CN115231277A - Stacking and coding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tray stacking and coding machine, comprising a tray stacking mechanism and an automatic tray distribution mechanism; the tray stacking mechanism outputs several seedling trays in a stacked state; the tray automatic distribution mechanism outputs a single tray in a horizontal state; a tray mechanism; the push tray mechanism includes a base, which is arranged on the base and faces the tray feeding structure of the tray output end of the tray stacking mechanism, and is arranged on the base and faces the free roller of the tray automatic distribution mechanism; The push-tray mechanism further includes a push-tray frame disposed on the base; the push-tray frame pushes the seedling trays from the tray stacking mechanism to the trays output by the tray automatic distribution mechanism. The invention realizes the whole-process automatic operation of the seedling trays from a single stacking tray to the completion of stacking on the trays, truly realizes the problem of replacing labor by machines, has a higher level of stacking trays, and visually displays the work results.

Description

Stacking and coding machine

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery and equipment, in particular to a device for stacking and coding discs.

Background technique

In factory raising seedlings, a large number of seedling trays are used. The shape of the seedling tray is roughly an open flat cuboid, and the upper four sides are flanged for easy access. In the entire factory raising seedlings, there will be many operations such as arranging and stacking the seedling trays, and the number of seedling trays involved may be hundreds or thousands. This kind of seedling tray stacking operation is generally called "stacking tray" operation in the industry.

In addition to manually stacking one by one, there are also some semi-automatic mechanical devices, for example, CN109625989A and CN213485627U all disclose tray stacking machines suitable for seedling trays. The output of these existing tray stacking machines is all "a stack of seedling trays", such as 10 or 20 seedling trays in a stacked state (the above numbers are only examples).

In fact, in the face of hundreds or thousands of seedling trays, just stacking a few "stacks" is not enough. After stacking, the "stack of seedling trays" still needs to enter the next "stacking" operation, that is, several or dozens of "stacks of seedling trays" are gradually stacked on the same tray, so that a forklift can lift a tray, It is carried away with all (possibly hundreds) of the trays on it.

The pallet itself is a special equipment in the field of logistics technology. Generally, the length and width are 1.2 meters, and the height is 15 cm (the above dimensions are just examples), and the weight of the pallet can reach several kilograms or even dozens of kilograms. There may be dozens of trays in a seedling plant. Pallets can be stacked together by forklift or other equipment, which saves floor space and facilitates transfer. There are also some semi-automatic mechanical devices, for example, CN213294021U and CN216582265U all disclose a palletizer suitable for pallet arrangement, which can stack multiple pallets together. However, the main function of these encoders is to stack pallets. When the tray is used in the seedling raising factory, it is necessary to spread the stacked trays horizontally one by one in order to use them normally.

What is particularly critical is that the above-mentioned equipments in the current technology are only designed with single-machine operation in mind. After the seedling plant has purchased the equipment for these stand-alone work, it also needs to connect the work results of various stand-alone machines in series by manual handling. For example, as mentioned above, the output of the existing tray stacker is "a stack of seedling trays (for example, 20)"; workers must constantly carry and stack the "stack of 20 trays" on a tray. (called "stacking" in the industry), after dozens of "stacks of seedling trays" are stacked on a pallet, the forklift is instructed to lift the entire pallet (along with hundreds of seedling trays on it) for transportation. Such reciprocating manual operations are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and have not been fully automated.

Therefore, those skilled in the art are committed to developing a device that automates the whole process from a single seedling tray to pallet stacking to replace manual labor and improve work efficiency.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a whole-process automation device from a single seedling tray to pallet stacking, which improves the operation efficiency, saves manpower, and solves the problems existing in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention discloses a tray stacking and coding machine, which includes a tray stacking mechanism and an automatic tray distribution mechanism; the tray stacking mechanism outputs a plurality of seedling trays in a stacked state; the automatic tray distribution mechanism outputs a single tray in a horizontal state. A tray; also includes a tray push mechanism; the tray push mechanism includes a base, which is arranged on the base and faces the tray feeding structure of the tray output end of the tray stacking mechanism, and is arranged on the base and faces the tray automatic distribution mechanism. The free roller; the push plate mechanism also includes a push plate frame arranged on the base; the push plate frame pushes the seedling tray from the tray stacking mechanism to the tray output by the tray automatic distribution mechanism superior.

Preferably, the disk feeding structure of the disk pushing mechanism includes a disk feeding drum, a disk feeding drum transmission chain and a disk feeding motor.

Preferably, a pusher motor, a pusher drive chain and a pusher drive shaft are arranged on the base of the pusher mechanism to drive the pusher frame to have a push-out state or a return state.

Preferably, the stacking mechanism includes a bracket, and a transmission part is arranged in the bracket; the transmission part includes a first end plate assembly and a second end plate assembly that are symmetrically arranged on the left and right; the first end plate assembly is composed of The first stacked disk chain combination is driven; the second end disk assembly is driven by the second stacked disk chain combination; each stacked disk chain combination includes two transmission chains arranged side by side and laterally offset; each of the end disk assemblies at least includes connecting rods and horizontal plates.

Preferably, the distance of lateral dislocation between the two transmission chains is equal to the distance between the front and rear connecting center holes on the connecting rod, and the transmission chains move synchronously to keep the horizontal plate in a horizontal posture.

Preferably, when the horizontal plate is blocked by the lower seedling tray during the descending process, it avoids the blocking seedling tray in a rollover attitude; and restores the horizontal attitude when descending below the blocking seedling tray.

Preferably, the automatic tray distribution mechanism includes a support frame, a guardrail fixed above the support frame; a jacking mechanism located on the lower side of the guardrail; and a tray output set on both sides of the jacking mechanism. mechanism.

Preferably, a plurality of tray legs are arranged on the inner side of the support frame, and each of the tray legs is provided with a leg sprocket; The feet have a synchronized extended or retracted attitude.

Preferably, the jacking mechanism includes a jacking plate, a cross arm located on the lower side of the jacking plate, and a jacking cylinder that drives the action of the cross arm.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

Due to the above-mentioned structural design, the present invention combines the tray stacking mechanism, the tray automatic distribution mechanism and the tray push mechanism into an organic whole, each mechanism can undertake the work results of the previous mechanism, and realizes the seedling tray from a single tray to the completion of the tray on the tray. The whole process of stacking automation has truly realized the problem of replacing labor by machines, and the original workload of 4-5 people is directly reduced to 1 person.

Through fully automated operation, the neatness of stacked trays is more tidy than manual work, and the position and size are controllable.

The concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 shows a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows another perspective three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 shows the structural schematic diagram of the push plate mechanism in the return state in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 shows the structural schematic diagram of the push-disc mechanism in the push-out state in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 shows another angular structural schematic diagram of the push-disc mechanism in the push-out state in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 shows the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the disk stacking mechanism in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 shows another perspective three-dimensional structural diagram of the disk stacking mechanism in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 shows the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the tray automatic distribution mechanism in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 shows the structural schematic diagram of the D-D direction in Fig. 8;

FIG. 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Example

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a specific embodiment of the tray stacking and coding machine of the present invention includes a tray stacking mechanism 1, a tray push mechanism 2, and an automatic tray distribution mechanism 3; Set in sequence.

The tray stacking mechanism 1 is used to output several seedling trays in a stacked state. The tray automatic distribution mechanism 3 outputs a single tray in a horizontal state; the push tray mechanism 2 pushes the seedling trays from the tray stacking mechanism 1 to the trays output by the tray automatic distribution mechanism 3, so that the seedling trays can be stacked from a single tray until they are completed on the tray. The full automation of the stacking operation.

Both the stacking mechanism 1 and the automatic tray dispensing mechanism 3 can use existing equipment, but the specifications and the size of the matching part need to be adjusted. Of course, the apparatus described in the following part of this patent is preferably employed.

As shown in FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 , and FIG. 5 , the push tray mechanism 2 in the present invention includes a base 21 , which is arranged on the base 21 and faces the tray input structure 24 of the tray output end 12 of the stacking mechanism 1 , and is arranged on the base 21 . Up, facing the free roller 22 of the automatic tray dispensing mechanism 3 .

The tray feeding structure 24 of the tray pushing mechanism 2 includes a tray feeding roller 241, a tray feeding roller transmission chain 242 and a tray feeding motor 243; the tray feeding motor 243 drives the tray feeding roller 241 to rotate actively. Of course, there may also be a protective cover 244 .

The height of the working surface carrying the seedling tray on the tray feeding drum 241 is consistent with the height of the tray output end 12 on the tray stacking mechanism 1 .

The push plate mechanism 2 includes a push plate frame 23 arranged on the base 21, and also includes a push plate motor 231, a push plate drive chain 232 and a push plate drive shaft 233; the push plate motor 231 is used to drive the push plate frame 23 to have a push-out state or Return state; the tray pusher 23 pushes the seedling trays from the tray stacking mechanism 1 to the trays output by the tray automatic distribution mechanism 3 in the push-out state.

In a specific implementation, the push plate rack 23 may further include a baffle plate 234 disposed at the outermost side. The baffle plate 234 is used to prevent the seedling tray from slipping out of the tray feeding drum 241 .

In some embodiments, the base 21 may also be provided with several limit switches to improve the automation degree of the equipment. Specifically, the base 21 is provided with a push plate rack in-position stop limit switch 211 , a push plate rack retreat deceleration limit switch 212 , a deceleration limit switch 213 , and a seedling plate in-position limit switch 214 . The specific position of each limit switch can be determined according to the displacement stroke of the corresponding component.

As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , the stacking mechanism 1 in the present invention includes a bracket 11 , and a transmission part is arranged in the bracket. One end of the bracket is connected to the assembly line, and receives the continuously conveyed single, horizontally placed seedling trays.

The transmission part includes a first end plate assembly 121 and a second end plate assembly 122 which are symmetrically arranged. In this embodiment, there are four first end plate assemblies 121 and four second end plate assemblies 122 in total. Each end tray assembly includes at least a connecting rod 123 and a horizontal plate 124 for holding the seedling tray in a "hand-held" manner. The connecting rod 123 is mounted on the transmission chain through two locking teeth 125 with pins.

The four first end disk assemblies 121 are all driven by the first stacked disk chain assembly; each first stacked disk chain assembly includes two transmission chains 131 and 132 arranged side by side and laterally offset.

The four second end disk assemblies 122 are all driven by second stacked disk chain assemblies; each second stacked disk chain assembly includes two transmission chains 133 and 134 arranged side by side and laterally offset.

In particular, the distance of lateral dislocation between the two transmission chains 131 and 132 is equal to the distance between the front and rear connecting center holes on the connecting rod 123, and the transmission chains 131 and 132 move synchronously to maintain the horizontal plate in the end plate assembly that they drive. 124 remained level.

Of course, the setting requirements of the two transmission chains 133 and 134 are the same as those of the transmission chains 131 and 132 .

As shown in FIG. 10 , the horizontal plate 124 can be rotated by a certain angle through the eccentric shaft 126 . During operation, when the horizontal plate 124 is blocked by the lower seedling tray during the descending process, it will turn a certain angle (about 90 degrees) to avoid the blocking seedling tray with a rollover attitude; and will recover when descending below the blocking seedling tray for the horizontal attitude.

The trays are repeatedly sent by the horizontal plate 124 to form a stack, and the tray stacking mechanism 1 outputs a “stack of trays” (for example, 10 or 20 stacks) in a stacked state at the tray discharge end 12 . In this way, "a stack of seedling trays" is pushed to the tray feeding drum 241 of the tray feeding structure 24 of the push tray mechanism 2, but does not exceed the position of the baffle plate 234.

The push tray frame 23 of the tray push mechanism 2 pushes the "stack of seedling trays" from the tray stack mechanism 1 to the tray output by the tray automatic distribution mechanism 3 .

As shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 , the tray automatic distribution mechanism 3 includes a support frame 31, a guardrail 32 fixed above the support frame 31; a jacking mechanism located on the lower side of the guardrail 32; and trays arranged on both sides of the jacking mechanism Output mechanism 34 .

The jacking mechanism includes a jacking plate 331 , a cross arm 332 located on the lower side of the jacking plate 331 , and a jacking cylinder 333 that drives the action of the cross arm 332 .

Further, the inner side of the support frame 31 is provided with a plurality of tray legs 35, and each tray leg 35 is provided with a leg sprocket 351; the leg drive device drives the movement of each leg sprocket 351 synchronously through the transmission chain 352, so that each tray leg 35 has Synchronized extended or retracted poses.

In a specific implementation, the pallet output mechanism 34 includes a conveying sprocket 341 and a conveying chain 342 arranged horizontally. There may be two conveyor chains 342 distributed on both sides of the lift plate 331 .

When the jacking plate 331 of the jacking mechanism is lifted up, a forklift or other equipment sends a plurality of stacked pallets into the guardrail 32 and is detected by the sensor.

Then, the lifting plate 331 descends together with the stacked trays, and when it is about to descend to the lowest position (but has not reached the lowest position), the lifting plate 331 suspends the downward movement. At this time, the tray feet 35 protrude from the support frame 31 to support the penultimate tray from the ground. Then, the lift plate 331 continues to descend with the penultimate pallet, and the pallet falls onto the conveyor chain 342 of the pallet output device 34. The lift plate 331 continues to descend a little and separates from the pallet, and the sensor detects that the pallet has fallen. After being mounted on the conveyor chain 342 , the conveyor chain 342 of the tray output device 34 starts to move horizontally, and the tray is smoothly horizontally output to the opposite side of the free roller 22 of the pusher mechanism 2 .

After the last-to-last pallet is horizontally output, the lift plate 331 (in an unloaded state at this time) rises from the lowest position, and continues to rise one level after it contacts the original second-to-last (now last-to-last) pallet. A short stroke lifts the tray slightly so that the tray feet 35 in the support frame 31 retract back. Then, the lift plate 331 descends again with this tray (and other trays on it), repeating the previous action, so that the tray is smoothly outputted horizontally.

In order to improve automation, a lifting plate state sensor 361 is also provided on the lower side of the lifting plate 331 . Moreover, in some embodiments, the support frame 31 is further provided with a foot state sensor 362 .

The upper working surface of the free roller 22 in the push-tray mechanism 2 (the horizontal surface carrying the seedling tray) is at the same height as the upper surface of the tray. In this way, the push-tray frame 23 of the push-tray mechanism 2 pushes the “stack of seedling trays” from the tray stacking mechanism 1 onto the tray along the free drum 22 .

Afterwards, the tray pusher 23 can reciprocate to push multiple stacks of seedling trays onto the tray in a "column" arrangement; after several rows, the transmission belt under the tray can be stepped in small steps, and the stroke of each step is equal to One width of the seedling tray, so that the tray pusher 23 can continue to push multiple stacks of seedling trays onto the tray in a "row" arrangement. Through such a push action of "column" and "row" (here, "row" and "column" are relative concepts in space, and are named according to the operator's perspective), the tray can be in the shape of a grid. (Geometrically, the relationship between "horizontal" and "vertical") Place multiple stacks of seedling trays until the stacking on the trays is completed, and then they are transported away by forklift trucks. In this way, the device of the present invention realizes the whole process automation of the seedling trays from a single stacking tray to the completion of stacking on the trays.

Further, through the preset values of "stack", "row" and "column", the equipment can easily obtain the quantity of all the seedling trays on the whole tray through continuous multiplication calculation without manual counting.

Due to the above-mentioned structural design, the present invention combines the tray stacking mechanism, the tray automatic distribution mechanism and the tray push mechanism into an organic whole, each mechanism can undertake the work results of the previous mechanism, and realizes the seedling tray from a single tray to the completion of the tray on the tray. The whole process of stacking automation has truly realized the problem of replacing labor by machines, and the original workload of 4-5 people is directly reduced to 1 person.

In addition, because the mechanical equipment is equipped with control equipment such as counters and limit switches, compared with manual stacking, there is no need to count the number of pallets. After setting the parameters, the entire stacking and coding machine can automatically complete all the work. , and visually display the work results.

Through fully automated operation, the neatness of stacked trays is more tidy than manual work, and the position and size are controllable.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes according to the concept of the present invention without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art according to the concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A stacking and coding machine, comprising a stacking mechanism and an automatic tray distribution mechanism; the stacking mechanism outputs several seedling trays in a stacked state; the automatic tray distribution mechanism outputs a single tray in a horizontal state; it is characterized in that: also It includes a plate push mechanism; the plate push mechanism includes a base, which is arranged on the base and faces the tray-in structure of the tray output end of the stacking mechanism, and is arranged on the base and faces the free roller of the automatic tray distribution mechanism. ; The push tray mechanism further comprises a push tray frame arranged on the base; the push tray frame pushes the seedling trays from the tray stacking mechanism to the trays output by the tray automatic distribution mechanism. 2 . The stacker and encoder according to claim 1 , wherein the disk feeding structure of the push disk mechanism comprises a disk feeding roller, a disk feeding roller transmission chain and a disk feeding motor. 3 . 3. The disk stacker according to claim 1, characterized in that: a pusher motor, a pusher drive chain and a pusher drive shaft are arranged on the base of the pusher mechanism; The push tray has a push-out state or a return state. 4. The stacking and coding machine according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the stacking mechanism comprises a bracket, and a transmission part is arranged in the bracket; the transmission part comprises a left-right symmetrical arrangement the first end plate assembly and the second end plate assembly; the first end plate assembly is driven by the first stack chain combination; the second end plate assembly is driven by the second stack chain combination; each stack chain The combination includes two transmission chains arranged side by side and laterally offset; each of the end plate assemblies at least includes a connecting rod and a horizontal plate. 5. The disk stacker according to claim 4, characterized in that: the distance of lateral dislocation between the two transmission chains is equal to the distance between the front and rear connection center holes on the connecting rod, and the transmission The chains move synchronously to keep the horizontal plate in a horizontal attitude. 6. The plate stacking and coding machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the horizontal plate is blocked by the lower seedling plate during the descending process, it avoids the blocking seedling plate with a rollover attitude; Return to a horizontal position when blocking the bottom of the seedling tray. 7. The stacker and encoder according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the automatic tray distribution mechanism comprises a support frame, and a guardrail fixed above the support frame; a guardrail located on the guardrail A jacking mechanism on the lower side; and a tray output mechanism arranged on both sides of the jacking mechanism. 8. The stacker and encoder according to claim 7, characterized in that: the inner side of the support frame is provided with a plurality of tray legs, each of the tray legs is provided with a leg sprocket; the leg drive device is driven by a transmission chain The sprockets of the supporting feet are driven synchronously, so that each of the supporting feet of the tray has a synchronous extending posture or a retracting posture. 9 . The stacker and encoder according to claim 7 , wherein the jacking mechanism comprises a jacking plate, a cross arm located on the lower side of the jacking plate, and a jacking cylinder that drives the action of the cross arm. 10 . .

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