CN115141636A - Polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic body grating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic body grating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating comprises the following components: a liquid crystal, a radical polymerizable compound, a cationic photopolymerizable compound and a photoinitiator composition. Wherein the photoinitiator composition comprises a photoinitiator and a photosensitizer, and the photoinitiator can simultaneously generate free radicals and cations and initiate corresponding polymer reaction under the irradiation of light. The invention combines the advantages of free radical photopolymerization and cationic photopolymerization, and efficiently and stably prepares the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating with high phase separation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional composite materials, in particular to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic body grating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating has great commercial application potential in optical waveguide AR display. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating is prepared with UV monomer/oligomer, photoinitiator composition and mixed liquid crystal solution as material and through coherent laser exposure. In the exposure process, UV monomer/oligomer diffuses to a coherent bright area and generates polymerization reaction to generate a polymer, liquid crystal diffuses to a dark area, and phase separation is generated to form the holographic grating in which the polymer and the liquid crystal are periodically arranged.
Efficient phase separation is the key to preparing the holographic grating with high refractive index modulation degree, and the regulation and control of polymerization reaction is an effective method for improving the phase separation degree. The free radical photopolymerization reaction has the characteristics of quick initiation, quick growth and quick termination. However, the polymerization and gelation rates are too fast, so that the liquid crystal molecules do not have enough time to diffuse into the dark region, thereby causing phase separation to be limited, as shown in FIG. 1. Therefore, it is necessary to find a suitable balance point between the UV monomer/oligomer polymerization rate and the liquid crystal diffusion rate in order to increase the degree of phase separation.
Currently, there are several methods for improving phase separation by retardation gels in free radical photopolymerization-prepared bulk grating systems, such as:
firstly, fluorine-containing UV monomer is added to reduce the viscosity of the system and the anchoring effect of the polymerized polymer on liquid crystal molecules, so that the degree of freedom and the phase separation degree of the liquid crystal molecules are improved, but the method has limited effect, and the fluorine-containing monomer is expensive and is not easy to synthesize;
secondly, surfactants and plasticizers are also commonly used to improve the degree of freedom of liquid crystal molecules, but such additional additives do not participate in polymerization reaction, and are liable to migrate in the system due to temperature rise, which is not favorable for the stability of the grating.
In conclusion, how to efficiently and stably prepare the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating with high phase separation is still a difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problem of how to efficiently and stably prepare the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating with high phase separation in the prior art.
A polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating, comprising: a liquid crystal, a radical polymerizable compound, a cationic photopolymerizable compound and a photoinitiator composition. Wherein the photoinitiator composition comprises a photoinitiator and a photosensitizer, and the photoinitiator can simultaneously generate free radicals and cations and initiate the reaction of corresponding polymerizable compounds under the irradiation of light.
Further, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
20-50 parts of liquid crystal micromolecules;
30-60 parts of free radical photopolymer;
5-40 parts of cationic photopolymer;
0.5-10 parts of photoinitiator composition, wherein in the photoinitiator composition, the weight ratio of the photoinitiator to the photosensitizer is 1:1-20:1.
further, in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal hologram grating, the radical polymerizable compound includes at least one radical polymerizable ethylenic unsaturated compound.
Further, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating, wherein the ethylenic unsaturated compound comprises a monofunctional and difunctional or polyfunctional polymerized monomer and a prepolymer.
Further, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal hologram grating described above, wherein the radical polymerizable compound comprises a combination of one or more of the following compounds:
acrylate/modified acrylate monomer and prepolymer, methacrylate/modified methacrylate monomer and prepolymer, vinyl monomer and prepolymer, and allyl monomer and prepolymer.
The polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic body grating is prepared by adopting a free radical cation compounding method. The radical polymerizable compound belongs to a radical photopolymerization system, and the cationic photopolymerization compound belongs to a cationic photopolymerization system. The radical polymerizable compound comprises at least one radical polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compound, including, for example, monofunctional, difunctional, and polyfunctional radical polymerizable monomers or prepolymers, preferably mixtures of monofunctional and difunctional or polyfunctional polymerizable monomers and prepolymers.
Further, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal hologram grating as described above, wherein the cationically photopolymerizable compound comprises at least one cationically photopolymerizable compound containing an epoxy group or an oxacyclic group.
Further, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal hologram grating described above, wherein the cationically photopolymerizable compound comprises a combination of one or more of the following compounds:
epoxy monomer and prepolymer, vinyl ether monomer and prepolymer, oxetane and its derivatives and aziridine compounds.
The cationically photopolymerizable compound includes at least one cationically photopolymerizable compound containing an epoxy group or an oxacyclic group. The cationic photopolymerization compound comprises one or more of epoxy monomers and prepolymers, vinyl ether monomers and prepolymers, oxetane and derivatives thereof, aziridine compounds and other cationic photopolymerization compounds, and preferably alicyclic epoxy resin, oxetane and derivatives thereof.
The photoinitiator composition can simultaneously generate free radicals and cations and initiate the reaction of corresponding polymerizable compounds under illumination. The initiator composition is, for example, one of quinizarin/triethylamine/iodonium salt, ferrocenium salt/iodonium salt, anthraquinone/iodonium salt, polymetaphosphocyanine/iodonium salt, curcumin derivative/iodonium salt, and the like.
When quinizarin/triethylamine/iodonium salt is used as a photoinitiator composition, 460nm laser is adopted for exposure initiation; when the ferrocenium salt/iodonium salt is used as the photoinitiator composition, the exposure initiation is carried out by adopting laser of 460nm or 532 nm; when anthraquinone/iodonium salt is used as a photoinitiator composition, 460nm laser is adopted for exposure initiation; when the poly-formic acid cyanine/iodonium salt is used as a photoinitiator composition, the exposure initiation is carried out by adopting 850nm laser; when the curcumin derivative/iodonium salt is used as the photoinitiator composition, the exposure initiation is carried out by adopting laser with the wavelength of 410 nm or 532 nm.
The photosensitizer is used for red shift of the excitation wavelength of the photoinitiator.
Further, the liquid crystal is a nematic liquid crystal.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the liquid crystal, the free radical polymerizable compound, the cationic photopolymerizable compound and the photoinitiator composition to obtain a liquid crystal dispersion liquid;
and injecting the liquid crystal dispersion liquid into the liquid crystal box, and preparing the holographic body grating by adopting coherent laser exposure.
Further, in the preparation method, in the step of preparing the holographic volume grating by coherent laser exposure, the exposure time is 0.5 to 21min, and the single-beam light power is 2 to 4 mW/cm 2 。
In the process of exposing liquid crystal dispersion liquid in a liquid crystal box by coherent laser, UV monomers/oligomers diffuse to a coherent bright area and generate polymerization reaction to generate polymers, liquid crystals diffuse to a dark area and generate phase separation to form the holographic grating in which the polymers and the liquid crystals are periodically arranged. Efficient phase separation is the key to preparing the high-refractive-index modulation degree holographic grating, and the regulation and control of polymerization reaction is an effective method for improving the phase separation degree. The free radical photopolymerization has the characteristics of quick initiation, quick growth and quick termination, and the polymerization and gelation rates are too high, so that liquid crystal molecules do not have enough time to diffuse to a dark area, and the phase separation is limited. The curing rate of the cationic molding of epoxy resin, oxygen heterocycle and the like is low, the acrylate can be rapidly polymerized to form a three-dimensional cross-linked network under the action of a free radical initiator, the curing rate is high, the free radical-cationic composite photopolymerization system can prolong the gel time of a simple free radical system on the whole, liquid crystal molecules cannot be rapidly fixed, the liquid crystal molecules can be further diffused to a dark place, and the phase dispersion degree is improved.
The cationic photopolymerization has low speed and small shrinkage, and is not influenced by oxygen, but the gel time of a system is too long when the holographic grating is prepared by solely utilizing the cationic photopolymerization, and the liquid crystal microdroplets are too large, so that the holographic grating is seriously scattered. The free radical cation composite method can effectively integrate the advantages of free radical photopolymerization and cationic photopolymerization, and solves the problems of too fast gel, too large shrinkage rate, easy influence of oxygen and the like in the simple free radical photopolymerization process. The invention can integrate the advantages of free radical photopolymerization and cationic photopolymerization, and efficiently and stably prepare the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating with high phase separation.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a radical photopolymerization reaction in the prior art;
FIG. 2a is an SEM micrograph of the sample of comparative example 1;
FIG. 2b is an SEM micrograph of a sample of example 4;
FIG. 2c is an SEM micrograph of the sample of example 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below. Several embodiments of the invention are given in the examples. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Example 1
| Raw materials | Parts (by mass) |
| Hexa-functionality dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate | 5 |
| ERL-4221 alicyclic epoxy resin | 20 |
| Epoxy acrylate | 10 |
| Acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester | 25 |
| Diaryl iodonium salt | 1.0 |
| Anthraquinone photosensitizers | 0.1 |
| Nematic liquid crystal | 40 |
The radical polymerizable compound in this embodiment includes a multifunctional radical polymerizable monomer, a bifunctional radical polymerizable monomer, and a monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer, where the multifunctional radical polymerizable monomer is hexafunctional dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, the bifunctional radical polymerizable monomer is epoxy acrylate, and the monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer is 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. The cationic photopolymerization compound adopts ERL-4221 alicyclic epoxy resin.
The above materials were mixed in a sample bottle and sonicated for 20 minutes. Then it was poured into a 7um liquid crystal cell. Exposing in interference light field for 1min at exposure wavelength of 460nm and single beam power of 3.0 mW/cm 2 And obtaining the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic body grating.
Example 2
| Raw materials | Parts by mass |
| Hexafunctional polyurethaneAlkenoic acid esters | 10 |
| (3-Ethyl-3-methoxyoxetane) methylbenzene | 30 |
| Hexanediol diacrylate | 10 |
| N, N dimethylacrylamide | 20 |
| Diaryl iodonium salts | 1.0 |
| Rose bengal | 0.1 |
| Nematic liquid crystal | 30 |
The radical polymerizable compound in this embodiment includes a multifunctional radical polymerizable monomer, a bifunctional radical polymerizable monomer, and a monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer, where the multifunctional radical polymerizable monomer is hexafunctional urethane acrylate, the bifunctional radical polymerizable monomer is hexanediol diacrylate, and the monofunctional radical polymerizable monomer is N, N dimethylacrylamide. The cationic photopolymerization compound is (3-ethyl-3-methoxyoxetane) methylbenzene. The photosensitizer is rose bengal.
The above materials were mixed in a sample bottle and sonicated for 20 minutes. Then it was poured into a 7um liquid crystal cell. Exposing in interference light field for 1min at exposure wavelength of 532nm and single beam power of 3.0 mW/cm 2 To obtain a polymer dispersionA crystal hologram grating.
Example 3
| Starting materials | Parts by mass |
| Ten-functional urethane acrylates | 10 |
| ERL-4221 cycloaliphatic epoxy resin | 20 |
| 3-Ethyl-3-oxa-cyclomethanol | 10 |
| N, N dimethylacrylamide | 5 |
| 3, 4-epoxycyclohexyl methacrylate | 5 |
| Hydroxyethyl methacrylate | 20 |
| Diaryl iodonium salts | 1.0 |
| Rose bengal | 0.1 |
| Nematic liquid crystal | 30 |
The radical polymerizable compound in this embodiment includes a multifunctional radical polymerizable monomer, i.e., a ten-functional urethane acrylate, and two monofunctional radical polymerizable monomers, i.e., N-dimethylacrylamide and hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The cationic photopolymerization compound comprises three cationic photopolymerization monomers, namely ERL-4221 alicyclic epoxy resin, 3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl carbinol and 3, 4-epoxycyclohexyl methacrylate.
The above materials were mixed in a sample bottle and sonicated for 20 minutes. Then it was poured into a 7um liquid crystal cell. Exposing in interference light field for 1min at exposure wavelength of 532nm and single beam power of 3.0 mW/cm 2 And obtaining the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating.
EXAMPLE 4
| Raw materials | Parts by mass |
| Tetraiodofluorescein B | 0.60 |
| Iodonium salt | 3.20 |
| Pentaerythritol triacrylate | 28.23 |
| Acrylic acid hydroxy ethyl ester | 22.77 |
| 3, 4- |
5 |
| Nematic liquid crystal | 40 |
The radical polymerizable compound in this embodiment includes a trifunctional radical polymerization monomer and a monofunctional radical polymerization monomer, where the trifunctional radical polymerization monomer is pentaerythritol triacrylate, and the monofunctional radical polymerization monomer is hydroxyethyl acrylate. The cationic photopolymerization compound is 3, 4-epoxy cyclohexyl methyl 3, 4-epoxy cyclohexyl formate, the photosensitizer adopts tetraiodofluorescein B, and the initiator adopts iodonium salt.
The above materials were mixed in a sample bottle and sonicated for 20 minutes. Then it was poured into a 7um liquid crystal cell. Exposing in interference light field for 1min at exposure wavelength of 532nm and single beam power of 3.0 mW/cm 2 And obtaining the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating.
Example 5
| Starting materials | Parts by mass |
| Tetraiodofluorescein B | 0.60 |
| Iodonium salt | 3.20 |
| Pentaerythritol triacrylate | 25.46 |
| Acrylic acid hydroxy ethyl ester | 20.54 |
| 3, 4- |
10 |
| Nematic liquid crystal | 40 |
The raw materials used for the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating of this example were substantially the same as those used in example 4, except that the contents of the respective raw material components were different.
Comparative example 1
| Starting materials | Parts by mass |
| Tetraiodofluorescein B | 0.60 |
| Iodonium salt | 3.20 |
| Pentaerythritol triacrylate | 31 |
| Acrylic acid hydroxy ethyl ester | 25 |
| Nematic liquid crystal | 40 |
The raw materials used for the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating of this example are basically the same as those used in example 4, except that: this comparative example 1 does not contain a cationically photopolymerizable compound.
Through detection, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic body grating meeting the quality requirement can be prepared in the comparative examples 1 to 5. Examples 1 to 5 all adopt a radical cation composite method to prepare the holographic body grating, and comparative example 1 adopts a traditional radical photopolymerization reaction method to prepare the holographic body grating. To verify the difference between the two preparation methods, SEM scanning electron microscope tests were performed on the holographic volume grating prepared in example 4 (sample # 2), the holographic volume grating prepared in example 5 (sample # 3), and the holographic volume grating prepared in comparative example 1 (sample # 1). The specific test method is as follows.
And (3) breaking the grating, selecting a part of the grating, placing the grating in an n-hexane solution for 48 hours, completely dissolving and eliminating liquid crystals in the grating, drying the grating, spraying gold, and shooting the grating under an SEM (scanning electron microscope), wherein the images in the figure 2a, the figure 2b and the figure 2c are respectively the scanning electron microscope images of the sample No. 1, the sample No. 2 and the sample No. 3. In the figure, the black outline is a liquid crystal phase, the flat part is a polymer phase, a scale with the thickness of 1 micron is arranged at the lower left side, the contrast scale and the sample No. 1 can find that the black outline of the sample No. 3 is larger, so the phase separation is more concentrated, the sample No. 2 is in the lower limit range (5-40 parts of cationic monomer) because the quantity of the added cationic monomer is less, the black outline and the polymer phase are not particularly obviously different from the sample No. 1, but the SEM phase separation of the sample No. 2 and the sample No. 3 is more concentrated along with the increase of the adding quantity of the cationic monomer in the formula of adding the cationic monomer.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating, comprising:
a liquid crystal;
a radical polymerizable compound;
a cationically photopolymerizable compound;
a photoinitiator composition;
wherein the photoinitiator composition comprises a photoinitiator and a photosensitizer, and the photoinitiator can simultaneously generate free radicals and cations and initiate corresponding polymer reaction under the irradiation of light.
2. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating of claim 1, comprising, in weight fractions:
20-50 parts of liquid crystal micromolecules;
30-60 parts of free radical photopolymer;
5-40 parts of cationic photopolymer;
0.5-10 parts of photoinitiator composition, wherein in the photoinitiator composition, the weight ratio of the photoinitiator to the photosensitizer is 1:1-20:1.
3. the polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating of claim 1, wherein the free radically polymerizable compound comprises at least one free radically polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compound.
4. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating of claim 3, wherein said ethylenically unsaturated compound comprises monofunctional and difunctional or polyfunctional polymeric monomers and prepolymers.
5. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating of claim 1, wherein the free radically polymerizable compound comprises a combination of one or more of the following compounds:
acrylate/modified acrylate monomer and prepolymer, methacrylate/modified methacrylate monomer and prepolymer, vinyl monomer and prepolymer, and allyl monomer and prepolymer.
6. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal hologram grating of claim 1, wherein said cationically photopolymerizable compound comprises at least one cationically photopolymerizable compound comprising an epoxy or an oxa-cyclic group.
7. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating of claim 1, wherein the cationically photopolymerizable compound comprises a combination of one or more of the following compounds:
epoxy monomer and prepolymer, vinyl ether monomer and prepolymer, oxetane and its derivatives and aziridine compounds.
8. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating of claim 1, wherein the photoinitiator composition is one of quinizarin/triethylamine/iodonium salt, ferrocenium salt/iodonium salt, anthraquinone/iodonium salt, polymethine cyanine/iodonium salt, curcumin derivative/iodonium salt.
9. A method of making a polymer dispersed liquid crystal holographic grating according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
uniformly mixing the liquid crystal, the free radical polymerizable compound, the cationic photopolymerization compound and the photoinitiator composition to obtain a liquid crystal dispersion liquid;
and injecting the liquid crystal dispersion liquid into a liquid crystal box, and preparing the holographic body grating by adopting coherent laser exposure.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the step of preparing the holographic volume grating by coherent laser exposure comprises an exposure time of 0.5 to 21min and a single beam power of 2 to 4 mW/cm 2 。
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