麦膳食纤维制备方法及应用。本发明通过在藜麦麸皮中提取藜麦膳食纤维,研究了藜麦膳食纤维对肠道炎症、肠道屏障功能障碍、肠道菌群失衡等的调节作用,进一步阐明了藜麦膳食纤维用于改善结肠炎的机制,从而进一步预防炎症性肠病、结肠癌等疾病,具有重要的临床应用意义。Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method and application of quinoa dietary fiber for improving intestinal inflammation. The present invention studies the regulating effect of quinoa dietary fiber on intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier dysfunction, intestinal flora imbalance, etc. by extracting quinoa dietary fiber from quinoa bran, and further clarifies the use of quinoa dietary fiber. It has important clinical application significance to improve the mechanism of colitis, so as to further prevent inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer and other diseases.
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
首先,提供了一种藜麦膳食纤维在制备用于改善肠道炎症产品中的应用,所述藜麦膳食纤维的提取方法包括以下步骤:First of all, an application of quinoa dietary fiber in preparing products for improving intestinal inflammation is provided, and the extraction method of the quinoa dietary fiber includes the following steps:
(1)将藜麦麸皮与MES-tris缓冲液混合均匀后,加入α-淀粉酶在58-62℃下反应,然后加入蛋白酶在38-42℃下反应,再加入淀粉葡萄糖苷酶在58-62℃下反应;(1) Mix quinoa bran and MES-tris buffer evenly, add α-amylase to react at 58-62°C, then add protease to react at 38-42°C, then add amyloglucosidase to react at 58°C React at -62°C;
(2)步骤(1)中的反应完成后,加入三氯乙酸并离心取上清液,将上清液离心、醇沉、透析、干燥后得到藜麦膳食纤维。(2) After the reaction in step (1) is completed, add trichloroacetic acid and centrifuge to get the supernatant, centrifuge the supernatant, alcohol precipitation, dialysis, and dry to obtain the quinoa dietary fiber.
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述藜麦麸皮、α-淀粉酶、蛋白酶、淀粉葡萄糖苷酶的重量比为16-18:2.5-3.5:0.09-0.12:0.35-0.45。Further, the weight ratio of quinoa bran, α-amylase, protease and amyloglucosidase in step (1) is 16-18:2.5-3.5:0.09-0.12:0.35-0.45.
在一些具体的实施方式中,所述藜麦膳食纤维的提取方法包括以下步骤:In some specific embodiments, the extraction method of the quinoa dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1)将17.0g藜麦麸皮粉末与MES-tris缓冲液(0.05M,25℃,pH值6.9)按1g:30mL的比例混合后,在50℃条件下搅拌处理40min;然后,在60℃的水浴条件下加入3gα-淀粉酶(3700U/g),温育30min,以除去淀粉;在40℃水浴条件下加入0.09g中性蛋白酶(6×104U/g)温育30min,以除去蛋白质;最后,在60℃的水浴条件下加入0.4g淀粉葡萄糖苷酶(1×105U/g),温育30min,除去残留淀粉。(1) After mixing 17.0g of quinoa bran powder with MES-tris buffer (0.05M, 25°C, pH 6.9) at a ratio of 1g:30mL, it was stirred at 50°C for 40min; then, at 60°C Add 3g of α-amylase ( 3700U /g) in a water bath at ℃ and incubate for 30min to remove starch; Remove protein; finally, add 0.4 g amyloglucosidase (1×10 5 U/g) in a water bath at 60° C. and incubate for 30 min to remove residual starch.
(2)酶反应结束后,加入10%三氯乙酸室温下过夜,沉降残余蛋白质,然后以3600r/min的速度离心20min除去残留物;上清液用4倍体积的95%乙醇沉淀2h后,以3600r/min的速度离心15min,得到粗藜麦膳食纤维;用丙酮、乙醚和80%乙醇洗涤粗藜麦膳食纤维,除去残留油脂,并使用200Da透析袋透析36h,除去其它杂质;最后在65℃真空干燥箱干燥,得到纯化的藜麦膳食纤维。(2) After the enzyme reaction is over, add 10% trichloroacetic acid overnight at room temperature, settle the residual protein, and then remove the residue by centrifuging at a speed of 3600r/min for 20min; after the supernatant is precipitated with 4 times the volume of 95% ethanol for 2h, Centrifuge at a speed of 3600r/min for 15min to obtain crude quinoa dietary fiber; wash the crude quinoa dietary fiber with acetone, ether and 80% ethanol to remove residual oil, and use a 200Da dialysis bag for 36h to remove other impurities; °C in a vacuum oven to obtain purified quinoa dietary fiber.
进一步地,所述纯化的藜麦膳食纤维的单糖的组成为:甘露糖(0.44wt%)、核糖(0.45wt%)、葡萄糖(78.16wt%)、半乳糖(2.40wt%)、木糖(0.13wt%)、阿拉伯糖(1.52wt%)、岩藻糖(0.51wt%)、葡萄糖醛酸(1.49wt%)、半乳糖醛酸(14.90wt%);分子量为5.57×104Da。Further, the monosaccharide composition of the purified quinoa dietary fiber is: mannose (0.44wt%), ribose (0.45wt%), glucose (78.16wt%), galactose (2.40wt%), xylose (0.13wt%), arabinose (1.52wt%), fucose (0.51wt%), glucuronic acid (1.49wt%), galacturonic acid (14.90wt%); the molecular weight is 5.57×10 4 Da.
进一步地,所述产品为药物、食品、保健品中的任意一种。Further, the product is any one of medicine, food and health care products.
进一步地,所述产品为药物,所述药物包括药学上可接受的载体或辅料,所述载体或辅料均包括稀释剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂中的一种或几种。Further, the product is a medicine, and the medicine includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or adjuvant, and the carrier or adjuvant includes one or more of a diluent, a binder, a disintegrant, and a lubricant.
进一步地,所述稀释剂包括淀粉、微晶纤维素、蔗糖、糊精、乳糖、糖粉、葡萄糖。Further, the diluent includes starch, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, dextrin, lactose, powdered sugar, and glucose.
进一步地,所述粘合剂包括乙醇、淀粉浆、糖浆、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠。Further, the binder includes ethanol, starch slurry, sugar syrup, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium hydroxymethylcellulose, and sodium alginate.
进一步地,所述崩解剂包括酒石酸、低取代羟丙基纤维素。Further, the disintegrating agent includes tartaric acid and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose.
进一步地,所述润滑剂包括硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、氯化钠、油酸钠、泊洛沙母、月桂醇硫酸钠。Further, the lubricant includes magnesium stearate, stearic acid, sodium chloride, sodium oleate, poloxamer, and sodium lauryl sulfate.
进一步地,所述产品为药物时,可以通过口服、注射、喷射、渗透等方法导入机体(如肌肉、皮内、皮下、静脉、粘膜组织)。Furthermore, when the product is a drug, it can be introduced into the body (such as muscle, intradermal, subcutaneous, vein, mucosal tissue) by oral administration, injection, injection, infiltration and other methods.
进一步地,所述产品为用于改善结肠炎导致的体重下降、疾病活动指数增加、结肠缩短的产品。Further, the product is a product for improving body weight loss, disease activity index increase and colon shortening caused by colitis.
进一步地,所述产品为用于改善结肠结构完整性、抑制结肠细胞凋亡的产品。Further, the product is a product for improving the structural integrity of the colon and inhibiting colon cell apoptosis.
进一步地,所述产品为用于抗粘膜屏障功能缺陷的产品。Further, the product is a product for resisting a defect in the mucosal barrier function.
进一步地,所述产品为用于调节肠道菌群失衡的产品。Further, the product is a product for regulating intestinal flora imbalance.
进一步地,所述产品为用于预防和/或治疗肠道炎症等相关疾病的产品。Further, the product is a product for preventing and/or treating related diseases such as intestinal inflammation.
进一步地,所述的疾病包括溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、免疫反应失调、肠道菌群失衡、腹胀和粘液血便、体重减轻和发热、上腹部充盈不适、疝气、厌食、恶心、呕吐、肠上皮细胞坏死,粘膜和粘膜下层溃疡、慢性炎症。Further, the diseases include ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, immune response disorder, intestinal flora imbalance, abdominal distension and mucus and bloody stools, weight loss and fever, abdominal filling discomfort, hernia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting , Necrosis of intestinal epithelial cells, ulceration of mucosa and submucosa, chronic inflammation.
进一步地,所述产品的剂型为口服液、片剂、胶囊剂、注射剂、颗粒剂的任意一种。Further, the dosage form of the product is any one of oral liquid, tablet, capsule, injection and granule.
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)本申请制备的藜麦膳食纤维作为一种活性成分,首次被应用于制备调节炎症反应、抑制细胞凋亡、改善肠道屏障功能障碍的产品中,为预防和/或治疗肠道炎症等相关疾病提供了一种新的策略;(1) The quinoa dietary fiber prepared by this application is used as an active ingredient for the first time in the preparation of products that regulate inflammatory responses, inhibit cell apoptosis, and improve intestinal barrier dysfunction, in order to prevent and/or treat intestinal inflammation and other related diseases provide a new strategy;
(2)本申请制备的藜麦膳食纤维可明显改善肠道炎症导致的肠道菌群失衡等问题,可提高短链脂肪酸的含量,增加肠道菌群的多样性和丰度。(2) The quinoa dietary fiber prepared by the present application can significantly improve the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by intestinal inflammation, increase the content of short-chain fatty acids, and increase the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1:藜麦膳食纤维透射电镜图像;Figure 1: Transmission electron microscope image of quinoa dietary fiber;
图2:(A)体重变化图(初始体重的百分比),*表示差异显著:P<0.05;(B)疾病活动指数(DAI),分数越高表明症状越严重,*表示差异显著:P<0.05;(C)左图为结肠图像,(C)右图为结肠长度定量柱形图;Figure 2: (A) Body weight change graph (percentage of initial body weight), * indicates significant difference: P<0.05; (B) disease activity index (DAI), higher score indicates more severe symptoms, * indicates significant difference: P< 0.05; (C) the left picture is the colon image, (C) the right picture is the quantitative histogram of colon length;
图3:(A)组织病理学定量评分;(B)TUNEL阳性细胞/视野细胞数量的量化柱形图;Figure 3: (A) histopathological quantitative score; (B) quantitative histogram of the number of TUNEL positive cells/field of view cells;
图4:(A)结肠组织中TNF-α的相对蛋白表达;(B)结肠组织中IL-1β的相对蛋白表达;(C)结肠组织中pro-Caspase-1的相对蛋白表达;Figure 4: (A) relative protein expression of TNF-α in colon tissue; (B) relative protein expression of IL-1β in colon tissue; (C) relative protein expression of pro-Caspase-1 in colon tissue;
图5:(A)结肠组织中TNF-α的相对mRNA表达;(B)结肠组织中MCP-1的相对mRNA表达;(C)结肠组织中IL-10的相对mRNA表达;Figure 5: (A) relative mRNA expression of TNF-α in colon tissue; (B) relative mRNA expression of MCP-1 in colon tissue; (C) relative mRNA expression of IL-10 in colon tissue;
图6:(A)血清中TNF-α的相对蛋白表达;(B)血清中IL-1β的相对蛋白表达;Figure 6: (A) relative protein expression of TNF-α in serum; (B) relative protein expression of IL-1β in serum;
图7:(A)结肠组织中MUC2的相对蛋白表达;(B)结肠组织中ZO-1的相对蛋白表达;Figure 7: (A) relative protein expression of MUC2 in colon tissue; (B) relative protein expression of ZO-1 in colon tissue;
图8:结肠组织中MUC2(A),ZO-1(B),Claudin-1(C),Claudin-3(D)和Occludin(E)的相对mRNA表达;Figure 8: Relative mRNA expression of MUC2 (A), ZO-1 (B), Claudin-1 (C), Claudin-3 (D) and Occludin (E) in colon tissue;
图9:小鼠粪便样本肠道微生物群落的α多样性比较;(A)Chao 1物种丰富度指数;(B)Ace物种丰富度指数;(C)Simpson多样性指数;(D)Shannon多样性指数;Figure 9: Comparison of α-diversity of intestinal microbial communities in mouse fecal samples; (A) Chao 1 species richness index; (B) Ace species richness index; (C) Simpson diversity index; (D) Shannon diversity index;
图10:维恩图,重叠部分表明不同处理组小鼠肠道菌群中OTU是相同的;Figure 10: Venn diagram, the overlap shows that the OTUs in the intestinal flora of mice in different treatment groups are the same;
图11:(A)不同处理组之间门水平的肠道菌群结构比较柱形图;(B)不同处理组之间门水平的丰度比较柱状图;Figure 11: (A) Histogram of comparison of intestinal flora structure at phylum level between different treatment groups; (B) Histogram of comparison of abundance at phylum level between different treatment groups;
图12:不同处理组粪便样品中的短链脂肪酸水平;(A)乙酸;(B)丙酸;(C)异丁酸;(D)丁酸;(E)异戊酸;(F)戊酸;Figure 12: Short-chain fatty acid levels in fecal samples from different treatment groups; (A) acetic acid; (B) propionic acid; (C) isobutyric acid; (D) butyric acid; (E) isovaleric acid; acid;
图2-9、11-12中误差棒上方的字母表示:若包括相同字母,表示差异不显著,P≥0.05;若不包括相同字母,表示差异显著,P<0.05;如a与a之间差异不显著,a与ab之间差异不显著,a与b之间差异显著。The letters above the error bars in Figures 2-9 and 11-12 indicate: if the same letters are included, the difference is not significant, P≥0.05; if the same letters are not included, the difference is significant, P<0.05; such as between a and a The difference is not significant, the difference between a and ab is not significant, and the difference between a and b is significant.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
值得说明的是,本发明中使用的原料均为普通市售产品,对其来源不做具体限定。It is worth noting that the raw materials used in the present invention are all common commercially available products, and their sources are not specifically limited.
以下试剂及仪器来源,为示例性说明:藜麦麸皮粉末(青白藜1号,购自青海高远锦禾生态农牧科技有限公司),粪便隐血检测试剂盒(购自翌圣生物科技(上海)股份有限公司),TUNEL细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司)。The following sources of reagents and instruments are illustrative: quinoa bran powder (Qingbai No. 1, purchased from Qinghai Gaoyuan Jinhe Ecological Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd.), fecal occult blood detection kit (purchased from Yisheng Biotechnology (Shanghai) ) Co., Ltd.), TUNEL cell apoptosis detection kit (purchased from Shanghai Biyuntian Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).
实施例1Example 1
建立小鼠模型Create a mouse model
1.材料1. Materials
动物:体重为15-20g的7周龄BALB/c小鼠40只,购自北京大学动物医学部,所有小鼠均为雄性;饲料(AIN-93G rodent diet),藜麦膳食纤维1(QBSDF),藜麦膳食纤维2(QBSDF(L)),自来水(动物房专用水),含2.5%(w/v)葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)的自来水;Animals: 40 7-week-old BALB/c mice weighing 15-20 g were purchased from the Department of Veterinary Medicine of Peking University, all mice were male; feed (AIN-93G rodent diet), quinoa dietary fiber 1 (QBSDF) , quinoa dietary fiber 2 (QBSDF (L)), tap water (special water for animal rooms), tap water containing 2.5% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS);
藜麦膳食纤维1(QBSDF)的提取步骤如下:The extraction steps of quinoa dietary fiber 1 (QBSDF) are as follows:
(1)将17.0g藜麦麸皮粉末与MES-tris缓冲液(0.05M,25℃,pH值6.9)按1g:30mL的比例混合后,在50℃条件下搅拌处理40min。然后,在60℃的水浴条件下加入3gα-淀粉酶(3700U/g),温育30min,以除去淀粉;在40℃水浴条件下加入0.09g中性蛋白酶(6×104U/g)温育30min,以除去蛋白质;最后,在60℃的水浴条件下加入0.4g淀粉葡萄糖苷酶(1×105U/g),温育30min,除去残留淀粉。(1) After mixing 17.0 g of quinoa bran powder with MES-tris buffer solution (0.05 M, 25 °C, pH value 6.9) at a ratio of 1 g: 30 mL, it was stirred at 50 °C for 40 min. Then, add 3g of α-amylase (3700U/g) in a water bath at 60°C and incubate for 30min to remove starch; add 0.09g of neutral protease (6×10 4 U/g) in a water bath at 40°C Incubate for 30 min to remove protein; finally, add 0.4 g amyloglucosidase (1×10 5 U/g) in a water bath at 60° C., and incubate for 30 min to remove residual starch.
(2)酶反应结束后,加入10%三氯乙酸室温下过夜,沉降残余蛋白质,然后以3600r/min的速度离心20min除去残留物。上清液用4倍体积的95%乙醇沉淀2h后,以3600r/min的速度离心15min,得到粗藜麦膳食纤维。用丙酮、乙醚和80%乙醇洗涤粗藜麦膳食纤维,除去残留油脂,并使用200Da透析袋透析36h,除去其它杂质。最后在65℃真空干燥箱干燥,得到纯化的藜麦膳食纤维1(QBSDF),对上述得到的QBSDF进行透射电镜实验,实验结果见图1。(2) After the enzyme reaction, add 10% trichloroacetic acid overnight at room temperature to settle the residual protein, and then centrifuge at 3600r/min for 20min to remove the residue. After the supernatant was precipitated with 4 times the volume of 95% ethanol for 2 hours, it was centrifuged at a speed of 3600 r/min for 15 minutes to obtain the crude quinoa dietary fiber. The crude quinoa dietary fiber was washed with acetone, ether and 80% ethanol to remove residual oil, and was dialyzed for 36 hours using a 200Da dialysis bag to remove other impurities. Finally, it was dried in a vacuum oven at 65° C. to obtain purified quinoa dietary fiber 1 (QBSDF). A transmission electron microscope experiment was performed on the QBSDF obtained above. The experimental results are shown in FIG. 1 .
藜麦膳食纤维2(QBSDF(L))的提取步骤如下:The extraction steps of quinoa dietary fiber 2 (QBSDF(L)) are as follows:
(1)将15.0g藜麦麸皮粉末与MES-tris缓冲液(0.05M,25℃,pH值6.9)按1g:30mL的比例混合后,在50℃条件下搅拌处理40min。然后,在60℃的水浴条件下加入2gα-淀粉酶(3700U/g),温育30min,以除去淀粉;在40℃水浴条件下加入0.15g中性蛋白酶(6×104U/g)温育30min,以除去蛋白质;最后,在60℃的水浴条件下加入0.3g淀粉葡萄糖苷酶(1×105U/g),温育30min,除去残留淀粉。(1) After mixing 15.0 g of quinoa bran powder with MES-tris buffer solution (0.05 M, 25 °C, pH value 6.9) at a ratio of 1 g: 30 mL, it was stirred at 50 °C for 40 min. Then, add 2g of α-amylase (3700U/g) in a water bath at 60°C and incubate for 30min to remove starch; add 0.15g of neutral protease (6×10 4 U/g) in a water bath at 40°C Incubate for 30 min to remove protein; finally, add 0.3 g amyloglucosidase (1×10 5 U/g) in a water bath at 60° C., and incubate for 30 min to remove residual starch.
(2)酶反应结束后,加入10%三氯乙酸室温下过夜,沉降残余蛋白质,然后以3600r/min的速度离心20min除去残留物。上清液用4倍体积的95%乙醇沉淀2h后,以3600r/min的速度离心15min,得到粗藜麦膳食纤维。用丙酮、乙醚和80%乙醇洗涤粗藜麦膳食纤维,除去残留油脂,并使用200Da透析袋透析36h,除去其它杂质。最后在65℃真空干燥箱干燥,得到纯化的藜麦膳食纤维2(QBSDF(L))。(2) After the enzyme reaction, add 10% trichloroacetic acid overnight at room temperature to settle the residual protein, and then centrifuge at 3600r/min for 20min to remove the residue. After the supernatant was precipitated with 4 times the volume of 95% ethanol for 2 hours, it was centrifuged at a speed of 3600 r/min for 15 minutes to obtain the crude quinoa dietary fiber. The crude quinoa dietary fiber was washed with acetone, ether and 80% ethanol to remove residual oil, and was dialyzed for 36 hours using a 200Da dialysis bag to remove other impurities. Finally, it was dried in a vacuum oven at 65° C. to obtain purified quinoa dietary fiber 2 (QBSDF (L)).
饲养条件:标准SPF级环境,温度20-25℃,湿度55%,12h明暗循环,可自由获取食物和水。Breeding conditions: standard SPF grade environment, temperature 20-25°C, humidity 55%, 12h light and dark cycle, free access to food and water.
2.方法2. Method
BALB/c小鼠分为5组,每组8只:BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups with 8 mice in each group:
对照组(CON):摄入普通饲料;Control group (CON): intake of common feed;
藜麦膳食纤维组(QBSDF):摄入普通饲料同时摄入藜麦膳食纤维1;Quinoa dietary fiber group (QBSDF): intake of common feed and intake of quinoa
DSS组(DSS):摄入普通饲料同时摄入2.5%(w/v)DSS的自来水;DSS group (DSS): intake of common feed and tap water with 2.5% (w/v) DSS;
QBSDF和DSS组(DSS+QBSDF):摄入普通饲料同时摄入QBSDF、2.5%(w/v)DSS的自来水;QBSDF and DSS group (DSS+QBSDF): intake of common feed and tap water of QBSDF and 2.5% (w/v) DSS;
QBSDF(L)和DSS组(DSS+QBSDF(L)):摄入普通饲料同时摄入QBSDF(L)、2.5%(w/v)DSS的自来水;QBSDF(L) and DSS group (DSS+QBSDF(L)): Ingest common feed and tap water with QBSDF(L) and 2.5% (w/v) DSS;
小鼠适应一周后分为三组,一组(n=16)接受灌胃QBSDF处理,二组(n=8)接受灌胃QBSDF(L)处理,三组(n=16)接受灌胃自来水(动物房专用水)处理。灌胃小鼠QBSDF或QBSDF(L)的量为1.5g/kg/d。两周后,一组、三组小鼠再随机分为两个亚组,分别让其饮用普通自来水和含有2.5%(w/v)DSS的自来水,二组让其饮用含有2.5%(w/v)DSS的自来水。这五组可分为:空白组(CON,n=8)、只饮用2.5%(w/v)DSS的DSS组(DSS,n=8)、DSS+QBSDF组(DSS+QBSDF,n=8)、只灌胃QBSDF的QBSDF组(QBSDF,n=8)、DSS+QBSDF(L)组(DSS+QBSDF(L),n=8)。CON组和QBSDF组饮用正常自来水,DSS组、DSS+QBSDF组、DSS+QBSDF(L)组饮用含2.5%(w/v)DSS的自来水,7天后所有组小鼠饮用正常自来水,在饮用正常自来水第7天实施安乐死,且小鼠安乐死前禁食12小时。The mice were divided into three groups after one week of acclimatization, one group (n=16) was treated with QBSDF by gavage, the second group (n=8) was treated with QBSDF (L) by gavage, and the third group (n=16) was treated with tap water (Special water for animal room) treatment. The amount of QBSDF or QBSDF (L) administered to mice was 1.5g/kg/d. Two weeks later, one group and three groups of mice were randomly divided into two subgroups, and they were allowed to drink ordinary tap water and tap water containing 2.5% (w/v) DSS respectively, and the second group was allowed to drink water containing 2.5% (w/v) v) Tap water for DSS. These five groups can be divided into: blank group (CON, n=8), DSS group (DSS, n=8) drinking only 2.5% (w/v) DSS, DSS+QBSDF group (DSS+QBSDF, n=8 ), the QBSDF group (QBSDF, n=8), the DSS+QBSDF(L) group (DSS+QBSDF(L), n=8). CON group and QBSDF group drank normal tap water, DSS group, DSS+QBSDF group, DSS+QBSDF(L) group drank tap water containing 2.5% (w/v) DSS, and after 7 days, mice in all groups drank normal tap water. Euthanasia was performed with tap water on
实施例2Example 2
结肠炎小鼠的失重率、疾病活动指数(DAI)值和结肠长度检测实验:Weight loss rate, disease activity index (DAI) value and colon length detection experiment of colitis mice:
DAI值是通过小鼠的失重率(0-4分),粪便稠稀情况(0-4分)和血便情况(0-4分)三个方面进行评估分析的。DAI分数是在DSS诱导和恢复期间被记录评分的。小鼠粪便的血便情况由粪便隐血检测试剂盒检测。如图2所示,藜麦膳食纤维1(QBSDF)摄入显著改善了小鼠体重减轻,DAI评分增加和结肠缩短情况,而藜麦膳食纤维2(QBSDF(L))对以上三种情况的改善效果相对较差,表明制备得到的QBSDF对BALB/c小鼠的结肠炎症状具有显著的改善作用。因此,实施例3-7的检测实验不再研究DSS+QBSDF(L)。The DAI value is evaluated and analyzed through three aspects: the weightlessness rate of the mice (0-4 points), the thick and thin stool (0-4 points) and the bloody stool (0-4 points). DAI scores were scored during DSS induction and recovery. The blood in feces of mice was detected by fecal occult blood detection kit. As shown in Figure 2, the intake of quinoa dietary fiber 1 (QBSDF) significantly improved the mice's weight loss, DAI score increase and colon shortening, while quinoa dietary fiber 2 (QBSDF(L)) had no effect on the above three conditions. The improvement effect was relatively poor, indicating that the prepared QBSDF had a significant improvement effect on the colitis symptoms of BALB/c mice. Therefore, the detection experiments of Examples 3-7 no longer study DSS+QBSDF(L).
实验例3Experimental example 3
结肠损伤和结肠细胞凋亡情况检测实验:Colon injury and colon cell apoptosis detection experiment:
采用组织病理学评分分析结肠损伤和TUNEL细胞凋亡检测试剂盒分析结肠细胞凋亡情况。Colonic injury was analyzed by histopathological score and colonic cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL cell apoptosis detection kit.
如图3所示,QBSDF摄入显著改善了DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎的组织病理学评分的升高,此外,QBSDF干预显著降低了结肠上皮TUNEL阳性细胞数量。这表明,藜麦膳食纤维能显著减少结肠上皮细胞凋亡,对结肠炎症有显著的改善作用。As shown in Fig. 3, QBSDF ingestion significantly ameliorated the increase of histopathological score of DSS-induced colitis in mice, and in addition, QBSDF intervention significantly reduced the number of colonic epithelial TUNEL-positive cells. This shows that quinoa dietary fiber can significantly reduce the apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells and significantly improve colonic inflammation.
实施例4Example 4
结肠炎症蛋白和基因表达的检测:Detection of colonic inflammatory proteins and gene expression:
检测方法:采用Western blotting检测结肠组织炎症相关(TNF-α、1L-1β、pro-Caspase-1)蛋白的表达,采用qRT-PCR检测结肠炎相关基因(TNF-α、MCP-1、1L-10),采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定血清中TNF-α和IL-1β的表达。每组采用八个平行实验并取均值。Detection method: Western blotting was used to detect the expression of inflammation-related (TNF-α, 1L-1β, pro-Caspase-1) proteins in colon tissue, and qRT-PCR was used to detect colitis-related genes (TNF-α, MCP-1, 1L- 10), using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum. Eight parallel experiments were performed in each group and the mean value was taken.
如图4、6所示,QBSDF摄入显著改善了结肠炎小鼠炎症蛋白IL-1β、TNF-α、pro-Caspase-1表达水平的提高,且降低了血清中IL-1β、TNF-α的蛋白表达量;如图5所示,在DSS组,TNF-α和MCP-1的基因表达量显著增加,在QBSDF干预下,TNF-α和MCP-1表达水平显著降低。这表明,QBSDF可以直接抑制炎症因子的表达,并通过促进抑炎因子IL-10的表达,来抑制IL-1β、TNF-α等肠道炎症因子的分泌(如图6)来达到改善结肠炎的作用。As shown in Figures 4 and 6, QBSDF intake significantly improved the expression levels of inflammatory proteins IL-1β, TNF-α, and pro-Caspase-1 in mice with colitis, and reduced the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum. Protein expression; as shown in Figure 5, in the DSS group, the gene expression levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 were significantly increased, and under the intervention of QBSDF, the expression levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 were significantly reduced. This shows that QBSDF can directly inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors, and by promoting the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, it can inhibit the secretion of intestinal inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and TNF-α (as shown in Figure 6) to improve colitis role.
实施例5Example 5
结肠粘膜紧密连接蛋白和基因表达检测:Colonic mucosa tight junction protein and gene expression detection:
检测方法:采用Western blotting检测结肠粘膜紧密连接蛋白的表达。将结肠组织进行裂解提取蛋白,对蛋白变性处理后进行SDS-PAGE电泳分离目标蛋白,使用抗体与目标蛋白结合,使用凝胶成像仪对目标蛋白进行显色并采用image lab定量。每组采用八个平行并取均值。采用qRT-PCR检测结肠紧密连接蛋白相关基因(Claudin-1,Claudin-3,MUC2,ZO-1,Occludin)的表达。Detection method: Western blotting was used to detect the expression of tight junction protein in colonic mucosa. The colon tissue was lysed to extract the protein, the protein was denatured, and the target protein was separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, the antibody was used to bind the target protein, and the target protein was developed with a gel imager and quantified by image lab. Eight replicates were used for each group and the mean value was taken. The expression of colonic tight junction protein-related genes (Claudin-1, Claudin-3, MUC2, ZO-1, Occludin) was detected by qRT-PCR.
如图7所示,QBSDF摄入显著改善了DSS诱导结肠炎小鼠结肠组织MUC2和ZO-1蛋白表达的降低;如图8所示,DSS组结肠粘膜紧密连接蛋白相关基因包括Claudin-1,Claudin-3,MUC2,ZO-1,Occludin的表达显著降低。在QBSDF干预下,Claudin-1,Claudin-3,MUC2,ZO-1,Occludin表达水平显著提高。这表明,QBSDF显著改善了DSS处理后小鼠结肠的相关保护上皮组织的黏蛋白和基因表达降低,从而起到保护肠道的作用。As shown in Figure 7, QBSDF intake significantly improved the reduction of MUC2 and ZO-1 protein expression in the colon tissue of DSS-induced colitis mice; The expressions of Claudin-3, MUC2, ZO-1, Occludin were significantly decreased. Under the intervention of QBSDF, the expression levels of Claudin-1, Claudin-3, MUC2, ZO-1 and Occludin were significantly increased. This indicated that QBSDF significantly improved the mucin and gene expression reduction in the relevant protective epithelial tissues of the mouse colon after DSS treatment, thereby playing a role in protecting the gut.
实施例6Example 6
肠道菌群结构组成检测:Detection of the structure and composition of intestinal flora:
检测方法:采用16S rRNA基因测序分析小鼠肠道菌群,使用Trimmomatic软件的原始测序序列进行质量控制,FLASH软件进行拼接。使用的UPARSE软件(version 7.1http://drive5.com/uparse/),根据97%的相似度对序列进行OTU聚类并剔除嵌合体。利用RDPclassifier(http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/)对每条序列进行物种分类注释,比对Silva数据库(SSU128),设置比对阈值为70%。Detection method: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the intestinal flora of mice, the original sequencing sequence of Trimmomatic software was used for quality control, and FLASH software was used for splicing. The UPARSE software (version 7.1 http://drive5.com/uparse/) used was used to perform OTU clustering on sequences based on a 97% similarity and remove chimeras. RDPclassifier (http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/) was used to annotate the species classification of each sequence, compared to the Silva database (SSU128), and the comparison threshold was set to 70%.
如图9所示,QBSDF显著改善了DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群多样性和丰度的降低。QBSDF干预组Chao 1、Ace和Shannon指数较DSS组显著增加,Simpson指数显著减少。如图10所示,QBSDF组、DSS组和DSS+QBSDF组与对照组共有的OTU数目分别为792、629、687,表明藜麦膳食纤维对结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群多样性减少有显著的改善作用。如图11所示,QBSDF显著增加了Firmicutes和Patescibacteria菌门的丰度,显著减少了Bacteroidetes和Epsilonbacteraeota菌门的丰度。藜麦膳食纤维可调节炎症小鼠关键菌群向正常比例变化,这表明藜麦膳食纤维能改善肠道菌群结构和肠道微环境,对肠道屏障有一定的保护作用。As shown in Figure 9, QBSDF significantly ameliorated the decrease in the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in DSS-induced colitis mice. Compared with the DSS group,
实施例7Example 7
肠道短链脂肪酸含量分析检测:Analysis and detection of intestinal short-chain fatty acid content:
检测方法:采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定粪便中短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的水平。取小鼠粪便样本(0.1g)溶解在1毫升蒸馏水中,加入0.5mL硫酸(体积分数50%)处理10min。混合物与2mL乙醚混合,在冰上萃取30min,并离心收集上层清液用于GC-MS分析。Detection method: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to measure the level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces. Take a mouse feces sample (0.1 g) and dissolve it in 1 ml of distilled water, add 0.5 mL of sulfuric acid (
如图12所示,DSS显著降低了结肠炎小鼠乙酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸的含量,而QBSDF显著提高了乙酸和丁酸的含量,这表明藜麦膳食纤维可以通过增加短链脂肪酸的生成改善肠道炎症。As shown in Figure 12, DSS significantly decreased the content of acetic acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid and valeric acid in colitis mice, while QBSDF significantly increased the content of acetic acid and butyric acid, which indicated that quinoa dietary fiber could increase short-chain Fatty acid production improves intestinal inflammation.
最后应当说明的是,以上内容仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的简单修改或者等同替换,均不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent replacements to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art will not depart from the present invention. The essence and scope of the technical solution of the invention.
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