CN115246745B - High-temperature-resistant composite component aerogel material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-temperature-resistant composite component aerogel material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a nano oxide dispersion liquid; uniformly mixing the oxide dispersion liquid and the adsorbent through high-speed shearing stirring and ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed solution; putting the solution in a closed container for high-temperature hydrothermal reaction to obtain a semisolid gel block; and then carrying out low-density silica sol precursor dipping treatment, aging and drying, then carrying out a heat treatment process, and then carrying out a chemical vapor deposition process and carrying out pyrolysis to prepare the high-temperature-resistant composite component aerogel material. The preparation method can obtain the high-temperature-resistant composite component aerogel material with the temperature resistance of more than 1600 ℃ and high toughness.

Description

A kind of high temperature resistant composite component airgel material and its preparation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of airgel preparation, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant composite component airgel material and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Nanoporous airgel (airgel for short) material is a kind of gel material whose dispersion medium is gas. It is a nanoporous solid material with a network structure composed of colloidal particles or polymer molecules. The size of the pores in the material is on the order of nanometers. Its porosity is as high as 80-99.8%, the typical size of the pores is 1-100nm, the specific surface area is 200-1000m ² /g, the density can be as low as 3kg/m ³ , and the thermal conductivity at room temperature can be as low as 0.012W/m·k . It is precisely because of these characteristics that airgel materials have broad application potential in thermal, acoustic, optical, microelectronics, and particle detection. At present, the most widely used field of aerogel is still the field of heat insulation, because the unique nanostructure of aerogel can effectively reduce convective conduction, solid phase conduction and thermal radiation.

Most of the traditional airgel materials are pearl necklace-like structures piled up by nanoparticles. The airgel materials with this structure are brittle, and wire reinforcement is required to achieve structural strengthening in practical applications. The use of wire reinforcement can effectively improve the structural strength of airgel. However, the existing RTM process of pressure injection has requirements on the thickness and shape of the material. Large-sized and thick materials often have internal defects. Nanowire airgel is a new type of airgel material. With nanowires as the basic unit, a three-dimensional network structure with high specific surface area can be obtained by overlapping and winding each other. Compared with traditional pearl necklace-like airgel materials, nanowire airgel has improved structural strength and reduced process complexity, which can solve the powder dropping problem of traditional airgel materials. In addition, the three-dimensional network skeleton of the material has good toughness, and can be machined with various shapes and high precision, and the material forming is not limited by thickness, size and shape.

However, the preparation methods of oxide nanowires or nanowires often rely on solvothermal method or electrospinning, and the prepared nanowires or nanowire components are often amorphous oxides. This means that they will undergo crystal transformation at a certain temperature, and the general crystal transformation temperature is above 1000; the crystal transformation process will be accompanied by structural collapse or agglomeration, which will affect the microscopic morphology of the airgel. With the development of aircraft, higher requirements are put forward for the temperature resistance of heat insulation materials, and the temperature resistance of existing materials can no longer meet the requirements. glue material.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a composite component airgel material with high toughness and high temperature resistance and a preparation method thereof.

In the present invention, the steps of micron-wire in-situ growth gel, low-density silica sol precursor doping and chemical vapor phase carbon deposition are designed, and through the heat treatment process, the aluminum oxide nanowire is transformed into a more dense micron wire with an outer coating. The temperature-resistant alpha phase, while the outer shell transforms into the more temperature-resistant silicon carbide phase. Utilizing the high strength and toughness of the core-shell structure nanowires and high-temperature components, the invention can realize the preparation of airgel materials with a temperature resistance above 1600°C.

In the first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-temperature-resistant composite component airgel material with a temperature resistance exceeding 1600°C and high strength and toughness. The method includes the following steps:

(1) Aluminum oxide nanopowder and acidic solution are mixed in deionized water to obtain a mixed solution;

(2) placing the mixed solution in an airtight container for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a semi-solid gel block;

(3) placing the gel block in a low-density silica sol precursor solution for immersion treatment, sealing the gel block after the immersion treatment, and performing aging treatment;

(4) subjecting the aged gel block to a solvent replacement process and a supercritical drying step to obtain a nanowire composite airgel material;

(5) heat-treating the prepared nanowire composite airgel material;

(6) Carry out chemical vapor deposition to the nanowire composite airgel material after heat treatment;

(7) The nanowire composite airgel material processed by chemical vapor deposition is subjected to high temperature cracking to obtain a high temperature resistant composite component airgel material.

Preferably, in step (1), the aluminum oxide nanopowder and the acidic solution are mixed in deionized water, and a mixed solution is obtained by stirring and ultrasonication.

Preferably, the specific steps of step (1) are: dissolving aluminum oxide nanopowder with a diameter of 10-100nm in water, adding 0.1-30mmol/L sulfuric acid solution accounting for 1% of the total solution mass (wherein the total solution refers to the oxidation Aluminum nano-powder, water, sulfuric acid these three together form the solution), obtain the mixed solution by stirring and ultrasonic, the mass fraction of nano-powder in the mixed solution is 5%-20%, adding diameter is 2-10μm, and length is 3 -5mm fiber loose cotton, in a high-speed disperser, disperse for 5-120min at a speed of 1000-8000r/min.

Preferably, in step (2), the above mixed solution is placed in an airtight container for hydrothermal reaction at 150-300° C. for 1-48 hours to obtain a semi-solid gel block.

Preferably, the specific steps of step (2) are as follows: the reaction needs to be carried out under fully airtight conditions, and the material of the container needs to be guaranteed not to react with the polymer material of the system.

Preferably, in step (3), the above-mentioned gel block is placed in a low-density silica sol precursor solution, soaked for 6-72 hours, and then the block is placed in a container and sealed, and aged in an oven at 90°C for 2-48 hours.

Preferably, the specific steps of step (3) are: the gel piece of step (2) is placed in the low-density silica sol precursor solution (solid content 2-10%) that configures and soaks 6-72h, then according to 100 : Add 0.5-2mol/L ammonium fluoride solution as a catalyst in the ratio of 4, mix for 1-24h, and carry out gel reaction.

Preferably, the specific steps of step (4) are: the solvent replacement uses ethanol as the solvent, and after the replacement is performed 3 times according to 10 times the volume of the gel block, a carbon dioxide supercritical drying process is performed. The temperature of supercritical drying is 20-60°C and the pressure is 10-16Mpa.

Preferably, step (5) heat-treats the nanowire composite airgel material prepared in step (4), the treatment regime is under air atmosphere, the treatment temperature is 1000-1200°C, and the treatment time is 0.5-2h.

Preferably, step (6) performs chemical vapor deposition on the nanowire composite airgel material prepared in step (5), the conditions are propane (flow rate of 0.2-2m ³ /h) and argon (flow rate of 0.2-2m ³ /h) mixed gas, the deposition time is 0-10h, and the deposition temperature is 900-1200°C.

Preferably, in step (7), the nanowire composite airgel material obtained in step (6) is placed in nitrogen (or argon, argon-hydrogen mixed gas) for 0.2-48h, and the temperature is 1200-1600°C.

Through the above steps, the preparation of a high temperature resistant composite component airgel material is realized.

The second aspect of the present invention provides a high temperature resistant composite component airgel material prepared by the preparation method described in the first aspect of the present invention.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

(1) Compared with the traditional pearl necklace-like airgel material, the present invention has better mechanical strength, and the microstructure is composed of intertwined nanowires, and the nanowires are bound through the chemical vapor deposition process, which effectively improves the material strength. structural strength.

(2) The density of the airgel material prepared by the present invention can be as low as 0.16g/cm ³ , which has the characteristics of ultra-low density compared with other low-density airgel materials with the same strength.

(3) The gelation process in the preparation method of the airgel of the present invention is a hydrothermal process, which is different from the traditional RTM pressure injection process, and is not limited by the shape and size of the reinforcement, and can prepare aerogels of any shape and thickness glue material.

(4) The airgel material obtained from the gel, post-treatment process to supercritical drying in the preparation process of the present invention does not have any size shrinkage, and the net size molding of the product can be realized, avoiding the cost and cycle increase caused by the mechanical processing process The problem.

(5) After the hydrothermal reaction is set in the present invention, the post-treatment process of the gel block is aimed at growing a silicon oxide layer inside the nanowire gel block, and the silicon oxide layer can form a more temperature-resistant structure with carbon in the subsequent sintering process. The silicon carbide phase improves the overall strength and temperature resistance of the material.

(6) Unlike the preparation of high-temperature-resistant airgel thermal insulation materials by doping and modification, the present invention proposes to prepare structurally stable airgel materials for high-temperature-resistant and efficient thermal insulation applications by self-supporting nanowires. An improved method is more feasible. Among them, self-support means that the unique microstructure of the material can make the material have a certain strength without the need for additional supports.

(7) The present invention uses silicon dioxide and carbon to coat alumina nanowires in the preparation process, and under the physical barrier and shape fixation of silicon dioxide and carbon, the transformation from the gamma phase to the alpha phase is completed, avoiding Structural collapse during crystal transformation. After high-temperature treatment, the composite components can form alpha alumina phase and silicon carbide phase, which are more temperature-resistant phases, which can effectively improve the temperature resistance of the material.

(8) The present invention can use the water phase as the reaction medium, avoiding environmental pollution and waste caused by the use of organic solvents during the preparation process.

(9) On the premise of maintaining a low thermal conductivity of less than 0.029W/m.K, the airgel material prepared by the method of the present invention also has excellent high temperature resistance, and can realize long-term heat insulation applications at 1600°C.

(10) The airgel prepared by the method of the present invention contains a uniformly dispersed silicon carbide component, which has a good anti-radiation effect and is beneficial to improving the heat insulation performance of the material at high temperature.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of the preparation scheme of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the airgel prepared in the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-temperature-resistant composite component airgel material, the process of which is shown in Figure 1, and the structure of the product obtained in each step is shown in Figure 2, and the method includes the following steps:

(1) Mix aluminum oxide nanopowder and acidic solution in deionized water, and obtain a mixed solution by stirring (high-speed shear stirring) and ultrasound.

The specific steps are: dissolving aluminum oxide nanopowder with a diameter of 10-100nm in water, adding 0.1-30mmol/L sulfuric acid solution of 1% of the total solution mass, and the mass fraction of nanopowder in the mixed solution is 5%-20% , add fiber loose cotton with a diameter of 2-10μm and a length of 3-5mm, and disperse in a high-speed disperser at a speed of 1000-8000r/min for 5-120min.

Among them, alumina nanopowder is used as adsorbent, and fiber loose cotton is used as reinforcement. The fiber loose cotton refers to the short tangent wire, the length and diameter of the wire are relatively small, and there is no obvious overlapping structure between the wires, and its function is to toughen the nanowire airgel to a certain extent.

(2) Put the above mixed solution in an airtight container for hydrothermal reaction at 150-300° C. for 1-48 hours to obtain a semi-solid gel block. As shown in Figure 2, alumina nanowire airgel was obtained through this step.

The specific steps are: the reaction needs to be carried out under fully airtight conditions, and the material of the container needs to be a polymer material that does not react with the system.

(3) Place the above-mentioned gel block in a low-density silica sol precursor solution for immersion treatment, soak for 6-72 hours, then place the block in a container and seal it, and age in an oven at 90°C for 2-48 hours.

Among them, the specific steps of impregnation treatment are: place the gel block in step 2 in the prepared low-density silica sol precursor solution (solid content 2-10%) for 6-72h, and then add 0.5-2mol/L ammonium fluoride solution is used as a catalyst, mixed for 1-24h to carry out gel reaction. Among them, the function of the ammonium fluoride solution is to promote the condensation of the low-density silica sol precursor, so that the silicon dioxide is uniformly coated on the surface of the nanowire.

(4) The treated gel block obtained in step (3) is subjected to a solvent replacement process and a supercritical drying step to prepare a nanowire composite airgel material.

The specific steps are as follows: ethanol is used as solvent for solvent replacement, 10 times the volume of the gel block is replaced three times, and then carbon dioxide supercritical drying process is carried out. The temperature of supercritical drying is 20-60°C and the pressure is 10-16Mpa.

As shown in FIG. 2 , silicon coating is achieved through steps (3) and (4), and a silica-amorphous alumina nanowire aerogel is obtained.

(5) Carry out heat treatment on the above-mentioned airgel, the treatment system is under air atmosphere, the treatment temperature is 1000-1200°C, and the treatment time is 0.5-2h. As shown in Figure 2, the silica-gamma alumina nanowire airgel was obtained through this step.

(6) Chemical vapor deposition treatment is carried out on the prepared airgel, the condition is a mixed gas of propane (flow rate of 0.2-2m ³ /h) and argon (0.2-2m ³ /h), and the deposition time is 0-10h, The deposition temperature is 900-1200°C. As shown in Figure 2, the carbon-silica-gamma alumina nanowire airgel was obtained through this step.

(7) Crack the airgel material obtained in step 6 in nitrogen (or argon, argon-hydrogen mixed gas) for 0.2-48 hours at a temperature of 1200-1600°C. As shown in Figure 2, silicon carbide-silicon dioxide-alpha alumina nanowire airgel was obtained through this step.

In the second aspect, the present invention provides a high temperature resistant composite component airgel material, through the above steps, the preparation of a high temperature resistant composite component airgel material is realized.

The present invention will be further described below by means of examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1

(1) Mix the aluminum oxide nanopowder and the acidic solution in deionized water, and obtain a mixed solution by stirring and ultrasonication.

The specific steps are: dissolving aluminum oxide nanopowder with a diameter of 10-15nm in water, adding 10mmol/L sulfuric acid solution accounting for 1% of the total solution mass, and obtaining a mixed solution by stirring and ultrasonication, the mass of the nanopowder in the mixed solution The score is 8%. , add fiber loose cotton with a diameter of 7 μm and a length of 3-5 mm, and disperse for 30 minutes at a speed of 5000 r/min in a high-speed disperser.

(2) Put the above mixed solution in an airtight container for hydrothermal reaction at 230 °C for 5 hours to obtain a semi-solid gel block.

The specific steps are: the reaction needs to be carried out under fully airtight conditions, and the material of the container needs to be a polymer material that does not react with the system.

(3) Place the above-mentioned gel block in the low-density silica sol precursor solution, soak for 24 hours, then add the catalyst, mix evenly, place the block in a container and seal it, and age in an oven at 90°C for 24 hours.

The specific steps are: configure the low-density silica sol precursor (solid content 5%); after the gel block is completely impregnated, add 1.5mol/L ammonium fluoride solution as a catalyst in a ratio of 100:4, and mix for 2 hours. Immerse the gel piece in the solution so that the liquid surface covers the gel piece.

(4) subjecting the treated gel block obtained in step (3) to a solvent replacement process and a supercritical drying step to obtain a high temperature resistant composite component airgel material;

The specific steps are as follows: ethanol is used as solvent for solvent replacement, 10 times the volume of the gel block is replaced three times, and then carbon dioxide supercritical drying process is carried out. The temperature of supercritical drying is 50°C and the pressure is 14Mpa.

(5) Carry out heat treatment on the above-mentioned airgel, the treatment system is under air atmosphere, the treatment temperature is 1100°C, and the treatment time is 0.5h.

(6) Carry out chemical vapor deposition to the prepared airgel, the condition is propane (flow rate is 1.0m ³ /h) and argon (1.3m ³ /h) mixed gas, deposition time is 2h, deposition temperature is 1020 ℃.

(8) The airgel material obtained in step 6 is placed in nitrogen (or argon, argon-hydrogen mixed gas) for 2 hours and the temperature is 1400°C.

The airgel material prepared in Example 1 has good structural strength. The heat insulation performance test of the high temperature resistant composite component airgel material prepared in Example 1 shows that the surface of the airgel material has no loss of gloss, no discoloration, No shedding, other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 2

Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that during the preparation of the nano-dispersion in step 1, 0.5% of the total solution mass and 10 mmol/L sulfuric acid solution are added.

The nano-airgel material prepared in Example 2 was tested, and its strength was weak and there was pulverization. Other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 3

Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that during the preparation of the nano-dispersion in step 1, 10 mmol/L sulfuric acid solution with 20% of the total solution mass is added.

The nano-airgel material prepared in Example 3 was tested, and its strength was weak and there was pulverization. Other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 4

Example 4 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the temperature in the hydrothermal reaction in step 2 is 200° C., and a nano airgel material is prepared.

The nano-airgel material prepared in Example 4 was tested, and its strength was weak, and there was pulverization, and other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 5

Example 5 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: the hydrothermal reaction time in step 2 is 3 hours, and the nano airgel material is prepared.

The nano-airgel material prepared in Example 5 was tested, and it was found that the strength of the airgel was weak and there was pulverization. Other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 6

Example 6 is basically the same as Example 1, except that step 3 is not carried out, and a high temperature resistant composite component airgel material is obtained.

The airgel material prepared in Example 6 was tested, and it was found that the airgel could maintain structural integrity, and other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 7

Example 7 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the solvent replacement process in step 4 is not performed, and the nanowire airgel material is prepared.

The nanowire airgel material prepared in Example 7 was tested, and it was found that the airgel was pulverized and difficult to form. Other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 8

Example 8 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the supercritical drying process in step 4 is not carried out, but is changed to normal pressure drying to obtain a nanowire airgel composite material.

The nanowire airgel material prepared in Example 8 was tested, and its shrinkage was large and its density was high. Other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 9

Example 9 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the heat treatment process in step 5 is not performed, and the nanowire airgel material is prepared.

The nanowire airgel composite material prepared in Example 9 was tested, and it has no pulverization, no shrinkage and good formability, and other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 10

Example 10 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the vapor phase deposition process in step 6 is not performed, and a nanowire airgel material is prepared.

The nanowire airgel composite material prepared in Example 10 was tested and found to have no pulverization, no shrinkage and good formability, and other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 11

Example 11 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the vapor deposition process time in step 6 is 24 hours, and the nanowire airgel material is obtained.

The nanowire airgel composite material prepared in Example 11 was tested and found to have no pulverization, no shrinkage and good formability, and other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 12

Example 12 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the high-temperature cracking process in step 7 is not carried out to obtain a nanowire airgel material.

The nanowire airgel composite material prepared in Example 12 was tested and found to have no pulverization, no shrinkage and good formability, and other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 13

Example 13 is basically the same as Example 1, except that a 0.1 mmol/L sulfuric acid solution accounting for 1% of the total solution mass is added to the reaction system in step 1 to prepare a nanowire airgel material.

The nanowire airgel composite material prepared in Example 13 was tested, and the material was pulverized and poor in formability, and other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 14

Example 14 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the immersion time of the gel block in step 3 in the low-density silica sol precursor solution (solid content 10%) is 72h, and the nanowire airgel is obtained Material.

The nanowire airgel composite material prepared in Example 14 was tested, and it was not pulverized and had good formability, and other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 15

Example 15 is basically the same as Example 1, except that a 2 mol/L ammonium fluoride solution is added to the reaction system in step 3 as a catalyst to prepare a nanowire airgel material.

The nanowire airgel composite material prepared in Example 15 was tested, and it was not pulverized and had good formability, and other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Example 16

Example 16 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the deposition time in step 6 is 10 hours, and the nanowire airgel material is obtained.

The nanowire airgel composite material prepared in Example 16 was tested, and it was not pulverized and had good formability, and other performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

Comparative examples 1 to 3:

Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were prepared according to the methods of Examples 1 and 2 in CN108249901A, that is, the airgel materials were prepared through the following steps in sequence: sol preparation, nanocrystal self-assembly process, gel and aging, solvent replacement, supercritical drying, heat treatment process.

Comparative Example 3 was prepared according to the method of Example 1 in CN110282958A, that is, the airgel material was prepared through the following steps in sequence: preparation of special-shaped nanocrystal dispersion liquid, special-shaped nanocrystal self-assembly process, gelation reaction process, aging process, drying process and post-processing.

Table 1: Performance indicators of the high-temperature-resistant composite component airgel materials prepared in each embodiment and the high-temperature-resistant airgel materials of the comparative examples

Among them, "—" indicates that relevant data cannot be obtained.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a preparation method of high temperature resistant composite component airgel material, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: Mixing alumina nano powder and acidic solution in deionized water to obtain a mixed solution; The mixed solution is placed in a closed container for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a semi-solid gel block; placing the gel block in a low-density silica sol precursor solution for impregnation, sealing the impregnated gel block, and performing aging treatment; Performing a solvent replacement process and a supercritical drying step on the aged gel block to prepare a nanowire composite airgel material; Carrying out heat treatment to the prepared nanowire composite airgel material; Carrying out chemical vapor deposition treatment on the nanowire composite airgel material after heat treatment; The nanowire composite airgel material processed by chemical vapor deposition is pyrolyzed to obtain a high temperature resistant composite component airgel material; Said mixing the alumina nano powder and the acidic solution in deionized water to obtain the mixed solution includes: dissolving the alumina nano powder with a diameter of 10-100 nm in deionized water, adding 0.1-30 mmol of 1% of the total solution mass /L of sulfuric acid solution, the mixed solution is obtained by stirring and ultrasonic, the mass fraction of nano powder in the mixed solution is 5%-20%, and then adding fiber loose cotton with a diameter of 2-10μm and a length of 3-5mm, at high speed In the disperser, disperse for 5-120min at a speed of 1000-8000r/min. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrothermal reaction is performed at 150-300° C. for 1-48 hours by placing the mixed solution in an airtight container. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said placing the gel block in the low-density silica sol precursor solution for immersion treatment comprises: placing the gel block in the low-density silica sol precursor solution 6-72h, then add 0.5-2mol/L ammonium fluoride solution as a catalyst, mix for 1-24h, and carry out gel reaction. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aging treatment is an aging treatment in an oven at 90° C. for 2-48 hours. 5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described gel block after aging treatment is carried out solvent replacement process and supercritical drying step, wherein solvent replacement adopts ethanol as solvent, according to 10% of gel block volume After three times of replacement, the carbon dioxide supercritical drying process is carried out; the supercritical drying temperature is 20-60°C, and the pressure is 10-16Mpa. 6 . The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that, the treatment regime of the heat treatment is under an air atmosphere, the treatment temperature is 1000-1200° C., and the treatment time is 0.5-2 hours. 7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the chemical vapor deposition process uses a mixed gas of propane and argon, the deposition time is 0-10 h, and the deposition temperature is 900-1200° C. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the high temperature cracking is cracking in nitrogen, argon, or argon-hydrogen mixed gas for 0.2-48h at a temperature of 1200-1600°C. 9. The high temperature resistant composite component airgel material prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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