CN115106034B - Visual micro-reactor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- FNCIDSNKNZQJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;terbium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Tb] FNCIDSNKNZQJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于微流控技术领域，尤其涉及一种可视化微反应器及其制备方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of microfluidics, and in particular relates to a visualized microreactor and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
微反应器体积小、通道比表面积大，可有效强化传质与传热效率，大大缩短反应时间；反应物用量少，大大降低实验成本以及危险性。但是通常微反应器的基体不透明，目前微反应器主要是采用石英玻璃或透明有机物作为透明盖板，实现表面可视化，微反应器使用过程中无法全方位多角度进行观测。同时有机物盖板不耐高温，石英玻璃盖板的抗化学腐蚀性能较差。Microreactors are small in size and have large channel specific surface area, which can effectively enhance mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency and greatly shorten reaction time. They use less reactants, which greatly reduces experimental costs and risks. However, the substrate of microreactors is usually opaque. Currently, microreactors mainly use quartz glass or transparent organic matter as transparent covers to achieve surface visualization. Microreactors cannot be observed from all angles during use. At the same time, organic covers are not resistant to high temperatures, and quartz glass covers have poor chemical corrosion resistance.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明目的在于提供一种可视化微反应器及其制备方法,以解决上述的技术问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a visual microreactor and a preparation method thereof to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的一种可视化微反应器及其制备方法的具体技术方案如下：In order to solve the above technical problems, the specific technical solutions of a visual microreactor and a preparation method thereof of the present invention are as follows:
一种可视化微反应器，包括基体，基体内具有微通道，基体上具有流体入口和流体出口，微通道与流体入口和流体出口相连，流体通过流体入口进入微通道，通过流体出口流出，所述基体由透明陶瓷材料制成，所述微反应器包括激光加热系统，所述激光加热系统包括激光器，所述基体不吸收可见光与近红外光，所述激光器发射激光直接作用在微通道上的激光加热位点对微反应器的特定位置的流体进行加热。A visualized microreactor comprises a substrate, a microchannel is arranged in the substrate, a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet are arranged on the substrate, the microchannel is connected with the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, the fluid enters the microchannel through the fluid inlet and flows out through the fluid outlet, the substrate is made of a transparent ceramic material, the microreactor comprises a laser heating system, the laser heating system comprises a laser, the substrate does not absorb visible light and near-infrared light, and the laser emits laser light to directly act on the laser heating site on the microchannel to heat the fluid at a specific position of the microreactor.
进一步的，所述透明陶瓷材料为钇铝石榴石、钇镓石榴石、铽铝石榴石、铽镓石榴石、镁铝尖晶石、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化镓陶瓷中的一种或两种。Furthermore, the transparent ceramic material is one or two of yttrium aluminum garnet, yttrium gallium garnet, terbium aluminum garnet, terbium gallium garnet, magnesium aluminum spinel, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, and gallium oxide ceramics.
进一步的，所述激光器位置可调，可对微反应器中微通道的不同位置进行加热。Furthermore, the position of the laser is adjustable, and different positions of the microchannel in the microreactor can be heated.
进一步的，所述微反应器在可见光区与近红外光区的透过率为60%以上，可承受温度范围为-40℃—1500℃。Furthermore, the microreactor has a transmittance of more than 60% in the visible light region and the near-infrared light region, and can withstand a temperature range of -40°C to 1500°C.
进一步的，所述微反应器可应用于高温高压条件下的纳米材料合成。Furthermore, the microreactor can be applied to the synthesis of nanomaterials under high temperature and high pressure conditions.
本发明还公开了一种可视化微反应器的制备方法，包括如下步骤：The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a visualized microreactor, comprising the following steps:
步骤1：采用透明陶瓷材料作为可视化微反应器的基体材料，其在可见光与近红外光区的透过率为60%以上，透明陶瓷采用1700-1800摄氏度的高温烧制；Step 1: Use transparent ceramic material as the base material of the visualization microreactor, whose transmittance in the visible light and near-infrared light region is more than 60%, and the transparent ceramic is fired at a high temperature of 1700-1800 degrees Celsius;
步骤2：在陶瓷烧制前的成型过程中，陶瓷粉体中预埋微通道模板，再对陶瓷粉体进行加压成型；Step 2: In the molding process before firing the ceramic, a microchannel template is embedded in the ceramic powder, and then the ceramic powder is pressurized and molded;
步骤3：通过预烧去除微通道模板，使陶瓷素坯中形成微通道结构；Step 3: removing the microchannel template by pre-firing, so that a microchannel structure is formed in the ceramic green body;
步骤4：烧结陶瓷素坯形成透明陶瓷微反应器基体材料；Step 4: sintering the ceramic green body to form a transparent ceramic microreactor matrix material;
步骤5：将烧制好的透明陶瓷进行表面抛光处理，并通过微通道抛光技术对透明陶瓷内部微通道进行抛光处理。Step 5: Polish the surface of the fired transparent ceramic and polish the internal microchannels of the transparent ceramic using microchannel polishing technology.
进一步地，包括步骤6：通过微通道内可控流体的反应沉积，对微通道微反应器的内表面进行亲水亲油性能的改性。Furthermore, the method comprises step 6: modifying the hydrophilic and lipophilic properties of the inner surface of the microchannel microreactor by reactive deposition of a controllable fluid in the microchannel.
进一步地，使用完微反应器后将微反应器浸置在酸、碱或丙酮中，进行超声清洗，去除微通道内壁附着物，而后用去离子水进行冲洗，烘干后完成微反应器的回收。Furthermore, after using the microreactor, the microreactor is immersed in acid, alkali or acetone, and ultrasonically cleaned to remove the attachments on the inner wall of the microchannel, and then rinsed with deionized water, and dried to complete the recovery of the microreactor.
本发明的一种可视化微反应器及其制备方法具有以下优点：A visual microreactor and a preparation method thereof of the present invention have the following advantages:
1）本发明的可视化微反应器，采用透明陶瓷作为基体材料，且透明陶瓷表面进行抛光，其在可见光区以及近红外光区的透过率超过60%，可从任意角度全方位观察反应物的合成过程。1) The visualized microreactor of the present invention uses transparent ceramic as the base material, and the surface of the transparent ceramic is polished. Its transmittance in the visible light region and the near-infrared light region exceeds 60%, and the synthesis process of the reactants can be observed from any angle.
2）透明陶瓷内部的微通道结构采用一体化成型制备，微通道内壁依据应用需求加工成亲水或亲油结构，所制备的微反应器耐酸碱腐蚀且可承受温度范围为-40℃—1500℃。2) The microchannel structure inside the transparent ceramic is prepared by integrated molding, and the inner wall of the microchannel is processed into a hydrophilic or lipophilic structure according to application requirements. The prepared microreactor is resistant to acid and alkali corrosion and can withstand a temperature range of -40℃—1500℃.
3）本发明的可视化微反应器搭载激光加热系统，可以实现对于微反应器特定位置的流体进行精准加热，且可实现瞬时升温。本发明可以应用于高温高压条件下的纳米材料合成。3) The visualized microreactor of the present invention is equipped with a laser heating system, which can achieve precise heating of the fluid at a specific position of the microreactor and can achieve instantaneous temperature rise. The present invention can be applied to the synthesis of nanomaterials under high temperature and high pressure conditions.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明的可视化微反应器结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a visualized microreactor of the present invention;
图中标记说明：11、流体入口；12、透明陶瓷基体；13、微通道；14、流体出口；15、激光器；16、激光加热位点；17、激光。Explanation of the markings in the figure: 11, fluid inlet; 12, transparent ceramic substrate; 13, microchannel; 14, fluid outlet; 15, laser; 16, laser heating site; 17, laser.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了更好地了解本发明的目的、结构及功能，下面结合附图，对本发明一种可视化微反应器及其制备方法做进一步详细的描述。In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, a visual microreactor and a preparation method thereof of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明的一种可视化微反应器，包括基体12，基体12由透明陶瓷材料制成，透明陶瓷材料为钇铝石榴石、钇镓石榴石、铽铝石榴石、铽镓石榴石、镁铝尖晶石、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化镓等陶瓷中的一种或两种。基体12内具有微通道13，基体12上具有流体入口11和流体出口14，微通道13与流体入口11和流体出口14相连，流体通过流体入口11进入微通道13，通过流体出口14流出。本发明的可视化微反应器搭载激光加热系统，激光加热系统包括激光器15，透明陶瓷基体不吸收可见光与近红外光，激光器15发射激光17直接作用在微通道13上的激光加热位点16对微反应器特定位置的流体进行精准加热，实现瞬间升温。激光器15位置可调，可实现对于微反应器中的微通道13的不同位置进行加热。本发明的可视化微反应器整体为透明，可从任意角度全方位观察反应物的合成过程。且透明陶瓷基体具有高的热导率以及抗热冲击性能，耐酸碱腐蚀，耐冷热循环，可承受温度范围为-40℃—1500℃。可应用于高温高压条件下的纳米材料合成，微反应器在制备纳米材料时可采用超声振动，防止纳米材料黏附在微反应器通道上，堵塞反应通道。使用完可通过酸碱或丙酮浸泡与超声清洗以及高温灼烧等方法进行回收清洁与再利用。As shown in FIG1 , a visualization microreactor of the present invention comprises a substrate 12, which is made of a transparent ceramic material, and the transparent ceramic material is one or two of ceramics such as yttrium aluminum garnet, yttrium gallium garnet, terbium aluminum garnet, terbium gallium garnet, magnesium aluminum spinel, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, and gallium oxide. A microchannel 13 is provided in the substrate 12, and a fluid inlet 11 and a fluid outlet 14 are provided on the substrate 12. The microchannel 13 is connected to the fluid inlet 11 and the fluid outlet 14. The fluid enters the microchannel 13 through the fluid inlet 11 and flows out through the fluid outlet 14. The visualization microreactor of the present invention is equipped with a laser heating system, which includes a laser 15. The transparent ceramic substrate does not absorb visible light and near-infrared light. The laser 15 emits a laser 17 to directly act on the laser heating site 16 on the microchannel 13 to accurately heat the fluid at a specific position of the microreactor, thereby achieving instantaneous heating. The position of the laser 15 is adjustable, and heating of different positions of the microchannel 13 in the microreactor can be achieved. The visualization microreactor of the present invention is transparent as a whole, and the synthesis process of the reactants can be observed from any angle. The transparent ceramic matrix has high thermal conductivity and thermal shock resistance, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, cold and hot cycle resistance, and can withstand a temperature range of -40°C to 1500°C. It can be applied to the synthesis of nanomaterials under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The microreactor can use ultrasonic vibration when preparing nanomaterials to prevent nanomaterials from adhering to the microreactor channel and blocking the reaction channel. After use, it can be recycled, cleaned and reused by acid, alkali or acetone soaking, ultrasonic cleaning and high temperature burning.
下面通过实施例描述本发明的可视化微反应器的制备方法。The preparation method of the visual microreactor of the present invention is described below by way of examples.
实施例1：Embodiment 1:
步骤1：采用钇铝石榴石作为可视化微反应器的基体材料，其在可见光与近红外光区的透过率为80%，钇铝石榴石透明陶瓷采用1700-1800摄氏度的高温固相反应烧制。Step 1: Use yttrium aluminum garnet as the base material of the visualization microreactor. Its transmittance in the visible light and near-infrared light region is 80%. Yttrium aluminum garnet transparent ceramic is fired by high temperature solid phase reaction at 1700-1800 degrees Celsius.
步骤2：在陶瓷烧制前的成型过程中，陶瓷粉体中预埋微通道模板，再对陶瓷粉体进行加压成型。Step 2: During the molding process before firing the ceramic, a microchannel template is embedded in the ceramic powder, and then the ceramic powder is pressurized and molded.
步骤3：通过预烧去除微通道模板，使陶瓷素坯中形成微通道结构。Step 3: The microchannel template is removed by pre-firing to form a microchannel structure in the ceramic green body.
步骤4：烧结陶瓷素坯形成透明陶瓷微反应器基体材料。Step 4: Sintering the ceramic green body to form a transparent ceramic microreactor matrix material.
步骤5：将烧制好的透明陶瓷进行表面抛光处理，并通过微通道抛光技术对透明陶瓷内部微通道进行抛光处理。Step 5: Polish the surface of the fired transparent ceramic and polish the internal microchannels of the transparent ceramic using microchannel polishing technology.
使用时，搭载1064nm的5W半导体激光器，对透明陶瓷微反应器中的流体进行加热处理。When in use, it is equipped with a 1064nm 5W semiconductor laser to heat the fluid in the transparent ceramic microreactor.
实施例2：Embodiment 2:
步骤1：采用钇铝石榴石以及铽铝石榴石复合材料作为可视化微反应器的基体材料，其在可见光与近红外光区的透过率为60%，钇铝石榴石以及铽铝石榴石复合材料透明陶瓷采用1700-1800摄氏度的高温固相反应烧制。Step 1: Use yttrium aluminum garnet and terbium aluminum garnet composite materials as the matrix material of the visualization microreactor, whose transmittance in the visible light and near-infrared light region is 60%. The yttrium aluminum garnet and terbium aluminum garnet composite transparent ceramics are fired by high temperature solid phase reaction at 1700-1800 degrees Celsius.
步骤2：在陶瓷烧制前的成型过程中，陶瓷粉体中预埋微通道模板，再对陶瓷粉体进行加压成型。Step 2: During the molding process before firing the ceramic, a microchannel template is embedded in the ceramic powder, and then the ceramic powder is pressurized and molded.
步骤3：通过预烧去除微通道模板，使陶瓷素坯中形成微通道结构。Step 3: The microchannel template is removed by pre-firing to form a microchannel structure in the ceramic green body.
步骤4：烧结陶瓷素坯形成透明陶瓷微反应器基体材料。Step 4: Sintering the ceramic green body to form a transparent ceramic microreactor matrix material.
步骤5：将烧制好的透明陶瓷进行表面抛光处理，并通过微通道抛光技术对透明陶瓷内部微通道进行抛光处理。Step 5: Polish the surface of the fired transparent ceramic and polish the internal microchannels of the transparent ceramic using microchannel polishing technology.
步骤6：通过微通道内可控流体的反应沉积，对微通道微反应器的内表面进行亲水亲油性能的改性。Step 6: The inner surface of the microchannel microreactor is modified to have hydrophilic and lipophilic properties through reactive deposition of controllable fluid in the microchannel.
使用时，搭载450nm的3W蓝光半导体激光器，对透明陶瓷微反应器中的流体进行加热处理。When in use, it is equipped with a 450nm 3W blue light semiconductor laser to heat the fluid in the transparent ceramic microreactor.
实施例3：Embodiment 3:
步骤1：采用氧化铝作为可视化微反应器的基体材料，其在可见光与近红外光区的透过率为60%，氧化铝透明陶瓷采用1700-1800摄氏度高温真空烧制。Step 1: Alumina is used as the base material of the visualization microreactor. Its transmittance in the visible light and near-infrared light region is 60%. Alumina transparent ceramics are fired at a high temperature of 1700-1800 degrees Celsius in a vacuum.
步骤2：在陶瓷烧制前的成型过程中，陶瓷粉体中预埋微通道模板，再对陶瓷粉体进行加压成型。Step 2: During the molding process before firing the ceramic, a microchannel template is embedded in the ceramic powder, and then the ceramic powder is pressurized and molded.
步骤3：通过预烧去除微通道模板，使陶瓷素坯中形成微通道结构。Step 3: The microchannel template is removed by pre-firing to form a microchannel structure in the ceramic green body.
步骤4：烧结陶瓷素坯形成透明陶瓷微反应器基体材料。Step 4: Sintering the ceramic green body to form a transparent ceramic microreactor matrix material.
步骤5：将烧制好的透明陶瓷进行表面抛光处理，并通过微通道抛光技术对透明陶瓷内部微通道进行抛光处理。Step 5: Polish the surface of the fired transparent ceramic and polish the internal microchannels of the transparent ceramic using microchannel polishing technology.
使用时，通过微通道内可控流体的反应制备纳米材料，制备结束后，将氧化铝微反应器浸置在酸、碱或丙酮中，进行超声清洗，去除微通道内壁附着物，而后用去离子水进行冲洗，烘干后完成微反应器的回收。When in use, nanomaterials are prepared by the reaction of controllable fluids in the microchannel. After the preparation, the alumina microreactor is immersed in acid, alkali or acetone for ultrasonic cleaning to remove the attachments on the inner wall of the microchannel, and then rinsed with deionized water and dried to complete the recovery of the microreactor.
可以理解，本发明是通过一些实施例进行描述的，本领域技术人员知悉的，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等效替换。另外，在本发明的教导下，可以对这些特征和实施例进行修改以适应具体的情况及材料而不会脱离本发明的精神和范围。因此，本发明不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制，所有落入本申请的权利要求范围内的实施例都属于本发明所保护的范围内。It is to be understood that the present invention is described by some embodiments, and it is known to those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
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