CN115089635A - 一种富含植物甾醇且具有降血糖和降血胆固醇功效的陈皮油 - Google Patents
一种富含植物甾醇且具有降血糖和降血胆固醇功效的陈皮油 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115089635A CN115089635A CN202210775303.5A CN202210775303A CN115089635A CN 115089635 A CN115089635 A CN 115089635A CN 202210775303 A CN202210775303 A CN 202210775303A CN 115089635 A CN115089635 A CN 115089635A
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Abstract
本发明属于天然药物技术领域,具体涉及一种富含植物甾醇且具有降血糖和降血胆固醇功效的陈皮油。为寻找一种健康无害的天然活性产品替代以上药物来降低血糖及血液胆固醇的水平,本发明利用石油醚从陈皮中提取陈皮油,经研究发现,陈皮油富含多种对胆固醇代谢具有改善效果的功能成分,包括植物甾醇、黄酮、多酚、不饱和脂肪酸等,并对血糖和血清胆固醇具有改善效果,为饮食干预高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病防治提供重要的科学依据。同时,本发明的陈皮油属于天然药物,无毒副作用,使心血管疾病患者在正常饮食的情况下,自觉地维护血糖稳定,获得糖尿病的非药物治疗效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然药物技术领域,具体涉及一种富含植物甾醇且具有降血糖和降血胆固醇功效的陈皮油。
背景技术
近年来,随着社会经济的发展,国民生活方式的变化,尤其是人口老龄化及城镇化进程的加速,居民的不健康生活方式日益突出。其中,心血管危险因素对居民健康的影响越加显著,心血管病的发病率仍持续增高。心脑血管疾病死亡占城乡居民总死亡原因的首位,且成年居民的血糖血脂异常患病率也在逐年增加,其主要类型向高血糖高胆固醇血症发展。这不仅会对个人健康造成影响,更会对国家的经济发展造成极大的负担。高血糖高血脂是现代人出现频率最高的疾病之一,很多糖尿病人都伴有高脂血症,因此人们通常把糖尿病与高脂血症称为姐妹病,并认为高血脂是糖尿病的继发症。
高胆固醇血症是诱导心血管疾病的重要危险因素。高胆固醇血症指的是血液中的总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)与非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)水平过高;或高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平过低。在临床上,将TC>220mg/dl确诊为高胆固醇血症,当LDL-C>130mg/dl时建议使用药物干预。这种由胆固醇代谢紊乱引起的高胆固醇血症,传统的治疗是使用他汀类、胆消胺和依泽替米贝等药物进行干预。这些药物能通过抑制胆固醇的合成、吸收、外排、代谢等过程从而降低血液中的胆固醇水平目前,目前临床用于降血糖的药物主要有促胰岛素分泌剂、α-糖苷酶抑制剂,胰岛素增敏剂、胰岛素及其类似药物。然而长期使用以上药物会导致严重的副作用,如肌肉损伤(比如肌痛、肌溶解、肌炎)、骨质疏松、肝损伤、抑郁症等。因此,寻找一种健康无害的天然活性产品替代以上药物来降低血糖及血液胆固醇的水平,已经成为了当下研究的热点。
有研究发现,许多天然油脂对于调节血糖代谢、胆固醇代谢、改善胆固醇水平具有一定的作用。这些油脂来源于天然植物,与传统降胆固醇药物相比,更安全、健康。因此,发掘纯天然,且具有降血糖降血胆固醇功效的天然功能性植物油脂,具有重大的社会意义和经济价值。陈皮为芸香科柑橘的成熟干燥果皮,一般陈放时间越久其品质越好,国内陈皮以广东新会陈皮最优。陈皮具有健脾理气、抗炎、抗菌等丰富的健康功效。如果能从陈皮中提取具有降血糖和降血胆固醇功效的陈皮油,将有利于极大地促进陈皮的利用价值。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种富含植物甾醇且具有降血糖和降血胆固醇功效的陈皮油,为饮食干预高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病防治提供重要的科学依据。
为实现上述目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
本发明提供了陈皮油在制备防治和/或治疗心血管疾病的产品中的应用,所述陈皮油的制备方法为:利用石油醚对陈皮粉浸提24-36小时,收集提取液后浓缩即得。
优选地,所述心血管疾病包括但不限于高胆固醇血症和高血糖症。
优选地,本发明对所述产品的类型没有任何限制,所述产品包括但不限于药物、功能性食品和保健品。
优选地,所述陈皮粉与石油醚的料液比为1g:7-15mL,所述石油醚的沸程为30-60℃。更优选地,所述陈皮粉与石油醚的料液比为1g:10mL。
优选地,利用石油醚至少对陈皮粉浸提两次。
优选地,所述陈皮粉的粒径为30-50目。更优选地,所述陈皮粉的粒径为40目。
优选地,所述浓缩采用旋转蒸发仪进行,浓缩的水温为45-55℃,转速130-200r/min。
本发明提供了一种用于防治和/或治疗心血管疾病的产品,所述产品以陈皮油作为主要活性成分。
本发明提供了一种用于防治和/或治疗心血管疾病的产品,所述产品以陈皮油和丙酮酸钙的联合作为主要活性成分。
陈皮油和丙酮酸钙联用具有协同降血糖和降血胆固醇的效果,为饮食干预高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病防治提供了新的思路。
优选地,一种用于防治和/或治疗心血管疾病的产品,所述陈皮油和丙酮酸钙的质量比为1:1。
优选地,所述产品包括但不限于药物、保健品和功能性食品。
当所述产品为药物或保健品时,为提高产品的适用范围,还包括药学上可接受的载体和/或辅料,如酸味剂、调色剂、香味剂、甜味剂,或其组合。且所述产品的剂型包括但不限于口服液、冲剂、胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、膏剂和注射剂。
当所述产品为功能性食品时,为提高功能性食品的适用范围,还包括食品上可接受的载体和/或辅料,如稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、甜味剂、香味剂,或其组合。且所述功能性食品的形式包括但不限于汤剂、饮料、糖果、口服液、胶囊剂、片剂和粉剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明利用石油醚从陈皮中提取陈皮油,经研究发现,陈皮油富含多种对胆固醇代谢具有改善效果的功能成分,包括植物甾醇、黄酮、多酚、不饱和脂肪酸等,并对血糖和血清胆固醇具有改善效果,为饮食干预高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病防治提供重要的科学依据。同时,本发明的陈皮油属于天然药物,无毒副作用,使心血管疾病患者在正常饮食的情况下,自觉地维护血糖稳定,获得糖尿病的非药物治疗效果。
附图说明
图1为各组金黄地鼠的血糖水平;
图中:NCD(无胆固醇对照组);PCD(消胆胺阳性对照组);HCD(高胆固醇对照组);LPC(低剂量陈皮油实验组);HPC(高剂量陈皮油实验组);每组n=8,不同小写字母a、b代表均值在P<0.05时差异显著。
图2为各组金黄地鼠的血清TC水平;
图中:NCD(无胆固醇对照组);PCD(消胆胺阳性对照组);HCD(高胆固醇对照组);LPC(低剂量陈皮油实验组);HPC(高剂量陈皮油实验组);每组n=8,不同小写字母a、b代表均值在P<0.05时差异显著。
图3为各组金黄地鼠的血清Non-HDL-C水平;
图中:NCD(无胆固醇对照组);PCD(消胆胺阳性对照组);HCD(高胆固醇对照组);LPC(低剂量陈皮油实验组);HPC(高剂量陈皮油实验组);每组n=8,不同小写字母a、b代表均值在P<0.05时差异显著。
图4为各组金黄地鼠的血清AI水平;
图中:NCD(无胆固醇对照组);PCD(消胆胺阳性对照组);HCD(高胆固醇对照组);LPC(低剂量陈皮油实验组);HPC(高剂量陈皮油实验组);每组n=8,不同小写字母a、b代表均值在P<0.05时差异显著。
图5为各组金黄地鼠血清HDL-C/TC水平
图中:NCD(无胆固醇对照组);PCD(消胆胺阳性对照组);HCD(高胆固醇对照组);LPC(低剂量陈皮油实验组);HPC(高剂量陈皮油实验组);每组n=8,不同小写字母a、b代表均值在P<0.05时差异显著。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是,对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,下述实施例中所用的试验材料,如无特殊说明,均为可通过常规的商业途径购买得到。
实施例1陈皮油的制备
所述陈皮油的制备包括下列步骤:
(1)选取市售普通陈皮(三年广陈皮),使用研磨机将陈皮研磨成粉,过40目筛得陈皮粉。
(2)将陈皮粉与石油醚(沸程30-60℃)按1:10的料液比(g/mL)充分混匀后浸泡24小时,过滤混合物,取第一次滤液;浸泡后的残余物与石油醚按1:10的料液比再次浸泡24小时,过滤混合物,取第二次滤液,合并两次提取液,于旋转蒸发仪上蒸发浓缩(温度50℃,转速150r/min),得到陈皮油,并回收石油醚。
实验例1陈皮油的功能性成分分析
(1)植物甾醇分析
通过气相色谱仪对陈皮油进行植物甾醇分析。如表1所示,植物甾醇含量高达6.28g/100g,是普通食用油(大豆油中植物甾醇含量为300mg/100g,玉米胚芽油中植物甾醇含量属于市场上植物甾醇含量最高的,为1000mg/100g)中植物甾醇含量的上百倍,主要包括β-谷甾醇、羊毛甾醇、菜油甾醇等,其中β-谷甾醇含量为2821.2mg/100g,占比44.9%,说明陈皮油富含植物甾醇。
表1陈皮油中植物甾醇的组成及相对含量
(2)不饱和脂肪酸分析
通过气相色谱仪对陈皮油进行不饱和脂肪酸分析。如表2所示,陈皮油中不饱和脂肪酸相对百分含量为37.59%,其中单不饱和脂肪酸占比20.77%,多不饱和脂肪酸占比16.82%;饱和脂肪酸相对百分含量为62.41%,以棕榈酸和油酸为主,其次含量较多的是己酸、辛酸、月桂酸、豆蔻酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸等。
表2陈皮油中的脂肪酸组成及含量
(3)总黄酮分析
通过分光光度法在波长360nm处测定吸光度,并以芦丁标准品绘制标准曲线,得线性回归方程y=-0.001028+0.0000750x,R2=0.9997,再比对标准曲线得出陈皮油中的总黄酮量高达4.91×103mg/100g,是普通食用油(大豆油中总黄酮含量为1.31mg/100g,玉米油中总黄酮含量为1.01mg/100g)中黄酮含量的几千倍。
(4)多酚分析
通过分光光度法在波长750nm出测定吸光度,并以芦丁标准品绘制标准曲线,得线性回归方程y=0.0121x+0.0141,R2=0.9979,再比对标准曲线得出陈皮油中的多酚含量高达201mg/100g,是普通食用油(菜籽油中总多酚含量为13.983mg/100g,玉米油中总多酚含量为12.88mg/100g)中多酚含量的几十倍。
实验例2陈皮油对高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠血糖和血胆固醇的影响
(1)动物实验设计
将40只雄性金黄地鼠(6-8周龄,100-120g)随机分为5组(n=8),即无胆固醇日粮组(NCD)、高胆固醇日粮组(HCD)、阳性对照组(PCD)、低剂量陈皮油高胆固醇日粮组(LPC)和剂量陈皮油高胆固醇日粮组(HPC),分别饲喂对应的日粮。
(2)鼠粮的制备
如表3所示,无胆固醇日粮组(NCD)由玉米淀粉、酪蛋白、蔗糖、猪油、矿物质、维生素、明胶、DL-蛋氨酸混合而成;高胆固醇日粮组(HCD):NCD组添加0.15%胆固醇;阳性对照组(PCD);HCD添加0.5%消胆胺;低剂量陈皮油高胆固醇日粮组(LPC):在HCD的基础上,以陈皮油替代50%猪油;高剂量陈皮油高胆固醇日粮组(HPC):在HCD的基础上,用陈皮油替代100%猪油。
(3)测定方法
将小鼠按分组置于动物房中,光/暗周期为12/12小时,温度保持在23℃。实验周期为3周,自由饮水和摄食。第0、3周禁食过夜后,在异氟醚轻度吸入麻醉下从眼眶后窦采血,用于血清胆固醇含量和血糖的测定。
表3配粮表
(4)实验结果
1)陈皮油对高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠血糖的影响
由图1可知,在第0周时,各组金黄地鼠血糖浓度均处于相似水平。在实验期间,与HCD组相比,NCD、LPC、HPC组血糖水平下降,而PCD组在经过3周饮食干预后血糖值显著升高(p<0.05),表明补充陈皮油呈剂量依赖性地降低体内血糖值,但服用消胆胺有提升血糖的副作用。
2)陈皮油对高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)的影响
由图2可知,第0周,各实验组金黄地鼠TC水平无显著性差异(P=0.979>0.05)。饲养3周后,LPC、HPC组与HCD组相比血清TC水平显著性降低了16.63%、17.26%(P<0.05),无明显的剂量关系。说明陈皮油能显著降低金黄地鼠血清TC水平。
3)陈皮油对高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Non-HDL-C)的影响
由图3可知,在第0周时,各组金黄地鼠Non-HDL-C浓度均处于相似水平。饲喂3周后,LPC、HPC、PCD组与HCD组相比NON-HDL-C水平显著降低(P<0.05)。PCD组与NCD组存在显著性差异(P<0.05),LPC、HPC组与NCD组无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明陈皮油能显著降低血清中的Non-HDL-C水平至正常饮食范围,且低、高剂量组分别降低了28.96%、32.26%。
4)陈皮油对高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠动脉硬化指数(AI)的影响
高胆固醇是引发动脉粥样硬化的重要因素之一。AI指的是动脉硬化指数,该指数与动脉粥样硬化的程度存在相关性。AI的数值越大,动脉粥样硬化的程度越高,心血管疾病的患病率越大。由图4可知,HCD组作为高胆固醇饮食组,AI水平与低、高陈皮油实验组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05),说明该组动脉粥样硬化发生的可能性高。与HCD相比,LPC、HPC组和NCD正常组的AI显著降低(P<0.05),其中LPC、HPC组分别降低了30.59%、35.07%。表明陈皮能在一定程度上控制动脉粥样硬化的程度。
5)陈皮油对高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠HDL-C/TC的影响
HDL-C/TC的比值与动脉粥样硬化呈负相关。由图5可知,3周后与HCD组相比,低、高剂量实验组的HDL-C/TC比值显著上升(P<0.05),说明陈皮油能在一定程度上控制动脉粥样硬化。
实验例1和2的实验结果表明,陈皮油富含多种对胆固醇代谢具有改善效果的功能成分,包括植物甾醇、黄酮、多酚、不饱和脂肪酸等,并对血糖和血清胆固醇具有改善效果,为饮食干预高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病防治提供重要的科学依据。
实验例3陈皮油和丙酮酸钙的联合降血糖和降血胆固醇效果
实验方法同实验例2,不同之处在于:将鼠粮(HPC)中的陈皮油替换为陈皮油与丙酮酸钙的组合物,其中,陈皮油与丙酮酸钙的用量比(质量比)为1:1,并以单独的陈皮油鼠粮(HPC)为对照。
实验结果发现,陈皮油和丙酮酸钙联合使用,降血糖效果提升了10%,而降血清胆固醇(TC)效果提升高达17%。说明陈皮油和丙酮酸钙联用具有协同降血糖和降血胆固醇的效果。而且,丙酮酸钙作为丙酮酸的钙盐,广泛存在于各种水果、蔬菜和酒类中,在体内能与胃酸反应生成丙酮酸,随后参与多种代谢途径,反应后不会在机体内蓄积产生副作用。可见,陈皮油和丙酮酸钙联合为饮食干预高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病防治提供了新的思路。
以上对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明,但本发明不限于所描述的实施方式。对于本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明原理和精神的情况下,对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,仍落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.陈皮油在制备防治和/或治疗心血管疾病的产品中的应用,其特征在于,所述陈皮油的制备方法为:利用石油醚对陈皮粉浸提24-36小时,收集提取液后浓缩即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述心血管疾病包括高胆固醇血症和高血糖症。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述产品包括药物、功能性食品和保健品。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述陈皮粉与石油醚的料液比为1g:7-15mL,所述石油醚的沸程为30-60℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,利用石油醚至少对陈皮粉浸提两次。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述陈皮粉的粒径为30-50目。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述浓缩采用旋转蒸发仪进行,浓缩的水温为45-55℃,转速130-200r/min。
8.一种用于防治和/或治疗心血管疾病的产品,其特征在于,所述产品以陈皮油作为主要活性成分。
9.一种用于防治和/或治疗心血管疾病的产品,其特征在于,所述产品以陈皮油和丙酮酸钙的联合作为主要活性成分。
10.一种用于防治和/或治疗心血管疾病的产品,其特征在于,所述陈皮油和丙酮酸钙的质量比为1:1。
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