CN115141928B - Electromagnetic toughening method and system for shaft solid part - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic toughening method and system for shaft solid parts, which belong to the technical field of part processing and comprise the steps of winding a coil on the shaft solid parts made of metal materials; the control pulse power supply applies a rising rate of more than 1.25 x 10 on the coil ⁸ A/s, pulse current with amplitude greater than or equal to 25kA, so as to apply uniform radial force to the shaft solid part, and further realize toughening treatment of the shaft solid part. According to the invention, the rapidly-rising direct current large pulse current provided by the pulse power supply enables the coil around the shaft solid part to generate a changed axial magnetic field, the shaft solid part induces a circumferential current under the action of the changed magnetic field, the circumferential current enables the part to receive a larger uniform radial force in the axial magnetic field, the radial component of cracks in the part is eliminated, and an annular crystal orientation texture is formed, so that the breaking strength of the part when the part receives a rotating torque is improved, the electromagnetic toughening of the shaft solid part is realized, and the service life of the part is prolonged.

Description

Electromagnetic Toughening Method and System for Shaft Solid Core Parts

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of parts processing, in particular to an electromagnetic toughening method and system for shaft solid parts.

Background technique

The key to affecting the service life of domestic shaft parts is that there is a radial component of the internal micro-cracks. When the parts rotate at high speed, a strong torque will form a tensile stress on the bearing ring. When the micro-cracks have a radial component, the tangential stress will Under the action, cracks will grow along the radial direction, eventually leading to bearing fracture.

The traditional radial forging technology is a forming method that simultaneously applies multiple circumferentially evenly distributed striking forces to the shaft solid core parts on the same plane. Realize the advantages of full-section fine-grain forging. However, radial forging has the disadvantages of complex equipment and small reciprocating range of the hammer, and because radial forging uses multiple hammers to strike the bar, each strike can only make the bar receive force in a limited number of directions. In principle, this kind of directional force cannot be guaranteed to be perpendicular to the ring direction everywhere, and there is always a radial deflection angle. This deflection angle causes the radial component to appear in the cracks inside the shaft solid core parts after forging. When the parts rotate at high speed, along the tangential Directional stress can cause such cracks to grow, reducing part life.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of the prior art and provide an electromagnetic toughening method and system for shaft-type solid core parts.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: an electromagnetic toughening method for shaft-type solid core parts, the method comprising the following steps:

Winding coils on shaft solid core parts made of metal;

Control the pulse power supply to apply a pulse current with a rising rate greater than 1.25*10 ⁸ A/s and an amplitude greater than or equal to 25kA on the coil to apply a uniform radial force to the shaft solid core parts, thereby realizing the toughening of the shaft solid core parts deal with.

In an example, before applying the pulse current to the coil, it also includes:

Control the high-frequency AC power supply to apply high-frequency AC power to the coil to preheat the shaft-type solid core parts.

In an example, the method also includes:

Control the power device to start working, so that the power device drives the transmission device and the clamping device in turn to cause displacement of the shaft solid core parts, and repeat the toughening treatment steps until the toughening treatment of the entire shaft solid core parts is completed.

It should be further explained that the technical features corresponding to each example of the above method can be combined or replaced to form a new technical solution.

The present invention also includes an electromagnetic toughening system for shaft-type solid core parts, which has the same inventive concept as the above-mentioned toughening method. The system includes a sequentially connected control unit, a pulse power supply and a coil. The coil is wound on a metal On the shaft solid core parts; the rising rate of the pulse current generated by the pulse power supply is greater than 1.25*108A/s, and the amplitude of the pulse current is greater than or equal to 25kA.

In an example, the control unit is connected with a high-frequency AC power supply, and an output terminal of the high-frequency AC power supply is connected with the coil.

In an example, the shaft-like solid core part is made of non-ferromagnetic metal.

In an example, the lead-in wire of the coil is tangentially or bent.

In one example, the coil is wound around the shaft-like solid part in a layered winding or continuous helical winding manner.

In one example, the lead-out end of the coil is fed in tangentially, and the coil is wound around the shaft-like solid core part in a continuous helical manner.

In an example, the cross-sectional area of the lead-out end of the coil is greater than or equal to 4mm2.

In an example, the coil is a coil made of copper, and the lead end of the coil is a lead end made of copper.

In an example, the system further includes a clamping device, and the clamping device clamps one end of the shaft-like solid part.

In an example, the system further includes a power device and a transmission device connected in sequence, and the output end of the transmission device is connected to the clamping device.

It should be further explained that the technical features corresponding to the examples of the above systems can be combined or replaced to form new technical solutions.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. In one example, the present invention uses the rapidly rising DC large pulse current provided by the pulse power supply to make the coil surrounding the shaft-like solid-core parts generate a changing axial magnetic field, and the shaft-like solid-core parts are under the action of the changing magnetic field A hoop current is induced, and the hoop current will cause the part to receive a large uniform radial force in the axial magnetic field, eliminating the radial component of the crack in the part, thereby improving the fracture strength of the part when it is subjected to rotational torque, and realizing the The electromagnetic toughening of the shaft solid core parts improves the service life of the parts.

2. In one example, by introducing a high-frequency AC power supply to preheat the two shaft-like solid cores, the radial stress required to eliminate the radial component of micro-cracks is reduced, thereby reducing the peak power requirements for the pulse power supply and improving the Utilization of pulse power.

3. In one example, through the cooperation of the power device, the transmission device and the clamping device, all parts of the shaft-type solid core parts can be toughened, and the fracture strength of the parts when subjected to rotational torque can be improved to the greatest extent. At the same time, it solves the problem that the inductance of the long-axis part is too high for the fully wound coil, and improves the utilization rate of the pulse power supply.

Description of drawings

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the application and constitute a part of the application. In these drawings, the same reference numerals are used to indicate the same Or similar parts, the exemplary embodiments of the application and their descriptions are used to explain the application, and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system in an example of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system in a preferred example of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coil that adopts tangential incoming wire and helical winding in an example of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the surface of the incoming line vertical axis parts in an example of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a coil that adopts bent incoming wire and spiral winding in an example of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a coil adopting tangential incoming wire and layered winding in an example of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of crack orientations inside parts that are toughened using the system of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of crack orientations inside parts that have not been toughened by the system of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a flow chart of an exemplary system usage method of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a flow chart of a preferred method of using an exemplary system of the present invention.

In the figure: control unit 1, pulse power supply 2, coil 3, parts 4, high-frequency AC power supply 5, clamping device 6, power device 7, transmission device 8, crack 9.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it needs to be explained that, belonging to "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" etc. The indicated direction or positional relationship is based on the direction or positional relationship described in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or in a specific orientation. construction and operation, therefore, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the use of ordinal numbers (eg, "first and second," "first to fourth," etc.) is for the purpose of distinguishing objects, is not limited to that order, and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.

In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as there is no conflict with each other.

In one example, an electromagnetic toughening system for shaft-like solid parts 4, as shown in Fig. On the shaft class solid core parts 4. Wherein, the control unit 1 is any one of PLC, FPGA, single-chip microcomputer, industrial computer, etc., and is used to control the working state of the pulse power supply 2 (start or stop working). In this example, the control unit 1 is preferably a PLC, and the I/O terminal of the PLC is connected to the pulse power supply 2 . The pulse power supply 2 is composed of a charging energy storage module and a discharging module, and is used to generate a rapidly rising DC large pulse current. In this example, the rising rate of the pulse current is greater than 1.25*10 ⁸ A/s, the amplitude is greater than or equal to 25kA, the pulse duration is less than 1ms, and the time interval of each discharge is greater than 1s, and the pulse frequency is less than 1Hz (reserved for the charging module charging time), the peak power is greater than 15MW, and for shaft solid parts 4 of different metal materials, the rising rate and amplitude of the pulse current can cause the surface of shaft solid parts 4 to produce stress exceeding its yield strength, thereby achieving The effect of eliminating the radial component of cracks inside part 4. It should be noted that the specific working principle of the pulse current generated by the pulse power supply 2 and the connection mode between the pulse power supply 2 and the controller are common knowledge of those skilled in the art. The device and control method disclose the working principle of the pulse power supply 2, the connection relationship between the main control board and the pulse power supply 2, and the like.

In this example, the coil 3 wound on the shaft-like solid-core part 4 is excited by a rapidly rising DC large pulse current to generate a changing axial magnetic field, and the shaft-like solid-core part 4 induces a magnetic field under the action of the changing magnetic field. Circular current, the circular current makes the part 4 receive a large uniform radial force in the axial magnetic field, and eliminates the radial component of the crack in the part 4, that is, the microcrack, so that the crack in the part 4 is subjected to high-speed rotation. The tangential stress does not expand, which improves the breaking strength of the part 4 when it is subjected to a rotating torque, realizes the electromagnetic toughening of the shaft solid part 4, and improves the service life of the part 4.

It should be further explained that in the prior art, the magnetic field generated by the intermediate frequency pulse eliminates the stress of the part 4, which is to process the circularity or flatness of the surface of the part (which will cause the deformation of the part 4) to improve the use of the part 4. Lifespan is not the same as the technical principle of the present invention. Specifically, the strong stress generated by the magnetic field generated by the coil 3 of the present invention under the excitation of the rapidly rising DC large pulse current is greater than the yield strength of the metal material of the part 4, so that the grain boundaries of the metal material inside the shaft are destroyed and the grain orientation is reformed, Forming a ring texture is equivalent to forming a surrounding fiber structure inside the metal. Macroscopically, the 4-section of the part does not deform, and the radial dimension of the shaft does not change. Only the microstructure of the metal material in the shaft is changed to achieve an improvement. Fracture factor, toughening and life extension effects.

In an example, as shown in FIG. 2 , the control unit 1 is connected with a high-frequency AC power supply 5 , and the output end of the high-frequency AC power supply 5 is connected with the coil 3 . Specifically, the output terminal of the control unit 1 is connected to the high-frequency AC power supply 5 , and the output terminal of the high-frequency AC power supply 5 is connected to both ends of the coil 3 . The control unit 1 is used to control the working state of the high-frequency AC power supply 5; the high-frequency AC power supply 5 provides an alternating current (high-frequency alternating current) for the coil 3, and the alternating current flowing through the coil 3 is generated by the shaft solid core part 4 The alternating magnetic field, and then the parts 4 generate eddy currents to realize the preheating treatment of the parts 4 of different metal materials, and can achieve a good heating effect, reduce the radial stress required to eliminate the radial component of the micro-cracks, thereby reducing the impact on the pulse power supply The peak power requirement of 2 improves the utilization rate of pulse power supply 2. It should be noted that the specific working principle of the high-frequency AC power supply 5 generating high-frequency AC current and the connection mode between the high-frequency AC power supply 5 and the controller are common knowledge of those skilled in the art, such as the announcement number CN208087687U, patent name one A heating device for heat treatment of strip steel welds discloses the working principle of the high-frequency AC power supply 5 and the connection relationship between the controller and the high-frequency AC power supply 5 and the like.

In one example, the shaft-like solid part 4 is made of non-ferromagnetic metal, including but not limited to copper, stainless steel, aluminum, and titanium alloy, which has good electromagnetic induction heating effect and remarkable toughening effect. Further, the radius range of the shaft-like solid part 4 is 5mm-150mm.

In an example, the lead-in wire of the coil 3 is tangentially or bent. Among them, the tangent incoming line means that the lead-out end of the coil 3 is directly connected to the coil 3 along the direction tangent to the circumference of the coil; the bent incoming line means that the lead-out end of the coil 3 is connected to the coil 3 after a certain bending.

In an example, the coil 3 is wound around the shaft-like solid part 4 in a layered winding or continuous helical winding manner. Among them, layered winding means that there is a gap in each layer of coils, and each layer of coils is connected to the next layer of coils through a metal sheet, which can be a copper sheet; continuous spiral winding means that the coils are continuously and uninterruptedly wound on a shaft. Around the solid part 4.

In one example, the effective cross-sectional area of the leading end of the coil 3 is greater than or equal to 4 mm ² , which is used to reduce the current density, prevent the coil from overheating, and ensure the stability of the coil material in terms of mechanical and electrical properties. Further, the coil can be an air-core coil, and water or air cooling is used in the middle to cool the coil.

In an example, the coil 3 is a copper coil, and the lead end of the coil 3 is a copper lead end, which can ensure preheating and toughening effects while reducing system cost.

In an example, as shown in FIG. 2 , the system further includes a clamping device 6 , which clamps one end of the shaft-like solid part 4 . Specifically, the clamping device 6 is an existing clamping device, such as the clamping device 6 in the invention patent whose publication number is CN215966123U and whose patent name is a clamping device 6 for forging mechanical parts. Preferably, a clamp with a telescopic function is used.

In an example, as shown in FIG. 2 , the system further includes a power device 7 and a transmission device 8 connected in sequence, and the output end of the transmission device 8 is connected to the clamping device 6 . Specifically, the power device 7 may be a motor, a motor, etc., and this example is a stepping motor. The transmission device 8 is used to realize the displacement transmission. In this example, the transmission device 8 includes a guide rail, a slider, a screw mandrel, and a screw nut seat; the stepping motor is arranged at one end of the guide rail and connected with the screw mandrel, and the screw mandrel is placed between the guide rails , and the screw mandrel is threadedly connected with the screw nut seat, the screw nut seat is connected with the slider, the slider is located on the guide rail, and the clamping device 6 is installed on the plane formed by the slider and the screw nut seat. When the motor starts to work, it drives the screw to rotate, thereby causing the screw nut seat to be displaced, and at the same time, the screw nut seat drives the slider to move on the guide rail, thereby causing the clamping device 6 to be displaced, and finally the shaft-type solid core part 4 to move. Furthermore, each part of the shaft-like solid part 4 can be toughened, and the fracture strength of the part 4 when subjected to a rotating torque can be improved to the greatest extent.

Combining the above examples, and in example A, as shown in Figure 3, the lead-in method of the coil 3 is tangential, and the coil 3 is wound around the shaft-type solid core part 4 in a continuous helical manner . At this time, if the incoming line is perpendicular to the surface of the shaft part as shown in Figure 4, a radial current will be induced on the surface of the shaft part near the incoming line, and a hoop stress will be generated under the action of the induced magnetic field. The radial micro-cracks on the surface of the shaft parts under the action of stress will cause crack expansion, and the ideal toughening effect cannot be achieved. Therefore, the coil inlet method of the present invention avoids the possibility that the wires are perpendicular to the surface of the shaft parts, ensuring that the There is no radial electric field induced near the wire inlet, so that the best toughening effect can be achieved. In this example, the shaft-like solid part 4 is made of stainless steel with a radius of 15mm, and the rate of rise of the current loaded on the coil 3 is higher than 1.25*10 ⁸ A/s and the amplitude is not lower than 25kA.

Combining the above examples, and in Example B, as shown in Figure 5, the lead-in method of the coil 3 is to introduce a bent line from top to bottom, which also avoids the surface of the vertical shaft part of the line, and the coil 3 is formed in a continuous spiral The way of winding is around the shaft solid core part 4, and the material of the shaft solid core part 4 is stainless steel, the radius is 15mm, and the current rise rate loaded on the coil 3 is higher than 1.25*10 ⁸ A/s and the amplitude is The value is not lower than 25kA.

Combining the above examples, and in Example C, as shown in Figure 6, the lead-in method of the coil 3 is tangential, and the coil 3 is wound around the shaft-type solid core part 4 in a layered manner , and the material of the shaft-type solid core part 4 is stainless steel, the radius is 15mm, the rate of increase of the current loaded on the coil 3 is higher than 1.25*10 ⁸ A/s and the amplitude is not lower than 25kA.

Combining the above examples, and in Example D, the lead-in method of the coil 3 is tangential lead-in, that is, the lead-out of the coil 3 is in a tangent relationship with the circumference of the coil 3, and the lead-out is directly connected without bending. It is connected with the coil 3; the winding form of the coil 3 is helical winding, that is, the coil 3 is continuously and uninterruptedly wound around the solid core part 4 of the shaft. At this time, there are four kinds of materials for the shaft type solid core part 4 , which are respectively copper, stainless steel, aluminum and titanium alloy, and the radius is 15 mm. For copper materials, the current rise rate loaded on coil 3 is higher than 0.5*10 ⁸ A/s and the amplitude is not lower than 10kA; for stainless steel materials, the current rise rate loaded on coil 3 is higher than 1.25*10 ⁸ A /s and the amplitude is not lower than 25kA; for aluminum materials, the rate of rise of the current loaded on coil 3 is higher than 0.85*10 ⁸ A/s and the amplitude is not lower than 17kA; for titanium alloy materials, the current rate of increase loaded on coil 3 The current rising rate is higher than 1.2*10 ⁸ A/s and the amplitude is not lower than 24kA.

Further, the surface stress and body force density of the parts in the above examples A-D are shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Comparison table of surface stress and volume force density of each sample part

According to the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the different wire feeding methods of the coil 3 provided by Example A-B of the present invention can generate a stress exceeding 310 MPa on the surface of the stainless steel forging, which exceeds the yield strength of the stainless steel, and can achieve the purpose of eliminating the radial component of the internal crack of the material , to achieve the effect of toughening; in the winding mode of the coil 3 provided by the examples A-C of the present invention, the helically wound coil 3 can generate a stress exceeding 310MPa on the surface of the stainless steel forging, while the layered coil 3 is under the same current condition Can not produce the stress exceeding 310MPa, and the spiral winding can achieve the toughening effect; the shaft type solid core part 4 of different materials provided by the example D of the present invention, when the coil 3 adopts spiral winding, different rising rates and Amplitude of current can generate stress exceeding its yield strength on the surface of the shaft solid part 4, thereby improving crack distribution.

When the system of the present invention toughens the part 4 each time, the part 4 can be subjected to a uniform force perpendicular to the hoop direction, and the radial component of the micro-cracks 9 generated during the manufacturing process of the part 4 can be eliminated, so that the inside of the part 4 The crack 9 along the ring is formed, as shown in Figure 7, when the shaft part 4 rotates, the torque is difficult to cause the expansion of the crack 9, so that the shaft part 4 has a higher fracture strength when rotating at a high speed, so that Improve the service life of part 4. However, the micro-cracks 9 in the untoughened shaft part 4 will rarely distribute along the circumferential direction, as shown in Figure 8, when the shaft part 4 rotates at high speed, the strong torque will make the cracks 9 gradually expand, and eventually tear Part 4 is cracked, resulting in a decrease in the life of part 4.

The present invention also includes an electromagnetic toughening method for shaft-type solid core parts, which has the same inventive concept as the above-mentioned toughening system. As shown in Figure 9, the method includes the following steps:

The coil 3 is wound on the shaft solid core part 4 made of metal; in this step, the coil 3 is preferably tightly wound around the shaft solid core part 4 .

Control the pulse power supply 2 to apply a pulse current with a rising rate greater than 1.25*10 ⁸ A/s and an amplitude greater than or equal to 25kA on the coil, so as to apply a uniform radial force to the shaft solid core part 4, thereby realizing the shaft solid core part 4 toughening treatment. Among them, the execution subject of this step is the control unit 1, the control unit 1 makes the pulse power supply 2 generate a rapidly rising DC large pulse current, and generates a changing axial The magnetic field, the shaft solid core part 4 induces a hoop current under the action of the changing magnetic field, and the hoop current causes the part 4 to receive a radial force completely perpendicular to the hoop direction of the shaft solid core part 4 in the axial magnetic field. The radial force can effectively eliminate the radial component of the internal cracks of the shaft-like solid part 4, and only retain the circumferential component that does not propagate cracks under the action of torque tangential stress, so as to achieve toughening treatment. Further, before implementing this step, the control unit 1, the pulse power supply 2, and the coil 3 have been connected and energized, so that the control unit 1 and the pulse power supply 2 are in a standby state.

In an example, before applying the pulse current on the coil 3, it also includes:

Control the high-frequency AC power supply 5 to apply high-frequency AC power to the coil 3 to preheat the shaft-type solid core part 4 . Wherein, the execution subject of this step is the control unit 1, and before implementing this step, the control unit 1, the high-frequency AC power supply 5, and the coil 3 have been connected and energized in sequence, so that the control unit 1 and the pulse power supply 2 are in a standby state .

In an example, after the toughening treatment is completed, it also includes:

Control the power device 7 to start working, so that the power device 7 drives the transmission device 8 and the clamping device 6 in turn to cause the shaft solid core part 4 to be displaced, and the toughening treatment steps are repeated until the entire shaft solid core part 4 has been toughened . Wherein, the execution subject of this step is the control unit 1, and the control unit 1, the motor, the transmission device 8, and the clamping device 6 have been connected and energized before implementing this step.

Combining the application methods of the electromagnetic toughening system of the above-mentioned shaft solid core parts 4, an optimal toughening method is obtained, as shown in Figure 10, which specifically includes the following steps:

S1: Clamp one end of the shaft solid part 4 on the clamping device 6;

S2: forming a coil 3 around the other end of the shaft-like solid part 4, and making the coil 3 closely surround the shaft-like solid part 4;

S3: connecting the control unit 1 with the pulse power supply 2, the high-frequency AC power supply 5 and the motor;

S4: The control unit 1 controls the high-frequency AC power supply 5 to apply a high-frequency AC power to the coil 3 to heat the shaft-type solid core part 4. When the temperature of the part 4 rises to the preset temperature, the control unit 1 cuts off the high-frequency AC power supply 5, AC power is no longer supplied to the coil 3; wherein, the temperature is a preset temperature, which is specifically determined according to shaft solid parts 4 of different materials, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the yield strength of the surface of all material parts 4 .

S5: The control unit 1 controls the discharge of the pulse power supply 2, applies a DC pulse current with a rising rate greater than 1.25*10 ⁸ A/s and an amplitude greater than or equal to 25kA to the coil 3, and applies a short action time to the shaft solid core part 4 However, a uniform radial force with a large amplitude can achieve primary toughening;

S6: The control unit 1 cuts off the pulse power supply 2 and controls the action of the motor. The stepping motor rotates to drive the transmission device 8 to send the part vertically for a certain distance. Repeat S4 until the toughening of the shaft solid parts 4 is completed.

The above specific embodiment is a detailed description of the present invention, and it cannot be determined that the specific embodiment of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention, they can also Making some simple deduction and substitution should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An electromagnetic toughening method for a shaft solid core part, characterized in that: comprising the following steps: Winding coils on shaft solid core parts made of metal; Control the pulse power supply to apply a pulse current with a rising rate greater than 1.25*10 ⁸ A/s and an amplitude greater than or equal to 25kA on the coil to apply a uniform radial force to the shaft solid core parts, thereby realizing the toughening of the shaft solid core parts deal with. 2. The electromagnetic toughening method of a solid-core shaft part according to claim 1, characterized in that: before applying pulse current to the coil, it also includes: Control the high-frequency AC power supply to apply high-frequency AC power to the coil to preheat the shaft-type solid core parts. 3. The electromagnetic toughening method of a solid shaft part according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method further comprises: Control the power device to start working, so that the power device drives the transmission device and the clamping device in turn to cause displacement of the shaft solid core parts, and repeat the toughening treatment steps until the toughening treatment of the entire shaft solid core parts is completed. 4. An electromagnetic toughening system for shaft solid parts, which is used according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the system includes a sequentially connected control unit, pulse power supply and coil, Coils are wound on shaft-type solid core parts made of metal; the rising rate of the pulse current generated by the pulse power supply is greater than 1.25*10 ⁸ A/s, the amplitude of the pulse current is greater than or equal to 25kA, and the pulse duration is less than 1ms, and each time The discharge time interval is greater than 1s, the pulse frequency is less than 1Hz, and the peak power is greater than 15MW. 5 . The electromagnetic toughening system for solid shaft parts according to claim 4 , wherein the control unit is connected with a high-frequency AC power supply, and the output end of the high-frequency AC power supply is connected with the coil. 5 . 6 . The electromagnetic toughening system for shaft-like solid parts according to claim 4 , characterized in that: the lead-out ends of the coils are fed in by tangential wires or bent wires. 7 . 7 . The electromagnetic toughening system for a shaft-like solid core part according to claim 4 , wherein the coil is wound around the shaft-like solid core part in a manner of layered winding or continuous spiral winding. 7 . 8 . The electromagnetic toughening system for shaft solid parts according to claim 4 , wherein the coil is made of copper, and the lead end of the coil is made of copper. 9 . 9 . The electromagnetic toughening system for shaft-like solid parts according to claim 4 , wherein the system further comprises a clamping device, which is clamped at one end of the shaft-like solid core part. 10 . 10. An electromagnetic toughening system for shaft-like solid parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: the system further includes a power device and a transmission device connected in sequence, and the output end of the transmission device is connected to the clamping device .

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