CN115210466B - Method and apparatus for generating electrical energy using a wind/solar panel arrangement - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for generating electrical energy using a wind/solar panel arrangement Download PDFInfo
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- CN115210466B CN115210466B CN202080092562.7A CN202080092562A CN115210466B CN 115210466 B CN115210466 B CN 115210466B CN 202080092562 A CN202080092562 A CN 202080092562A CN 115210466 B CN115210466 B CN 115210466B
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/34—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
- H02S10/12—Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/30—Wind power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
一种利用风力发电装置产生电能的方法，该风力发电装置包括至少一个喷嘴，该喷嘴包括收敛器和扩张器并具有布置在其中的风力涡轮机以及产生电能的发电机，所述方法包括：使用从结构的表面反弹的风力流来旋转风力涡轮机叶轮的工作叶片。设置在喷嘴内的风力涡轮机安装在风力流通过结构的表面时的最大加速度点，更具体地，安装在结构的表面的接合角处，这样当风向改变时，风力涡轮机继续运行。扩张器和收敛器的表面接合到结构的表面，因此允许由结构的顺风表面与收敛器一起捕获的风力流通过风力涡轮机并允许该风力流通过与结构的相对表面结合的扩张器排出；所述风力流通过的风力涡轮机具有水平旋转轴，并将结构的表面相交的角度分成若干相等的角度；用于产生电能的发电机安装在喷嘴中；由结构的表面加速的风力流在结构的表面相交的角处被通过将喷嘴沿其外周连接在一起而排成一列的风力涡轮机拦截。
A method for generating electric energy using a wind power generation device, the wind power generation device comprising at least one nozzle, the nozzle comprising a converger and an expander and having a wind turbine arranged therein and a generator for generating electric energy, the method comprising: using the wind flow rebounded from the surface of a structure to rotate the working blades of the wind turbine impeller. The wind turbine arranged in the nozzle is installed at the maximum acceleration point when the wind flow passes through the surface of the structure, more specifically, at the junction angle of the surface of the structure, so that when the wind direction changes, the wind turbine continues to operate. The surfaces of the expander and the converger are joined to the surface of the structure, thereby allowing the wind flow captured by the downwind surface of the structure together with the converger to pass through the wind turbine and allowing the wind flow to be discharged through the expander combined with the opposite surface of the structure; the wind turbine through which the wind flow passes has a horizontal rotation axis and divides the angle at which the surface of the structure intersects into several equal angles; the generator for generating electric energy is installed in the nozzle; the wind flow accelerated by the surface of the structure is intercepted by the wind turbines arranged in a row by connecting the nozzles together along their peripheries at the corners at which the surfaces of the structure intersect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar energy and wind energy, which can be used for generating electricity in cities, towns, factories, farms and fields.
Background
The proposed invention uses wind and solar energy flows reflected by solar panels (solar cells) and the outer plane of the building structure, wherein the wind flow (wind flows) is accelerated in a converging-diverging nozzle so that wind power generation is produced, and the outer plane of the converging-diverging nozzle fitted with photocells can capture the direct and reflected photon flux so that solar power generation is produced. The overall design of a power plant capable of utilizing wind and solar energy reduces the cost of electrical energy generation and also increases the power generation of solar panels in which wind solar panels are installed due to the reflection of additional photon flux thereon. The water-cooled wind-driven solar panel can generate more electric energy and can also extract heat energy. In order to reduce the cost and increase the power generation, wind solar panels are fitted with photon reflectors made of reflective or light diffuse reflective materials.
[1] As a similar approach, the method according to patent CA 2753979 can be employed. The fundamental difference from a similar solution is that the claimed application uses turbines with horizontal rotation axes, whereas a similar solution uses turbines with vertical rotation axes (rotating disc turbines), which are almost twice as efficient. The second fundamental difference is that the claimed application uses converging-diverging nozzles that accelerate the air flow to a maximum on the turbine, while a similar approach uses a long angled duct that does not accelerate the air flow on the turbine, but instead decelerates it. Furthermore, a similar approach of converging nozzles captures not the maximum acceleration wind flow, but only a portion of it, in contrast to the claimed application having converging-diverging nozzles with turbines mounted in the center of the maximum acceleration flow, such that the generator produces the maximum possible power. Considering that power depends on the cube of wind speed, the difference in power output may be several tens of times. The third fundamental difference is that the converging nozzle of the claimed application, with its adjacent planes entering the plane of the building and the opposite planes making an obtuse angle with the plane of the building, wherein the turbine is open to the maximum high speed wind flow, whereas in the case of a similar solution, the adjacent and opposite planes are parallel to the plane of the building and only part of the accelerating flow enters it and the turbine is closed to the maximum accelerating flow. The structure of the similar scheme is high in material consumption and therefore high in cost. In a similar arrangement, the internal plane of the duct supplying the gas flow to the turbine is not open to photon irradiation. The wind farm proposed in the present application can be assembled from conventional computer electric fans (coolers) which are mounted in a small mixer-diffuser (confuser-diffuser) planar nozzle from which wind and direct sunlight are collected, in terms of material consumption, which significantly reduces construction costs and increases power generation due to cooling of photovoltaic cells and cleaning of surface dust with wind streams.
[2] As another similar patent US20110049904 that can be employed, a convergent-divergent section is made of square sections and assembled into squares of many such sections. The essence of this patent is to accelerate the air flow through a nozzle that rotates the turbine.
The patent adopts a long pipeline structure with unidirectional air inlet, namely, the device can only work unidirectionally, has great resistance to wind power flow, and therefore, has low efficiency, and has high design cost due to high material consumption. Capturing the wind flow requires a rotating mechanism and tracking system, which makes the power plant very costly to use. In the claimed invention, the turbines work in both directions and are placed in short pipes (nozzles) that do not require a rotating system and a tracking system, which reduces their cost. If the wind solar panel is mounted on a solar panel with an existing rotation system, this does not increase the total cost of the system, but increases the amount of power generation, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the structure.
[3] As an initial form, patent CA 2739535 A1 proposes a method and device, essentially for generating electrical energy from wind and sun. The wind flow accelerated by the plane of the building is accelerated by a converging nozzle made of solar panels (solar cells) which rotates the turbine and then exits through a diffuser also made of solar panels. The dimensions of the height and width of the converging-diverging section are smaller than the length of the nozzle, which increases the drag of the wind farm and thus reduces the efficiency, increases the material consumption and thus increases the cost. In its original form, the essential difference from the claimed invention is that the solar ray capture plane does not capture the airflow of the turbine, and therefore the accelerated airflow does not cool the solar panel. In the original form, as with the previous similar approach, the converging nozzle and turbine are not set to maximum acceleration wind flow, and therefore the generator will produce less power than in the claimed invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The problem addressed by the present invention relates to improving the efficiency of power generation, reducing costs and expanding technical capabilities by incorporating solar and wind power plants in a design that helps to increase wind flow speed, capture additional reflected solar flux, and increase the total capture area of solar and wind flow. The invention also solves the problem of extracting additional power in an already operating solar power plant (SPS) which is equipped with wind solar panels and which works from solar and wind flows and from sunlight reflected from the planes of the solar panels and wind solar panels. The invention solves the problem of the solar wind panel generating heat energy by heating a coolant that reduces the temperature of the photovoltaic cells, which results in additional heat and electricity generation. The invention solves the problems of reducing the equipment cost and reducing the equipment installation and operation cost. The present invention significantly reduces screw noise by reducing the turbine diameter and installing it in the nozzle body, thereby solving the problem of reducing the negative impact of noise on humans and the environment.
The economic benefit of using Solar Wind Panels (SWP) is achieved by the dual use of existing structures. Thus, for example, the transverse plane of the building surface serves at the same time as a structural element of the building itself and at the same time as a structural element of the converging-diverging nozzle, which captures the wind flow with its surface and accelerates it and captures the photon flow and reflects it onto the panel. The solar wind panel is directly installed at a location on a building, reduces power loss during transportation to consumers, and reduces wire consumption to a consumption site, according to a layout similar to that of a solar panel (solar cell).
These objects are achieved by a method of generating electrical energy in a wind power plant comprising at least one nozzle comprising converging and diverging nozzles in which wind turbines are located, and an electrical power generating generator comprising rotating rotor blades of a rotor of the wind turbines due to wind currents reflected from planes of the structure, whereas the wind turbines in the nozzles are mounted in positions of maximum wind current acceleration when bending (bending) around the planes of the structure, i.e. at junction angles (junction angles) of the planes of the structure, such that when the wind direction changes to opposite directions, the wind turbines continue to operate, characterized in that the diverging and converging planes in combination with the planes of the structure allow wind currents collected by lee sides of the structure together with converging nozzles to pass through the wind turbines and divert the currents together with the opposite planes of the structure through the diverging nozzles, the wind turbines through which the wind currents have horizontal rotational axes and angle the junction angles of the planes of the structure are equal, the electrical power generating generator being mounted in the nozzles, whereas the wind currents accelerated by the planes of the structure are combined at junction angles of the planes of the structures along the periphery of the planes of the structure to provide a power outage control signal for the operation of the wind turbines. The planes of the nozzles are solar cells that capture both wind flow and photons directly from the sun to these planes and photons reflected from the planes of the structure, combining the portions of the wind farm with photovoltaic cells into two or more to form a Solar Wind Panel (SWP), where the power plant is built in continuous lines along the entire length, capturing both wind and solar flows most effectively. In order to reduce the cost of SWP, they are mounted on Solar Panels (SP) already placed on the structure, which are part of the plane of the nozzle body or of the structure, wherein instead of SP the plane of the structure is covered with a specular or diffuse reflective coating to reflect photons on the SWP plane, while solar panels are cooled by water flow, which may generate additional power and heat energy, in order to increase the power generation and reduce the cost of SWP, it is mounted on already running solar panels in order to capture as much as possible the wind flow accelerated by the SP plane, while the solar flux reflected from the SWP plane is directed to SP, i.e. the whole system of two panels, when combined into a solar-wind solar panel (SWSP) using existing electrical communication for conversion and transmission of power, while if running solar panels are equipped with a rotary solar tracking system, when wind and solar panels are placed thereon, the rotation is performed on the basis of the power generated by the sun or wind, the tracking system will SWSP with greater power generated by the sun and the wind tracking system will adjust to the wind system SWSP with greater power generated by the current.
The device comprises a structural plane reflecting the wind flow, at least one section comprising a wind turbine having a rotor mounted in a narrow section of the nozzle, said nozzle comprising converging and diverging nozzles, guiding and straightening blades and a generator generating electricity, and these sections being fixed in a line and mounted at the junction angle of the plane of the structure such that the planes of the diverging and converging nozzles are joined to the plane of the structure, thereby increasing their working area, characterized in that the device is a wind farm, each section being made of square cross-section along the periphery, the wind turbine through which the wind flow passes having a horizontal rotation axis and dividing the junction angle of the plane of the structure into equal several angles, and the rotor and generator being fixed in a housing, said rotor being held from the sides of the converging nozzles by guiding blades made in the form of fixed wheels and mounted on the converging nozzles, and being held at the sides of the diverging nozzles-by straightening blades made in the form of fixed wheels and mounted on the diverging nozzles, these sections being fixed by fastening contacts, providing control signals for the operation and power transmission of the wind turbine. The plane of the nozzle capturing the wind is made of a photocell converting solar energy into electrical energy, the housing of the wind power plant, wherein the plane of the nozzle is made of a photocell, is made of one part, is combined into two or more to form a Solar Wind Panel (SWP), thereby reducing the production costs, whereas in this case the converging-diverging nozzle is placed along the length with a width of the SWP not exceeding its height and the degree of divergence of the nozzle should not exceed 10, wherein the divergence angle is not greater than 150 °. The rotor is fixed behind the blades of the wind wheel, the wind wheel rotates bi-directionally on a horizontal pin shaft which is fixed in bearings held by blades of guide and straightening blades which are fixed on the outer plane of the housing, and in order to improve energy efficiency, the SWP housing is cooled by a duct representing the housing frame, the SWP is mounted at the junction of the planes of Solar Panels (SPs) already mounted on the structure, and in order to improve energy efficiency, adjacent areas of the structure are covered with a photon mirror or matte paint, the SWP is placed at the upper edge of the SP (SP is an already running solar power plant) to form a new energy system allowing to increase the power generation by solar and wind flows, and when the SP is equipped with a rotating system, the SWP starts generating power with the rotating system, according to the power generation, the SWP on the front side is closed by the double-sided SP which is connected by a hinge on the upper edge, and is opened at a certain angle according to the power generation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a portion of a solar wind panel according to one embodiment of the application, including a portion with a turbine shown in disassembled form;
FIG. 2 illustrates a solar wind panel connected from five sections according to one embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 illustrates an apparatus including a building structure according to one embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a solar wind panel installed at an upper corner of the solar panel according to one embodiment of the application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the front of a VSP according to one embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a portion of a solar wind panel, comprising a portion with a turbine shown in disassembled form.
The proposed method embodies the device shown in fig. 1, which comprises in an integral part a photovoltaic cell 1, a tubular frame 2, a turbine comprising a wind wheel 3 with a horizontal rotation shaft 4 mounted in a bearing 5, a generator comprising a rotor 6 and a stator 7 in a housing 8, the photovoltaic cell and the bearing being mounted on the housing 8, being fixed by means of guide vanes 9 and straightening vanes 10. I.e. the wind rotor and the generator are fixed in a housing, which is held from the sides of the converging nozzle by guide blades fixed to the converging nozzle and from the sides of the diverging nozzle by straightening blades fixed to the diverging nozzle. The power generated by the turbine is transmitted through one cable and the power generated by the photovoltaic cells is transmitted through another cable, which is connected to the power converter where the inverter, controller and other devices are located. To cool the photovoltaic cells and the generator, water enters the housing through the first conduit 11 and is discharged through the second conduit 12, thereby removing excess heat, allowing additional power generation.
[4] The flow rate through the cross-sectional area F, p is equal to the product of this area and the flow velocity V and the kinetic energy per flow, p= (ρf3)/2, where p is the flux density. This statement shows that the highest efficiency in generator generation is achieved not by increasing the capture area and flux density, but by increasing the speed of the wind flow. By doubling the speed, the power on the generator is increased by eight times and by increasing the flow rate by ten times, the power produced by the generator is increased by one thousand times.
In fig. 1, SWP front side section (section) is square, and height a reaches the maximum acceleration wind current value. The central part of the section, i.e. the position of the horizontal rotation axis of the rotor with the rotor, is mounted in the centre of the maximally accelerated wind flow by means of solar panels or building structures. Part of the nozzle housing does not overlap the rotor from the maximum acceleration center portion of the wind flow, so the efficiency of SWP power generation becomes maximum. [5] Calculating the aerodynamic properties of the blade using the ANSYS CFX software package, it can be noted that the width of the maximum acceleration flow is about 20 to 50 times smaller compared to the height of the obstacle. Thus, on buildings with a height of 10 meters, for example, it is recommended to use sections with a side length of not more than half a meter.
The solar wind panel can work bidirectionally under the influence of wind current and photons. The heights of solar panels are relatively small because they are designed to capture very narrow bands of wind, which will achieve the highest flow rates as it bypasses obstacles. In the construction of the SWP section, the characteristics of the structure that capture the wind flow with minimal frictional losses, while also capturing the solar flow, need to be considered, and have little material consumption.
Therefore, the solar wind panel has small width, thereby reducing material consumption and reducing resistance to wind flow. [6] According to practical experience, the characteristics of a converging-diverging nozzle will depend on the divergence angle α, the degree of divergence n=f 1/F0, where F 1 is the converging nozzle capture area, F 0 is the nozzle minimum cross-sectional area, where l is the length of the nozzle critical portion, and D is the diameter of the nozzle critical portion. According to the manual, the body of the SWP section should have as small a width as possible in order to reduce friction losses and to increase the efficiency of the generator. The length of the critical part of the nozzle should also be as small as possible in the direction of the wind flow, the expansion ratio should not exceed 10, and the divergence angle should not exceed 150 °.
Thus, when a building is erected with a height of 10m, where the obstacle avoidance height of the accelerating stream does not exceed 0.5m, the optimal height of the SWP should be about 400mm. Based on this, the cross section in fig. 1 will have a square cross section with a height a and a length B of 400x400 mm. In order to reduce material consumption and reduce drag, the width C of the portion should be as small as possible and should not exceed the height A. For calculation, a portion was used, the width of which was 162mm at 140 ° divergence angle, and the length of the critical portion of the nozzle was 10mm, which was necessary to place the fastener between the helical blade and the rotor. With a five fold expansion the frontal area of this section will be 16dm 2, thus the wind wheel has a diameter of 200mm and an area of 3.14dm 2.
The cubic relationship between wind energy and wind speed, calculated as annual average wind speed at a particular location, can greatly exceed the energy produced by a mast farm, known from the sandian laboratory (Sandia Laboratories). The mast wind farm starts running at a wind speed of 5m/s and stops running at a wind speed of 12.5m/s, from which the wind wheels switch to braking mode until reaching a wind speed of 22m/s, until completely stopped, so that they run in a very narrow wind speed range. Given that mast wind turbines are not suitable for low and high wind speeds, the contribution to the annual average total power production is typically small. The proposed wind turbine installed in SWP can operate in almost the entire wind speed range of 0.5 to 25m/s or higher because its diameter does not exceed 500mm. Thus, the generator can generate electric power with three times stronger wind power, thereby increasing the electric power output by 27 times. In a conventional wind farm, since the gear box realizes stable rotation of the rotor, this reduces the efficiency of power generation. The proposed solution improves efficiency by placing the rotor behind the screw on the horizontal rotation axis, stabilizing the rotation speed due to the large moment of inertia, thus smoothing the variation of wind speed.
[7] The moment of inertia is the sum of the product of the mass of each particle of the object and the square of the distance of the particle from the axis of rotation. This value is referred to as the moment of inertia i (in this example, the rotation system) of the object i=Σm·r 2. By moving the mass of the rotor away from the axis of rotation and increasing the moment of inertia, gusts can be eliminated, i.e. the rotor starts to operate more smoothly. When the wind speed increases, it gradually increases the rotational speed, and when the wind speed decreases, it gradually decreases the rotational speed.
[8] The EMF value induced by the generator is proportional to the magnetic flux F generated by the main pole and the rotor speed n, e=cfn, where C is a constant coefficient that combines the number of turns of the armature winding, the pole pair number, and its constant value used to characterize the generator.
During operation of the electric machine in generator mode, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. The process is based on the law of electromagnetic induction. The applied force F acts on a conductor placed in the magnetic field and causes its induction vector B perpendicular to the magnetic field to move at a velocity v, while an electromotive force E is induced in the conductor, e=bl v, where B is the magnetic induction strength, T, l is the effective length of the conductor in the magnetic field, m, v is the velocity of the conductor, m/s. Thus, using a rotor with a larger diameter than the screw diameter, the generator can generate more power because the speed of the conductors in the rotor will be higher. The rotor may be made of permanent magnets or may take the form of a "squirrel cage" for an asynchronous motor. The rotor, which is fixed to the outside of the screw, prevents damage at almost any rotational speed that can be provided by the wind flow.
Fig. 2 shows a solar panel (SWP) 13 of five sections connected, the housing of which is integrated to reduce costs. A panel made up of two or more parts can reduce its cost and equipment installation costs. In order to increase the power generation, the upper plane of SWP is closed by the photovoltaic cell 1. It is easy to arrange several wind-powered solar panels in a row, which will collect a large amount of wind and solar energy flows. By placing the SWP and connecting with the Solar Panel (SP) 14 along the lower edge, additional effects for generating electricity can be created during SWP operation and costs can be significantly reduced. The photon flux will fall directly on the photocells 1 placed on the SWP and SP shells, and be reflected from their planes, redirected to their photocells, SWP and SP being set at an angle β within 110 ≡160°, which allows to collect the wind flow 15 and the solar flow 16 effectively. To reduce cost, the same or larger area of reflector plane is mounted in front of the SWP to reflect photons instead of the solar panel. As reflector a specular or matte surface with a smooth or corrugated surface may be used.
[9] A diffuse reflector may be used as the reflector to improve the power generation effect. The reflector may be a flat surface of a building, which may be coated with a reflective or diffuse reflective coating to enhance the effect.
The apparatus shown in fig. 3 comprises a building structure 17 to which five wind-powered solar panels 13 are secured, typically assembled from 25 sections in a straight line, with solar panels 14 mounted on each side of the wind-powered solar panels 13. The wind flow 15 accelerated by the plane of the building structure 18 enters the SWP13 located in the most accelerated wind flow along the bisector of the plane junction. The wind flow cools the photovoltaic cells of the solar panel 14, allowing the photovoltaic cells to produce more power. On hot days, SWP photocells are cooled by plumbing-fed water, which can also generate additional power and heat for the house. Solar flux 16 falling on the plane of the building structure 18 and the plane of the SWP is reflected onto the photovoltaic cells of the SWP. Solar flux falling on the SWP plane is reflected onto the SP plane, so that additional power generation can be performed.
On a building structure, solar panels may be placed at the vertical and horizontal junctions of the building plane at the maximum acceleration of the wind flow. The accelerating flow resulting from striking the sides of the building (bypassing the corners) will also pass through the converging nozzle, while additionally accelerating and rotating the rotor, exiting through the diverging nozzle. Thus, the solar panels may be disposed along the horizontal, vertical and tilt angles of the building.
The solar wind panels proposed by the present application allow the collection of wind and solar energy from large ground planes, as compared to classical wind farms on masts and individual solar panels.
The efficiency of SWP is achieved by increasing the wind speed on a large plane, i.e. SWP with smaller rotor area will produce the same amount of power as a mast wind farm with a large rotor. For example, if the SWP rotor has a diameter of 200mm and an area of 3dm 2, if it receives ten times the accelerated wind flow, this means that its power generation will be equivalent to that of a mast farm capturing normal wind with a rotor of 3000dm 2 (diameter 6 m). The efficiency of SWP use is achieved by collecting wind and solar energy from large building planes that collide with the mobile phases of wind and photons.
The low velocity wind flow, which encounters obstacles in the form of building walls, is not very strong and therefore not very energy-consuming in terms of friction, but because of the large building wall area, the wind flow can be compressed and can accelerate considerably when bending around the wall plane. Furthermore, the accelerated flow entering the converging nozzle of the turbine accelerates and further rotates the rotor even more. When slight drag is generated, the optimum narrowing of the converging nozzle is in the range of 0.5 to 10 times. Therefore, the convergent nozzle expansion degree for calculating the panel section efficiency is within 5.
It is contemplated that the present invention relates to an application in a rural residence having an area of 90m 2 and a vertical height of 9m, as shown in figure 3. Solar panels are installed along the corners of the roof of the house. The house roof consists of two inclined planes, each inclined plane has an area of 80m 2, and the joint of the planes has a length of 11.5m. The area of the side wall below the roof plane is 60m 2. The solar panel is composed of 25 parts and is vertically installed at the corner of the roof along the edge of the ridge, and the length is 10m. Each section has an area of 5.6m 2 from which the wind flow around the building is collected. The panel part is made in the form of a square body with dimensions 400 x 162, wherein the rotor has a diameter of 200mm and a coverage area of 3dm 2, and the rotor is mounted outside the periphery of the rotor. The radius of the rotor is larger than the radius of the rotor, so that it has a larger moment of inertia, which makes it possible to accelerate the air flow to a very high speed at the moment of a gust, to smoothly rotate the rotor, and to smoothly decelerate the rotor when the wind pressure is released. This feature enables the screw and rotor to withstand very high accelerations and to operate at any wind speed without breaking, and the smoothness of the rotor rotation makes it possible to simplify the electronics for converting the mechanical energy of the rotor rotation into electrical energy. Based on the preliminary estimate, the cost of a portion is approximately 10,000RUB. Thus, a solar panel consisting of five sections would cost 50,000RUB. The area of the photovoltaic panel placed on one portion of the solar wind panel reaches 35dm 2 and therefore its cost will be about 3500RUB.
A solar panel consisting of 25 sections will be able to accommodate photovoltaic cells with an area of 8.75m 2, which in south latitude areas can produce 180W of electricity per square meter. Thus, the entire solar wind panel will produce a maximum of 1.6kW of electricity. A standard wind turbine with an area of 1m 2 generates 500W at a wind of 12.5m/s, so that in the un-accelerated wind flow, a partial generator of one solar panel will generate 15W. Considering that the wind flow is accelerated by the building approximately twice and by the nozzles five times, the speed on the turbine can reach 125m/s. When the wind accelerates ten times, the electric energy generated by the generator increases by thousands of times, namely, the maximum possible generation of 15kW by the generator. Considering that the friction losses will not exceed 2/3, it can be assumed that the generator will actually produce 5kW for a given wind power. Thus, all SWPs in this wind will be able to produce 125kW. In the russian middle, the wind speed is reduced approximately twice, which means that the power production will be reduced eight times, and will reach 15.6kW, but still ten times the power production of the solar SWP. Thus, the average power generation of the solar panel driven by wind and solar energy was 17.2kWh. At this point in time, the market value of a solar power plant with a capacity of 17kW is approximately 400 valvular, and the wind farm is 150 valvular. If half of the power is generated by solar energy and the other half is generated by a wind power plant, the total cost will be 275 kilorubs. The cost of one 17.2kW wind solar panel in the series does not exceed 550,000RUB, where the photovoltaic cells would cost 90,000RUB, the generator would cost 250,000RUB, and the remaining costs from the controller and inverter. A power plant can be marketed in the range of 100 kilorubs, which would be a relatively low cost for a large capacity power plant that would not only meet the energy requirements of a house, but also of multiple houses at the same time.
[10] The proposed method can be used for energy production with very high economic benefit in national economy. This is especially true when Solar Wind Panels (SWP) are used in combination with solar panels, which are assembled into powerful power plants. By installing the solar wind panel 13 (fig. 4) at the upper corner of the solar panel 14, the problem of night power generation can be solved. In fig. 4, the SP is mounted on a stand 19 with a rotation system and a sun-tracking system. When used in conjunction with SWP and SP, the system is supplemented by wind tracking and follows the sun or wind according to the power generation of the photovoltaic cells and generators.
The wind flow 15 captures the entire area of the SP, accelerates it and directs it to the SWP rotor, and the solar flux 16 reflected from the SP is directed to the SWP photocells and vice versa. Solar flux 16 reflected from the SWP plane falls on the SP plane. The power generation of a solar power plant is limited by the presence of the sun, in the absence of the sun, the power plant does not generate electricity and the plant is in an idle state. This is especially important when the peak hours are after sunset and the consumer is particularly dependent on the power supply. A single solar panel may cover a large area, for example, in the united states they use solar panels with a side length of 8x8m (i.e. 64m 2) which can capture not only photon flux but also wind flow. By placing a solar wind panel on top of the solar panel, additional electrical energy can be generated all the time if there is wind. At night, the sun-tracking system will activate the wind-tracking system, and the SP will also have an optimum tilt angle of 45 from the horizon. This will maximize the area of blocking wind flow without blocking adjacent SPs. According to the same solution, it is proposed to install solar panels on mirrors of a solar power plant, heating the water to steam, thereby rotating the turbine. The area of the mirrors amounts to 120m 2, for a total of 1300, these plants are not working at night, and each mirror is equipped with a system that follows the rotation of the sun. It is therefore also proposed to equip these mirrors with wind-powered solar panels so that additional electricity can be generated both during the day and during the night. In order to reduce the cost of SWP, it is suggested to manufacture without using a photocell, with its surface specularly or diffusely reflecting to reflect photons in the plane of the SP or mirror.
[11] The cost of a combined power plant equipped with SWP increases by no more than 10% of the total cost of a solar or photo-thermal power plant, and the power generation can be increased by at least a factor of two. For example, a solar power plant located in krimia with a capacity of 100 megawatts and a value of 3 hundred million euros. Thus, equipping the power plant with a wind solar panel of 3000 kiloeuros will make it possible to produce at least 200 megawatts of electricity. In this case, for example, half the amount of power generation will be at night.
The advantage of the solar panel is that the small diameter wind turbine is located inside the nozzle housing, the noise and mechanical vibrations of the turbine being damped behind the guide blades and straightening blades. The rotation of small diameter turbines generates high frequencies that decay rapidly and do not propagate over long distances.
In fig. 5, the front of VSP13 is shown closed by a bifacial solar panel (DSP) 20, which can be opened by rotation about a mounting axis 21. Due to the DSP opening, it is possible to achieve a greater capture of wind and solar flux. The opening angle of the DSP on each side is determined by the control system due to the amount of power generated by the generator and the photocell.
From an economic point of view it is necessary to take into account that the price of wind turbines starts to rise with increasing diameter, whereas with decreasing diameter the price will drop, and therefore the costs of wind turbines smaller than half a meter used in SWP will be lowest.
Conventional mast farms start generating electricity at wind speeds exceeding 5 m/s. Solar panels can operate at wind speeds of 0.5m/s because they use wind flows collected from the entire area of the sides of a building or solar panel, which may be hundreds of square meters.
Currently, expensive solar panels are rigidly fixed to land occupying more than 100 hectares. When SWPs are placed on top of them, additional power generation is possible, which is actually captured from a blowing sector equal to 300 °. Depending on the construction conditions of the SWP nozzle, its opening angle may reach 150 °, so wind will blow it from 300 °. Thus, the solar panel will produce the greatest possible amount of electricity at the greatest possible times of day and night. The solar panel will capture photons from the sun and photons reflected from the SWP plane simultaneously, and will produce more electrical energy.
A power plant that operates using both energy sources, such as wind and solar energy, would be most efficient. Additional effects will be created due to the unified system of energy conversion, wiring and transmission to the consumer. The efficiency of use of solar panels and solar wind panels for building structures makes it possible to consider such methods and devices useful for a wide range of applications in the energy field.
Reference is made to:
[1] Francoshan-ganik-CA 2753979 A1, -corner wind turbines of high-rise buildings (Corner wind turbine for tall building), 2010.09.29;
[2] robert M French radar-US 20110049904, a modular array fluid flow energy conversion facility, 2007.12.10;
[3] kristolochia georgi edwardsiella-CA 2739535, -roof-based energy conversion system (Roof based energy conversion system), 2007.10.09;
[4] D. delrenzov-wind energy, -m. publisher "Energoatomizdat",1982,ch.1.12.1(D.de Renzo–Wind energy,–M.:Publisher"Energoatomizdat",1982,ch.1.12.1);
[5] Valnli Wo Rida Yev-calculation of blade aerodynamic properties// electronic resources using ANSYS CFX software package ：https://sapr.ru/article/22024(Valery Vozhdaev–Calculation of aerodynamic characteristics of the vane using the ANSYS CFX software package//Electronic resource:https://sapr.ru/article/22024);
[6] I.E. Yidellch-handbook of pneumatic and hydraulic resistances (I.E. Idelchik-Handbook of pneumatic and hydraulic resistance);
[7] volume 1-M.publisher "Mir" 1989, pp.275-279 (D.Giancilli-Physics.volume 1, -M. Publisher "Mir" 1989, pp.275-279);
[8] You A kulick motor, -m. publisher "Higher School",1966,pp.62–79(Yu.A.Kulik–Electrical machines,–M.:Publisher"Higher School",1966,pp.62–79);
[9] Ed. G.S. Lanzbeger-physical foundation textbook, volume 3, vibration and fluctuation, optics, atomic and nuclear physics-M.: publishers "FIZMATLIT",2000,pp.202(Ed.G.S.Landsberg–Elementary textbook of physics.Vol.3.Vibrations and waves.Optics.Atomic and nuclear physics.–M.:Publisher"FIZMATLIT",2000,pp.202);
[10] V. Grir Ma Nuowei, A. Duling-alternative energy, practical design with wind, sun, water, earth, biomass energy-St. St. Peterburg, publisher "science and technology" Limited liability company ,2011,pp.190–200(V.Germanovich,A.Turilin–Alternative energy sources.Practical designs for the use of wind,sun,water,earth,biomass energy.–St.Petersburg:Publisher"Science and Technology"LLC,2011,pp.190–200);
[11] Anderi-Kash Carlov-solar cells and modules as power source// modern electronics –2015.–No.5.–pp.8(Andrey Kashkarov–Solar batteries and modules as power sources//Modern electronics.–2015.–No.5.–pp.8).
Claims (8)
1. A method of generating electrical energy by a wind power plant comprising at least one nozzle comprising converging and diverging nozzles in which wind turbines are located and an electrical power generating generator, the method comprising rotating rotor blades of a rotor of the wind turbine as a result of wind flow reflected from a plane of the structure, mounting the wind turbines within the nozzles at a position where the wind flow acceleration is greatest when bending around the plane of the structure, i.e. at a junction angle of the plane of the structure, such that when the wind directions are opposite, the wind turbines continue to operate, characterised in that the diverging and converging planes combine with the plane of the structure, allowing wind flow collected by the lee plane of the structure together with the converging nozzles to pass through the wind turbines and divert this wind flow together with the opposite plane of the structure through the diverging nozzles, the wind turbines through which the wind flow passes having a horizontal axis of rotation and dividing the junction angle of the plane of the structure into several equal angles, the electrical power generating generator being mounted in the nozzle with the wind flow accelerated by the wind turbines at the junction angle of the plane of the structure being blocked by the combined wind flow at the periphery of the plane of the structure;
Wherein the plane of the nozzle is a solar cell that simultaneously captures the wind flow and captures photons that reach these planes directly from the sun and photons that are reflected from the planes of the structure and combines the parts of the wind power plant with the photovoltaic cells into two or more to form a solar wind panel that is mounted on a solar panel that has been placed on the structure, which becomes part of the nozzle body or the plane of the structure, which is covered with a specular or diffuse reflective coating to reflect photons on the plane of the solar wind panel, which is cooled by the water flow, thereby generating additional electricity and heat.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the power plant is built in continuous lines along the entire length to most effectively capture wind and solar energy flows.
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to increase the power generation and reduce the cost of a solar wind panel, the solar wind panel is mounted on an already running solar panel in order to capture as much as possible the wind flow accelerated by the solar panel plane, while the solar flux reflected from the solar wind panel plane is directed to the solar panel, i.e. when the integrated system of two panels is combined into a solar-wind solar panel, the existing electrical communication is used for converting and transmitting power, whereas if the running solar panel is equipped with a rotary solar tracking system, which adjusts the solar-wind solar panel to the sun as the power generated by the solar flux is greater and as the power generated by the wind flow is greater, the tracking system adjusts the solar-wind solar panel to the wind if the running solar panel is equipped with a rotary solar tracking system, which rotates according to the power generation of solar or wind.
4. An electrical energy generating device comprising a structural plane reflecting a wind flow, at least one section comprising a wind turbine having a rotor mounted in a narrow section of a nozzle, said nozzle comprising converging and diverging nozzles, guiding and straightening blades and a generator generating electrical power, and these sections being fixed in a line and mounted at the junction angle of the plane of the structure such that the planes of the diverging and converging nozzles are joined to the plane of the structure, thereby increasing their working area, characterized in that the device is a wind power plant, each section being made of square cross-section along the periphery, said wind turbine through which the wind flow passes having a horizontal rotation axis and dividing the junction angle of the plane of the structure into several equal angles, and said rotor and said generator being fixed in a housing, said rotor being held from the sides of the converging nozzle by guiding blades made in the form of fixed wheels and mounted on the converging nozzle, and at the sides of the diverging nozzle by straightening blades made in the form of fixed wheels and fixed on the diverging nozzle, these sections being held by fastening contacts;
Wherein the plane of the nozzle is a solar cell which simultaneously captures the wind flow and photons directly from the sun to these planes and photons reflected from the planes of the structure and combines the parts of the wind power plant with photovoltaic cells into two or more to form a solar wind panel, the solar wind panel from the front side is closed by a double sided solar panel hinged along the upper edge and opened at an angle depending on the amount of power generated.
5. The power generation device of claim 4, wherein the solar panel along which the converging and diverging nozzles are laid in the length direction has a width not exceeding a height thereof and the nozzles are not expanded more than 10 degrees, wherein the divergence angle is not more than 150 °.
6. The electric energy generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a rotor is fixed behind blades of the wind wheel, the wind wheel is bi-directionally rotated on a horizontal needle shaft fixed in bearings held by blades of the guiding and straightening blades mounted on an outer plane of a housing, the solar panel housing is cooled by a duct representing a housing frame, to improve energy efficiency.
7. The electrical energy generating device of claim 4, wherein the solar wind panel is mounted at the junction of the planes of solar panels already mounted on the structure, and adjacent areas of the structure are covered with a photon mirror or matte paint for improved energy efficiency.
8. The electricity generating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the solar wind panel is placed on an upper edge of the solar panel to form a new energy system, the solar panel is an already operated solar power plant, an electricity generation amount is increased by the solar energy and the wind current, and when the solar panel is equipped with a rotating system, the solar wind panel starts to generate electricity using the rotating system according to the electricity generation amount.
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| PCT/RU2020/050159 WO2021141514A1 (en) | 2020-01-12 | 2020-07-17 | Method and device for generating electrical energy using a wind/solar panel arrangement |
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| RU59161U1 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2006-12-10 | Алексей Николаевич Серьезнов | WIND POWER INSTALLATION |
| US20110041894A1 (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2011-02-24 | Liao Henry H | Method and Apparatus to Lower Cost Per Watt with Concentrated Linear Solar Panel |
| CN102244479A (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-16 | 周继武 | Elastic multifocal disc-type concentrating hybrid PV (photovoltaic)/thermal solar system |
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