CN115156455A - A forging forming method for circular or arc-shaped forgings with full-section bosses - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a forging forming method of a circular or arc-shaped forging with a full-section boss, and belongs to the technical field of metal processing. Aiming at the problem of poor continuity of the integral forging texture of the forging, the invention carries out the following forging steps on a circular ring blank: s310, upsetting and stripping the end face of the circular ring blank; s321, performing anvil missing upsetting on the end face of the blank subjected to upsetting and stripping in the S310 to form a full-section boss at a corresponding position; s322, performing upsetting stripping for 2 times for one circle on the end face of the blank with the full-section boss, namely, respectively performing upsetting stripping on two areas after a split ring is arranged between the outer ring and the inner ring of the blank to form a circular ring-shaped forging with the full-section boss; when forging arc forging, still include: and S330, cutting the blank subjected to upsetting and stripping in the step S322 to form the arc-shaped forge piece with the full-section boss. The invention realizes integral forming, improves the material utilization ratio compared with sectional forging, improves the forging rheology of the forged piece, ensures the forging texture of the product and improves the quality of the forged piece product.

Description

A forging forming method for circular or arc-shaped forgings with full-section bosses

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing, in particular to a forging forming method for a circular or arc-shaped forging with a full-section boss.

Background technique

Circular or arc-shaped forgings with full-section bosses, that is, one or both of the upper and lower ends of the circular or arc-shaped main body have bosses with the same wall thickness, such as Figure 6(a), Figure 6 The annular forging shown in (b), or any arc forging divided along its height direction.

Taking arc-shaped forgings as an example, the traditional forging method of arc-shaped forgings is to segment the arc-shaped forgings, forging a single sheet and then welding them together. Serious damage has been caused, and product quality is at greater risk.

In addition, some arc-shaped forgings have an outer diameter of 10m, an inner diameter of 7m, and a wall thickness of nearly 1.5m. The full-section boss of 2000 meters is an extra-large equipment forging with complex shape and high requirements for flaw detection and performance. Very few domestic enterprises can successfully manufacture this forging.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the related problem of poor continuity of overall forging texture of the annular or arc-shaped forgings with full-section bosses, the present invention provides a forging forming method for annular or arc-shaped forgings with full-section bosses. The technical solution is:

A forging forming method for a circular or arc-shaped forging with a full-section boss, using a circular ring blank to carry out the following forging steps:

S310 upsetting and stripping the end face of the ring blank;

S321 performs leakage anvil upsetting and peeling on the end face of the billet completed by S310 upsetting and peeling, so as to form a full-section boss at the corresponding position;

S322 Upsetting and stripping the end face of the billet formed with full-section bosses in one circle and two times, that is, after setting a sub-circle between the outer and inner circles of the billet, upsetting and stripping the two areas respectively to form a circle with full-section bosses Ring forgings;

When forging curved forgings, also include:

S330 divides the billet finished by S322 upsetting and stripping to form an arc-shaped forging with full-section bosses.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during S310 upsetting and stripping, the outer edge of the upper flat anvil is aligned with the outer ring of the circular ring blank for upsetting and stripping.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when S310 is upsetting and stripping, the reduction amount of each anvil is 100±20mm, and/or the rotation angle of each anvil is 20°±3°.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during S310 upsetting and stripping, at most four rounds of upsetting and stripping are performed on the ring blank.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when S322 is upsetting and stripping, the end face of the full-section boss area is pressed down by 50±10mm per anvil, and the end face of the non-full-section boss area is pressed down by 100±20mm per anvil. And/or each anvil rotation angle of the two zones is 20°±3°.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when S322 is upsetting and stripping, first upsetting and stripping is performed on the annular blank area formed by the outer ring and the divided ring, and then the annular blank area formed by the divided ring and the inner ring is upset and stripped.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the S322 is upset and stripped, the sub-ring is located at the center of the outer ring and the inner ring.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the size of the ring blank and the formed forging satisfies:

(D1 ² -d1 ² )×H1=(D2 ² -d2 ² )×H2×(360°-2β)÷360°+(D2 ² -d2 ² )×H3×2β÷360°,

Among them, the size of the ring blank: D1 is the outer diameter, d1 is the inner diameter, and H1 is the height;

Formed forgings, that is, circular or arc-shaped forgings with full-section bosses Dimensions: D2 is the outer diameter, d2 is the inner diameter, H2 is the height of the non-full-section boss area, H3 is the height of the full-section boss area, β It is the degree of the central angle subtended by the inner arc of the full-section boss.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the height of the ring blank does not exceed 2 times the wall thickness, and/or the inner diameter of the ring blank does not exceed the inner diameter of the formed forging.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ring blank is produced by rolling.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S310, after upsetting and stripping both end faces of the ring blank, perform S321 and S322 on one end face in turn, and then turn over and repeat S321 and S322 on the other end face.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The invention realizes integral forming by upsetting and peeling forging of the ring blank, which improves the material utilization rate, improves the forging rheology, ensures the forging texture of the product, and improves the quality of the forging product compared with the segmented forging.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic diagram of a 200-ton electroslag ingot used in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein T represents the riser end of the ingot, and B represents the bottom end of the ingot;

2 is a schematic diagram of the blank to be enlarged after the upsetting and punching of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the ring blank after ring rolling of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the upper flat anvil, the annular blank and the backing plate during the upsetting and stripping of the ring blank of the present invention, and is a situation of two upsetting and peeling in a non-circle;

Figure 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of the upsetting and peeling forming boss of the leakage anvil of the present invention;

Fig. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the outer upsetting and stripping forming boss in one circle of upsetting and stripping of the present invention;

Figure 6 (a) is a schematic plan view of the blank after all upsetting and stripping are completed in the present invention;

Fig. 6(b) is a cross-sectional view at A-A in Fig. 6(a).

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that when an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range defined by a series of upper preferred values and lower preferred values, this should be understood as a specific disclosure All ranges formed by any pairing of any upper range limit or preferred value with any lower range limit or preferred value are intended, regardless of whether such ranges are individually disclosed. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be construed to include the ranges "1 to 4," "1 to 3," "1 to 2," "1 to 2, and 4 to 5." , "1 to 3 and 5", etc. When numerical ranges are described herein, unless stated otherwise, the ranges are intended to include the endpoints and all integers and fractions within the range.

Approximate terms in the specification and claims are used to modify a quantity, indicating that the invention is not limited to the specific quantity, but also includes acceptable amendments close to the quantity without causing a change in the relevant basic function. Accordingly, modification of a numerical value with "about", "about", etc. means that the invention is not limited to the precise numerical value. In some instances, the term of approximation may correspond to the precision of the instrument measuring the value. In the present specification and claims, range definitions may be combined and/or interchanged, and unless otherwise stated, these ranges include all subranges subsumed therebetween.

Example 1:

An arc-shaped forging with full-section bosses is manufactured, and the forging is semi-circular, with bosses on both upper and lower end surfaces, and an angle α=45° between the centerline of the boss and the edge of the arc-shaped main body.

The ring blank as shown in Figure 3 is forged with an upper flat anvil, and the width of the anvil should not be less than that of the formed forging, that is, the wall thickness of the arc-shaped forging, that is, in this embodiment, the width of the anvil should not be less than D2-d2 (Fig. 6). In this embodiment, an upper flat anvil with a width of 1600 mm can be used, which is the most commonly used upper flat anvil and is easy to obtain. The ring blank needs to have good roundness, and preferably, the difference between its long and short axes does not exceed 50mm. The height of the ring blank is preferably not more than 2 times the wall thickness, so as to avoid shrinkage or even folding during subsequent upsetting and stripping. Specifically, if the height of the ring blank is greater than 2 times the wall thickness, that is, H1>D1-d1, During upsetting and stripping, there is a great risk of shrinkage in the height center area, resulting in a lack of diameter and size of the forging body, and even the risk of folding, which seriously affects the quality of the forging. The inner diameter of the ring blank preferably does not exceed the formed forging, that is, the inner diameter of the arc forging, that is, d1≤d2. Based on the simulation results, after upsetting and stripping the ring blank, the inner diameter of the ring blank will be reduced by 50-100mm. This size The reduction amount is used as the forging allowance to ensure that the size requirements of the product forgings are met. At the same time, the ring blank dimensions d1, D1 and H1 should satisfy the formula, the formula is as follows:

(D1 ² -d1 ² )×H1=(D2 ² -d2 ² )×H2×(360°-2β)÷360°+(D2 ² -d2 ² )×H3×2β÷360°,

Among them, the size of the ring blank: D1 is the outer diameter, d1 is the inner diameter, and H1 is the height;

Formed forgings, that is, arc-shaped forgings with full-section bosses: D2 is the outer diameter, d2 is the inner diameter, H2 is the height of the non-full-section boss area, H3 is the full-section boss area. Height, β is the full section The number of degrees of the central angle subtended by the inner arc of the boss.

When the size of the arc-shaped forging is large, such as an extra-large equipment forging, the ring blank is preferably rolled. The preparation of ring blanks by rolling can not only reduce the difficulty of forging and improve the forging efficiency, but at the same time, due to the improvement of forging efficiency, multiple return forgings are avoided, and the blanks have sufficient metal rheology, which can obtain finer and more uniform products. organization for better performance.

The following forging steps are performed on the ring blank:

S310 upsetting and stripping the end face of the ring blank.

At this time, the ring blank is a relatively tall and thin blank, and its height is also higher than that of the boss. The main purpose of this step is to upset and peel as soon as possible, and to convert the height reduction into the increase of the outer diameter as soon as possible. Therefore, each anvil is pressed down The amount is preferably 100±20mm, and the rotation angle of each anvil is 20°±3°. Preferably, the reduction amount is set to 100 mm, which belongs to a larger single deformation amount, so that the forging efficiency can be improved. If it exceeds 100mm, there is a greater risk of anvil connection, and there will be many anvil marks, which will affect the quality of forgings. The rotation angle of 20° is the approximate maximum angle at which there will be no leakage anvil during rotary upsetting and stripping.

At the same time, since the width of the upper flat anvil is much larger than the thickness of the ring blank before upsetting and stripping (the width of the upper flat anvil is about 1600mm), the conventional upsetting and stripping will cause a high risk of folding the "waist" of the forging blank. In this method, as shown in Fig. 5(a), the outer edge of the upper flat anvil is used to align with the outer ring of the ring blank, so that the excess part of the upper flat anvil that is not in contact with the blank is on the inside of the ring blank, so that during the upsetting process When peeling, the outer blank undergoes free flow, and there is no general upsetting and difficult deformation zone. At the same time, the position of half the height of the ring blank is not prone to stress concentration and shrinkage, thereby reducing the "waist" by The risk of shrinking the heart to expand into a fold. Since the inner side of the ring blank is relatively less deformed, its own folding risk is much smaller than that of the outer side of the ring, so the excess part of the upper flat anvil that is not in contact with the blank can be placed inside the ring blank.

When upsetting and stripping, at most four rounds of upsetting and stripping are performed on the ring blank. The forging deformation amount is basically the amount of deformation that can be executed in one fire. If the upsetting and stripping is continued, the forging temperature will be very low, even when the forging temperature is about 850 ℃. , only half of the rotary upsetting and stripping, causing serious quality problems. In this embodiment, the upper and lower end surfaces of the arc-shaped forging have full-section bosses, so the upper and lower end surfaces of the circular ring blank are respectively subjected to two rounds of upsetting and stripping.

S321 performs leakage anvil upsetting and peeling on the end face of the blank completed by S310 upsetting and peeling, so as to form a full-section boss at the corresponding position, that is, the full-section boss position is reserved, and it is not pressed at this position, and only the non-full-section boss area is carried out. Upsetting and stripping to form full-section bosses in reserved positions. When upsetting and stripping, the reduction amount of each anvil is 50±10mm. In order to avoid the single reduction amount is too large to cause the boss to collapse, or even cause cracking or large anvil mark, which affects the size of the end face of the forging, the reduction amount is adjusted to Half of the original 100mm, and/or the rotation angle of each anvil is 20°±3°.

S322 upsetting and stripping the end face of the billet formed with full-section bosses in one circle and two times, that is, after setting up a sub-circle between the outer ring and the inner ring of the billet, upsetting and stripping the two areas respectively, so as to promote the radial flow, especially It is because the wall thickness of the billet at this time is relatively large, and it is difficult to ensure sufficient radial flow during upsetting and stripping for a single circle of upsetting and stripping. The outer ring is the outermost edge of the blank, and the inner ring is the innermost edge of the blank.

During upsetting and stripping, first upsetting and stripping is performed on the annular blank area formed by the outer ring and the sub-ring, and then upsetting and stripping is performed on the annular blank area formed by the sub-ring and the inner ring. The sub-ring is located in the center of the outer ring and the inner ring, that is, d=(D0+d0)/2, to determine the outer and inner upsetting and stripping lines, d is the diameter of the sub-ring, and D0 is the actual outer diameter of the blank in this step , d0 is the actual inner diameter of the blank in this step. In this embodiment, the distance between the sub-rings and the outer ring is about 800 mm.

That is, the outer side upsetting and stripping are used first and then the inner side upsetting and stripping is used. As shown in Figure 5(b), during the first upsetting and stripping, the upper flat anvil only upsets the outer wall thickness of about 800mm, and in the second upsetting and stripping, upsetting and stripping the remaining walls thick area.

At the same time, in order to avoid the local rheology being too large and out of shape, the boss and non-boss areas are upset and stripped with different reduction amounts. The end face of the full-section boss area is each anvil. The end face of the area has a reduction of 100±20mm per anvil. The rotation angle of each anvil in the two regions is 20°±3°. In addition, in the transition area between the boss and the non-boss, you need to pay attention to the anvil connection. When the anvil is connected by conventional upsetting and peeling, the rotation angle of each anvil is 20°±3°, but within the arc length of the transition area between the boss and the non-boss 1000mm, each The rotation angle of the anvil is 10°±3°, and the reduction amount is 50mm in the boss area, 75mm in the transition area, and 100mm in the non-boss area. Because the arc length of the transition area is 1000mm, it only needs to connect the anvil once, so the reduction amount at this time is 75mm. , that is, take 50 and 100 as the initial and final values of the proportional sequence, and the reduction amount when the anvil is connected once is the median value of the two, and it is calculated according to the proportional sequence when the anvil is connected multiple times, so as to avoid uneven deformation and ellipse.

After performing S321 and S322 on one end face of the blank in sequence, turn over and repeat S321 and S322 on the other end face to form full-section bosses on both end faces.

In order to avoid damage to the full-section boss on one end face that has been formed, the blank is placed on a special backing plate after turning over. Follow up forging.

Finally, S330 divides the blank with all upsetting and stripping to form an arc-shaped forging with full-section bosses. That is, as shown in FIG. 6( a ), the blank is divided into two semicircular arcs in the machining process, and the α angle is 45°.

Example 2:

On the basis of Embodiment 1, the forging method of the ring blank is included in this embodiment, specifically:

S100 Preforming Stage:

The steel ingots are sequentially subjected to upsetting and drawing, upsetting and punching, and mandrel reaming to obtain a preform.

It is preferable to perform the overall upsetting and drawing with a large deformation rate twice.

The 200-ton electroslag ingot as shown in Figure 1 was subjected to 2 times of compaction operations for overall upsetting and lengthening with a large deformation rate. Forging the billet, enter the furnace and keep the temperature at 1180℃～1220℃ for 17±2 hours, and then expand the hole with a mandrel to obtain a prefabricated ring.

During the drawing process, keep the temperature of the forging billet in the range of 850℃～1220℃. This temperature is the forging temperature. Above this temperature, there is a higher risk of cracking. When forging is lower than this temperature, the forging deformation resistance is higher. large, and the forming efficiency is low.

The preform obtained by reaming has an inner diameter of ~4000mm, a single-sided wall thickness of ~800mm, a height of ~1600mm, and good roundness.

S200 intermediate forming stage:

Ring preforms are rolled to obtain ring blanks.

Place the prefabricated ring in a heating furnace for 1200℃～1250℃ for 15±2h, and then roll it out of the furnace. When rolling, it is necessary to pay attention to the amount of reduction in each circle as uniform as possible. The height is rolled from 1600mm to 1000mm one by one. The roundness of the ring blank after the ring, the difference between the long and short axes of the ring does not exceed 50mm, and the inner diameter of the ring blank is ~7000mm, the wall thickness of one side is ~800mm, and the height is ~1000mm.

After the ring blank is obtained, the final forming stage of S300 is carried out:

The ring blank is placed in a heating furnace for 10±2h heat preservation at 1180°C to 1220°C, and then released for forging, that is, S310, S321, S322 and S330. The height of the blank after S310 is ~600mm, the final height of the boss in S330 is ~500mm, and the height of other areas is ~300mm.

In the above forging process, in order to ensure the uniformity of the final forming forging deformation, it is necessary to control the heating conditions and uniformly heat the billet to avoid high local temperature of the billet and different deformation, which will affect the size of the forging.

When manufacturing an annular forging with a full-section boss, either Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 can be used, except that the S330 division is not included.

To sum up, the present invention realizes integral forming by upsetting and peeling forging of the ring blank. Compared with segmented forging, the present invention improves the utilization rate of materials, improves the forging rheology of forgings, ensures the forging texture of the product, and improves the quality of the forging. quality of forging products.

Furthermore, it should be understood that, obviously, the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a forging forming method of a circular ring or arc-shaped forging with full-section boss, is characterized in that, adopts circular ring blank to carry out following forging steps: S310 upsetting and stripping the end face of the ring blank; S321 performs leakage anvil upsetting and peeling on the end face of the billet completed by S310 upsetting and peeling, so as to form a full-section boss at the corresponding position; S322 Upsetting and stripping the end face of the billet formed with full-section bosses in one circle and two times, that is, after setting a sub-circle between the outer and inner circles of the billet, upsetting and stripping the two areas respectively to form a circle with full-section bosses Ring forgings; When forging curved forgings, also include: S330 divides the billet finished by S322 upsetting and stripping to form an arc-shaped forging with full-section bosses. 2. The forging forming method of a circular or arc-shaped forging with a full-section boss according to claim 1, characterized in that, during S310 upsetting and stripping, the outer edge of the upper flat anvil and the circular ring blank are formed. The outer ring is aligned for upsetting and stripping. 3. The forging forming method of a circular or arc-shaped forging with a full-section boss according to claim 1, characterized in that, during S310 upsetting and stripping, the reduction amount of each anvil is 100±20mm, and/or each The rotation angle of the anvil is 20°±3°. 4 . The method for forging and forming a ring-shaped or arc-shaped forging with a full-section boss according to claim 1 , wherein, during S310 upsetting and stripping, at most four rounds of upsetting and stripping are performed on the ring blank. 5 . 5. the forging forming method of the annular or arc-shaped forging with full-section boss according to claim 1, is characterized in that, during S322 upsetting and peeling, the end face of full-section boss area is 50% of the anvil reduction. ±10mm, the end face of the non-full-section boss area is 100±20mm per anvil, and/or the rotation angle of each anvil in the two areas is 20°±3°. 6 . The forging forming method for a circular or arc-shaped forging with a full-section boss according to claim 1 , wherein, when S322 upsetting and stripping, the sub-ring is located at the center of the outer ring and the inner ring. 7 . 7. The forging forming method for a circular or arc-shaped forging with a full-section boss according to claim 1, wherein the dimensions of the circular ring blank and the formed forging satisfy: (D1 ² -d1 ² )×H1=(D2 ² -d2 ² )×H2×(360°-2β)÷360°+(D2 ² -d2 ² )×H3×2β÷360°, Among them, the size of the ring blank: D1 is the outer diameter, d1 is the inner diameter, and H1 is the height; Formed forgings, i.e. circular or arc-shaped forgings with full-section bosses Dimensions: D2 is the outer diameter, d2 is the inner diameter, H2 is the height of the non-full-section boss area, H3 is the height of the full-section boss area, β It is the degree of the central angle subtended by the inner arc of the full-section boss. 8. The forging forming method for annular or arc-shaped forgings with full-section bosses according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the annular blank does not exceed 2 times the wall thickness, and/or the The inner diameter of the ring blank shall not exceed the inner diameter of the formed forging. 9 . The forging forming method for a circular or arc-shaped forging with a full-section boss according to claim 1 , wherein the circular ring blank is produced by rolling. 10 . 10. The forging forming method for a ring-shaped or arc-shaped forging with a full-section boss according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein in S310, both end faces of the ring blank are upset and stripped Then, perform S321 and S322 on one end face in turn, and then turn over and repeat S321 and S322 on the other end face.

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