CN1151098C - Preparation of multi-element calcium fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a preparation method of multi-element calcium fertilizers. The present invention is formed by the mixing preparation of 63 to 70% of calcium acetate leaching liquor, 14 to 18% of seaweed water decoction liquid, 8 to 12% of seaweed acetate decoction liquid, 6 to 8% of brown sugar, 1% of zinc sulfate and 1% of ferrous sulfate. The prepared multi-element calcium fertilizer can effectively provides nutrient elements, such as calcium, iron, zinc, manganese, etc., and partial organic nutrition for crops so as to increase crop output, improve fruit quality and improve the calcium content, the iron content, the sugar content and the staining degree of the fruit, and the multi-element calcium fertilizer effectively solve the problems of low calcium content, low sugar content and low quality of the fruit after covered by bags. The multi-element calcium fertilizer also has the advantages of convenient raw material source, low cost, easy preparation and easy popularization.

Description

The preparation method of multi-element calcium fertilizer

The invention belongs to organic calcium fertilizer, especially multi-element calcium fertilizer preparation method's improvement.

Calcium is one of the abundantest element of content in the human body, arranges the 5th in the human body major element, accounts for the 1.5-2.0% of human body body weight, mainly exists with the calcium phosphate powder form, is supporting the whole machine body structure in the growth and development process of life from start to finish.Calcium is an exogenous material to human body.Human body itself can not produce calcium, can only absorb from diet, because the difference and the absorbefacient difference of foodstuff texture cause human calcium deficiency in various degree.At Chinese main food owing to people is cereal, and calcium contents is very low in the cereal, so compatriots' calcium deficiency phenomenon is very general, the calcium deficiency degree is serious.According to investigations, China per capita a day calcium deficiency amount reach 250mg-350mg.Normal people every day that Chinese Soclety of Nutrition is recommended, the psychological need amount to calcium was 800mg-1200mg, and pregnant woman 1500mg-2000mg every day, normal conditions servant take in from food and had only 150mg-200mg by the calcium of the actual utilization of body.People adopt variety of way to replenish the calcium for preventing calcium deficiency, and the best approach of replenishing the calcium often is the edible more food of calcic.

Calcium is one of the most difficult mobile element in the plant materials.When throughput direction behind the root absorption calcium ion be basically by xylem with moisture upward to tender tissue in, combine the insoluble calcium pectinate of formation with cell walls pectin, calcium form with calcium pectinate in making object exists, and is the moiety of cell walls mesogloea.The original pair cell wall of pectic acid has destruction, calcium with not only eliminated its destruction after pectic acid combines, also kept the stability of cell.Calcium mainly concentrates on vegetative organ or than in the old tissue in making object, in case just seldom or no longer redistribute utilization after being fixed on old tissue, can not be to younger tender organ, moving than old tissue, therefore, when calcium deficiency, plant always at first symptom occurs at eugonic neologisms such as new root, young leaves, terminal bud, fruits.The crop calcium deficiency, growth stops, plant is short and small, and performance is prematurely senile, spire curls and fragile, and the leaf jaundice is downright bad gradually, and root is short and small, stem and tip of a root meristematic cell rots gradually, shaky or solid phenomenon such as bad often appears in reproductive organ.

The calcium nutritional status of crop depends on the effective supply ability of soil calcium and the crop absorption running ability to calcium.The calcium nutrition of crop not only is subjected to the influence of calcium ion itself, and also being subjected to other ion pair calcium is interactional influences.The calcium that crop absorbs in the soil solution is the passive process that influenced by calcium concn.Calcium and NH ₄ ⁺, H ⁺, Na ⁺, Al ³⁺Between have antagonism relation, these ions can be avoided or alleviate to the existence of calcium too much to Toxicity in Crops, can suppress crop during high calcium to B ³⁺And Mg ²⁺Absorption; On the soil of low boron, calcium has increased the weight of the boron deficiency symptom of crop, and under high boron situation, increases the murder by poisoning that calcium concn can obviously reduce boron.Crop reduces the absorption of nitrogen, potassium when calcium deficiency, especially with N0 ₃Difficulty takes place in the absorption of-N and utilization; When not executing nitrogen, calcium is to the help effect that is absorbed with of phosphorus, and amount of nitrogen is when high, and calcium then is absorbed with the help effect to potassium, iron.K ⁺, Mn ²⁺, Mg ²⁺, Al ³⁺Deng to Ca ²⁺Absorption the competition effect is all arranged.Work as K ⁺Not only influence Ca when concentration is high ²⁺Absorption, also influence it in the intravital transportation of plant; Mg concentration influences Ca when improving ²⁺Absorption, Al ³⁺Existence reduce the absorption of plant to calcium; H ⁺The absorption that too much also influences calcium, mainly be that the positive changes on root surface is reduced, cytolemma is rotten and reduce Ca ²⁺Absorption.Work as Ca ²⁺With Mg ², Sr ²⁺, Ra ²⁺, Al ³⁺, Ba ²⁺, K ⁺, Na ⁺, NH4 ⁺, H ⁺During coexistence, these ions help the absorption of calcium, the absorption that all can suppress during high density when lower concentration.

Crop just absorbs calcium at beginning period of growth, still continue to absorb after heading, but the amount that is moved to fringe portion by cauline leaf is seldom, and major part is accumulated in the cauline leaf, the calcium of the post-absorption of earing exactly, and accumulation volume is also higher in cauline leaf.The crop species difference is also different to the absorbed dose of calcium, and the quantity that general leguminous crop absorbs calcium is more, and the gramineous crop absorbed dose is less, and crop is to the absorption of calcium, mainly enters with the form of ion (calcium) and does in the object.China is using the calcic material to make fertilizer very early.Liming can not only replenish the nutrition of soil calcium, satisfies the needs of crop to calcium, and can also regulate P in soil H, promotes the beneficial microorganism activity, thereby quickens the release of organic decomposition and nutrient.

Decision calcium has the soil factor of plant availability: the quantity that replacement property calcium exists; The saturation ratio of replacement complex body; The type of soil colloid; Followed ionic character by what clay adsorbed.The whereabouts of calcium has following several possibility, loses in draining; By bio-absorbable; Be adsorbed on around the clay particle, be precipitated as secondary calcium cpd once more.

What study at most on the problem of gardening plant calcium deficiency is apple.Before apple is bloomed, reach foliage-spray calcium in summer, pluck back dipping calcium (situation of rotting when reducing storage).Generalized case is that to spray calcium chloride, lime carbonate, nitrocalcite effect before blooming little, begins to spray weekly 0.6% calcareous fertilisers in mid-July in summer, can improve the calcium in the fruit, and obviously reduces and rot.In recent years, in order to improve fruit quality and commercialization level, relevant department widelys popularize excellent fruit cultivation technique.A major measure in this technology is to promote the fruit bagging technology.Bagging is prevention and elimination of disease and pests effectively, solves problems such as the fruit face is unclean, pesticide residue exceed standard; But the sugar content of fruit reduces behind the bagging, mouthfeel is poor, and soluble solid content reduces 1-3 percentage point than naked fruit; Calcium content reduces behind the bagging, has caused the diseases such as bitter pit that calcium deficiency is brought, and the problem of canker and storage endurance reduction easily takes place at storage period fruit.On producing, there are nitrocalcite and calcium chloride to use at present, but, can not fundamentally solve the calcium deficiency problem, and cause other trace element deficiency, cause degradation problem under the fruit quality because replenish the calcium because of the plant absorbing utilization ratio is low.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of multi-element calcium fertilizer, prepared calcareous fertilisers are easy to by plant absorbing, satisfy plant to the calcium demand in, also satisfy trace elements absorbed such as iron, zinc, manganese, increase the content of nutritive element in the fruit, the agricultural-food of the element that more is easy to supplement the nutrients are provided for the mankind.And require the present invention to have the advantage that raw material sources are convenient, with low cost, make simply, be easy to promote the use of.

The multi-element calcium fertilizer preparation method's that the present invention proposes technical scheme is to realize in the following manner.Prepared multi-element calcium fertilizer is made up of calcareous fertilisers preparation and micro-additive; The composition of calcareous fertilisers preparation is by weight percentage: organic calcium extracting solution 63-70%, marine alga decocting liquid 14-18%, marine alga vinegar decocting liquid 8-12%, brown sugar 6-8%; Wherein to be unslaked lime and edible vinegar soak supernatant liquor more than 42 hours by 1: 5 weight ratio with the organic calcium extracting solution, marine alga decocting liquid is the water boiling and extraction liquid of marine alga content 30-35%, marine alga vinegar decocting liquid is that the edible vinegar of marine alga filter residue behind the decocting decocts extracting solution, and concentration is marine alga content 45-55%; 0.8-1.2% zinc sulfate and 0.8-1.2% ferrous sulfate that wherein micro-additive is pressed calcareous fertilisers preparation liquid weight add, and promptly become multi-element calcium fertilizer.Characteristics of the present invention also are, can give to add an amount of suspension agent in the multi-element calcium fertilizer; As wilkinite, clay.

Can use after 24 hours by the multi-element calcium fertilizer placement that requirement of the present invention prepares, using method is to adopt the foliage-spray method in fruit expanding period, food crop boot stages, vegetable growth phase, spray 2-3 time, each 7-10 day at interval, greengrocery sprays for the last time and should should convert hundred times in water when spraying harvesting preceding ten days.

The prepared multi-element calcium fertilizer of the present invention is to be matrix with the organic acid, through reacting the calcium of organic acid class material that forms with calcium oxide, organic nutrient substance, this product provides nutritive element and part organotrophies such as calcium, iron, zinc, manganese can for plant effectively, improve the utilising efficiency of crop, improved the fruit quality nutritive element.Prove through potted plant, field experiment and demonstration, be easy to by plant absorbing after spraying, increase fruit output about 15%, increase food crop output 10-25%, greengrocery output is multiplied; The fruit calcium content improves 40-120%, and iron level doubles in the fruit, and the apple degree of staining increases 5-10%, and sugar degree increases 1-3 percentage point, solved calcic behind the fruit bagging effectively, sugar degree reduces and quality under the degradation problem.

Technical solution of the present invention can also realize by following mode.

Described calcareous fertilisers preparation also can be formed by following weight percent: organic calcium extracting solution 65-68%, marine alga decocting liquid 15-17%, marine alga vinegar decocting liquid 9-11%, brown sugar 7-8%.Described unslaked lime is preferably calcium lime powder; Though the weight ratio of unslaked lime and edible vinegar fixes on 1: 5, in industrial production, be difficult to accurately on a certain value sometimes; So the present invention allows 5% difference amplitude; The immersion of unslaked lime in edible vinegar is a reaction process, and the time, long more reaction was thorough more, and for the shortening cycle can be limited to soak time 42-50 hour, this does not comprise filtration and settling time.Owing to decoct the mode difference of extracting (as open and closed), though solvent load with decoct extraction time the same (the present invention adopted common decocting for Chinese herbal medicine extraction time 20-30 minute), but the extracting solution that obtains differs greatly, so the aforementioned concentration that will decoct extracting solution recently defines (this is the method for expressing that traditional Chinese medicine extraction is used always) with the percentage of interior contained extract (doing) weight of resulting decoction extracting solution; The water boiling and extraction liquid of marine alga content 30-35% as the aforementioned, be meant that the water boiling and extraction liquid that obtains is that marine alga with its 30-35% (weight) obtains through water boiling and extraction, and the vinegar of marine alga filter residue decoction extract concentration is the 45-55% of marine alga content behind the decocting, be meant that it is that the marine alga filter residue after decocting boils with its 45-55% (weight) decocts extraction by vinegar again and obtains also available certainly fraction representation that the vinegar that obtains decocts extracting solution.The marine alga optimum concn that described marine alga decocting boils is 1/3 (weight ratio), and the marine alga optimum concn of marine alga vinegar decocting liquid is 1/2 (weight ratio).The suitable add-on of described zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate is respectively 1% of calcareous fertilisers preparation liquid weight.

Below describe concrete preparation method of the present invention in detail with embodiment.

Example 1 1. preparing quick lime powder 20Kg is inserted in the edible vinegar of 102Kg and was soaked 44 hours, stirs therebetween three times, earlier with filtered through gauze clarification naturally again, obtains the supernatant liquor of 66Kg, is the organic calcium extracting solution; 2. get the water that the 5Kg marine alga adds 10 times, open decoction 30 minutes obtains the water boiling and extraction liquid of 16.5Kg after the filtration; Filter residue is inserted in the 10Kg edible vinegar closed reflux decocted 30 minutes, the vinegar that obtains 10Kg after the filtration decocts extracting solution, and decocting liquid and vinegar decocting liquid are mixed, and adds the brown sugar stirring and dissolving of 7.5Kg again, is 34Kg; 3. the calcium extracting solution with 66Kg mixes with the decoction extracting solution of 34Kg, is the calcareous fertilisers preparation of 100Kg, adds zinc sulfate 1Kg and ferrous sulfate 1Kg again, and stirring and dissolving promptly becomes multi-element calcium fertilizer, places and can use after 24 hours.

Example 2. 1. preparing quick lime powder 40Kg is inserted in the edible vinegar of 198Kg and was soaked 48 hours, stirs after-filtration and clarification, and it is standby to get supernatant liquor; 2. get the 10Kg marine alga and add 9 times of open decoctions of water 25 minutes, obtain 30.5Kg filtrate after the filtration; Filter residue with the open decoction of edible vinegar of 31Kg 20 minutes, is obtained 20Kg filtrate after the filtration; 3. get 64Kg organic calcium extracting solution, 18Kg decocting filtrate, 11Kg vinegar and fry in shallow oil filtrate, 7Kg brown sugar, 1Kg zinc sulfate, the abundant stirring and dissolving of 1Kg ferrous sulfate, promptly become multi-element calcium fertilizer, for preventing to put the wilkinite stirring and dissolving that precipitation can add 3Kg for a long time.

Research of the present invention and test have obtained the support and the subsidy of Chinese Academy of Sciences's research soil and water conservation institute loess plateau soil erosion and dry farming National Key Laboratory.

Claims (5)

1. the preparation method of a multi-element calcium fertilizer is characterized in that: be made up of calcareous fertilisers preparation and micro-additive; The composition of calcareous fertilisers preparation is by weight percentage: organic calcium extracting solution 63-70%, marine alga decocting liquid 14-18%, marine alga vinegar decocting liquid 8-12%, brown sugar 6-8%; Wherein to be unslaked lime and edible vinegar soak supernatant liquor more than 42 hours by 1: 5 weight ratio with the organic calcium extracting solution, marine alga decocting liquid is the water boiling and extraction liquid of marine alga content 30-35%, marine alga vinegar decocting liquid is that the edible vinegar of marine alga filter residue behind the decocting decocts extracting solution, and concentration is marine alga content 45-55%; Wherein micro-additive and add-on thereof are the 0.8-1.2% zinc sulfate and the 0.8-1.2% ferrous sulfate of calcareous fertilisers preparation liquid weight.

2. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described calcareous fertilisers preparation is formed by following weight percent: organic calcium extracting solution 65-68%, marine alga decocting liquid 15-17%, marine alga vinegar decocting liquid 9-11%, brown sugar 7-8%

3. preparation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the marine alga concentration that described marine alga decocting boils is 1/3 (weight ratio), and the marine alga concentration of marine alga vinegar decocting liquid is 1/2 (weight ratio)

4. preparation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the add-on of described zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate is respectively 1% of calcareous fertilisers preparation liquid weight.

5. according to any preparation method among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: in multi-element calcium fertilizer, be added with suspension agent.