CN115206050A - Smoke alarm device - Google Patents
Smoke alarm device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115206050A CN115206050A CN202210829511.9A CN202210829511A CN115206050A CN 115206050 A CN115206050 A CN 115206050A CN 202210829511 A CN202210829511 A CN 202210829511A CN 115206050 A CN115206050 A CN 115206050A
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010063385 Intellectualisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/02—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/40—Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a smoke alarm device which comprises an LED, a light transmission regulator, a photodiode and a smoke detection chip, wherein the smoke detection chip is used for adjusting the light intensity of the LED, the light transmission rate of the light transmission regulator, the current detection of the photodiode and the logic control of the whole device. In the smoke detection chip, a transimpedance amplifier, a band-pass filter, an integrator and an analog-to-digital converter jointly form an analog front end, the light loss in smoke is obtained according to the voltage output by the conversion of the analog front end, and the light loss is used as a smoke concentration judgment value. When the device is in a strong light condition, the detection value of the analog-to-digital converter exceeds the upper limit of the threshold value, the micro-control unit outputs a control signal to reduce the light transmittance of the light transmittance regulator; when the device is in a weak light condition, the detection value of the analog-to-digital converter is lower than the lower threshold, the micro-control unit outputs a control signal to increase the LED driving current, and therefore the influence of ambient light is eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an alarm device, in particular to a smoke alarm device.
Background
With the rapid development of the internet of things technology, the security system is not an isolated monitoring system, but becomes an intelligent and networked intelligent system. The smoke detector is widely applied in the field of security protection, and is also called as a smoke-sensitive fire detector, a smoke-sensitive probe and a smoke-sensitive sensor. The smoke detector is used as an important component of a security system, and higher requirements are put forward on intellectualization, reliability, accuracy and convenience.
With existing photoelectric smoke detectors, a light emitter and a light receiver are provided inside the structure of the smoke detector. In a smokeless environment, there is some angular misalignment between the emitter and the receiver, and since the light is traveling straight, the receiver will not receive the light source of the diffuser. When fire occurs, smoke particles enter the structure, the light signal is scattered, and the receiver receives the light signal sent by the scatterer and converts the light signal into a corresponding electric signal. The electric signal is processed by an amplifier, an integrator and an algorithm, and is compared with a preset value, if the electric signal exceeds a smoke alarm threshold value, an alarm signal is given out, and a buzzer is driven to alarm.
However, the existing photoelectric smoke detector is limited by its detection mechanism, and has certain limitations in application, specifically the following problems:
1. the existing integrated smoke alarm device is easy to saturate under the influence of ambient light, so that smoke cannot be sensed and cannot be completely eliminated through the structure of the device per se;
2. the existing smoke concentration monitoring range is limited by the gain of a transconductance amplifier inside a chip, and the wide-range and fine-range adjustment cannot be carried out;
3. the existing structure needs larger volume due to the limitation of a detection mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in view of the above prior art, a smoke alarm device is provided for eliminating the influence of ambient light.
The technical scheme is as follows: a smoke alarm device comprises an LED, a light transmission regulator, a photodiode and a smoke detection chip, wherein the smoke detection chip comprises an LED driver, a digital-to-analog converter, a transimpedance amplifier, a band-pass filter, an integrator, an analog-to-digital converter and a micro-control unit;
the light transmission regulator is arranged between the LED and the photodiode;
the signal input end of the LED driver is connected with the micro-control unit, and the signal output end of the LED driver is connected with the LED;
the signal input end of the digital-to-analog converter is connected with the micro-control unit, and the signal output end of the digital-to-analog converter is connected with the light transmission regulator;
the photoelectric diode, the transimpedance amplifier, the band-pass filter, the integrator and the analog-to-digital converter are sequentially connected, and the signal output end of the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the micro-control unit;
the micro-control unit obtains light loss in smoke according to the magnitude of the driving current output by the LED driver and the magnitude of the voltage output by the analog-to-digital converter, and the light loss is used as a smoke concentration judgment value;
when the smoke alarm device is in a strong light condition, the detection value of the analog-to-digital converter exceeds the upper limit of a threshold value, the micro-control unit outputs a control signal to the digital-to-analog converter to reduce the light transmittance of the light transmittance adjuster;
when the smoke alarm device is in a weak illumination condition, the detection value of the analog-to-digital converter is lower than the lower threshold, the micro-control unit outputs a control signal to increase the output current of the LED driver.
Furthermore, the light transmission regulator comprises a first polaroid, a second polaroid and a linear motor, the first polaroid and the second polaroid are coaxially arranged in parallel, the linear motor is electrically connected with the digital-to-analog converter, and the linear motor is used for changing the polarization angle difference between the first polaroid and the second polaroid by adjusting the angle of the second polaroid so as to adjust the light transmission rate of the light transmission regulator.
Further, the micro-control unit adjusts the output current by adjusting the pulse width of the output current of the LED driver.
Further, when the micro-control unit outputs a control signal to the digital-to-analog converter to reduce the light transmittance of the light transmittance adjuster, the rotation angle of the second polarizer around the axial direction is adjusted in a stepping mode.
Further, when the smoke alarm device is in a low-light condition, the detection value of the analog-to-digital converter is lower than a lower threshold value, the pulse width is adjusted in a stepping mode.
Has the advantages that: 1. when the device works under different illumination conditions, the smoke detection working state can be adjusted in a self-adaptive manner;
2. the light transmittance regulator in the middle process can attenuate an interference light source to the maximum extent, and can completely eliminate the influence of ambient light on smoke alarm;
3. the light transmittance regulator can linearly regulate the light transmittance and has a large regulating range and high regulating precision;
4. the LED light-emitting path and the photodiode receiving path are arranged on the same straight line, so that the device is more beneficial to saving the size.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a light transmittance adjuster;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the adjustment of the polarizer in the transmittance adjuster.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a smoke alarm device includes an LED101, a light transmittance adjuster 102, a photodiode 103, and a smoke detection chip. The light transmission regulator 102 is disposed between the LED101 and the photodiode 103, and the three are separated by a certain physical distance, so that the light emitting path of the LED101 and the receiving path of the photodiode 103 are located on a straight line.
The smoke detection chip is used for light intensity adjustment of the LED101, light transmittance adjustment of the light transmittance adjuster 102, current detection of the photodiode 103, and logic control of the entire device. The smoke detection chip comprises an LED driver 105, a digital-to-analog converter 106, a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) 107, a band-pass filter (BPF) 108, an integrator 109, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 110, a micro control unit 111, an input/output (IO) 112, and a memory 113.
The signal input end of the LED driver 105 is connected with the micro-control unit 111, and the signal output end is connected with the LED101; the signal input end of the digital-to-analog converter 106 is connected with the micro-control unit 111, and the signal output end is connected with the light transmission regulator 102; the photodiode 103, the transimpedance amplifier 107, the band-pass filter 108, the integrator 109 and the analog-to-digital converter 110 are sequentially connected, and a signal output end of the analog-to-digital converter 110 is connected with the micro-control unit 111. The transimpedance amplifier 107, the band pass filter 108, the integrator 109, and the analog-to-digital converter 110 together form an analog front end.
The LED101, transmittance adjuster 102, and photodiode 103 are in a dark room into which smoke can enter. As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the light transmittance adjuster 102 includes a first polarizer 201, a second polarizer 202, and a linear motor 203, the first polarizer 201 and the second polarizer 202 are coaxially arranged in parallel, the first polarizer 201 is fixedly arranged, and a control terminal of the linear motor 203 is connected to a signal output terminal of the digital-to-analog converter 106. The linear motor 203 is used to change the polarization angle difference between the first polarizer 201 and the second polarizer 202 by adjusting the rotation angle of the second polarizer 202 around the axial direction, thereby adjusting the light transmittance of the light transmittance adjuster 102. As shown in fig. 3, when the polarization angle difference θ between the two polarizers is 0 °, the transmittance of the transmittance adjuster 102 is the maximum, and when θ is 90 °, the transmittance of the transmittance adjuster 102 is the minimum, that is, the transmittance adjuster 102 adjusts the transmittance by the polarization angles of the two polarizers, thereby controlling the transmittance.
Setting the driving current provided by the LED driver 105 to I; the gain of the LED101 to convert the current to an effective light intensity is A 1 (ii) a The transmittance of the light transmittance adjuster 102 is A 2 (θ) is a function of the angle θ between the polarizers; the photodiode 103 converts the light intensity into a current with a gain of A 3 (ii) a The gain of the analog front end for converting the current into the voltage is A 4 (ii) a Let ζ be the loss of light through the smoke, and V be the voltage that the final adc110 needs to convert, resulting in V = I (a) 1 A 2 (θ)A 3 A 4 (1- ζ)). For the present apparatus, parameter A 1 、A 2 、A 3 、A 4 In order to quantify the determined parameters, the light loss zeta in the smoke can be obtained by logically calculating the values of I and V, the light loss zeta is used as a smoke concentration judgment value to judge the indoor smoke concentration, and the device transmits information whether to alarm or not to the outside according to the smoke concentration.
The device can self-adaptively adjust the working state of the whole device according to the application environment. When the device is in a normal illumination condition, the micro control unit 111 controls the LED driver 105 to generate pulse current with default intensity to drive the LED101, light generated by the LED101 passes through the light transmission regulator 102 and irradiates on the photodiode 103, the LED101 has certain attenuation in a process of penetrating smoke in a darkroom, the photodiode 103 converts the illumination into current, the current is converted into a corresponding binary digital value through the transimpedance amplifier 107, the band-pass filter 108, the integrator 109 and the analog-to-digital converter 110, the smoke concentration is obtained through operation processing of the micro control unit 111, and finally, interaction with the outside is performed through the input/output port 112.
When the device is in a strong light condition, the micro control unit 111 controls the LED driver 105 to generate a current with a default intensity to drive the LED101, light generated by the LED101 passes through the light transmission regulator 102 and irradiates on the photodiode 103, at this time, the converted current is strong to cause saturation of the transimpedance amplifier 107, finally, the detection value of the analog-to-digital converter 110 exceeds the upper limit of the threshold value, and the logic part controls the digital-to-analog converter 106 to adjust the light transmission regulator 102 to reduce the light transmission rate, so that the voltage value converted by the analog front end enters the detection range. When the device is in a weak light condition, the micro-control unit 111 firstly controls the LED driver 105 to generate current with default intensity to drive the LED101, light generated by the LED101 passes through the light transmission regulator 102 and irradiates on the photodiode 103, at this time, the conversion current is weak to cause the accumulated voltage of the integrator 109 to be too low, finally, the detection value of the analog-to-digital converter 110 is lower than the lower threshold, the logic part controls the current pulse width output by the LED driver 105 to be increased, and finally, the voltage obtained by the integrator 109 is increased, so that the voltage value converted by the analog front end enters the detection range.
The working process of the device is as follows:
s1: powering on the device, and starting to establish a smoke detection alarm process;
s2: the logic control part controls the whole device to initialize, including resetting the area of the memory 113, restoring the current pulse width of the LED driver 105 to a default value, and adjusting the light transmittance regulator 102 to be the highest light transmittance, namely theta =0 DEG;
s3: the MCU111 controls the LED101 driver to start working;
s4: the LED101 is powered on and emits light, the current is converted into effective light with certain loss, and the obtained effective light intensity is set as IA 1 ；
S5: the light source from the LED101 to the transmission regulator 102 to the photodiode 103, there is a certain loss through the smoke, the loss is ζ, the transmission of the transmission regulator 102 is related to the polarizer θ, and finally the light intensity reaching the photodiode 103 is IA 1 A 2 (θ)(1-ζ)；
S6: the photodiode 103 converts the light intensity into a current gain of A 3 The current pulse obtained from the photodiode 103 is subjected to transconductance amplification by the TIA107, band-pass filtering by the BPF108, and integration by the integrator 109 of the voltage pulse, and the gain through the analog front end is set to a 4 The current I generated from the LED driver 105 is finally outputted via the integrator 109 with the voltage V = I (a) to be converted 1 A 2 (θ)A 3 A 4 (1-ζ))；
S7: the ADC110 converts the voltage V into a binary digital value D, and transmits D to the MCU111 for processing;
s8: assuming that the threshold range of the ADC110 is (a, B), determining whether a < D < B is satisfied, if not, performing S9, and if so, performing S10;
s9: if D is greater than B, the MCU111 controls the DAC106 to adjust the light transmission adjuster 102, so that the second polarizer 202 in the light transmission adjuster 102 rotates by a certain angle delta theta, the polarization angles of the first polarizer 201 and the second polarizer 202 are increased by delta theta in the last angle, and then S3 is executed; if D is less than A, the MCU111 controls the current pulse output by the LED driver 105 to increase the current pulse width by delta t, and then S3 is executed;
s10: the MCU111 calculates the smoke concentration Z according to the current I, the voltage V obtained by conversion and the current setting parameter, and compares the smoke concentration Z with the normal smoke concentration range (0, Y);
s11: if the smoke concentration Z is less than Y, the system executes S2 after delaying; if the smoke concentration Z > Y, the system alarms to the outside smoke through the IO button 112, thus ending.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The smoke alarm device is characterized by comprising an LED (101), a light transmission regulator (102), a photodiode (103) and a smoke detection chip, wherein the smoke detection chip comprises an LED driver (105), a digital-to-analog converter (106), a transimpedance amplifier (107), a band-pass filter (108), an integrator (109), an analog-to-digital converter (110) and a micro-control unit (111);
the light transmission regulator (102) is arranged between the LED (101) and the photodiode (103);
the signal input end of the LED driver (105) is connected with the micro-control unit (111), and the signal output end of the LED driver is connected with the LED (101);
the signal input end of the digital-to-analog converter (106) is connected with the micro-control unit (111), and the signal output end of the digital-to-analog converter is connected with the light transmission regulator (102);
the photodiode (103), the transimpedance amplifier (107), the band-pass filter (108), the integrator (109) and the analog-to-digital converter (110) are sequentially connected, and the signal output end of the analog-to-digital converter (110) is connected with the micro-control unit (111);
the micro-control unit (111) obtains light loss in smoke according to the magnitude of the driving current output by the LED driver (105) and the magnitude of the voltage output by the analog-to-digital converter (110), and the light loss is used as a smoke concentration determination value;
when the smoke alarm device is in a strong light condition, the detection value of the analog-to-digital converter (110) exceeds the upper threshold value, the micro-control unit (111) outputs a control signal to the digital-to-analog converter (106) to adjust the light transmittance of the light transmittance adjuster (102) down;
when the smoke alarm device is in a weak illumination condition, the detection value of the analog-to-digital converter (110) is lower than a lower threshold value, the micro-control unit (111) outputs a control signal to increase the output current of the LED driver (105).
2. The smoke alarm device according to claim 1, wherein said light transmittance adjuster (102) comprises a first polarizer (201), a second polarizer (202), and a linear motor (203), wherein said first polarizer (201) and said second polarizer (202) are coaxially arranged in parallel, said linear motor (203) is electrically connected to said digital-to-analog converter (106), and said linear motor (203) is configured to adjust the light transmittance of said light transmittance adjuster (102) by adjusting the angle of said second polarizer (202) to change the polarization angle difference between said first polarizer (201) and said second polarizer (202).
3. The smoke alarm apparatus of claim 1, wherein said micro control unit (111) adjusts the output current magnitude by adjusting the pulse width of the output current of said LED driver (105).
4. The smoke alarm apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said micro control unit (111) outputs a control signal to said digital-to-analog converter (106) to adjust a light transmittance of said light transmittance adjuster (102) to be low, and a rotation angle of said second polarizer (202) around an axial direction is adjusted stepwise.
5. The smoke alarm device according to claim 3, wherein said pulse width is adjusted in steps when said smoke alarm device is in a low light condition resulting in a detection value of said analog to digital converter (110) being below a lower threshold.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210829511.9A CN115206050B (en) | 2022-07-15 | 2022-07-15 | Smoke alarm device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210829511.9A CN115206050B (en) | 2022-07-15 | 2022-07-15 | Smoke alarm device |
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| CN115206050A true CN115206050A (en) | 2022-10-18 |
| CN115206050B CN115206050B (en) | 2023-08-01 |
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| CN115206050B (en) | 2023-08-01 |
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