CN115138945A - Electric arc additive manufacturing method for enhancing titanium alloy by using stainless steel powder - Google Patents
Electric arc additive manufacturing method for enhancing titanium alloy by using stainless steel powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN115138945A CN115138945A CN202210818813.6A CN202210818813A CN115138945A CN 115138945 A CN115138945 A CN 115138945A CN 202210818813 A CN202210818813 A CN 202210818813A CN 115138945 A CN115138945 A CN 115138945A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K9/232—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded of different metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/24—Ferrous alloys and titanium or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of electric arc additive manufacturing, and discloses an electric arc additive manufacturing method for enhancing titanium alloy by using stainless steel powder, which comprises the following steps: filling titanium alloy wires; introducing stainless steel powder into an acetone solution according to a certain proportion, so that the stainless steel powder is uniformly dispersed in the liquid resin; mounting a substrate, wherein the distance between the titanium alloy wire and the substrate is l-2mm; setting printing parameters of the titanium alloy; depositing titanium alloy, and protecting a formed part by adopting high-purity argon in the material increasing process; after the deposition of one layer is finished, uniformly coating the stainless steel suspension on the surface of the deposited layer; setting stainless steel powder melting parameters, starting an arc by a welding gun under the condition of no wire feeding, and idling for 1-2 times along a deposition path of the titanium alloy, and completely fusing the coated stainless steel powder by utilizing the arc heat generated between a tungsten electrode and a substrate; and repeating the steps until the manufacturing of the formed part is completed. The invention solves the problem of poor tensile strength and ductility of the titanium alloy in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric arc additive manufacturing, in particular to an electric arc additive manufacturing method for enhancing titanium alloy by using stainless steel powder.
Background
The electric arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) adopts a layer-by-layer surfacing mode to manufacture a compact metal solid component, has the advantages of low cost and high efficiency due to the fact that an electric arc is used as an energy-carrying beam, and is a process suitable for manufacturing large-size parts. The technology has incomparable efficiency and cost advantages on the forming of large-size metal structural parts compared with other additive technologies. The Ti-6Al-4V has high chemical activity, low thermal conductivity, high strength and excellent comprehensive mechanical property, and is the most widely applied titanium alloy. Currently, ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy parts show the development trend of high performance, large scale, integration and complication, and are increasingly produced by using an electric arc additive manufacturing technology.
High heat input and unstable electric arc easily cause poor performance of a formed part and cannot reach the performance level of a forged piece. When the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy is manufactured by the electric arc additive manufacturing method, due to the lower thermal gradient and heat transfer rate and the higher heat accumulation, the formation of a fine grain structure in the middle layer of the additive manufacturing process is prevented, and long columnar grains are generally formed in the middle of a formed part, so that the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy manufactured by the electric arc additive manufacturing method has lower yield strength.
The current research shows that when a sample piece is prepared by using an electric arc additive manufacturing technology, the grain structure can be effectively improved by adding boride, fluoride and other active agents, and the mechanical property of the titanium alloy is improved. However, the existing process method is not very obvious in improving the performance of the titanium alloy, and the high-strength titanium alloy part manufactured by the superfine flaky alpha-beta structure is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the titanium alloy prepared by the existing electric arc additive manufacturing technology in the prior art is thick in structure and cannot reach the level of a forged piece in strength, the invention provides an electric arc additive manufacturing method for reinforcing the titanium alloy by using stainless steel powder.
The invention adopts the specific scheme that: an arc additive manufacturing method for enhancing a titanium alloy with stainless steel powder, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Filling titanium alloy wires, polishing a titanium alloy substrate, wiping the titanium alloy substrate clean by absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and fixing the titanium alloy substrate on a workbench to ensure the titanium alloy substrate to be horizontal;
(2) Introducing stainless steel powder into an acetone solution according to a certain proportion, and uniformly dispersing the stainless steel powder in liquid resin by high-speed stirring;
(3) Mounting a substrate, and adjusting the distance between a tungsten electrode and a titanium alloy wire and the substrate, wherein the distance between the titanium alloy wire and the substrate is l-2mm;
(4) Setting printing parameters of the titanium alloy, and setting peak current, heat input, frequency, base current, peak time, scanning speed, layer height and wire feeding speed of a wire feeder of the welding machine;
(5) Depositing titanium alloy, and protecting a formed part by adopting high-purity argon in the material increasing process;
(6) After the deposition of one layer is finished, uniformly coating the stainless steel suspension on the surface of the deposited layer;
(7) Setting stainless steel powder melting parameters, starting an arc by a welding gun under the condition of no wire feeding, and idling for 1-2 times along a deposition path of the titanium alloy, and completely fusing the coated stainless steel powder by utilizing the arc heat generated between a tungsten electrode and a substrate;
(8) And repeating the fifth step to the seventh step until the molded part is manufactured.
The diameter of the titanium alloy wire welding wire in the step (1) is 0.8-1.2mm.
The stainless steel powder is 316L stainless steel powder, and the particle size range of the stainless steel powder is 10-100 mu m.
And (4) in the step (3), the distance between the titanium alloy wire and the tungsten electrode is 2-5mm.
The peak current in the step (4) is 200-240A; the peak time is 15% -30%; the base value current is 15-30%; the frequency is 1.5-2Hz; the scanning speed is 200-300mm/min; the wire feeding speed is 100-200cm/min; the layer height is 0.8-1.5mm.
The gas flow of the high-purity argon in the step (5) is 15-25L/min.
The current for welding in the step (7) is 120-180A; the scanning speed is 200-300mm/min; the wire feeding speed is 0cm/min.
The ratio of the stainless steel powder to the acetone in the step (2) is 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, by filling titanium alloy wire welding wires, a titanium alloy substrate is polished, cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone and then fixed on a workbench, so that the level of the titanium alloy substrate is ensured; introducing stainless steel powder into an acetone solution according to a certain proportion, and uniformly dispersing the stainless steel powder in liquid resin by high-speed stirring; mounting a substrate, and adjusting the distance between a tungsten electrode and a titanium alloy wire and the substrate, wherein the distance between the wire and the substrate is l-2mm; setting printing parameters of the titanium alloy, and setting peak current, heat input, frequency, base current, peak time, scanning speed, layer height and wire feeding speed of a wire feeder of the welding machine; depositing titanium alloy, and protecting a formed part by adopting high-purity argon in the material increasing process; after the deposition of one layer is finished, uniformly coating the stainless steel suspension on the surface of the deposited layer; setting stainless steel powder melting parameters, starting an arc by a welding gun under the condition of no wire feeding, and idling for 1-2 times along a deposition path of the titanium alloy, and completely fusing the coated stainless steel powder by utilizing the arc heat generated between a tungsten electrode and a substrate; and repeating the fifth step to the seventh step until the molded part is manufactured. According to the invention, a small amount of 316L stainless steel is dispersed in a Ti-6Al-4V alloy matrix, a micron-scale component gradient structure is formed by controlling the coating amount of 316L, the microstructure and the mechanical property of the titanium alloy are optimized, the structure of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy prepared by electric arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is generally coarse columnar crystal, the grain size of the titanium alloy prepared by electric arc additive manufacturing can be obviously refined by the method disclosed by the invention, a multi-layer nanometer twin crystal structure is constructed, the tensile strength and the ductility of the titanium alloy are obviously improved, and a highly dispersed and distributed superfine structure is formed in a final formed part, so that the tensile strength of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy exceeds 1300MPa, the elongation is more than 13%, the performance is improved by 30%, and the level of a super forging piece is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a prior art titanium alloy;
FIG. 2 shows the structure of the titanium alloy prepared by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be described by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that such description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The invention provides an electric arc additive manufacturing method for enhancing titanium alloy by using stainless steel powder, which comprises the following steps: (1) Filling titanium alloy wire welding wires, polishing a titanium alloy substrate, wiping the titanium alloy substrate clean by absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and fixing the titanium alloy substrate on a workbench to ensure the titanium alloy substrate to be horizontal; (2) Introducing stainless steel powder into an acetone solution according to a certain proportion, and uniformly dispersing the stainless steel powder in liquid resin by high-speed stirring; (3) Mounting a substrate, and adjusting the distance between a tungsten electrode and a titanium alloy wire and the substrate, wherein the distance between the wire and the substrate is l-2mm; (4) Setting printing parameters of the titanium alloy, and setting peak current, heat input, frequency, base current, peak time, scanning speed, layer height and wire feeding speed of a wire feeder of the welding machine; (5) Depositing titanium alloy, and protecting a formed part by adopting high-purity argon in the material increasing process; (6) After the deposition of one layer is finished, uniformly coating the stainless steel suspension on the surface of the deposited layer; (7) Setting stainless steel powder melting parameters, starting an arc by a welding gun under the condition of no wire feeding, and idling for 1-2 times along a deposition path of the titanium alloy, and completely fusing the coated stainless steel powder by utilizing the heat of an electric arc generated between a tungsten electrode and a substrate; (8) And repeating the fifth step to the seventh step until the molded part is manufactured.
The diameter of the welding wire in the step (1) is 0.8-1.2mm.
The stainless steel powder 316L is stainless steel powder, and the particle size of the stainless steel powder is 10-100 μm.
And (4) in the step (3), the distance between the titanium alloy wire and the tungsten electrode is 2-5mm.
The peak current in the step (4) is 200-240A; the peak time is 15% -30%; the base value current is 15-30%; the frequency is 1.5-2Hz; the scanning speed is 200-300mm/min; the wire feeding speed is 100-200cm/min; the layer height is 0.8-1.5mm.
The gas flow of the high-purity argon in the step (5) is 15-25L/min.
The current for welding in the step (7) is 120-180A; the scanning speed is 200-300mm/min; the wire feeding speed is 0cm/min.
The ratio of the stainless steel powder to the acetone in the step (2) is 1.
Example 1
The invention provides an electric arc additive manufacturing method for enhancing titanium alloy by using stainless steel powder, which comprises the following steps: filling Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy wires (the diameter of the welding wire is 0.8 mm), polishing a titanium alloy substrate, wiping the titanium alloy substrate clean by absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and fixing the titanium alloy substrate on a workbench to ensure the titanium alloy substrate to be horizontal; introducing 316L stainless steel powder into an acetone solution according to a certain proportion, and uniformly dispersing the stainless steel powder in liquid resin by high-speed stirring; 316L stainless steel powder is a common 3D printing powder material on the market, and the particle size range is 10 μm. The mixing ratio of the stainless steel powder to the acetone was 1. Mounting a substrate, and adjusting the distance between a tungsten electrode and a titanium alloy wire and the substrate, wherein the distance between the titanium alloy wire and the tungsten electrode is 2mm, and the distance between the wire and the substrate is lmm; setting the printing parameters of the titanium alloy, wherein the peak current is 200A; peak time 15%; the base current is 15%; the frequency is 1.5Hz; the scanning speed is 200mm/min; the wire feeding speed is 100cm/min; the lifting height of each layer is 0.8-1.5mm. And starting a machine to deposit the titanium alloy, and protecting the formed part by adopting high-purity argon in the material increase process, wherein the gas flow is 15L/min. After the deposition of one layer is finished, uniformly coating the stainless steel suspension on the surface of the deposited layer; and setting the melting parameters of the stainless steel powder, starting the arc by a welding gun under the condition of no wire feeding, and idling for 1 time along the deposition path of the titanium alloy, and completely fusing the coated stainless steel powder by utilizing the heat of the electric arc generated between the tungsten electrode and the substrate. The current is 120A; the scanning speed is 200mm/min; the wire feeding speed is 0cm/min. And repeating the steps until the molded part is manufactured.
Example 2
The invention provides an electric arc additive manufacturing method for enhancing titanium alloy by using stainless steel powder, which comprises the following steps: filling a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy wire (the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2 mm), polishing a titanium alloy substrate, wiping the titanium alloy substrate with absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and fixing the titanium alloy substrate on a workbench to ensure the level of the titanium alloy substrate; introducing 316L stainless steel powder into an acetone solution according to a certain proportion, and uniformly dispersing the stainless steel powder in liquid resin by high-speed stirring; 316L stainless steel powder is a common 3D printing powder material on the market, and the particle size range is 100 mu m. The mixing ratio of the stainless steel powder to the acetone was 1. Mounting a substrate, and adjusting the distance between a tungsten electrode and a titanium alloy wire and the substrate, wherein the distance between the titanium alloy wire and the tungsten electrode is 5mm, and the distance between the wire and the substrate is 2mm; setting printing parameters of the titanium alloy, wherein the peak current is 240A; peak time is 30%; the base current is 30%; the frequency is 2Hz; the scanning speed is 300mm/min; the wire feeding speed is 200cm/min; the elevation height of each layer was 1.5mm. And starting a machine to deposit the titanium alloy, and protecting the formed part by adopting high-purity argon in the material increase process, wherein the gas flow is 25L/min. After the deposition of one layer is finished, uniformly coating the stainless steel suspension on the surface of the deposited layer; and setting the melting parameters of the stainless steel powder, starting the arc by a welding gun under the condition of no wire feeding, and idling for 2 times along the deposition path of the titanium alloy, and completely fusing the coated stainless steel powder by utilizing the heat of the electric arc generated between a tungsten electrode and the substrate. The current is 180A; the scanning speed is 300mm/min; the wire feeding speed is 0cm/min. And repeating the steps until the manufacturing of the formed part is completed.
Example 3
The invention provides an electric arc additive manufacturing method for enhancing titanium alloy by using stainless steel powder, which comprises the following steps: filling Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy wires (the diameter of the welding wire is 1 mm), polishing a titanium alloy substrate, wiping the titanium alloy substrate clean by absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and fixing the titanium alloy substrate on a workbench to ensure the titanium alloy substrate to be horizontal; introducing 316L stainless steel powder into an acetone solution according to a certain proportion, and uniformly dispersing the stainless steel powder in liquid resin by high-speed stirring; 316L stainless steel powder is a common 3D printing powder material on the market, and the particle size range is 10-100 μm. The mixing ratio of the stainless steel powder to the acetone was 1. Mounting a substrate, and adjusting the distance between a tungsten electrode and a titanium alloy wire and the substrate, wherein the distance between the titanium alloy wire and the tungsten electrode is 4mm, and the distance between the wire and the substrate is 1.5mm; setting printing parameters of the titanium alloy, wherein the peak current is 220A; peak time 25%; the base current is 20%; the frequency is 1.7Hz, and the scanning speed is 250mm/min; the wire feeding speed is 150cm/min; the elevation height of each layer was 1mm. And starting a machine to deposit the titanium alloy, and protecting the formed part by adopting high-purity argon in the material increase process, wherein the gas flow is 20L/min. After one layer of deposition is finished, uniformly coating the stainless steel suspension on the surface of the deposition layer; and (3) setting the melting parameters of the stainless steel powder, starting an arc by a welding gun under the condition of no wire feeding, and idling for 1-2 times along the deposition path of the titanium alloy, and completely fusing the coated stainless steel powder by utilizing the heat of an electric arc generated between a tungsten electrode and a substrate. The current is 150A; the scanning speed is 250mm/min; the wire feeding speed is 0cm/min. And repeating the steps until the molded part is manufactured.
The method adopts the common 316L stainless steel powder in the market, greatly saves the cost, forms a micron-sized component gradient structure by controlling the coating amount of 316L, optimizes the microstructure and mechanical property of the titanium alloy, and has the advantages that the structure of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy prepared by electric arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is generally coarse columnar crystal.
The drawings and the explanation are only for one embodiment of the present invention, but the specific protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above explanation, and any simple replacement or change within the technical idea of the present invention and the technical solution according to the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An arc additive manufacturing method for enhancing a titanium alloy by using stainless steel powder, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Filling titanium alloy wires, polishing a titanium alloy substrate, wiping the titanium alloy substrate clean by absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and fixing the titanium alloy substrate on a workbench to ensure the titanium alloy substrate to be horizontal;
(2) Introducing stainless steel powder into an acetone solution according to a certain proportion, and uniformly dispersing the stainless steel powder in liquid resin by high-speed stirring;
(3) Mounting a substrate, and adjusting the distance between a tungsten electrode and a titanium alloy wire and the substrate, wherein the distance between the titanium alloy wire and the substrate is l-2mm;
(4) Setting printing parameters of the titanium alloy, and setting peak current, heat input, frequency, base current, peak time, scanning speed, layer height and wire feeding speed of a wire feeder of the welding machine;
(5) Depositing titanium alloy, and protecting a formed part by adopting high-purity argon in the material increasing process;
(6) After the deposition of one layer is finished, uniformly coating the stainless steel suspension on the surface of the deposited layer;
(7) Setting stainless steel powder melting parameters, starting an arc by a welding gun under the condition of no wire feeding, and idling for 1-2 times along a deposition path of the titanium alloy, and completely fusing the coated stainless steel powder by utilizing the arc heat generated between a tungsten electrode and a substrate;
(8) And repeating the fifth step to the seventh step until the molded part is manufactured.
2. The arc additive manufacturing method of titanium alloy reinforced with stainless steel powder according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the titanium alloy wire in step (1) is 0.8-1.2mm.
3. The arc additive manufacturing method of claim 2 wherein the stainless steel powder is 316L stainless steel powder, and the stainless steel powder has a particle size in the range of 10-100 μm.
4. The arc additive manufacturing method of using stainless steel powder to enhance titanium alloy according to claim 3, wherein the distance between the titanium alloy wire and the tungsten electrode in the step (3) is 2-5mm.
5. The arc additive manufacturing method of using stainless steel powder to enhance titanium alloy according to claim 4, wherein the peak current in step (4) is 200-240A; the peak time is 15% -30%; the base value current is 15-30%; the frequency is 1.5-2Hz; the scanning speed is 200-300mm/min; the wire feeding speed is 100-200cm/min; the layer height is 0.8-1.5mm.
6. The arc additive manufacturing method for strengthening titanium alloy by using stainless steel powder according to claim 5, wherein the gas flow rate of the high-purity argon in the step (5) is 15-25L/min.
7. The arc additive manufacturing method of titanium alloy reinforced with stainless steel powder according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the current of welding in step (7) is 120-180A; the scanning speed is 200-300mm/min; the wire feeding speed is 0cm/min.
8. The arc additive manufacturing method for enhancing titanium alloy by using stainless steel powder according to claim 7, wherein the ratio of the stainless steel powder to the acetone in the step (2) is 1.
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