CN115176668B - Regenerated material of waste of plant origin and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a regeneration material of plant source waste, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plant source waste regeneration. The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the plant source waste, mixing it with water and a detoxifying agent to form a mixture, and obtaining the recycled material after standing for 3 to 7 days. The detoxifying agent includes one or more of ammonium salt or ammonia water, the ratio of the dry weight of the plant-derived waste to the effective mass of the detoxifying agent is 100: (0.5-2), and the effective mass of the detoxifying agent includes the mass of ammonium salt and the solute mass in ammonia water. The method of the invention has the advantages of simple operation, short cycle, high efficiency, low cost and good treatment effect, and the recycled material prepared by the method of the invention can be used as matrix material or organic fertilizer or its raw material.

Description

Regenerated material of waste of plant origin and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to a regeneration material of plant source waste, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plant source waste regeneration.

Background technique

Waste of plant origin refers to waste whose main components are derived from plant residues, such as crop straw, garden waste, fungal residue, etc. Hundreds of millions of tons of plant-derived wastes are produced in my country every year, and many of them are piled up everywhere, causing serious environmental pollution and waste of resources.

The main components of plant-derived waste are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc., and contain a large amount of mineral elements, so they have the potential to be used as horticultural substrate raw materials. However, when untreated plant-derived wastes are used as substrate materials, due to the existence of phytotoxicity, they often have a serious inhibitory effect on plant growth. Phytotoxicity refers to the toxic effect on plant growth, which may be caused by a variety of compounds, including trace metals, pesticides, salinity, phytotoxins or allelochemicals. In order to reduce its phytotoxicity, the common method at present is to carry out aerobic or anaerobic fermentation of these wastes to make them thoroughly decomposed, so that the phytotoxic substances in them can be degraded, so that they can be used as substrates or organic fertilizers for crop cultivation. However, it usually takes a long time to decompose plant-derived waste through microbial fermentation. Generally, it takes 30-60 days of stacking and fermentation to effectively remove the phytotoxicity of plant-derived waste. The treatment cycle is long and the treatment efficiency is low.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a regenerated material of plant-derived waste with high processing efficiency and shortened processing time and cost, as well as its preparation method and application.

The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the preparation method of the regeneration material of plant source waste, comprises the following steps:

The plant source waste is crushed and mixed with water and detoxification agent to form a mixture, and the recycled material is obtained after standing still. The detoxifying agent includes one or more of ammonium salt or ammonia water, the ratio of the dry weight of the plant-derived waste to the effective mass of the detoxifying agent is 100: (0.5-2), and the effective mass of the detoxifying agent includes the mass of the ammonium salt and the solute mass in the ammonia water.

Further, the standing time of the mixture is 3-7 days.

Further, the ammonium salt is one or more of ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate.

Further, the mass ratio of the dry weight of plant-derived waste to water in the mixture is 1: (2-4).

Further, the detoxifying agent also includes weakly acidic calcium salts, and the weakly acidic calcium salts include one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium fumarate and calcium alginate.

Further, the mass ratio of the ammonium salt to the weakly acidic calcium salt is (1-3):1.

Further, the detoxifying agent also includes humic acid.

Further, the mass ratio of the ammonium salt to humic acid is (1-3):1.

The second object of the present invention is to provide regenerated materials of plant-derived wastes, which are prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

The third object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned recycled materials of plant-derived wastes, which can be used as substrates for crop cultivation, organic fertilizers, or raw materials for preparing substrates or organic fertilizers.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

In the process of mixing the pulverized plant-derived waste with detoxifying agent and water and standing still, the toxic substances in the plant-derived waste react with the ammonium salt or ammonia water in the detoxifying agent, so that the toxic substances in the plant-derived waste lose their toxicity and form a recycled material of plant-derived waste that has been detoxified. The present invention removes the phytotoxic substances in the waste of plant origin through targeted reaction, without slow degradation and removal through traditional indiscriminate biodegradation, to obtain regenerated materials that eliminate phytotoxicity, the regeneration method is simple and efficient, greatly improves the regeneration treatment efficiency of waste of plant origin, shortens the time period of regeneration treatment, and is of great significance to the promotion of recycling of waste of plant origin.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a method for preparing recycled materials from plant-derived waste, comprising the following steps:

The plant source waste is crushed and mixed with water and a detoxifying agent to form a mixture, and after standing still, a recycled material that eliminates phytotoxicity is obtained. Here, the crushing of plant-derived wastes can be the direct crushing of wet materials, or it can be crushed after drying the wastes, as long as the crushed products of plant-derived wastes are obtained.

During the mixing, the ratio of the dry weight of the plant source waste to the effective mass of the detoxifying agent is 100: (0.5-2), and the effective mass of the detoxifying agent includes the mass of ammonium salt and the mass of solute in ammonia water. When detoxifying the dried plant-derived waste, directly weigh the plant-derived waste and the detoxifying agent according to the mass ratio; when performing detoxification on the wet material of the plant-derived waste, calculate its dry weight according to the moisture content of the plant-derived waste, and then weigh the detoxifying agent in proportion.

A good detoxification effect can be obtained by controlling the time of static stacking within 3 to 7 days. Too long or too short stacking time will directly affect the phytotoxicity removal effect of recycled materials. The detoxifying agent used in the present invention includes one or more of ammonium salt or ammonia water, wherein the ammonium salt can be one or more of ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate.

In the detoxification treatment, the mass ratio of the dry weight of plant-derived waste in the mixture to water is 1: (2~4), which is limited to the ratio of the plant-derived waste to the total water in the mixture, that is, when the plant-derived waste is made of undried wet material, the water contained in the plant-derived waste is also converted into the quality of the water according to its moisture content; Just the amount of water added.

In order to further improve the detoxification effect, the detoxification agent also includes weakly acidic calcium salts, where the weakly acidic calcium salts are calcium salts formed by calcium ions and weak acid radical ions, and can be one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium fumarate, and calcium alginate. In the detoxification agent, the mass ratio of ammonium salt or ammonia water to weakly acidic calcium salt is (1-3):1, and the combination of the two types of components can improve the effect of removing phytotoxicity. At the same time, the detoxifying agent also includes humic acid, which is compounded with weakly acidic calcium salt, ammonium salt or ammonia water to improve its effect on the germination index of seeds when it is used as a regeneration culture material, and promote seed germination. In the detoxifying agent, the mass ratio of ammonium salt or ammonia water to humic acid is (1-3):1.

The second object of the present invention is to provide regenerated materials of plant-derived wastes, which are prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

The third object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned recycled materials of plant-derived wastes. The recycled materials can be used as substrates for crop cultivation, organic fertilizers, or raw materials for preparing substrates or organic fertilizers, that is, the recycled materials of plant-derived wastes prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method can be used as matrix materials or organic fertilizers, and inorganic substrates such as medium and small amounts of fertilizers, bactericides, water-retaining agents, or shale soil, perlite, etc. can also be added on the basis of the recycled materials to form matrix materials.

Plant-derived wastes used in each embodiment of the present invention are urban road greening wastes, which are dried, crushed, and passed through a 0.2 cm sieve to be used as experimental materials for later use.

Embodiment one

This example provides a method for preparing recycled materials from plant-derived wastes: uniformly mix ammonium carbonate, water, and experimental materials at a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and place them at room temperature for 5 days.

Embodiment two

The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ammonium bicarbonate, water, and experimental materials were uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Embodiment three

The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ammonium sulfate, water, and experimental materials were uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Embodiment four

The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the ammonia water with a concentration of 1%, water and the experimental materials are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 100:100:100, and they are left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Embodiment five

The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ammonium carbonate, water, and experimental materials were uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5:200:100, and they were left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Embodiment six

The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ammonium carbonate, water, and experimental materials were uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 1.5:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Embodiment seven

The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, water and the experimental materials were uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5:0.5:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Embodiment eight

The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ammonium carbonate, water, and experimental materials were evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:300:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Embodiment nine

The difference between this example and Example 1 mainly lies in that the ammonium carbonate, water and experimental materials were evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:400:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Embodiment ten

The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ammonium carbonate, water, and experimental materials were evenly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 3 days.

Embodiment Eleven

The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ammonium carbonate, water, and experimental materials were evenly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 7 days.

Embodiment 12

The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ammonium carbonate, calcium carbonate, water and experimental materials were evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5:200:100, and they were stacked at room temperature for 5 days.

Embodiment Thirteen

The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ammonium carbonate, calcium citrate, water and the experimental materials were evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Embodiment Fourteen

The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the ammonium carbonate, calcium carbonate, humic acid, water and experimental materials were uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5:200:100, and they were stacked at room temperature for 5 days.

Comparative example one

The experimental material without any treatment was used as the recycled material control.

Comparative example two

Water and experimental materials were evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Comparative example three

Calcium carbonate, water, and experimental materials were evenly mixed at a mass ratio of 0.5:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Comparative example four

Sodium hydroxide, water, and experimental materials were evenly mixed at a mass ratio of 0.5:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Comparative example five

Humic acid, water, and experimental materials were evenly mixed at a mass ratio of 0.5:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Comparative example six

Ammonium carbonate, water, and experimental materials were evenly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:100:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 5 days.

Comparative example seven

Ammonium carbonate, water, and experimental materials were evenly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 1 day.

Comparative example eight

Ammonium carbonate, water, and experimental materials were evenly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:200:100, and left to stand at room temperature for 9 days.

Comparative example nine

Ammonium carbonate solutions of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/ml were used in the seed germination test respectively to test their seed germination index.

Comparative example ten

The calcium carbonate solution of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10mg/ml was used in the seed germination test respectively, and its seed germination index was tested.

Comparative example eleven

The humic acid solutions of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/ml were respectively used in the seed germination test to test the seed germination index.

Phytotoxicity Evaluation

The phytotoxicity of recycled materials was evaluated by the seed germination index, and the higher the germination index, the lower the phytotoxicity of the material. The specific method is: uniformly mix the regenerated materials prepared in Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 with water at a mass ratio of 1:10, shake and extract for 30 minutes, centrifuge for 10 minutes, and take the supernatant for seed germination index analysis (seed germination test can be implemented with reference to industry standards, take 10 cabbage seeds with basically the same size and put them into a petri dish equipped with filter paper, add the supernatant prepared according to the above method, and incubate at room temperature in the dark for 72 hours, and measure the germination length one by one with a vernier caliper. As a control, do a blank test.) Statistically and calculate the seed germination index=germination length of the material to be tested/seed germination length of purified water*100% of the recycled materials of each embodiment and comparative example. The test results are shown in Table 1.

The seed germination index test result of table 1 each embodiment and comparative example

Implementation number seed germination index Implementation number seed germination index Embodiment one 90.2% Comparative example four 2.3% Embodiment two 84.6% Comparative example five 4.7% Embodiment Three 86.8% Comparative example six 35.1% Embodiment Four 89.4% Comparative example seven 8.9% Embodiment five 75.4% Comparative example eight 9.4% Embodiment six 85.3% Comparative Example 9 (0.01mg/ml) 96.8% Embodiment seven 84.3% Comparative Example 9 (0.1mg/ml) 92.1% Embodiment eight 91.3% Comparative Example 9 (1mg/ml) 1% Embodiment nine 90.8% Comparative Example 9 (10mg/ml) 0% Embodiment ten 92.5% Comparative Example 10 (0.01mg/ml) 99.4% Embodiment Eleven 86.9% Comparative Example 10 (0.1mg/ml) 100.5% Embodiment 12 93.5% Comparative Example 10 (1mg/ml) 99.7% Embodiment Thirteen 92.7% Comparative Example 10 (10mg/ml) 97.8% Embodiment Fourteen 96.1% Comparative Example 11 (0.01mg/ml) 81.5% Comparative example one 5.6% Comparative Example 11 (0.1mg/ml) 77.9% Comparative example two 7.2% Comparative Example 11 (1mg/ml) 75.2% Comparative example three 6.5% Comparative Example 11 (10mg/ml) 55.1%

It can be seen from Table 1 that after the plant-derived waste is treated by the preparation method of the present invention, the seed germination index of the material can be greatly improved in just 3 to 7 days, which means that its main phytotoxic substances are significantly removed, and the seed germination index of the recycled material obtained based on the method of the present invention can basically reach more than 80%, which fully meets the general planting needs. In contrast, the seed germination index of untreated plant-derived waste is only 5.6%, which is far from meeting the requirements as a substrate or organic fertilizer. In other embodiments, water, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or humic acid alone are used to treat plant-derived waste, but the treatment effect is not obvious, and the removal of phytotoxic substances in plant-derived waste cannot be achieved. At the same time, changing the mixing mass ratio of detoxifying agent, water and plant-derived waste or the treatment time will directly affect its treatment effect on plant-derived waste, resulting in a significant reduction in the removal effect of phytotoxic substances in plant-derived waste. In addition, it can be seen from Comparative Examples 9 to 11 that the several detoxifying agent components used in the present invention have no promoting or stimulating effect on seed germination. On the contrary, at certain concentrations, they have obvious inhibitory effect on seed germination. It can be seen that after the present invention uses detoxifying agents to treat plant-derived wastes, the improvement of seed germination index of recycled materials is not due to the influence of the detoxifying agents themselves on seed germination, but is achieved by removing phytotoxic substances in plant-derived wastes.

The present invention uses ammonium salt or ammonia water as a detoxifying agent to carry out detoxification treatment on plant source waste, and can simply and efficiently remove phytotoxic substances. Compared with the removal of phytotoxic substances through composting and fermentation in the prior art, the solution of the present invention does not need to rely on the fermentation and degradation of microorganisms. Correspondingly, there is no characteristic that the action effect determined by the characteristics of microbial value-added increases with time. The entire treatment cycle is shortened from 30 to 60 days to 3 to 7 days. It is of great significance to solve the environmental problems caused by wastes of plant origin.

The above are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the ideas described herein through the above teachings or technology or knowledge in related fields. However, changes and changes made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and should all be within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The preparation method of the recycled material of plant source waste, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: The plant-derived waste is pulverized and mixed with water and a detoxifying agent to form a mixture, and the recycled material is obtained after standing; the detoxifying agent includes ammonium salt or ammonia water, the ratio of the dry weight of the plant-derived waste to the effective mass of the detoxifying agent is 100:0.5-2, and the effective mass of the detoxifying agent includes the mass of the ammonium salt or the mass of the solute in the ammonia water; the standing time of the mixture is 3-7 days; In the detoxification treatment, the mass ratio of the dry weight of plant-derived waste in the mixture to water is 1:2-4. Here, the ratio of the plant-derived waste to the total water in the mixture is limited. That is, when the plant-derived waste is made of undried wet material, the water contained in the plant-derived waste is also converted into the quality of the water according to its moisture content; can be added. 2. The method for preparing recycled materials from plant-derived wastes according to claim 1, wherein the ammonium salt is one or more of ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate. 3. The preparation method of the regeneration material of plant source waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the detoxifying agent also includes weak acid calcium salt, and the weak acid calcium salt comprises one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium fumarate and calcium alginate. 4 . The method for preparing recycled plant-derived waste materials according to claim 3 , wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium salt to the weakly acidic calcium salt is 1-3:1. 5. The method for preparing recycled materials from plant-derived wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the detoxifying agent also includes humic acid. 6 . The method for preparing recycled plant-derived waste materials according to claim 5 , wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium salt to humic acid is 1-3:1. 7. The regenerated material of plant-derived waste, characterized in that it is prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1-6. 8. The application of the regenerated material of plant-derived waste according to claim 7, characterized in that: the regenerated material can be used as a substrate for crop cultivation, an organic fertilizer, or a raw material for preparing a substrate or an organic fertilizer.