CN115070189B - Explosion welding preparation method of hollow runner - Google Patents
Explosion welding preparation method of hollow runner Download PDFInfo
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- CN115070189B CN115070189B CN202210753390.4A CN202210753390A CN115070189B CN 115070189 B CN115070189 B CN 115070189B CN 202210753390 A CN202210753390 A CN 202210753390A CN 115070189 B CN115070189 B CN 115070189B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
- B23K20/08—Explosive welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于金属复合板的制造领域，特别涉及到一种中空流道的爆炸焊接制备方法。The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing metal composite plates, and in particular relates to an explosion welding preparation method for a hollow flow channel.
背景技术Background technique
爆炸焊接是一种复板在炸药的爆轰作用产生的能量驱动下与基板碰撞，碰撞界面的金属材料发生塑性形变和熔化，从而获得强固冶金结合的技术。近年来，爆炸焊接金属复合板材由于优良的理化性能，在核工业、化工业等领域有广泛应用，创造了巨大社会价值。水冷板是一种通过液冷换热的元件，原理是在金属板材内加工形成流道，电子元件安装于板的表面，冷却液从板的进口进入，出口出来，把元件的发出的热量带走。Explosive welding is a technology in which a composite plate collides with a substrate under the energy generated by the detonation of explosives, causing the metal material at the collision interface to undergo plastic deformation and melting, thereby obtaining a strong metallurgical bond. In recent years, explosively welded metal composite plates have been widely used in the nuclear industry, chemical industry and other fields due to their excellent physical and chemical properties, creating huge social value. A water-cooled plate is a component that exchanges heat through liquid cooling. The principle is to form a flow channel in a metal plate, and the electronic components are installed on the surface of the plate. The coolant enters from the inlet of the plate and exits from the outlet to take away the heat generated by the components.
水冷板制造常用工艺目前有热等静压和电子束焊，然而前者产品晶粒过度增长、老化，损失材料关键特性，而后者难以获得大尺寸构件，且焊缝暴露在等离子体上。目前针对这一问题，中国专利CN202111662664.0公布的一种新式水冷板及水冷板的加工工艺中采用了螺栓连接的方法；中国专利CN202010642254.9公布了一种水冷板焊接工艺以及一种水冷板焊接用夹具，通过摩擦焊的方法实现水冷板的制造。然而前者水冷板结合强度达不到冶金结合的标准，使用寿命受限；后者工艺繁琐，焊接质量较差，且难以实现大面积板材焊接。The commonly used processes for manufacturing water-cooled plates currently include hot isostatic pressing and electron beam welding. However, the former causes excessive grain growth and aging of the product, resulting in loss of key material properties, while the latter makes it difficult to obtain large-size components, and the welds are exposed to the plasma. To address this problem, Chinese patent CN202111662664.0 discloses a new type of water-cooled plate and a processing technology for the water-cooled plate, which uses a bolt connection method; Chinese patent CN202010642254.9 discloses a water-cooled plate welding process and a water-cooled plate welding fixture, which realize the manufacture of water-cooled plates by friction welding. However, the bonding strength of the former water-cooled plate does not meet the metallurgical bonding standards, and its service life is limited; the latter has a cumbersome process, poor welding quality, and it is difficult to achieve large-area plate welding.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明提出的一种中空流道的爆炸焊接制备方法，克服流道制备的制约因素，通过制备一种高智能填充材料和流道预处理，实现了中空流道的制备，提高产品结合强度、延长材料使用寿命的同时实现了大面积、异种金属间结合。The invention proposes an explosive welding preparation method for a hollow flow channel, which overcomes the constraints of flow channel preparation and realizes the preparation of the hollow flow channel by preparing a high-intelligence filling material and flow channel pretreatment, thereby improving the bonding strength of the product, extending the service life of the material and realizing large-area and dissimilar metal bonding.
本发明的技术方案是，制备一种高智能填充材料，具备高强度和冶金特性，避免焊接后流道变形、复板凹陷或应力波导致流道边角出现裂纹，同时在一定条件下可以软化取出。在基板上用机械加工方法预先处理出流道结构，按梯度填充高智能填充材料后进行爆炸焊接，实现中空流道复合板的制备。The technical solution of the present invention is to prepare a high-intelligence filling material with high strength and metallurgical properties, avoid deformation of the flow channel after welding, depression of the composite plate or cracks at the flow channel corners caused by stress waves, and soften and remove under certain conditions. The flow channel structure is pre-processed on the substrate by mechanical processing, and explosive welding is performed after filling the high-intelligence filling material according to the gradient to realize the preparation of the hollow flow channel composite plate.
其中，高智能填充材料由熔点低于基板、复板材料的金属粉末、与基板材料密度、强度接近的金属粉末混合而成。流道预处理包括在爆炸焊接之前，用机械加工方法在基板表面加工出流道并填充高智能填充材料，流道内部结构要求连通，加工完成后高智能填充材料厚度应与流道高度一致。Among them, the high-intelligent filling material is a mixture of metal powders with a melting point lower than that of the substrate and the composite material, and metal powders with a density and strength close to that of the substrate material. The flow channel pretreatment includes machining the flow channel on the surface of the substrate by mechanical processing before explosion welding and filling it with high-intelligent filling materials. The internal structure of the flow channel is required to be connected, and the thickness of the high-intelligent filling material should be consistent with the flow channel height after processing.
其中，高智能填充材料中不同材料比例随所处位置呈梯度分布，越靠近表面低熔点金属粉末比例越低。Among them, the proportion of different materials in the high-intelligent filling material is gradiently distributed with their location, and the closer to the surface, the lower the proportion of low-melting-point metal powder.
其中，流道预处理位于基板内部，四周边缘部分作为加工余量在爆炸焊接完成后切除。Among them, the flow channel pretreatment is located inside the substrate, and the surrounding edge parts are cut off as processing allowances after the explosion welding is completed.
本发明的优点是：1)避免爆炸焊接过程中巨大界面压力造成流道变形，实现大尺寸、复杂结构的异种间金属的中空流道制备，提供了一种制备中空流道的新途径。2)提高中空流道复合板结合强度，延长材料使用寿命。The advantages of the present invention are: 1) avoiding deformation of the flow channel caused by huge interface pressure during explosive welding, realizing the preparation of hollow flow channels of large-sized and complex-structured dissimilar metals, and providing a new way to prepare hollow flow channels. 2) improving the bonding strength of the hollow flow channel composite plate and extending the service life of the material.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。The drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.
图1是本发明的爆炸焊接示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of explosion welding of the present invention.
图1中，1—雷管，2—炸药，3—复板，4—间隙支撑，5—基板，6—地基，7—流道。In Figure 1, 1 is a detonator, 2 is an explosive, 3 is a double plate, 4 is a gap support, 5 is a base plate, 6 is a foundation, and 7 is a flow channel.
图2为实施例1中流道结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the flow channel structure in Example 1.
图3为实施例1流道爆炸焊接制备结果。FIG. 3 is the flow channel explosion welding preparation result of Example 1.
图4为实施例1中结合界面微观结构照片。FIG. 4 is a photograph of the microstructure of the bonding interface in Example 1.
图5为实施例2流道结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the flow channel structure of Example 2.
图6为实施例2流道制备成果检测结果图。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the test results of the flow channel preparation results of Example 2.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体的实施例对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明的目的是：提供一种中空流道的爆炸焊接制备方法，克服界面压力过大，流道变形不易控制的问题，制备出具有复杂结构、大尺寸的焊接均一的中空流道复合板。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a hollow flow channel by explosive welding, so as to overcome the problems of excessive interface pressure and uncontrollable flow channel deformation, and to prepare a hollow flow channel composite plate with complex structure, large size and uniform welding.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示的金属箔爆炸焊接方法装置示意图。针对铝和钢，其中基板为钢，尺寸为400mm×400mm×10mm，复板为铝，尺寸为500mm×500mm×3mm。A schematic diagram of a metal foil explosion welding method is shown in Figure 1. For aluminum and steel, the substrate is steel with a size of 400mm×400mm×10mm, and the secondary plate is aluminum with a size of 500mm×500mm×3mm.
炸药2选用乳化炸药，密度0.75g/cm3，爆速约为2500m/s，厚度为10mm。间隙支撑4高度为5mm。高智能填充材料选用锡粉与铁粉混合而成，使用机械加工方法在基板表面进行流道预处理，流道截面尺寸为6mm×8mm，流道结构及尺寸如图2所示。在流道中填充高智能填充材料，其中，将流道高度5等分，填充材料中锡粉比例从底部向上分别占90％、70％、50％、30％、10％，通过千斤顶、与流道形状尺寸一致的压条将填充材料压实在预制流道中，用机械加工方法将基板表面打磨平整后清理干净。Explosive 2 uses emulsion explosives with a density of 0.75g/cm 3 , a detonation velocity of about 2500m/s, and a thickness of 10mm. The height of the gap support 4 is 5mm. The high-intelligence filling material is made of a mixture of tin powder and iron powder. The flow channel is pre-processed on the surface of the substrate using a mechanical processing method. The flow channel cross-sectional size is 6mm×8mm. The flow channel structure and size are shown in Figure 2. The high-intelligence filling material is filled in the flow channel, where the flow channel height is divided into 5 equal parts, and the proportion of tin powder in the filling material is 90%, 70%, 50%, 30%, and 10% from the bottom to the top. The filling material is compacted in the prefabricated flow channel by a jack and a pressure strip consistent with the shape and size of the flow channel, and the surface of the substrate is polished and cleaned by a mechanical processing method.
参照图1组装爆炸焊接装置，放置在地基6上，实施爆炸焊接得到复合板，如图2所示切除边缘加工余量露出流道结构，随后将剩余复合板加热至300℃，锡粉变为熔融状态后将其倒出，出现中空流道并用水冲洗干净。Assemble the explosion welding device with reference to FIG1 , place it on the foundation 6 , and perform explosion welding to obtain a composite plate. As shown in FIG2 , cut off the edge machining allowance to expose the flow channel structure. Then, heat the remaining composite plate to 300° C. After the tin powder becomes molten, pour it out, and a hollow flow channel appears, which is then rinsed with water.
爆炸完成后，铝板和钢板成功复合，如图3所示，流道形貌保证完整，边角处没有出现裂纹。如图4所示，经SEM检测，结合界面出现典型爆炸焊接结合面结构。After the explosion, the aluminum plate and the steel plate were successfully composited, as shown in Figure 3. The flow channel morphology was intact and no cracks appeared at the corners. As shown in Figure 4, after SEM detection, the bonding interface showed a typical explosive welding bonding surface structure.
实施例2Example 2
如图1所示的金属箔爆炸焊接方法装置示意图。其中基板、复板均为钢材，尺寸分别为350mm×350mm×10mm和450mm×450mm×3mm。The schematic diagram of the metal foil explosion welding method is shown in Figure 1. The base plate and the secondary plate are both made of steel, and the sizes are 350mm×350mm×10mm and 450mm×450mm×3mm respectively.
炸药2选用乳化炸药，密度0.75g/cm3，爆速约为2500m/s，厚度为10mm。间隙支撑4高度为5mm。高智能填充材料选用锡粉与铁粉混合而成，使用机械加工方法在基板表面进行流道预处理，流道截面尺寸为5mm×9mm，流道结构及尺寸如图5所示。随后打磨清理平整干净，在流道中填充高智能填充材料，其中，将流道高度9等分，填充材料中锡粉比例从底部向上分别占90％、80％、70％、60％、50％、40％、30％、20％、10％，通过千斤顶、与流道形状尺寸一致的压条将填充材料压实在预制流道中，用机械加工方法将基板表面打磨平整后清理干净。Explosive 2 uses emulsion explosives with a density of 0.75g/cm 3 , a detonation velocity of about 2500m/s, and a thickness of 10mm. The height of the gap support 4 is 5mm. The high-intelligence filling material is made of a mixture of tin powder and iron powder. The flow channel is pre-processed on the surface of the substrate using a mechanical processing method. The cross-sectional size of the flow channel is 5mm×9mm. The flow channel structure and size are shown in Figure 5. Then it is polished and cleaned, and the high-intelligence filling material is filled in the flow channel. The flow channel height is divided into 9 equal parts, and the proportion of tin powder in the filling material is 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10% from the bottom to the top. The filling material is compacted in the prefabricated flow channel by a jack and a pressure strip consistent with the shape and size of the flow channel. The surface of the substrate is polished and cleaned by a mechanical processing method.
参照图1组装爆炸焊接装置，放置在地基6上，实施爆炸焊接得到复合板，如图5所示切除边缘加工余量露出流道结构，随后将剩余复合板加热至300℃，锡粉变为熔融状态后将其倒出，出现中空流道并用水冲洗干净。Assemble the explosion welding device with reference to FIG1 , place it on the foundation 6 , and perform explosion welding to obtain a composite plate. As shown in FIG5 , cut off the edge machining allowance to expose the flow channel structure. Then, heat the remaining composite plate to 300° C. After the tin powder becomes molten, pour it out, and a hollow flow channel appears, which is then rinsed with water.
爆炸完成后，钢板成功复合，如图6所示，流道形貌保证完整。After the explosion, the steel plates were successfully composited, as shown in Figure 6, and the flow channel morphology was guaranteed to be complete.
本发明未详细公开的部分属于本领域公知技术，尽管上面对本发明说明性的具体实施方式进行描述，但本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围，一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。The parts of the present invention that are not disclosed in detail belong to the common knowledge in the art. Although the illustrative specific implementation methods of the present invention are described above, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation methods, and all inventions and creations using the concepts of the present invention are protected.
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| CN115070189A (en) | 2022-09-20 |
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