Casting method of in-line high-speed high-power internal combustion engine nodular cast iron engine body
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, in particular to a casting method of an in-line high-speed high-power internal combustion engine nodular cast iron engine body.
Background
The engine body is a framework of the internal combustion engine, is used for installing almost all parts of the internal combustion engine, is one of the most important parts on the internal combustion engine, bears various loads, has better strength and rigidity, and does not allow casting defects such as shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity, air holes, cracks and the like.
The wall thickness of the internal combustion engine body is greatly different, the structure is complex, gray cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron are generally adopted for casting, and the spheroidal graphite cast iron is generally adopted for the material of the high-speed high-power internal combustion engine body. When the spheroidal graphite cast iron is solidified, the crystallization temperature range is wide, and the pasty solidification characteristic is obvious, so that shrinkage defects are easy to generate, and the machine body is scrapped when the defects are serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the existing defects, and provides a casting method of the in-line high-speed high-power internal combustion engine nodular cast iron body, which can effectively avoid the shrinkage defects of the nodular cast iron body, ensure the stable working performance of the internal combustion engine and effectively solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme that the casting method of the ductile cast iron body of the in-line high-speed high-power internal combustion engine comprises the following steps:
(1) Casting process design
Dividing the top surface of a cylinder of a machine body and the joint surface of an oil pan into a bottom type, a middle type and an upper type, adopting a cylinder hole to vertically cast at a pouring position, adopting bottom pouring side casting at the position of an inner runner on a casting, arranging a riser at the top of a main bearing seat surface and the pouring position of the machine body, and arranging a conformal chill at the equal-thickness large positions of the cylinder hole, the main bearing hole, a side-pulling part bolt hole and an oil duct part;
(2) Manufacturing mould according to designed casting technology
The method comprises the steps of manufacturing a die according to the casting process and a machine body drawing, wherein the manufactured die mainly comprises a bottom die, an upper die, a front end core box, a rear end core box, a 1# cylinder core box, 2# to 5# cylinder core boxes, a 6# cylinder core box and four side wall core boxes, and arranging strong magnets at corresponding positions of conformal chill on the die;
(3) Shaping and core making
The upper sand box and the lower sand box are respectively sleeved on the bottom die and the upper die according to the corresponding pin hole positions, a sprue and an oil pan riser sleeve are placed according to the casting process requirements, then the prepared resin sand is filled, rammed and scraped, and after the resin sand is hardened, the upper sand box and the lower sand box are separated from the bottom die and the upper die to form a bottom die and an upper die. Filling prepared resin sand into the core box and tamping, placing the conformal chill, the vent rope, the core bar and the lifting hook in the operation process, continuously filling the prepared resin sand and tamping and strickling, and taking out the sand core from the core box after the resin sand is hardened. After the upper sand core and the lower sand core are hardened for 24 hours, coating fire-resistant paint;
(4) Core assembly
Sequentially placing 1# cylinder sand cores, 2# cylinder sand cores, 3# cylinder sand cores, 4# cylinder sand cores, 5# cylinder sand cores and 6# cylinder sand cores on the bottom type according to the positions of cylinder core heads, placing bottom 7# side wall cores and 8# side wall cores on the bottom, placing 9# side wall cores and 10# upper side wall cores on the bottom side wall cores, taking the side wall core heads as references, sequentially placing front end cores and rear end cores outside the 1# cylinder cores and the 6# cylinder sand cores, and sleeving a middle sand box on the bottom type;
(5) Box combination
And filling prepared resin sand between the middle sand box and the finished core assembly, tamping and strickling, and closing the upper mould. Placing a pouring cup on the top surface of the upper die, surrounding the periphery of an exhaust hole on the top surface of the upper die with resin sand or a box sealing mud strip to form an air outlet ring higher than the molded surface, and placing a weight;
(6) Smelting and casting
Smelting molten metal by an induction furnace, spheroidizing by a pouring method, wherein the tapping temperature of the molten metal is 1450-1490 ℃, and the pouring temperature is 1330-1370 ℃, and performing stream inoculation during pouring;
(7) Blank cleaning
The body after casting is subjected to shakeout, dead head removal, artificial aging, shot blasting, cleaning and polishing;
(8) Inspection of
Checking mechanical property test blocks, metallographic phase, body hardness and appearance;
(9) And (5) painting.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a core print with positioning and supporting functions is designed at the cylinder hole of the sand core of the cylinder block when the cylinder hole is vertically poured downwards in the step (1).
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step (2), the front end core box, the rear end core box and the side wall core box are all provided with falling-off movable blocks.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the material for manufacturing the die body in the step (2) is Korean pine, resin and metal.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step (4), positioning pins at two ends of the ruler rod are inserted into positioning pin holes at two ends of the middle sand box, core head positions at the core oil pan of the 1# cylinder body, the 2# cylinder body, the 3# cylinder body, the 4# cylinder body, the 5# cylinder body and the 6# cylinder body are respectively adjusted according to the scribing lines on the ruler rod, and the ruler rod is taken down after the adjustment is completed.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step (5), the prepared resin sand is filled between the middle sand box and the finished core assembly, and the upper mould is closed by tamping and strickling.
Compared with the prior art, the casting method of the in-line high-speed high-power internal combustion engine nodular cast iron engine body has the beneficial effects that in order to ensure the compactness of key parts of the engine body and facilitate the feeding of molten iron, the parting position is divided into a lower mold, a middle mold and an upper mold at the top surface of a cylinder of the engine body and the joint surface of an oil pan, the pouring position is vertically poured downwards through a cylinder hole, the position of an inner runner on the casting is horizontally poured downwards, a riser is arranged at the top of the main bearing seat surface and the pouring position of the engine body, a resin sand is molded and made into a core, a middle box is sleeved on the bottom after the core is assembled, and the prepared resin sand is filled between the middle box and the core assembly and is tamped, so that the rigidity of the casting is ensured, the self-feeding capability of the solidification process is improved, and the produced engine body has stable quality and high qualification rate and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a casting assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cylinder core and a base;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bottom sidewall core setting;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an upper sidewall core down;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a tip core setting;
FIG. 6 is a ruler bar detection schematic diagram of cylinder core position;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a medium sand box sand pack;
fig. 8 is a schematic view after closing the box.
In the drawings, a machine body 1, a main bearing seat bolt lug, a3 oil pan riser sleeve, a4 air outlet hole, a 5 air outlet ring, a 6 side pull bolt lug, a 7 main bearing seat riser, an 8 main oil duct lug, a 9 cylinder hole lower side lug, a 10 cylinder hole bolt lug, an 11 inner gate, a 12 runner, a 13 drag flask, a 14 bottom type, a 15 #1 cylinder core, a 16 #2 cylinder core, a 17 # 3 cylinder core, a 18 # 4 cylinder core, a 19 # 5 cylinder core, a 20 # 6 cylinder core, a 21 positioning groove, a 22 # 7 bottom side wall core, a 23 # 8 bottom side wall core, a 24 # 9 upper side wall core, a 25 # 10 upper side wall core, a 26 front end core, a 27 rear end core, a 28 runner lap, a 29 straight hole ceramic filter, a 30 middle flask, a 31 positioning pin, a 32 rod, a middle size, a 34 sprue, a 35 cope flask, a 36 upper type, a 37 sprue cup and a 38 ram.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to FIGS. 1-8, the invention provides a casting method of an in-line high-speed high-power internal combustion engine nodular cast iron engine body, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Casting process design
The method comprises the steps that the top surface of a cylinder of a machine body 1 and the joint surface of an oil pan are divided into a bottom mold 14, a middle mold 33 and an upper mold 36, a pouring position adopts cylinder holes to vertically pour downwards, an inner runner is poured on a casting by adopting bottom pouring side pouring, a main bearing seat riser 7 is arranged on the main bearing seat surface of the machine body, an oil pan riser sleeve 3 is arranged at the top of the pouring position, a main bearing seat bolt lug 2, a side pull bolt lug 6, a main oil duct lug 8, a cylinder hole lower side lug 9 and a cylinder hole bolt lug 10 are arranged at equal thickness positions of the cylinder holes, the main bearing hole bolts and other thick large parts, and core heads with positioning and supporting functions are designed at cylinder core cylinder holes of a cylinder body during the downward vertical pouring of the cylinder holes;
(2) Manufacturing mould according to designed casting technology
According to the casting process and the machine body drawing manufacturing die, the manufactured die mainly comprises a bottom die, an upper die, a front end core box, a rear end core box, a 1# cylinder core box, a 2# cylinder core box, a 3# cylinder core box, a 4# cylinder core box, a 5# cylinder core box, a 6# cylinder core box, a 7# bottom side wall core box, a 8# bottom side wall core box, a 9# upper side wall core box and a 10# upper side wall core box, wherein the periphery of a main body frame of the front end core box, the rear end core box and the four side wall core boxes adopts a falling loose piece, the die drawing inclination of a matching surface is reduced to ensure core assembling precision, and a strong magnet is arranged at a corresponding position of a conformal chill on the die.
(3) Shaping and core making
The upper sand box 35 and the lower sand box 13 are respectively sleeved on the bottom die and the upper die according to the corresponding pin hole positions, the sprue 34 and the oil pan riser sleeve 3 are placed according to the casting process requirements, then the prepared resin sand is filled in and tamped and scraped, after the resin sand is hardened, the upper sand box 35 and the lower sand box 13 are separated from the bottom die and the upper die to form a bottom die 14 and an upper die 36, the prepared resin sand is placed in and tamped in the core box, the conformal chill, the air outlet rope, the core bar and the lifting hook are placed in the operation process, the prepared resin sand is continuously filled in and tamped and scraped, after the resin sand is hardened, the sand core is taken out from the core box, and after the casting mold and the sand core are hardened for 24 hours, the refractory paint is coated.
(4) Core assembly
The cylinder core head position is sequentially put into the cylinder core 15, the cylinder core 16, the cylinder core 17, the cylinder core 18, the cylinder core 19 and the cylinder core 20 according to the cylinder core head position, the cylinder core 22, the cylinder core 23 are put on the bottom layer side wall core by referring to the positioning groove 21 position on the bottom mold 14, and the upper side wall core 24 and the upper side wall core 25 are put on the bottom layer side wall core. The front end core 26 and the rear end core 27 are sequentially placed outside the 1# cylinder core box 15 and the 6# cylinder core box 20 by taking the side wall core head as a reference. The middle sand box 30 is sleeved on the bottom, positioning pins 31 at two ends of the ruler 32 are inserted into positioning pin holes at two ends of the middle sand box 30, core head positions of the oil pan of the 1# cylinder core 15, the 2# cylinder core 16, the 3# cylinder core 17, the 4# cylinder core 18, the 5# cylinder core 19 and the 6# cylinder core 20 are adjusted according to the scribing lines on the ruler 32, and the ruler 32 is taken down after the adjustment is completed, so that the position accuracy of the cylinder cores is ensured.
(5) Box combination
Filling prepared resin sand between a middle sand box 30 and a finished core assembly, tamping and strickling to form a middle mold 33, closing an upper mold 36, placing a pouring cup 37 on the top surface of the upper mold 36, surrounding an air outlet ring 5 which is higher than a molded surface by using the resin sand or a box sealing mud strip and the like around an air outlet hole 4 on the top surface of the upper mold 36, and placing a weight 38;
(6) Smelting and casting
Smelting molten metal by an induction furnace, spheroidizing by a pouring method, wherein the tapping temperature of the molten metal is 1450-1490 ℃, and the pouring temperature is 1330-1370 ℃, and performing stream inoculation during pouring;
(7) Blank cleaning
Placing the cast machine body for 72 hours, and then carrying out shakeout, casting head removal, artificial aging, shot blasting and polishing;
(8) Inspection of
Checking mechanical property test blocks, metallographic phase, body hardness and appearance;
(1) And (5) painting.
And (5) coating antirust primer according to the requirement.
The upper mold 36 is provided with an air outlet 4, the bottom mold 14 also comprises a straight-hole ceramic filter sheet 29, and the straight-hole ceramic filter sheet 29 is positioned in the cross runner overlap joint part 28. The molten metal sequentially passes through the pouring cup 37, the sprue 34, the sprue lap joint part 28, the straight hole ceramic filter disc 29, the sprue 12, the inner sprue 11, the machine body 1, the main bearing seat riser 7, the oil pan riser sleeve 3 and the air outlet 4, the pouring system is open, the impact force of the molten iron on the machine body cavity is small, the mold filling is stable, the gas in the cavity is easy to be discharged in sequence, and the whole sequential solidification and the local simultaneous solidification can be achieved by adopting the chill and the riser.
The invention has simple operation, wide application range, less investment, universal sand box when different machine models and small difference in external dimensions, convenient production organization, stable quality of the machine body produced by the invention, high qualification rate, no shrinkage defect and suitability for large-scale popularization and application.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.