CN115125530B - Antifriction and rust-proof method for surface of turnout sliding bed platen - Google Patents
Antifriction and rust-proof method for surface of turnout sliding bed platen Download PDFInfo
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- CN115125530B CN115125530B CN202210742540.1A CN202210742540A CN115125530B CN 115125530 B CN115125530 B CN 115125530B CN 202210742540 A CN202210742540 A CN 202210742540A CN 115125530 B CN115125530 B CN 115125530B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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Abstract
The antifriction and rust-proof method for the surface of the turnout slide bed platen comprises the following steps: machining, surface pretreatment, robot feeding, robot laser cladding, robot blanking, grinding, stacking, transferring and welding. The robot assembly line disclosed by the invention is operated, so that the labor intensity is reduced, and the turnover efficiency of the material parts is improved; the automatic degree is high, the production quality is stable, the labor cost is low, the method is economical and practical, and the method is environment-friendly, safe and efficient; the cladding layer is metallurgically bonded with the base material, so that the bonding strength is high and the bump is more resistant; the workpiece grabbing structure is simple, safe and reliable; the surface treatment cost is reduced, the thermal deformation of the workpiece after cladding is effectively eliminated, and a cladding layer with enough thickness is ensured; the production quality is stable and reliable, and the product is more wear-resistant and durable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plating of metal materials by chemical metallurgy, and particularly relates to an antifriction and rust-proof method for a surface of a turnout sliding bed platen.
Background
The slide plate is an important part for connecting the switch rail piece with the foundation under the rail, not only bears the vehicle load transferred by the switch rail and the point rail, but also needs to ensure that the switch rail and the point rail can slide in place on the surface of the slide plate so as to realize the important function of changing the rail of the train. Therefore, the technical requirements of antifriction and rust prevention are provided for the surface of the slide bed plate.
At present, the friction-reducing and rust-preventing process of the turnout sliding bed platen mainly adopts a hard chromium electroplating process, and chromic acid solution can generate chromic acid mist and wastewater to cause harm to human bodies and the environment; the electroplating of hard chromium is relatively backward in environmental protection, can cause environmental pollution, and also belongs to harmful industrial species; thus, the banned of some electroplated hard chrome plants has severely impacted corporate production. In view of this, an economical, environment-friendly and efficient rust and abrasion prevention method is developed, and the following technical scheme is proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the friction-reducing rust-preventing method for the surface of the turnout slide table plate solves the technical problems of economy, environmental protection and high-efficiency production on how to realize friction reduction and rust prevention of the surface of the turnout slide table plate.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that: the antifriction and rust-proof method for the surface of the turnout sliding bed platen comprises the following steps:
s1, machining: machining the forged steel plate or the Q345 steel plate, for example, when the thickness of the laser cladding layer is 0.2mm, machining the upper surface of the sliding bed platen to reduce the corresponding height by 0.2mm, and reserving the laser cladding thickness; and machining the bottom surface of the sliding bed platen to reserve a machining amount which is more than or equal to 0.1mm and is used for eliminating the thermal deformation of the sliding bed platen after laser cladding.
S2, surface pretreatment: the upper surface of the sliding bed platen is subjected to oil removal and rust removal treatment, so that the upper surface of the sliding bed platen is smooth and clean, no adsorbed impurities are ensured, and the smoothness is not less than 6.3.
S3, robot feeding: the feeding robot is adopted, an electromagnetic adsorption device I arranged at the tail end of a manipulator of the feeding robot is used for grabbing the sliding bed platen in an electromagnetic magnetic attraction mode, and the sliding bed platen is stacked to the appointed position of a laser cladding workbench of the laser cladding robot.
S4, robot laser cladding: and (3) carrying out laser cladding processing on the in-place sliding bed platen by adopting a laser cladding robot, wherein the processing range of laser cladding is larger than the size of the sliding bed platen, and the cladding thickness is larger than 0.5mm.
S5, robot blanking: the method comprises the steps that a blanking robot is adopted, an electromagnetic adsorption device II arranged at the tail end of a manipulator of the blanking robot is adopted, a sliding bed platen after laser cladding is grabbed in an electromagnetic magnetic attraction mode, and the sliding bed platen is stacked to a designated position of a conveying device; the conveyor 4 conveys the laser-clad slide table plate to a designated position in the next process.
S6, grinding: adopting a surface grinder to process the slide bed platen in place, and removing the reserved quantity which is reserved at the bottom surface of the slide bed platen and is more than or equal to 0.1 mm; and then taking the bottom surface of the sliding bed platen as a reference, grinding the upper surface of the sliding bed platen, controlling the roughness of the upper surface of the sliding bed platen to be less than 6.3 mu m, and simultaneously enabling the thickness of a cladding layer on the upper surface of the sliding bed platen to be not less than 0.2mm.
S7, stacking and transferring: the upper surface of the sliding bed platen is covered by pearl wool, so that the upper surface of the sliding bed platen is protected from damage, and the protected sliding bed platen is transported to a welding station.
S8, welding: and removing the covered pearl cotton, welding and fixedly connecting the sliding bed platen and the bottom plate into a whole, and performing weld penetration flaw detection treatment on the welded seam.
In the above technical solution, further: the step S4 includes the following steps:
s401, powder filling: and filling the mixed alloy powder into a powder feeder of the laser cladding robot.
S402, debugging and idle running checking: the laser cladding robot is debugged, so that the laser cladding robot runs empty according to a program, and the cladding head shape-moving area is observed manually, so that the cladding head shape-moving area completely covers the area to be clad of the sliding bed platen when the cladding head runs empty.
S403, starting: and formally starting a laser cladding robot to run, wherein the cladding robot controls a cladding head to carry out reciprocating laser cladding along the length or width direction of the sliding bed platen according to a program until the laser cladding is completed.
S404, continuous cladding operation: and (3) after blanking the slide bed platen subjected to laser cladding, carrying out laser cladding on the slide bed platen which is the same in model and in place on the next slide bed platen.
S405, suspending: after the laser cladding of all the sliding bed tables on the workbench is finished, the laser cladding robot pauses working.
In step S404, the blanking robot places the next slide table plate to be clad to the designated position of the laser cladding workbench according to the program in the gap of blanking the slide table plate just completed with laser cladding, and the feeding and blanking time periods of the feeding robot and the blanking robot are equal and the feeding and the blanking are synchronous.
In the above technical solution, further: the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic adsorption device I and the electromagnetic adsorption device II respectively provided for the feeding robot and the discharging robot is more than or equal to 20kg; the magnetic attraction sizes of the electromagnetic attraction device I and the electromagnetic attraction device II are 95 mm-150 mm.
In the above technical solution, further: the laser cladding robot is provided with a laser and a powder feeder, and the laser and the powder feeder synchronously run and are connected with the cladding head into a whole.
In the above technical solution, further: the cladding speed of the laser cladding robot is at least 6 min/block.
In the above technical solution, further: in the step S7, the deep hardness of the sliding bed platen is more than or equal to 500HV, and the surface hardness is more than or equal to 600HV; the corrosion resistance requirements meet the following parameters: carrying out a 120-hour neutral salt spray test on a sliding bed platen, wherein NSS (non-standard sodium sulfonate) rating of the neutral salt spray test is not lower than nine national standard grades of GB/T6461; according to the requirements of national standard GB/T6396, the shearing strength of the binding force between the cladding layer and the substrate is more than or equal to 340Mpa; the friction coefficient is less than or equal to 0.2.
In the above technical solution, further: in step S8, the weld penetration flaw detection process includes the steps of:
s801, removing weld flash, welding slag, greasy dirt and rust on the surface of the weld joint, and ensuring the surface of the weld joint to be clean.
S802, spraying a purple penetrating agent, and covering the whole surface of the welding seam; after spraying, the solution stays for 8 to 12 minutes, so that the penetrant is still in a wet state before cleaning.
S803, spraying a colorless cleaning agent, and cleaning the penetrating agent on the whole surface of the welding seam.
S804, spraying a white developer, and covering the whole surface of the welding seam.
S805, visually observing the surface of the welding line under natural light, and observing whether purple linear defect marks or purple spot circular defect marks exist; and the defect trace meets the requirements of GB/T26953-2011 grade 2 of weld penetration detection acceptance rating of weld nondestructive detection: the length L of the linear defect is less than or equal to 4mm, and the diameter d of the circular defect is less than or equal to 6mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the invention, the laser cladding rust prevention antifriction treatment is realized by adopting the robot assembly line operation, the manual auxiliary transportation is not needed, the labor intensity is reduced, and the turnover efficiency of the material parts is improved; the automatic degree is high, the efficiency is obviously improved, the quality is stable, the labor cost is low, and the automatic machine is economical and practical.
2. According to the laser cladding process, alloy powder is used as an additive material and is combined with a part base material in a hot processing mode, and metal powder scattered into a space in the processing process can be recycled in water leaching, adsorption and other modes, so that the laser cladding process is environment-friendly, safe and efficient.
3. Compared with a supersonic thermal spraying process, the supersonic thermal spraying process directly and thermally adsorbs alloy powder in a molten state to the surface of a part through spraying, and the coating and the part are in adsorption combination, so that the combination strength is low; the rapid laser cladding of the invention is to melt alloy powder on the surface of the part, and the cladding is in fact the thermal fusion process of the alloy powder and the part, namely the cladding layer and the base material belong to metallurgical bonding, so that the bonding strength is higher and the welding is more resistant to collision.
4. Compared with the hard chromium electroplating technology, the invention has the advantages of less pollution, low labor intensity, high processing efficiency, and recycling of alloy powder, and is an environment-friendly, economical, efficient, safe and reliable technical means.
5. The robot provided by the invention has the advantages that the workpiece is grabbed by adopting an electromagnetic adsorption mode, the electric adsorption is performed, the magnetic attraction is released after the power is off, the adsorption is reliable, the tool structure is simple, the manufacture is easy, and the grabbing is safe and reliable.
6. According to the invention, one robot can realize unloading and grabbing of workpieces while the other robot can realize unloading and grabbing of workpieces, so that the production line type machining efficiency is effectively improved, and the surface treatment cost of the sliding bed platen is reduced by about 5 yuan/block.
7. The machining process effectively eliminates thermal deformation of the workpiece after cladding, ensures cladding layers with enough thickness, has stable and reliable quality, and is more wear-resistant and durable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the flow line production structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a laser cladding robot according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a loading robot according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a feeding robot and 1-1 an electromagnetic adsorption device I; 2-laser cladding robot, 2-1 laser cladding workbench; 3-unloading robot, 3-1 electromagnetic adsorption device II, 4-conveyer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 4 of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The friction-reducing rust-preventing method for the surface of the turnout slide bed platen (shown in figure 2) comprises the following steps:
step S1, machining: machining the forged steel plate or the Q345 steel plate, for example, when the thickness of the laser cladding layer is 0.2mm, machining the upper surface of the sliding bed platen to reduce the corresponding height by 0.2mm; when the thickness of the cladding layer is greater than 0.2mm, the height of the machining reduction of the upper surface of the corresponding slide bed platen is also a corresponding value greater than 0.2mm, and the pre-machining process is adopted for reserving the required laser cladding thickness. On the basis, machining the bottom surface of the sliding bed platen is required to be reserved with a machining amount which is more than or equal to 0.1mm, and the machining amount is used for eliminating the thermal deformation of the sliding bed platen after laser cladding, so that the subsequent quality of products is ensured. Therefore, the machining process can effectively eliminate thermal deformation of the workpiece after cladding, ensure a cladding layer with enough thickness, has stable and reliable quality, and is more wear-resistant and durable.
Step S2, surface pretreatment: the upper surface of the sliding bed platen is subjected to oil removal and rust removal treatment, so that the upper surface of the sliding bed platen is smooth and clean, no adsorbed impurities are ensured, and the smoothness is not less than 6.3.
Specifically: the oil removing method comprises the following steps: the surface is scrubbed with a diluent, the greasy dirt is melted by the diluent, and the diluent with the greasy dirt is scrubbed with a rag. The method for removing the floating rust comprises the following steps: and polishing the surface of the floating rust by using sand paper to ensure no floating rust residue.
The treatment method lays a foundation for high-quality processing of subsequent products.
(with reference to fig. 4), step S3, robot feeding: the feeding robot 1 is adopted, an electromagnetic adsorption device I1-1 arranged at the tail end of a manipulator of the feeding robot 1 is used for grabbing a sliding bed platen in an electromagnetic magnetic attraction mode, and the sliding bed platen is stacked to a designated position of a laser cladding workbench 2-1 of the laser cladding robot 2.
In the above embodiment, further: the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic adsorption device I1-1 of the feeding robot 1 is more than or equal to 20kg; the magnetic attraction size of the electromagnetic adsorption device I1-1 is 95 mm-150 mm. The electromagnetic adsorption device I1-1 is preferably a square electromagnetic chuck with 10 cm-10 cm contact surface with the sliding bed table.
It should be noted that: the feeding robot 1 is an existing multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator. The electromagnetic adsorption device I1-1 is only needed to be refitted at the tail end of the manipulator.
Therefore, the robot provided by the invention realizes workpiece grabbing in an electromagnetic adsorption mode, and is capable of carrying out electric adsorption, de-energizing and releasing magnetic attraction, reliable in adsorption, simple in tool structure, easy to manufacture and safe and reliable in grabbing.
Step S4, robot laser cladding: and the laser cladding robot 2 is adopted to carry out laser cladding processing on the in-place sliding bed platen, the processing range of laser cladding is larger than the size of the sliding bed platen, the cladding thickness is larger than 0.5mm, and the cladding thickness is larger than the required thickness, so that the later grinding processing is convenient.
The laser cladding robot 2 is provided with a synchronous powder feeding laser, and realizes rapid and continuous cladding by rapidly moving a cladding head along the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction of a platen as shown in figure 1. The continuous process means that after one sliding bed platen is clad, the cladding of the rest sliding bed platens in place on the workbench can be continuously completed.
(as shown in fig. 3) in the above embodiment, further: the laser cladding robot 2 is provided with a laser and a powder feeder, and the laser and the powder feeder synchronously run and are connected with a cladding head into a whole, so that a compact design is realized, the efficient cladding is convenient, and the cladding efficiency is convenient to improve.
In the above embodiment, further: the cladding speed of the laser cladding robot 2 is at least 6 min/block.
The step S4 includes the following steps:
step S401, powder filling: the mixed alloy powder is charged into a powder feeder of the laser cladding robot 2. The proportion of the alloy powder is the prior art.
Step S402, debugging and idle running checking: the laser cladding robot 2 is debugged, so that the laser cladding robot 2 runs empty according to a program, and the cladding head shape-moving area is observed manually, so that the cladding head shape-moving area completely covers the area to be clad of the sliding bed platen when the cladding head runs empty. Thereby ensuring consistency of cladding quality.
Step S403, starting: and formally starting the laser cladding robot 2, and controlling the cladding head to carry out reciprocating laser cladding along the length or width direction of the sliding bed platen by the cladding robot 2 according to a program until the laser cladding is completed.
Step S404, continuous cladding operation: and (3) after blanking the slide bed platen subjected to laser cladding, carrying out laser cladding on the slide bed platen which is the same in model and in place on the next slide bed platen.
To improve the processing efficiency again: in step S404, the blanking robot 3 places the next slide table board to be clad to the designated position of the laser cladding workbench 2-1 according to the program in the gap of the blanking of the slide table board just completed with the laser cladding, and the feeding and blanking periods of the feeding robot 1 and the blanking robot 3 are equal and the feeding and the blanking are synchronously performed, namely, the feeding and the blanking are synchronously performed.
Step S405, suspending: after all the slide bed tables on the workbench are subjected to laser cladding, the laser cladding robot 2 pauses working.
Step S5, robot blanking: the blanking robot 3 is adopted, an electromagnetic adsorption device II 3-1 arranged at the tail end of a manipulator of the blanking robot 3 is adopted to grasp a sliding bed platen after laser cladding in an electromagnetic magnetic attraction mode, and the sliding bed platen is stacked to a designated position of the conveying device 4. The conveyor 4 conveys the slide table plate after laser cladding to a designated position of a next process.
Preferably, the conveyor 4 comprises a belt conveyor or a guide roller conveyor.
Similarly: in the above embodiment, further: the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic adsorption device II 3-1 of the blanking robot 3 is more than or equal to 20kg; the magnetic attraction size of the electromagnetic adsorption device II 3-1 is 95 mm-150 mm. Preferably, the square electromagnetic chuck is 10cm x 10cm in contact with the sliding bed.
Therefore, the robot provided by the invention realizes workpiece grabbing in an electromagnetic adsorption mode, and is capable of carrying out electric adsorption, de-energizing and releasing magnetic attraction, reliable in adsorption, simple in tool structure, easy to manufacture and safe and reliable in grabbing.
Step S6, grinding: and (3) adopting a surface grinder to process the slide bed platen in place, and removing the reserved quantity which is reserved at the bottom surface of the slide bed platen and is greater than or equal to 0.1mm to obtain the required bottom surface. And grinding the upper surface of the sliding bed platen by taking the machined bottom surface of the sliding bed platen as a reference, controlling the roughness of the upper surface of the sliding bed platen to be less than 6.3 mu m, and simultaneously enabling the thickness of a cladding layer on the upper surface of the sliding bed platen to be not less than 0.2mm to obtain the required sliding bed platen.
Step S7, stacking and transferring: the upper surface of the sliding bed platen is covered by pearl wool, so that the upper surface of the sliding bed platen is protected from damage, and the protected sliding bed platen is transported to a welding station.
In the step S7, the deep hardness of the obtained sliding bed platen is more than or equal to 500HV, and the surface hardness is more than or equal to 600HV; the corrosion resistance requirements meet the following parameters: carrying out a 120-hour neutral salt spray test on a sliding bed platen, wherein NSS (non-standard sodium sulfonate) rating of the neutral salt spray test is not lower than nine national standard grades of GB/T6461; according to the requirements of national standard GB/T6396, the shearing strength of the binding force between the cladding layer and the substrate is more than or equal to 340Mpa; the friction coefficient is less than or equal to 0.2.
Step S8, welding: and removing the covered pearl cotton, welding and fixedly connecting the sliding bed platen and the bottom plate into a whole, and performing weld penetration flaw detection treatment on the welded seam.
In the above embodiment, further: in step S8, the weld penetration flaw detection process includes the steps of:
step S801, removing weld flash, welding slag, greasy dirt and rust on the surface of the weld joint, and ensuring the surface of the weld joint to be clean.
S802, spraying a purple penetrating agent, and covering the whole surface of the welding seam; after spraying, the solution stays for 8 to 12 minutes, so that the penetrant is still in a wet state before cleaning.
And step 803, spraying a colorless cleaning agent, and cleaning the penetrating agent on the whole surface of the welding seam.
Step S804, spraying a white developer, and covering the whole surface of the welding seam.
Step S805, visually observing the surface of the welding line under natural light, and observing whether purple linear defect traces or purple spot circular defect traces exist; and the defect trace meets the requirements of GB/T26953-2011 grade 2 of weld penetration detection acceptance rating of weld nondestructive detection: the length L of the linear defect is less than or equal to 4mm, and the diameter d of the circular defect is less than or equal to 6mm.
By adopting the weld joint penetration flaw detection treatment method, the purposes and effects are as follows: the quality of the weld joint of the slide plate is ensured to meet the requirements by a simple, convenient and effective nondestructive detection means. The penetration flaw detection has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency and no damage to welding seams.
From the above description it can be found that: according to the invention, the laser cladding rust prevention antifriction treatment is realized by adopting the robot assembly line operation, the manual auxiliary transportation is not needed, the labor intensity is reduced, and the turnover efficiency of the material parts is improved; the automatic degree is high, the efficiency is obviously improved, the quality is stable, the labor cost is low, and the automatic machine is economical and practical.
According to the laser cladding process, alloy powder is used as an additive material and is combined with a part base material in a hot processing mode, and metal powder scattered into a space in the processing process can be recycled in water leaching, adsorption and other modes, so that the laser cladding process is environment-friendly, safe and efficient.
The supersonic thermal spraying process of the invention directly and thermally adsorbs alloy powder in a molten state to the surface of the part by spraying, and the coating and the part are in adsorption combination, so that the combination strength is low. The rapid laser cladding of the invention is to melt alloy powder on the surface of the part, and the cladding is the thermal fusion process of the alloy powder and the part, namely the cladding layer and the base material belong to metallurgical bonding, so that the bonding strength is higher and the welding is more resistant to collision.
The main performance comparison of the supersonic thermal spraying process and the laser cladding process products is shown in the following table: TABLE 1
Moreover, compared with the hard chromium electroplating technology, the invention can generate chromic acid mist and waste water due to chromic acid solution, and can cause harm to human body and environment. The laser cladding process has the advantages of small pollution, low labor intensity, high processing efficiency, recycling of alloy powder, environmental protection, economy, high efficiency, safety and reliability.
Furthermore, when one robot is used for feeding, the other robot is used for realizing the unloading and grabbing of workpieces, so that the production line type machining efficiency is effectively improved, and the surface treatment cost of the sliding bed platen is reduced by about 5 yuan/block.
In conclusion, the invention is economical, environment-friendly, safe and efficient, has high automation degree and stable quality, is suitable for mass production, and remarkably improves the binding force of the cladding layer of the product and the rust resistance and wear resistance; not only effectively reduces the cost of the surface treatment process, but also saves labor and is suitable for popularization.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a related manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The antifriction and rust-proof method for the surface of the turnout sliding bed platen is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, machining: machining the forged steel plate or the Q345 steel plate, for example, when the thickness of the laser cladding layer is 0.2mm, machining the upper surface of the sliding bed platen to reduce the corresponding height by 0.2mm, and reserving the laser cladding thickness; machining the bottom surface of the sliding bed platen, reserving a machining amount which is more than or equal to 0.1mm, and eliminating the thermal deformation of the sliding bed platen after laser cladding;
s2, surface pretreatment: oil and rust removal treatment is carried out on the upper surface of the sliding bed platen, so that the upper surface of the sliding bed platen is smooth and clean, no adsorbed impurities are ensured, and the smoothness is not less than 6.3;
s3, robot feeding: the method comprises the steps that a feeding robot (1) is adopted, an electromagnetic adsorption device I (1-1) arranged at the tail end of a manipulator of the feeding robot (1) is used for grabbing a sliding bed platen in an electromagnetic magnetic attraction mode, and the sliding bed platen is stacked to a designated position of a laser cladding workbench (2-1) of a laser cladding robot (2);
s4, robot laser cladding: a laser cladding robot (2) is adopted to carry out laser cladding processing on the in-place sliding bed platen, the processing range of laser cladding is larger than the size of the sliding bed platen, and the cladding thickness is larger than 0.5mm;
s5, robot blanking: the method comprises the steps that a blanking robot (3) is adopted, an electromagnetic adsorption device II (3-1) arranged at the tail end of a manipulator of the blanking robot (3) is adopted, a sliding bed platen after laser cladding is grabbed in an electromagnetic magnetic attraction mode, and the sliding bed platen is stacked to a designated position of a conveying device (4); the conveying device (4) conveys the sliding bed platen after laser cladding to a designated position of a next process;
s6, grinding: adopting a surface grinder to process the slide bed platen in place, and removing the reserved quantity which is reserved at the bottom surface of the slide bed platen and is more than or equal to 0.1 mm; grinding the upper surface of the sliding bed platen by taking the bottom surface of the sliding bed platen as a reference, controlling the roughness of the upper surface of the sliding bed platen to be less than 6.3 mu m, and enabling the thickness of a cladding layer on the upper surface of the sliding bed platen to be not less than 0.2mm;
s7, stacking and transferring: covering the upper surface of the sliding bed platen with pearl wool, protecting the upper surface of the sliding bed platen from damage, and transferring the protected sliding bed platen to a welding station;
s8, welding: removing covered pearl cotton, welding and fixedly connecting a sliding bed platen and a bottom plate into a whole, and performing weld penetration flaw detection treatment on a welded seam;
the step S4 includes the following steps:
s401, powder filling: filling mixed alloy powder into a powder feeder of a laser cladding robot (2);
s402, debugging and idle running checking: debugging a laser cladding robot (2), enabling the laser cladding robot (2) to run empty according to a program, and manually observing a cladding head shape-moving area, so that the cladding head shape-moving area completely covers a region to be clad of a sliding bed platen when the cladding head runs empty;
s403, starting: formally starting a laser cladding robot (2), wherein the cladding robot (2) controls a cladding head to carry out reciprocating laser cladding along the length or width direction of a sliding bed platen according to a program until the laser cladding is completed;
s404, continuous cladding operation: after blanking the sliding bed platen subjected to laser cladding, carrying out laser cladding on the sliding bed platen which is the same type and in place on the next sliding bed platen;
s405, suspending: after all the sliding bed tables on the workbench are subjected to laser cladding, the laser cladding robot (2) pauses working;
in step S404, a blanking robot (3) places a next slide bed platen to be clad to a designated position of a laser cladding workbench (2-1) according to a program in a gap for blanking the slide bed platen just completed with laser cladding, and the feeding and blanking time periods of the feeding robot (1) and the blanking robot (3) are equal and feed and blanking are synchronous;
in the step S7, the deep hardness of the sliding bed platen is more than or equal to 500HV, and the surface hardness is more than or equal to 600HV; the corrosion resistance requirements meet the following parameters: carrying out a 120-hour neutral salt spray test on a sliding bed platen, wherein NSS (non-standard sodium sulfonate) rating of the neutral salt spray test is not lower than nine national standard grades of GB/T6461; according to the requirements of national standard GB/T6396, the shearing strength of the binding force between the cladding layer and the substrate is more than or equal to 340Mpa; the friction coefficient is less than or equal to 0.2;
in step S8, the weld penetration flaw detection process includes the steps of:
s801, removing weld flash, welding slag, greasy dirt and rust on the surface of a welding line, and ensuring the surface of the welding line to be clean;
s802, spraying a purple penetrating agent, and covering the whole surface of the welding seam; staying for 8-12 minutes after spraying to ensure that the penetrating agent is still in a wet state before cleaning;
s803, spraying a colorless cleaning agent, and cleaning the penetrating agent on the whole surface of the welding seam;
s804, spraying a white developer, and covering the whole surface of the welding seam;
s805, visually observing the surface of the welding line under natural light, and observing whether purple linear defect marks or purple spot circular defect marks exist; and the defect trace meets the requirements of GB/T26953-2011 grade 2 of weld penetration detection acceptance rating of weld nondestructive detection: the length L of the linear defect is less than or equal to 4mm, and the diameter d of the circular defect is less than or equal to 6mm.
2. The method for antifriction and rust prevention of the surface of the turnout slide table plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the feeding robot (1) and the discharging robot (3) are respectively provided with an electromagnetic adsorption device I (1-1) and an electromagnetic adsorption device II (3-1), wherein the magnetic attraction force is more than or equal to 20kg; the magnetic attraction sizes of the electromagnetic attraction device I (1-1) and the electromagnetic attraction device II (3-1) are 95 mm-150 mm.
3. The method for antifriction and rust prevention of the surface of the turnout slide table plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the laser cladding robot (2) is provided with a laser and a powder feeder, and the laser and the powder feeder synchronously run and are connected with the cladding head into a whole.
4. A method for antifriction and rust prevention of a surface of a turnout slide table plate according to claim 1 or 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the cladding speed of the laser cladding robot (2) is at least 6 min/block.
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