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CN115224300B - Hydrogen ejector capable of accurately adjusting fuel cell circulation system - Google Patents

Hydrogen ejector capable of accurately adjusting fuel cell circulation system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115224300B
CN115224300B CN202210911010.5A CN202210911010A CN115224300B CN 115224300 B CN115224300 B CN 115224300B CN 202210911010 A CN202210911010 A CN 202210911010A CN 115224300 B CN115224300 B CN 115224300B
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ejector
fuel cell
working
hydrogen
axis
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CN115224300A (en
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董景明
时宇
冯弛
何南
杜文
潘新祥
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Dalian Maritime University
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Dalian Maritime University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen ejector capable of accurately adjusting a fuel cell circulation system, which comprises an ejector shell, a swing spray pipe and an adjusting mechanism, wherein the ejector shell is provided with a swing spray pipe; the swing spray pipe comprises a working fluid inlet pipe, a hose and a working nozzle, wherein the working fluid inlet pipe and the hose are respectively fixed on the outer side and the inner side of the front end face of the ejector shell, and the working nozzle is connected with the rear end of the hose; the adjusting mechanism comprises a sealing installation shell, a driving motor and a push rod, wherein the sealing installation shell is fixedly installed on one side of the ejector shell, the driving motor is fixedly installed in the sealing installation shell, an output shaft of the driving motor is connected with the push rod, and the lower end of the push rod is fixed with the outer side of the working nozzle. According to the invention, the driving motor drives the push rod to push the working nozzle to deviate from the angle of the central axis of the ejector in the ejector mixing chamber to change the ejection coefficient of the hydrogen ejector, so that the requirement of the hydrogen circulation volume of the hydrogen fuel cell system is accurately met under variable working conditions.

Description

一种可精准调节燃料电池循环系统的氢气引射器A hydrogen ejector capable of precisely regulating a fuel cell circulation system

技术领域Technical Field

本发明属于新能源技术领域，特别涉及一种可精准调节燃料电池循环系统的氢气引射器。The present invention belongs to the field of new energy technology, and in particular relates to a hydrogen ejector capable of accurately adjusting a fuel cell circulation system.

背景技术Background Art

在燃料电池阳极循环系统中，通常采用氢气循环泵或氢气引射器来实现氢气的循环利用。虽然氢气循环泵可以在变工况条件下实现氢气循环量的调节，但是氢气循环泵需要消耗电能、维护保养、产生振动，且占用空间较大。而氢气引射器无运动部件、成本低、易于维护。但是，由于其结构尺寸固定后，氢气引射器工况范围狭窄导致的燃料电池电堆输出功率范围小且无法调节。这极大地限制了其发展。In the anode circulation system of fuel cells, hydrogen circulation pumps or hydrogen ejectors are usually used to realize the recycling of hydrogen. Although the hydrogen circulation pump can adjust the hydrogen circulation volume under variable operating conditions, it consumes electricity, requires maintenance, generates vibration, and occupies a large space. The hydrogen ejector has no moving parts, is low in cost, and is easy to maintain. However, due to its fixed structural dimensions, the hydrogen ejector has a narrow operating range, resulting in a small output power range of the fuel cell stack and cannot be adjusted. This greatly limits its development.

为了克服这一问题，采用可调式引射器来满足变工况条件下氢燃料电池系统氢循环量的需求。可调式引射器主要是通过改变等截面段截面面积与喷嘴截面面积的面积比的方法来改变氢气引射器的引射系数。目前，可调式引射器主要分为两种：一种是通过调节针改变氢气引射器中喷嘴喉部截面面积的大小；另一种通过调节塞锥在混合使中的位置来改变氢气引射器面积比的大小。但是，由于氢气引射器中的尺寸极小，极难对其面积比进行精准调节。例如80kW的氢燃料电池，其引射器喷嘴喉部的直径为1.2mm，等截面段的直径为5.2mm。这么小的尺寸很难精准地对面积比进行调节，从而导致氢气引射器在变工况下难以精准满足氢燃料电池系统氢循环量的需求。In order to overcome this problem, an adjustable ejector is used to meet the demand for hydrogen circulation of the hydrogen fuel cell system under variable operating conditions. The adjustable ejector mainly changes the ejection coefficient of the hydrogen ejector by changing the area ratio of the cross-sectional area of the equal cross-sectional section to the cross-sectional area of the nozzle. At present, there are two main types of adjustable ejectors: one is to change the size of the cross-sectional area of the nozzle throat in the hydrogen ejector by adjusting the needle; the other is to change the size of the hydrogen ejector area ratio by adjusting the position of the plug cone in the mixer. However, due to the extremely small size of the hydrogen ejector, it is extremely difficult to accurately adjust its area ratio. For example, for an 80kW hydrogen fuel cell, the diameter of the ejector nozzle throat is 1.2mm, and the diameter of the equal cross-sectional section is 5.2mm. It is difficult to accurately adjust the area ratio with such a small size, which makes it difficult for the hydrogen ejector to accurately meet the demand for hydrogen circulation of the hydrogen fuel cell system under variable operating conditions.

发明内容Summary of the invention

为解决现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明要设计一种可精准调节燃料电池循环系统的氢气引射器。In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is to design a hydrogen ejector which can accurately adjust the fuel cell circulation system.

为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：一种可精准调节燃料电池循环系统的氢气引射器，包括引射器壳体、摆动喷管和调节机构；In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a hydrogen ejector capable of accurately adjusting a fuel cell circulation system, comprising an ejector housing, a swing nozzle and an adjusting mechanism;

所述引射器壳体的内腔从前往后依次为混合室、等截面段、扩压室和混合流体出口，引射器壳体的下侧设置引射流体入口管；The inner cavity of the ejector housing is composed of a mixing chamber, a section of equal cross section, a pressure diffusion chamber and a mixed fluid outlet from front to back, and an ejector fluid inlet pipe is arranged at the lower side of the ejector housing;

所述摆动喷管包括工作流体入口管、软管和工作喷嘴，所述工作流体入口管固定安装在引射器壳体的前端面外侧，所述软管前端固定在引射器壳体的前端面内侧且与工作流体入口管连通，所述工作喷嘴与软管后端连接；The swing nozzle includes a working fluid inlet pipe, a hose and a working nozzle, wherein the working fluid inlet pipe is fixedly mounted on the outside of the front end surface of the ejector housing, the front end of the hose is fixed on the inside of the front end surface of the ejector housing and is connected to the working fluid inlet pipe, and the working nozzle is connected to the rear end of the hose;

所述调节机构包括密封安装壳、驱动电机和推杆，所述密封安装壳固定安装在引射器壳体的一侧，所述驱动电机固定安装在密封安装壳内，所述驱动电机的输出轴与推杆连接，推杆的下端与工作喷嘴的外侧固定。The adjustment mechanism includes a sealed mounting shell, a driving motor and a push rod. The sealed mounting shell is fixedly mounted on one side of the ejector housing, the driving motor is fixedly mounted in the sealed mounting shell, the output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the push rod, and the lower end of the push rod is fixed to the outer side of the working nozzle.

进一步地，所述工作流体入口管、软管和工作喷嘴在不工作时，轴线共线。Furthermore, when not in operation, the axes of the working fluid inlet pipe, the hose and the working nozzle are colinear.

进一步地，所述驱动电机为微型伺服电机，通过控制线与控制系统连接。Furthermore, the driving motor is a micro servo motor, which is connected to the control system via a control line.

进一步地，所述推杆为实心杆。Furthermore, the push rod is a solid rod.

进一步地，所述工作喷嘴工作时的轴线角度变化范围为-5～5°。Furthermore, the axis angle of the working nozzle during operation varies in the range of -5 to 5°.

进一步地，所述调节机构设置在引射器壳体的上侧，所述引射流体入口管设置在引射器壳体的下侧。Furthermore, the regulating mechanism is arranged on the upper side of the ejector housing, and the ejection fluid inlet pipe is arranged on the lower side of the ejector housing.

进一步地，所述软管为高压软管。Furthermore, the hose is a high-pressure hose.

与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

本发明通过驱动电机带动推杆推动工作喷嘴在引射器混合室中偏离引射器中轴线的角度来改变氢气引射器的引射系数，从而在变工况下精准地满足氢燃料电池系统氢循环量的需求。The present invention changes the ejection coefficient of the hydrogen ejector by driving a motor to drive a push rod to push a working nozzle in an ejector mixing chamber to deviate from the central axis of the ejector, thereby accurately meeting the hydrogen circulation volume requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell system under variable working conditions.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1为可调工作喷嘴式氢气引射器的结构图。FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an adjustable working nozzle type hydrogen ejector.

图中：1、工作流体入口管，2、引射器壳体，3、高压软管，4、工作喷嘴， 5、引射流体入口管，6、混合室，7、等截面段，8、扩压室，9、混合流体出口， 10、驱动电机，11、推杆，12、密封安装壳。In the figure: 1, working fluid inlet pipe, 2, ejector housing, 3, high-pressure hose, 4, working nozzle, 5, ejector fluid inlet pipe, 6, mixing chamber, 7, equal-section section, 8, diffusion chamber, 9, mixed fluid outlet, 10, driving motor, 11, push rod, 12, sealing mounting shell.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

为使本发明的技术手段、达成目的便于了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。如图1所示，一种可精准调节燃料电池循环系统的氢气引射器，包括引射器壳体2、摆动喷管和调节机构；In order to make the technical means and objectives of the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. As shown in FIG1 , a hydrogen ejector capable of accurately adjusting a fuel cell circulation system comprises an ejector housing 2, a swinging nozzle and an adjusting mechanism;

所述引射器壳体2的内腔从前往后依次为混合室6、等截面段7、扩压室8 和混合流体出口9，引射器壳体2的下侧设置引射流体入口管5；The inner cavity of the ejector housing 2 is composed of a mixing chamber 6, a uniform cross-section section 7, a diffusion chamber 8 and a mixed fluid outlet 9 from front to back, and an ejector fluid inlet pipe 5 is arranged at the lower side of the ejector housing 2;

所述摆动喷管包括工作流体入口管1、软管3和工作喷嘴4，所述工作流体入口管1固定安装在引射器壳体2的前端面外侧，所述软管3前端固定在引射器壳体2的前端面内侧且与工作流体入口管1连通，所述工作喷嘴4与软管3 后端连接；The swing nozzle comprises a working fluid inlet pipe 1, a hose 3 and a working nozzle 4. The working fluid inlet pipe 1 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the front end surface of the ejector housing 2. The front end of the hose 3 is fixed on the inside of the front end surface of the ejector housing 2 and communicates with the working fluid inlet pipe 1. The working nozzle 4 is connected to the rear end of the hose 3.

所述调节机构包括密封安装壳12、驱动电机10和推杆11，所述密封安装壳12固定安装在引射器壳体2的一侧，所述驱动电机10固定安装在密封安装壳12内，所述驱动电机10的输出轴与推杆11连接，推杆11的下端与工作喷嘴4的外侧固定。The adjustment mechanism includes a sealed mounting shell 12, a drive motor 10 and a push rod 11. The sealed mounting shell 12 is fixedly mounted on one side of the ejector housing 2, the drive motor 10 is fixedly mounted in the sealed mounting shell 12, the output shaft of the drive motor 10 is connected to the push rod 11, and the lower end of the push rod 11 is fixed to the outer side of the working nozzle 4.

进一步地，所述工作流体入口管1、软管3和工作喷嘴4在不工作时，轴线共线。Furthermore, when not in operation, the axes of the working fluid inlet pipe 1 , the hose 3 and the working nozzle 4 are colinear.

进一步地，所述驱动电机10为微型伺服电机，通过控制线与控制系统连接。Furthermore, the driving motor 10 is a micro servo motor, which is connected to the control system via a control line.

进一步地，所述推杆11为实心杆。Furthermore, the push rod 11 is a solid rod.

进一步地，所述工作喷嘴4工作时的轴线角度变化范围为-5～5°。Furthermore, the axis angle of the working nozzle 4 during operation varies within a range of -5 to 5°.

进一步地，所述调节机构设置在引射器壳体2的上侧，所述引射流体入口管5设置在引射器壳体2的下侧。Furthermore, the regulating mechanism is arranged on the upper side of the ejector housing 2 , and the ejection fluid inlet pipe 5 is arranged on the lower side of the ejector housing 2 .

进一步地，所述软管3为高压软管。Furthermore, the hose 3 is a high-pressure hose.

本发明的工作原理如下：The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

在变工况条件下的氢燃料电池系统中，通过驱动电机10改变工作喷嘴4的轴线与混合室6的轴线所形成的角度，来改变氢气引射器的引射系数，使其引射性能满足氢燃料电池系统的实际需求。In a hydrogen fuel cell system under variable operating conditions, the ejection coefficient of the hydrogen ejector is changed by driving the motor 10 to change the angle formed by the axis of the working nozzle 4 and the axis of the mixing chamber 6, so that its ejection performance meets the actual needs of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

当氢燃料电池刚刚开始启动工作时，工作喷嘴4与混合室6同轴。此时，氢燃料电池的功率最低，氢燃料电池所需的氢气循环量最大。When the hydrogen fuel cell just starts to work, the working nozzle 4 is coaxial with the mixing chamber 6. At this time, the power of the hydrogen fuel cell is the lowest, and the hydrogen circulation amount required by the hydrogen fuel cell is the largest.

当氢燃料电池从低功率工况向高功率工况转换时，氢燃料电池中氢气的利用率上升，未参加反应的氢气量减少，氢燃料电池所需的氢气循环量降低。因此，氢气引射器的引射系数需要降低。此时，工作喷嘴4的轴线与混合室6的轴线重合。驱动电机10工作，推动推杆11，从而带动工作喷嘴4偏转，使工作喷嘴4的轴线与混合室6的轴线形成一个角度。当这个角度为某一值时，其引射系数可以满足燃料电池需求，驱动电机10停止工作。When the hydrogen fuel cell is switched from a low-power operating condition to a high-power operating condition, the utilization rate of hydrogen in the hydrogen fuel cell increases, the amount of hydrogen that does not participate in the reaction decreases, and the amount of hydrogen circulation required by the hydrogen fuel cell decreases. Therefore, the ejection coefficient of the hydrogen ejector needs to be reduced. At this time, the axis of the working nozzle 4 coincides with the axis of the mixing chamber 6. The drive motor 10 works, pushing the push rod 11, thereby driving the working nozzle 4 to deflect, so that the axis of the working nozzle 4 forms an angle with the axis of the mixing chamber 6. When this angle is a certain value, its ejection coefficient can meet the fuel cell requirements, and the drive motor 10 stops working.

当氢燃料电池从高功率工况向低功率工况转换时，氢燃料电池中氢气的利用率下降，未参加反应的氢气量增多，氢燃料电池所需的氢气循环量升高。因此，氢气引射器的引射系数需要提高。此时，工作喷嘴4的轴线与混合室6的轴线形成一个角度，该角度值的引射系数对应于燃料电池的高功率工况。驱动电机10开始工作，推动推杆11，从而带动工作喷嘴4偏转，使工作喷嘴4向引射器混合室6的中轴线移动，工作喷嘴4的轴线与混合室6的轴线形成的角度值减小。当角度减小至某一值时，其引射系数可以满足燃料电池需求，驱动电机10停止工作。When the hydrogen fuel cell is switched from a high-power operating condition to a low-power operating condition, the utilization rate of hydrogen in the hydrogen fuel cell decreases, the amount of hydrogen that does not participate in the reaction increases, and the amount of hydrogen circulation required by the hydrogen fuel cell increases. Therefore, the ejection coefficient of the hydrogen ejector needs to be improved. At this time, the axis of the working nozzle 4 forms an angle with the axis of the mixing chamber 6, and the ejection coefficient of this angle value corresponds to the high-power operating condition of the fuel cell. The drive motor 10 starts working, pushing the push rod 11, thereby driving the working nozzle 4 to deflect, so that the working nozzle 4 moves toward the central axis of the ejector mixing chamber 6, and the angle value formed by the axis of the working nozzle 4 and the axis of the mixing chamber 6 decreases. When the angle is reduced to a certain value, its ejection coefficient can meet the fuel cell requirements, and the drive motor 10 stops working.

虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但本领域内的技术人员应当理解，这些仅是举例说明，可以对本发明中的实施方式做出多种变更和修改，而不背离本发明的原理和实质。Although specific embodiments of the present invention are described above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these are merely examples and that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The hydrogen ejector capable of accurately adjusting the fuel cell circulation system comprises an ejector shell (2), a swing spray pipe and an adjusting mechanism;
The inner cavity of the ejector shell (2) is sequentially provided with a mixing chamber (6), a constant section (7), a diffusion chamber (8) and a mixed fluid outlet (9) from front to back, and the lower side of the ejector shell (2) is provided with an ejector fluid inlet pipe (5);
The swing spray pipe comprises a working fluid inlet pipe (1), a hose (3) and a working nozzle (4), wherein the working fluid inlet pipe (1) is fixedly arranged outside the front end face of the ejector shell (2), the front end of the hose (3) is fixedly arranged inside the front end face of the ejector shell (2) and is communicated with the working fluid inlet pipe (1), and the working nozzle (4) is connected with the rear end of the hose (3);
the adjusting mechanism comprises a sealing installation shell (12), a driving motor (10) and a push rod (11), wherein the sealing installation shell (12) is fixedly installed on one side of the ejector shell (2), the driving motor (10) is fixedly installed in the sealing installation shell (12), an output shaft of the driving motor (10) is connected with the push rod (11), and the lower end of the push rod (11) is fixed with the outer side of the working nozzle (4);
the method is characterized in that: the working method of the fuel cell circulation system capable of being accurately adjusted comprises the following steps of:
A. When the hydrogen fuel cell is switched from a low-power working condition to a high-power working condition, the axis of the working nozzle (4) is coincident with the axis of the mixing chamber (6); the driving motor (10) works to push the push rod (11) so as to drive the working nozzle (4) to deflect, so that the axis of the working nozzle (4) and the axis of the mixing chamber (6) form an angle; when the angle is a certain value, the injection coefficient of the fuel cell meets the requirement of the fuel cell, and the driving motor (10) stops working;
B. When the hydrogen fuel cell is switched from a high-power working condition to a low-power working condition, the axis of the working nozzle (4) forms an angle with the axis of the mixing chamber (6); the driving motor (10) starts to work, the push rod (11) is pushed, the working nozzle (4) is driven to deflect, the working nozzle (4) moves towards the central axis of the ejector mixing chamber (6), the angle value formed by the axis of the working nozzle (4) and the axis of the mixing chamber (6) is reduced, when the angle is reduced to a certain value, the ejection coefficient meets the requirement of a fuel cell, and the driving motor (10) stops working.
2. The hydrogen injector capable of accurately adjusting a fuel cell circulation system according to claim 1, wherein: the working fluid inlet pipe (1), the hose (3) and the working nozzle (4) are co-linear in axis when not in operation.
3. The hydrogen injector capable of accurately adjusting a fuel cell circulation system according to claim 1, wherein: the driving motor (10) is a miniature servo motor and is connected with the control system through a control line.
4. The hydrogen injector capable of accurately adjusting a fuel cell circulation system according to claim 1, wherein: the push rod (11) is a solid rod.
5. The hydrogen injector capable of accurately adjusting a fuel cell circulation system according to claim 1, wherein: the axis angle change range of the working nozzle (4) is-5 degrees when the working nozzle works.
6. The hydrogen injector capable of accurately adjusting a fuel cell circulation system according to claim 1, wherein: the adjusting mechanism is arranged on the upper side of the ejector shell (2), and the ejector fluid inlet pipe (5) is arranged on the lower side of the ejector shell (2).
7. The hydrogen injector capable of accurately adjusting a fuel cell circulation system according to claim 1, wherein: the hose (3) is a high-pressure hose.
CN202210911010.5A 2022-07-29 2022-07-29 Hydrogen ejector capable of accurately adjusting fuel cell circulation system Active CN115224300B (en)

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