CN115135567A - SAW torque sensor for a steering shaft of an electromechanical power steering system of a motor vehicle - Google Patents
SAW torque sensor for a steering shaft of an electromechanical power steering system of a motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115135567A CN115135567A CN202180015344.8A CN202180015344A CN115135567A CN 115135567 A CN115135567 A CN 115135567A CN 202180015344 A CN202180015344 A CN 202180015344A CN 115135567 A CN115135567 A CN 115135567A
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- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- steering
- shaft
- torque
- unit according
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
- G01L1/162—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices using piezoelectric resonators
- G01L1/165—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices using piezoelectric resonators with acoustic surface waves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D6/00—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits
- B62D6/08—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits responsive only to driver input torque
- B62D6/10—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits responsive only to driver input torque characterised by means for sensing or determining torque
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
- G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
- G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/22—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force applied to control members, e.g. control members of vehicles, triggers
- G01L5/221—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force applied to control members, e.g. control members of vehicles, triggers to steering wheels, e.g. for power assisted steering
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a steering unit having a one-piece sensor shaft (17) and a torque sensor unit (13) for detecting a torque introduced into the sensor shaft (17), wherein the sensor shaft (17) has a connection region for connection to a steering gear (3) in a first end region and is rotatably mounted in a transmission housing (18) in a second end region thereof, wherein the sensor shaft (17) has at least one flat (22, 23) which extends parallel to a longitudinal axis of the sensor shaft (17), wherein the torque sensor unit (13) comprises a surface wave sensor (130) which can be interrogated wirelessly and is arranged on the flat (23) and a transmitting and receiving antenna (25) which is provided for accessing and interrogating the surface wave sensor (130), and the transmitting and receiving antennas surround the sensor axis (17) in the region of the surface wave sensor (130) over an angular range of at least 150 DEG on the circumferential side.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a steering unit, in particular an electromechanical power steering system for a motor vehicle, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
Background
The torque sensor conventionally has a rotation angle sensor. In this case, two shaft parts that can be rotated to a limited extent are coupled to one another elastically by means of a torsion spring. When one shaft member is rotated relative to the other shaft member by torque applied by the vehicle operator, the relative rotational angle is substantially proportional to the torque input. In order to accurately determine the torque, it is important to be able to accurately measure the angle of rotation.
Such a torque sensor is known, for example, from the publication DE 102007043502 a 1. Here, a ring magnet is arranged on the upper steering shaft, while a holder with a magnetic stator is mounted on the lower steering shaft, which magnetic stator is opposed to the permanent magnet via a small air gap in the radial direction. The magnetic flux of the magnet is directed through the stator, which is typically comprised of two separate stator components, to first and second flux conductors, which then output the magnetic flux to a magnetic sensor, such as a hall sensor.
A disadvantage of such a three-piece shaft and torque sensor is the high number of parts, which results in correspondingly high costs.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a steering unit with a torque sensor unit which has fewer parts and is easier to assemble.
This object is achieved by a steering unit having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments result from the dependent claims.
The steering unit has a one-piece sensor shaft and a torque sensor unit for detecting a torque introduced into the sensor shaft, wherein the sensor shaft has a connection region for connection to a steering gear in a first end region and is rotatably mounted in a transmission housing in a second end region thereof. The sensor shaft has at least one flat portion, preferably two flat portions which are opposite in the circumferential direction. The at least one flat portion extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the steering shaft. A wirelessly interrogatable surface wave sensor of the torque sensor unit is disposed on one of the flats. The transmit and receive antennas are configured to access and query the surface wave sensor. The antenna surrounds the sensor axis in the region of the surface wave sensor on the circumferential side over an angular range of at least 150 °, preferably at least 190 °, in particular at least 270 °. The one-piece sensor shaft can be produced particularly simply and cost-effectively. It may be configured as a hollow shaft or a solid shaft. The small design makes it possible to arrange the torque sensor unit in the inner tube, so that a transmission cover for the transmission housing is no longer required. Since the antenna surrounds the sensor axis over at least a large angular range on the circumferential side, the signal transmission is significantly improved.
Preferably, the bearing of the sensor shaft in the region of the second end comprises two ball bearings which are arranged on both sides of a bearing for the worm wheel which is formed on the sensor shaft. The worm gear is preferably part of the power assist device.
In order to make optimum use of the installation space, the torque sensor unit is preferably arranged upstream of the bearing on the input side.
The surface wave sensor preferably has two sensor modules which are arranged at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the sensor shaft and whose longitudinal axes enclose an angle of 90 ° with one another.
Preferably, the antenna is arranged inside an inner tube surrounding the sleeve.
In one advantageous embodiment, the torque sensor unit has a plastic sleeve which surrounds the antenna on the circumferential side and which is designed such that it can be fixed on the inner tube. The plastic sleeve is preferably formed in the form of a connecting tube. The plastic sleeve can be slotted, i.e. it surrounds the antenna over an angular range of more than 270 °, preferably at least 350 °.
The sensor module can be fixed in a recess of the flat part of the sensor shaft by means of a tension bolt, or can be adhesively bonded, glass-sealed (verglast) or soldered to the sensor shaft.
Furthermore, an electromechanical steering system for a motor vehicle is provided, comprising a steering shaft which can be connected to a steering mechanism, a rack-and-pinion steering gear having a steering pinion which is connected to the steering shaft and which meshes with a rack for steering the vehicle wheels, which rack is mounted in a housing so as to be displaceable along a longitudinal axis, wherein the electromechanical steering system further has at least one electric motor for providing steering force assistance at the steering shaft and the steering unit described above. The one-piece sensor shaft forms the steering shaft.
Drawings
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with the aid of the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, identical or functionally identical components are provided with the same reference symbols. The figures show:
FIG. 1: a schematic view of an electromechanical power steering arrangement,
FIG. 2: from the longitudinal section of the three-piece shaft with the torque sensor unit known from the prior art,
FIG. 3: according to a longitudinal section of a shaft with a torque sensor according to the invention,
FIG. 4: the torque sensor unit in figure 3 is a perspective view,
FIG. 5: figure 3 is a perspective view of the shaft of the torque sensor unit,
FIG. 6: an exploded view of the components of the torque sensor, an
FIG. 7: a perspective view of the torque sensor.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 schematically shows an electromechanical power steering system 1 for a motor vehicle having a steering wheel 2, which is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to a steering shaft 3. The driver inputs a corresponding torque as a steering command into the steering shaft 3 via the steering wheel 2. Then, the torque is transmitted to the steering pinion 4 via the steering shaft 3. The pinion 4 meshes in a known manner with a toothed segment 50 of the rack 5. The steering pinion 4 forms a steering gear together with the rack 5. The toothed rack 5 is mounted in the third steering gear housing so as to be displaceable in the direction of its longitudinal axis. The toothed rack 5 is connected at its free end to a track rod 6 via a ball and socket joint, not shown. The tie rods 6 are each connected in a known manner via a steering knuckle to a respective steerable wheel 7 of the motor vehicle. Rotation of the steering wheel 2 causes longitudinal movement of the rack 5, and thus pivoting of the steerable wheels 7, via the connection of the steering shaft 3 and the pinion 4. The steerable wheels 7 are subjected to a reaction by the lane 70, which counteracts the steering movement. Thus, a force is required for pivoting the wheel 7, which causes a corresponding torque to be required on the steering wheel 2. An electric motor 8 with a rotor position sensor of a servo unit 9 is provided in order to assist the driver during this steering movement. The servo unit 9 can be coupled as a power assist device 10, 11, 12 to the steering shaft 3, the steering pinion 4 or the rack 5. Each respective power assist device 10, 11, 12 introduces an assist torque into the steering shaft 3, the steering pinion 4 and/or the rack 5, thereby assisting the driver in steering. The three different power assist devices 10, 11, 12 shown in fig. 1 show alternative positions of their arrangement. In general, in the position shown, only one is occupied by the power assist device. The servo unit can be arranged here as a superposition steering system on the steering column or as a power assist system on the pinion 4 or rack 5.
Fig. 2 shows a torque sensor unit 13 which detects a torsion of the upper steering shaft 30 relative to the lower steering shaft 31 as a measure of the torque manually applied to the upper steering shaft 30.
The upper steering shaft 30 and the lower steering shaft 31 are rotationally elastically coupled to each other by a torsion bar 32. The torsion between the upper steering shaft 30 and the lower steering shaft 31 can be detected via the rotation angle sensor. The rotation angle sensor is also referred to as a torque sensor. The torque sensor unit 13 has a ring magnet (permanent magnet) 14 connected to the upper steering shaft 30 in a rotationally fixed manner and a stator 15 connected to the lower steering shaft 31. The associated sensor unit 16 is held in a spatially fixed manner in a transmission cover of the power assist device 11 arranged on the steering shaft. The servo unit 9 provides steering assist to the driver based on the torque measured by the torque sensor unit 13.
Fig. 3 to 7 show an embodiment of the present invention. The sensor shaft 17 of the torque sensor unit 13 is of one-piece construction. It may be configured as a hollow shaft or a solid shaft. As shown in fig. 3, the sensor shaft 17 is rotatably supported in the transmission housing 18 by a ball bearing 19 and serves as the steering shaft 3. Bearings 19 are provided on both sides of a support 20 for a worm wheel 21. The worm wheel 21 is driven by an electric motor for steering assist by means of a worm. On the inlet side, before the groove ball bearing 19, the sensor shaft 17 has a substantially circular cross section and two flat portions 22, 23 lying opposite one another in the circumferential direction. On one of the flat portions 23, two sensor modules 24 of a surface wave sensor 130(OFW sensor, english saw (surface Acoustic wave) sensor) are arranged. Surface wave sensors are passive, contactlessly interrogatable by radio, devices without their own energy supply.
The sensor shaft 17 is surrounded on the circumferential side in the region of the sensor module 24 by an antenna 25 of the torque sensor unit 13, through which the electromagnetic pulses reach the SAW sensor and are transmitted back again. These electromagnetic waves are converted by the transducer into mechanical waves that pass through the SAW sensor 130. The two sensor modules 24 each have a reflector 26. A plurality of reflectors may also be provided. As can be seen from fig. 5, the two reflectors 26 are arranged at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis 100 of the sensor shaft. The longitudinal axes 101, 102 of the sensor modules enclose an angle of 90 °. The sensor module is essentially composed of two thin metal electrodes embedded in finger-like fashion in a piezoelectric substrate, for example quartz. In the case of the introduction of a torque into the sensor shaft 17, a deformation of the substrate and thus a change in the resonance frequency as a function of the torque applied to the shaft occurs.
When the steering wheel connected to the sensor shaft 17 is rotated clockwise, the first sensor module is subjected to compressive stress and the second sensor module is subjected to tensile stress, whereby the resonance frequency changes. The high-frequency interrogation pulse is therefore reflected with a time delay, wherein the time delay is caused by the relatively slow propagation speed of the mechanical wave compared to the electromagnetic wave.
The antenna 25 is disposed within the inner tube 27. The inner tube 27 surrounds a sleeve which is designed to be displaceable in the event of a crash.
Since the torque sensor unit is arranged completely in the inner tube 27, no transmission cover is required, since the inner tube 27 itself closes the transmission housing 18.
As shown in detail in fig. 4, 6 and 7, the torque sensor unit 13 has a plastic sleeve 28, which surrounds the antenna 25 on the circumferential side. The plastic sleeve 28 has a cutout 29 through which a signal line 30 provided for the antenna 25 can be guided. The signal conductor transmits the signal to the ECU. The plastic sleeve 28 is fixed to the outside of the gear housing by means of screws.
The transmission cover is replaced by an inner tube. On the end side of the inner tube, a plate/flange is welded, which is fixed to the transmission housing instead of the transmission cover. In the interior of the inner pipe, a plastic sleeve is connected to the plate/flange.
Fig. 6 shows the OFW sensor 130 in detail. The OFW sensor 130 has two sensor modules 24. Each sensor module 24 has a sensor chip 32 arranged on a carrier 31. The sensor chip 32 is located on a circuit board 33. The module 24 is preferably fixed in a recess on the flat part of the sensor shaft 17 by means of a tension bolt. Alternatively, the module 24 can also be glued, glass-sealed (verglast) or soldered to the sensor shaft 17.
Claims (9)
1. Steering unit having a one-piece sensor shaft (17) and a torque sensor unit (13) for detecting a torque introduced into the sensor shaft (17), wherein the sensor shaft (17) has a connection region for connection to a steering gear (3) in a first end region and is rotatably mounted in a transmission housing (18) in a second end region thereof, characterized in that the sensor shaft (17) has at least one flat (22, 23) which extends parallel to a longitudinal axis of the sensor shaft (17), wherein the torque sensor unit (13) comprises a surface wave sensor (130) which can be interrogated wirelessly and is arranged on the flat (23) and comprises a transmitting and receiving antenna (25) which is provided for accessing and interrogating the surface wave sensor (130), and the transmitting and receiving antennas surround the sensor axis (17) in the region of the surface wave sensor (130) over an angular range of at least 150 DEG on the circumferential side.
2. Steering unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing of the sensor shaft (17) in the region of the second end comprises two ball bearings (19) which are arranged on both sides of a bearing (20) for a worm wheel (21) which is constructed on the sensor shaft (17).
3. Steering unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the torque sensor unit (13) is arranged in front of the bearing (19) on the input side.
4. Steering unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface wave sensor (130) has two sensor modules (24) which are arranged at an angle of 45 ° to the longitudinal axis (100) of the sensor shaft and whose longitudinal axes (101, 102) enclose an angle of 90 ° with one another.
5. Steering unit according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna (25) is arranged within an inner tube (27) surrounding a bushing.
6. Steering unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the torque sensor unit (13) has a plastic sleeve (28) which surrounds the antenna (25) on the circumferential side, wherein the plastic sleeve (28) can be fixed on an inner tube (27).
7. Steering unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor module (24) is fixed in a recess of the flat part of the sensor shaft (17) by means of a tie bolt.
8. Steering unit according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sensor module (24) is glued, glass-sealed or soldered together with the sensor shaft (17).
9. An electromechanical steering system (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising a steering shaft (2) which can be connected to a steering mechanism (2), a rack-and-pinion steering gear having a steering pinion (4) which is connected to the steering shaft (2) and which meshes with a rack (5) for steering wheels (7), which is mounted in a housing so as to be movable along a longitudinal axis, and comprising at least one electric motor for providing steering force assistance on the steering shaft (3) and a steering unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor shaft (17) forms the steering shaft (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020104135.7 | 2020-02-18 | ||
| DE102020104135.7A DE102020104135B4 (en) | 2020-02-18 | 2020-02-18 | SAW torque sensor for a steering shaft of an electromechanical power steering system of a motor vehicle |
| PCT/EP2021/053576 WO2021165169A1 (en) | 2020-02-18 | 2021-02-15 | Surface acoustic wave torque sensor for a steering shaft of an electromechanical power steering system of a motor vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115135567A true CN115135567A (en) | 2022-09-30 |
| CN115135567B CN115135567B (en) | 2024-06-21 |
Family
ID=74672282
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202180015344.8A Active CN115135567B (en) | 2020-02-18 | 2021-02-15 | SAW torque sensor for a steering shaft of an electromechanical power steering system of a motor vehicle |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115135567B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102020104135B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021165169A1 (en) |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1031491A1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2000-08-30 | Adwest Steering Limited | Improvements in or relating to vehicle steering |
| JP2001088719A (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2001-04-03 | Nsk Ltd | Electric power steering device |
| US6532833B1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2003-03-18 | Ryszard Marian Lec | Torque measuring piezoelectric device and method |
| CN1571919A (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2005-01-26 | 传感技术有限公司 | Temperatures stable saw sensor with third-order elastic constants |
| CN101329209A (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-24 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Magnetostrictive torque sensor and electrically powered steering apparatus using same |
| CN102288339A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2011-12-21 | 北京理工大学 | Passive and wireless acoustic surface wave torque sensor with self temperature and vibration compensation functions |
| US20130152703A1 (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-20 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Magnetostrictive torque sensor and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN108698640A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2018-10-23 | 蒂森克虏伯股份公司 | The fluctuation realized by the angular transducer appropriate in electric boosted assisted diversion equipment/torque sensor magnet arrangement minimizes |
| CN108928385A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-12-04 | 株式会社万都 | For detecting the device and method of direction information |
| CN110017927A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2019-07-16 | 东北林业大学 | A kind of surface acoustic wave sensor measuring motor turning torque |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007043502A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2009-04-02 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Flux conductor element for use in torque or rotational angle sensor arrangement of motor vehicle, has bendable latches provided for magnetic field sensor, and geometrical contour that is cut into number of minimum cuts of sheet metal |
-
2020
- 2020-02-18 DE DE102020104135.7A patent/DE102020104135B4/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-02-15 CN CN202180015344.8A patent/CN115135567B/en active Active
- 2021-02-15 WO PCT/EP2021/053576 patent/WO2021165169A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6532833B1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2003-03-18 | Ryszard Marian Lec | Torque measuring piezoelectric device and method |
| EP1031491A1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2000-08-30 | Adwest Steering Limited | Improvements in or relating to vehicle steering |
| JP2001088719A (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2001-04-03 | Nsk Ltd | Electric power steering device |
| CN1571919A (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2005-01-26 | 传感技术有限公司 | Temperatures stable saw sensor with third-order elastic constants |
| CN101329209A (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-24 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Magnetostrictive torque sensor and electrically powered steering apparatus using same |
| CN102288339A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2011-12-21 | 北京理工大学 | Passive and wireless acoustic surface wave torque sensor with self temperature and vibration compensation functions |
| US20130152703A1 (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-20 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Magnetostrictive torque sensor and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN108698640A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2018-10-23 | 蒂森克虏伯股份公司 | The fluctuation realized by the angular transducer appropriate in electric boosted assisted diversion equipment/torque sensor magnet arrangement minimizes |
| CN108928385A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-12-04 | 株式会社万都 | For detecting the device and method of direction information |
| CN110017927A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2019-07-16 | 东北林业大学 | A kind of surface acoustic wave sensor measuring motor turning torque |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115135567B (en) | 2024-06-21 |
| DE102020104135B4 (en) | 2023-09-14 |
| WO2021165169A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
| DE102020104135A1 (en) | 2021-08-19 |
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