CN115231834B - Radiation refrigeration glass design method with bidirectional regulation and control of internal and external radiation characteristics - Google Patents
Radiation refrigeration glass design method with bidirectional regulation and control of internal and external radiation characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910021649 silver-doped titanium dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004476 mid-IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
- C03C17/366—Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/38—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal at least one coating being a coating of an organic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of radiation refrigeration Glass with bidirectional regulation and control of internal and external radiation characteristics, which takes TiO 2/Ag/TiO2 as a reflecting layer and is marked as NIR, PDMS as an emitting layer, and for indoor buildings without or with closed refrigeration systems, the structure of the radiation refrigeration Glass is PDMS/NIR/Glass in sequence from outside to inside, and for indoor buildings with open refrigeration systems, the structure of the radiation refrigeration Glass is PDMS/Glass/NIR in sequence from outside to inside. According to the invention, radiation refrigeration glass with different structures is designed according to the relative change of indoor and outdoor environments, and the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumption of a building is realized to the maximum extent through bidirectional regulation and control of the radiation characteristics of the inner side and the outer side.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radiation refrigeration, and particularly relates to a radiation refrigeration glass design method with bidirectional regulation and control of internal and external radiation characteristics.
Background
Refrigeration is an indispensable requirement in production and life, and most traditional cooling systems used for buildings generate a large amount of greenhouse gases while consuming electric power, so that the radiation refrigeration technology does not consume external energy, and the radiation refrigeration system is widely applied to the fields of building energy conservation, clothing cooling, water cooling and air cooling, battery cooling and the like. The window glass is the part with the lowest energy efficiency in the closed space such as a building or a car window, and for the special application occasions, the transparency and the refrigerating double requirements are required to be considered, but sunlight projected into the interior can bring in heat, so that the radiation refrigerating performance is affected. Therefore, the radiation refrigeration coating is required to meet (1) high transmittance in a visible light range (0.4-0.8 mu m) and meet indoor lighting requirements to the greatest extent, (2) high reflectivity in a sunlight wave band (0.3-2.5 mu m) so as to reduce accumulation of solar radiation heat as much as possible, and (3) high emissivity in an atmospheric window (8-13 mu m) so as to radiate heat to the outer space effectively.
The transparent radiation refrigeration coating is developed and researched by a learner, and is used for preparing radiation refrigeration glass so as to save energy of a building, but only the influence of the change of outdoor environment (such as geographic position, weather condition and the like) is considered, and the influence of the change of indoor environment is not involved, so that the prepared radiation refrigeration glass cannot be maximized, and the purposes of saving energy and reducing consumption are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the existing radiation refrigeration glass, the invention aims to provide a radiation refrigeration glass design method with bidirectional regulation and control of the radiation characteristics of the inner side and the outer side, and according to the relative change of the indoor environment and the outdoor environment, radiation refrigeration glass with different structures is designed, and the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumption of a building is realized to the maximum extent through the bidirectional regulation and control of the radiation characteristics of the inner side and the outer side.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A design method of radiation refrigeration glass with bidirectional regulation and control of internal and external radiation characteristics comprises taking TiO 2/Ag/TiO2 as a reflecting layer, and marking as NIR;
For buildings without indoor or closed refrigerating systems, the structure of the radiation refrigerating Glass is PDMS/NIR/Glass from outside to inside in sequence;
for the indoor building with the refrigerating system started, the structure of the radiation refrigerating Glass is PDMS/Glass/NIR sequentially from outside to inside.
The inventor finds that the refrigeration energy consumption of the building is not only influenced by the geographic position and weather conditions, but also the opening and closing of the indoor air conditioning system can influence the refrigeration energy consumption. In hot summer, for a building with an air conditioning system on which the air conditioning system is started, the outer structure (comprising a roof, a wall, a window and the like) is higher in temperature, the indoor temperature is lower, the inner layer is low in emissivity, the energy-saving window with high reflectivity can reduce heat transfer from the outside to the indoor space of the building to the greatest extent, and lower cooling energy consumption is maintained, and for a building without or with the air conditioning system off, the indoor temperature is higher because sunlight penetrates through glass to heat the indoor space, and the inner layer is high in emissivity, namely the energy-saving window with high absorptivity can improve heat dissipation from the indoor space of the building to the outside, so that the effects of reducing the indoor temperature and saving cooling energy consumption are achieved. Therefore, according to the relative change of indoor and outdoor environments, the radiation refrigeration glass with different structures is designed, and the purposes of building energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized to the maximum extent through the bidirectional regulation and control of the radiation characteristics of the inner side and the outer side.
In the above design method, the design method of PDMS thickness specifically includes:
Average emissivity of atmospheric window
Wherein I BB (T, lambda) represents the blackbody spectrum emission intensity at a temperature T, epsilon (lambda) represents the emissivity of the coating;
as shown in FIG. 1, in the mid-infrared part, the reflectivities of the single-layer Ag film and the three-layer TiO 2/Ag/TiO2 film are basically consistent, tiO 2/Ag/TiO2 is simplified into a single-layer Ag film, the thickness of the Ag film is selected, and the average emissivity of an atmospheric window is calculated by setting the thickness H PDMS of PDMS and the thickness of the Ag film to be changed within the same order of magnitude And then the PDMS thickness was selected.
Further preferably, the thickness of the Ag film is selected to be 10 μm, the thickness H PDMS of PDMS is changed within the range of 10 μm to 100 μm, and the average emissivity of the air window is calculatedAs shown in fig. 2, when the PDMS thickness H PDMS is 50 μm,As PDMS thickness H PDMS continues to grow, the atmospheric window average emissivityThe growth tends to be flat, so the thickness of PDMS is selected to be in the range of 50 μm to 100 μm, and the most preferred thickness of PDMS is H PDMS =50 μm.
In the above design method, the design method of the thickness of the TiO 2/Ag/TiO2 specifically comprises the following steps:
Average visible light transmittance
Average solar reflectance
Wherein I AM1.5 (lambda) represents AM1.5 standard solar intensity, and T (lambda) and R (lambda) respectively represent the spectral transmittance and the reflectivity of the coating;
The solar wave band, within the same order of magnitude range, selects the thickness H Ag of the Ag film and the thickness H 1、H2 of the upper and lower TiO 2 layers, calculates the average solar reflectance under different thickness combinations And average visible light transmittance
In order to meet the minimum daily lighting requirement, average visible light transmittance is obtainedNot less than 0.7, based on which the maximum is takenThe H Ag、H1、H2 was set to the thickness of the Ag film, the thickness of the upper TiO 2, and the thickness of the lower TiO 2, respectively.
Further preferably, the solar wave band is selected from the thicknesses H Ag of Ag films at intervals of 5-30 nm in consideration of the error of evaporating nano-scale films, the thicknesses H 1、H2 of the upper and lower TiO 2 layers are selected from the thicknesses of 0-60 nm in consideration of the thickness of 10nm, and the average solar reflectance under different thickness combinations is calculatedAnd average visible light transmittance
Average visible light transmittanceNot less than 0.7, based on which, as shown in FIG. 3, the maximumThe radiation refrigeration glass has optimal radiation refrigeration performance when meeting lighting requirements when being arranged at the position of H Ag＝25nm,H1＝H2 = 40 nm.
The invention has the advantages that:
According to the invention, according to the relative change of indoor and outdoor environments, two radiation refrigeration glasses with different structures of PDMS/NIR/Glass and PDMS/Glass/NIR are designed, PDMS is used as an emission coating, tiO 2/Ag/TiO2 is used as a reflection coating, and the spectrum characteristic curves of the outer layer structure are kept consistent, and the radiation refrigeration Glass has high solar reflectance, high visible light transmittance and high atmospheric window emissivity. PDMS/Glass/NIR A reflective coating is placed on the innermost layer of Glass, with average emissivity of the inner layer Average emissivity of outer atmospheric windowPDMS/NIR/Glass with Glass as the innermost layer, the average emissivity of the inner layerAverage emissivity of outer atmospheric windowThe invention proves the influence of the inner layer emissivity of the radiation refrigeration glass on the internal temperature of the building for opening and closing the air conditioning system, the radiation refrigeration glass with high inner layer emissivity is selected for the building without indoor or closing the air conditioning system, the radiation refrigeration glass with low inner layer emissivity is selected for the building for opening the air conditioning system, and the purposes of cooling the interior of the building and saving refrigeration energy consumption are realized through the bidirectional regulation and control of the inner side radiation characteristics and the outer side radiation characteristics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of reflectivity of a mid-IR portion single layer Ag film and a TiO 2/Ag/TiO2 three layer film;
FIG. 2 shows the average emissivity of PDMS thickness H PDMS and atmospheric window Is a graph of the relationship change;
FIG. 3 shows the Ag thickness H Ag and the average visible light transmittance in TiO 2/Ag/TiO2 And average solar reflectanceIs a graph of the relationship change of (2).
FIG. 4 is a spectral characteristic of PDMS (50 μm)/TiO 2(40nm)/Ag(25nm)/TiO2 (40 nm)/Glass radiation refrigeration Glass;
FIG. 5 shows the application of radiation refrigeration glass with different inner layer emissivity, wherein (a) an air conditioning system model is started, (b) the air conditioning system model is not started or is closed, (c) the inner and outer experimental spectral characteristics of the radiation refrigeration glass with low inner layer emissivity, (d) the inner and outer experimental spectral characteristics of the radiation refrigeration glass with high inner layer emissivity, (e) the inner temperature of the air conditioning system is started to change along with the inner layer emissivity, and (f) the inner temperature of the air conditioning system is not started or is closed to change along with the inner layer emissivity.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will now be further described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In the invention, a 75mm multiplied by 75mm Glass substrate is selected as a base, and a reflective coating is prepared by utilizing thermal evaporation coating to obtain NIR/Glass and Glass/NIR transparent reflective Glass. PDMS emissive coatings were prepared using a film coater to give PDMS/NIR/Glass and PDMS/Glass/NIR transparent radiation refrigeration glasses.
1. The thickness design method of the PDMS layer comprises the following steps:
Average emissivity of atmospheric window
Wherein I BB (T, lambda) represents the blackbody spectrum emission intensity at a temperature T, epsilon (lambda) represents the emissivity of the coating;
As shown in FIG. 1, in the mid-infrared part, the reflectivity of the single-layer Ag film is basically consistent with that of the three-layer TiO 2/Ag/TiO2 film, tiO 2/Ag/TiO2 is simplified into a single-layer Ag film, the thickness of the selected Ag film is 10 mu m, PDMS with different thicknesses within the range of 10 mu m to 100 mu m is coated, and the average emissivity of the air window is calculated It was found that the average emissivity of the atmospheric window gradually increased with increasing thickness of the PDMS layer, when H PDMS =50 μm,Thereafter H PDMS pairThe effect is less and the growth tends to be flat, so the optimal thickness of the PDMS layer is chosen to be 50 μm.
2. The thickness design method of the TiO 2/Ag/TiO2 layer comprises the following steps:
Average visible light transmittance
Average solar reflectance
Wherein I AM1.5 (lambda) represents AM1.5 standard solar intensity, and T (lambda) and R (lambda) respectively represent the spectral transmittance and the reflectivity of the coating;
The thickness H Ag of the Ag film is selected at intervals of 5-30 nm in the range of 5-30 nm, the thickness H 1、H2 of the upper and lower TiO 2 layers is selected at intervals of 10nm in the range of 0-60 nm, and the average solar reflectance under different thickness combinations is calculated by considering the thickness error of the vapor deposition film layer And average visible light transmittance
For building energy saving design, to meet the minimum daily lighting requirement, it is generally required to meet the average visible light transmittanceNot less than 0.7. When it is requiredAt a maximum of not less than 0.7The spectrum characteristic curves of PDMS (50 μm)/TiO 2(40nm)/Ag(25nm)/TiO2 (40 nm)/Glass radiation refrigeration Glass with the corresponding structure obtained by optimization are shown in FIG. 4, wherein the spectrum characteristic curves appear at H Ag = 25 nm.
3. Application of radiation refrigeration glass with different inner layer emissivity
The refrigerating energy consumption of the building is not only influenced by the geographical position and weather conditions, but also influenced by the opening and closing of the indoor air conditioning system. In hot summer, for a building with an air conditioning system on, the outer structure (including a roof, a wall, a window and the like) has higher temperature, the indoor temperature is lower, the inner layer has low emissivity, the radiation refrigeration glass with high reflectivity can reduce heat transfer to the indoor space of the building to the greatest extent, and maintain the lower temperature in the inner space, so as to reduce refrigeration energy consumption, as shown in fig. 5a, and for a building without or with an air conditioning system off, the outer structure has lower temperature, the indoor air temperature is higher, the inner layer has high emissivity, namely the radiation refrigeration glass with high absorptivity can improve heat dissipation from the indoor space to the outer space of the building, so that the indoor temperature is reduced, and the refrigeration energy consumption is saved, as shown in fig. 5 b. Selecting radiation refrigeration glass with different structures for different buildings is an effective strategy for reducing refrigeration energy consumption.
According to the invention, two different structures of PDMS/NIR/Glass and PDMS/Glass/NIR are designed, namely PDMS is used as an emission coating, tiO 2/Ag/TiO2 is used as a reflection coating, the spectrum characteristic curves of the outer layer structure are kept consistent, and the Glass has high solar reflectance, high visible light transmittance and high atmospheric window emissivity, and the spectrum characteristic curves are shown in figures 5c and 5 d. PDMS/Glass/NIR A reflective coating is placed on the innermost layer of radiation refrigerating Glass, the average emissivity of the inner layerAverage emissivity of outer atmospheric windowPDMS/NIR/Glass substrate as the innermost layer of radiation refrigerating Glass, the average emissivity of the inner layerAverage emissivity of outer atmospheric window
In order to compare the refrigerating performance of the radiation refrigerating glass with different inner-layer emissivity, the indoor temperature under the glass with different inner-layer emissivity is calculated based on an energy conservation equation. As shown in figure 5e, the calculation result when the air conditioning system is started is that the radiation heat exchange between the high-temperature radiation refrigeration glass and the inner wall of the low-temperature building is weakened along with the reduction of the emissivity of the inner layer of the radiation refrigeration glass, the loss of the internal cooling capacity of the system is reduced, the internal average temperature is reduced, and the highest temperature is gradually increased, because the highest temperature of the system is the temperature of the radiation refrigeration glass. The calculation result when the air conditioning system is closed is shown in fig. 5f, and it can be known that as the emissivity of the inner layer of the radiation refrigeration glass increases, the radiation heat exchange between the low-temperature radiation refrigeration glass and the inner wall of the high-temperature building is enhanced, the heat dissipation of the system to the external environment is enhanced, and the internal highest temperature and the average temperature are gradually reduced when the system is balanced. The calculation result proves that the inner-layer emissivity of the radiation refrigeration glass has an influence on the internal temperature of the building for opening and closing the air conditioning system, the radiation refrigeration glass with high inner-layer emissivity is selected for the building without or with the air conditioning system closed, and the radiation refrigeration glass with low inner-layer emissivity is selected for the building with the air conditioning system opened, so that the aims of cooling the interior of the building and saving refrigeration energy consumption are fulfilled.
Claims (5)
1. A design method of radiation refrigeration glass with bidirectional regulation and control of internal and external radiation characteristics is characterized in that TiO 2/Ag/TiO2 is used as a reflecting layer and is marked as NIR;
for the indoor building with the refrigerating system started, the structure of the radiation refrigerating Glass is PDMS/Glass/NIR sequentially from outside to inside.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of designing the PDMS thickness is specifically:
Average emissivity of atmospheric window
Wherein I BB (T, lambda) represents the blackbody spectrum emission intensity at a temperature T, epsilon (lambda) represents the emissivity of the coating;
simplifying TiO 2/Ag/TiO2 into a single-layer Ag film, selecting the thickness of the Ag film, setting the thickness H PDMS of PDMS and the thickness of the Ag film to change within the same order of magnitude, and calculating to obtain the average emissivity of the air window And then the PDMS thickness was selected.
3. The design method according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the selected Ag film is 10 μm, the thickness H PDMS of PDMS is varied within the range of 10 μm to 100 μm, and the average emissivity of the atmospheric window is calculatedWhen the thickness H PDMS of PDMS is not less than 50 μm, the average emissivity of the air windowThe growth tends to be flat, and the thickness of PDMS is selected to be 50-100 μm.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method for designing the thickness of TiO 2/Ag/TiO2 comprises:
Average visible light transmittance
Average solar reflectance
Wherein I AM1.5 (lambda) represents AM1.5 standard solar intensity, and T (lambda) and R (lambda) respectively represent the spectral transmittance and the reflectivity of the coating;
The solar wave band, within the same order of magnitude range, selects the thickness H Ag of the Ag film and the thickness H 1、H2 of the upper and lower TiO 2 layers, calculates the average solar reflectance under different thickness combinations And average visible light transmittance
Average visible light transmittanceNot less than 0.7, based on which the maximum is takenThe H Ag、H1、H2 was set to the thickness of the Ag film, the thickness of the upper TiO 2, and the thickness of the lower TiO 2, respectively.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the average solar reflectance in different thickness combinations is calculated by selecting the thickness H Ag of the Ag film at 5-30 nm, the thickness H 1、H2 of the upper and lower TiO 2 layers at 10-60 nm, and the solar wave band is 5-30 nmAnd average visible light transmittance
Average visible light transmittanceNot less than 0.7, based on which the maximumOccurs at H Ag＝25nm,H1＝H2 = 40 nm.
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