CN115052876A - 促进毛发生长的化合物的合成 - Google Patents
促进毛发生长的化合物的合成 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115052876A CN115052876A CN202080088741.3A CN202080088741A CN115052876A CN 115052876 A CN115052876 A CN 115052876A CN 202080088741 A CN202080088741 A CN 202080088741A CN 115052876 A CN115052876 A CN 115052876A
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- Prior art keywords
- formula
- acid
- compound
- alkyl
- certain embodiments
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 70
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 4
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical group ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZIUSEGSNTOUIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical group CCOC(=O)CC#N ZIUSEGSNTOUIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000022244 formylation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006170 formylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- BFNYNEMRWHFIMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CC#N BFNYNEMRWHFIMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 claims 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108091007638 Mitochondrial pyruvate carriers Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- -1 thiazolidine-2,4-dione-5-ylidene Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 102100025342 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 101710088658 Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B Proteins 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- LZHSBKDTSLRJAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde Chemical compound FC(C=1C=C(CN2C=C(C=3C2=NC=CC=3)C=O)C=C(C=1)C(F)(F)F)(F)F LZHSBKDTSLRJAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000031774 hair cycle Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BPNIWZPAASOMJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine Chemical compound FC(C=1C=C(CN2C=CC=3C2=NC=CC=3)C=C(C=1)C(F)(F)F)(F)F BPNIWZPAASOMJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IGVIZFSCSSEYDA-WUXMJOGZSA-N FC(C=1C=C(CN2C=C(C=3C2=NC=CC=3)/C=C(/C(=O)O)\C#N)C=C(C=1)C(F)(F)F)(F)F Chemical compound FC(C=1C=C(CN2C=C(C=3C2=NC=CC=3)/C=C(/C(=O)O)\C#N)C=C(C=1)C(F)(F)F)(F)F IGVIZFSCSSEYDA-WUXMJOGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- MVXVYAKCVDQRLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC=CC2=C1 MVXVYAKCVDQRLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N mandelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019371 penicillin G benzathine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical group [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical group [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001010 sulfinic acid amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005420 sulfonamido group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)(N*)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/14—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
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- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
- A61K8/4906—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
- A61K8/4926—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom having six membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
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- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q7/00—Preparations for affecting hair growth
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- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
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- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/12—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
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- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/18—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/44—Radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms, or by two such atoms singly-bound to the same carbon atom
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本公开涉及一种合成由式I表示的化合物的方法。本公开还涉及能够抑制线粒体丙酮酸载体和促进毛发生长的式I(A、B或C)化合物。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求于2019年12月20日提交的美国临时专利申请第62/951,667号的权益,其内容据此通过引用整体并入。
背景技术
毛囊干细胞(HFSC)经历了连续几轮的静止(休止期),其间会出现与毛发周期开始相关的短暂增殖期(休止期-生长期过渡)。众所周知,HFSC的增殖或活化是推进毛发周期的先决条件。治疗选择的最新进展已经确定了许多可以调节毛发周期的小分子MPC抑制剂。然而,需要合成这些化合物的新方法。
发明内容
在某些方面,本公开提供了用于制备式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的方法:
其中:
每个A独立地为CH、CR4或N;
R2是CN或羧基;
R3是H、芳基、芳烷基或芳烷基酰基,并且任选地被一个或更多个R5取代;
R4的每个示例独立地为烷基、羧基、卤基、羟基、酯或CN;
R5的每个示例独立地选自烷基、烷氧基或卤基;
R7是氢、烷基、卤基、羟基、烷氧基或酰氧基;并且
R10是氢或烷基;
所述方法包括:
使式(Ic)的化合物与酰化(例如甲酰化)试剂反应以生成式(Id)的化合物:
使式(Id)的化合物与式(Ie)的缩合剂反应以生成式(I)的化合物:
具体实施方式
毛囊干细胞(HFSC)是静止的长寿命细胞,负责维持毛囊的细胞稳态。虽然通常处于休眠状态,但HFSC会在新的毛发周期迅速被激活以分裂。已知HFSC的静止受许多内在和外在机制的调控。
已经开发出能够调节这些机制并通过例如抑制MPC来促进毛发生长的化合物。此类化合物和相关公开可以在例如PCT公开第WO2018039612号、PCT公开第WO2019006359号和美国临时申请第62/787609号、作为WO2020/142413公开的现为国际申请PCT/U S019/068905中找到,其每一个都据此通过引用并入,就好像在本文中全面阐述一样,特别是对于其中公开的MPC抑制化合物。
因此,在某些方面,本公开提供了用于合成化合物的方法,如本文进一步描述的。在一个方面,本公开提供了用于制备式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的方法:
其中:
每个A独立地为CH、CR4或N;
R3是H、芳基、芳烷基或芳烷基酰基,并且任选地被一个或更多个R5取代;R4的每个示例独立地为烷基、羧基、卤基、羟基、酯或CN;
R5的每个示例独立地选自烷基、烷氧基或卤基;
R7是氢、烷基、卤基、羟基、烷氧基或酰氧基;并且
R10是氢或烷基;
所述方法包括:
使式(Ic)的化合物与酰化(例如甲酰化)试剂反应以生成式(Id)的化合物:
使式(Id)的化合物与式(Ie)的缩合剂反应以生成式(I)的化合物:
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的方法还包括水解式(I)的化合物以生成式(If)的化合物:
在某些实施方案中,本文所述的方法还包括使式(Ia)的化合物与式(Ib)的烷基化试剂反应以生成式(Ic)的化合物:
其中W是离去基团(例如,卤基)。
在某些实施方案中,至少一个A是N。在某些优选实施方案中,恰好一个A是N。
在某些实施方案中,R2是CN。
在某些实施方案中,R3是苄基。在某些实施方案中,R3是苄基并且被一个或更多个R5取代。在某些优选的实施方案中,R3被一个或两个R5取代,并且其中每个R5独立地选自氟烷基或氟基。在某些甚至更优选的实施方案中,R3被两个R5取代,并且其中每个R5是三氟甲基。
在某些实施方案中,R7是氢、羟基、卤基(例如,氯基)或酰氧基(例如,乙酰氧基)。在某些优选的实施方案中,R7是氢。
在某些实施方案中,烷基化试剂的离去基团W是卤基。在某些优选的实施方案中,烷基化试剂的离去基团W是溴。
在某些实施方案中,酰化试剂是磷酰氯。
技术人员可以利用上述方法,使用技术人员可用的原材料和技术得到下述化合物(例如,式A、B和C的化合物)。
在某些实施方案中,如本文进一步描述的,本公开提供了制备根据式(A)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的方法:
式A的其他实施方案在PCT公开第WO 2018/039612号中提供。
在某些实施方案中,如本文进一步描述的,本公开提供了制备根据式(B)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的方法:
其中:
每个A独立地为CH、CRB4或N;
Z是CH、CRB4或N。
RB2是CN或羧基;
RB3是H、芳基、芳烷基或芳烷基酰基,并且任选地被一个或更多个RB5取代,其中每个RB5独立地选自烷基、烷氧基或卤基;
RB4的每个示例独立地为烷基、羧基、卤基、羟基、酯或CN;
RB6来自H、烷基或环烷基;
RB7是氢、烷基、卤基、羟基、烷氧基或酰氧基;
RB10是氢或烷基;并且
n是0-4。
在某些实施方案中,本公开提供了制备根据式BI的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的方法:
其中,
RB2是CN或羧基;
RB3是H、芳基、芳烷基或芳烷基酰基,并且任选地被一个或更多个RB5取代,其中每个RB5独立地选自烷基、烷氧基或卤基;
RB4的每个示例独立地为烷基、羧基、卤基、羟基、酯或CN;
RB6来自H、烷基或环烷基;并且
RB7是氢、烷基、卤基、羟基、烷氧基或酰氧基;
RB10是氢或烷基;
RB11是氢或烷基;并且
n是0-4。
在式B或BI的某些实施方案中,RB11是烷基(例如,甲基)。
在某些实施方案中,本公开提供了式BII的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
每个A独立地为CH、CRB4或N;
X是NRB6或O;
RB1是H或低级烷基;或者RB1和RB6或RB1和RB2连同将它们分开的原子一起形成杂环;
RB2是CN或羧基;
RB3是H、芳基、芳烷基或芳烷基酰基,并且任选地被一个或更多个RB5取代,其中每个RB5独立地选自烷基、烷氧基和卤基;
RB4的每个示例独立地为烷基、羧基、卤基、羟基或CN;
RB6来自H、烷基或环烷基;并且
RB7是氢、烷基、卤基、羟基、烷氧基或酰氧基。
在式B、BI或BII的某些实施方案中,至少一个A是N,优选不超过两次出现的A是N。在某些优选的实施方案中,恰好一个A是N,优选A和NRB3与同一碳结合。
在某些实施方案中,本公开提供了式BIII的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
X是NRB6或O;
RB1是H或低级烷基;
RB2是CN或羧基;或者RB1和RB2连同将它们分开的原子一起构成杂环;
RB3是H、苯基或苄基,并且任选地被一个或更多个RB5取代,其中每个RB5独立地选自烷基、烷氧基或卤基;
RB4的每个示例独立地选自烷基、羧基、卤基、羟基或CN;并且
RB6选自H、烷基或环烷基。
在式B、BI、BII或BIII的某些实施方案中,X是NH。在某些实施方案中,X是O。
在式B、BI、BII或BIII的某些实施方案中,RB1是H。在某些实施方案中,RB1是低级烷基。在某些实施方案中,RB1和RB6连同将它们分开的原子一起构成杂环(例如,吗啉基)。
在式B、BI、BII或BIII的某些实施方案中,RB6是氢。
在式V B、BI、BII或BIII的某些实施方案中,RB2是CN。在某些实施方案中,RB2是羧基。在某些实施方案中,RB1和RB2连同将它们分开的原子一起构成选自噻唑烷-2,4-二酮-5-亚基或2-亚氨基噻唑烷-4-酮-5-亚基的杂环基。
在式B、BI、BII或BIII的某些实施方案中,RB3是H。在某些实施方案中,RB3是苯基。在某些实施方案中,RB3是苯基并且被一个或更多个RB5取代。在某些实施方案中,RB3被一个RB5取代,并且其中RB5是烷氧基。在某些实施方案中,RB3是芳烷基(例如,苄基或苯乙基)。在某些实施方案中,RB3是芳烷基酰基(例如,苯基乙酰基)。在某些实施方案中,RB3是苄基。在某些实施方案中,RB3是苄基并且被一个或更多个RB5取代。在某些实施方案中,RB3是芳烷基(例如,苄基或苯乙基)并且被一个或更多个RB5(优选在苯环上)取代。在某些实施方案中,RB3是芳烷基酰基(例如,苯基乙酰基),并且被一个或更多个RB5(优选在苯环上)取代。在某些实施方案中,RB3被一个或两个RB5取代,并且其中每个R5独立地选自氟烷基或氟基。在某些实施方案中,RB3被两个RB5取代,并且其中每个RB5是三氟甲基。
在式B、BI、BII或BIII的某些实施方案中,n是0。
在某些优选的实施方案中,本公开提供了式BIV的化合物
在某些实施方案中,本公开提供了式BV的化合物
在式B、BI、BII、BIII、BIV或BV的某些实施方案中,n是1。
在某些优选的实施方案中,本公开提供了式BVI的化合物
在某些实施方案中,本公开提供了式BVII的化合物
在式B、BI、BII、BIII、BIV、BV、BVI或BVII的某些实施方案中,RB4选自卤基或卤代烷基。在某些优选的实施方案中,RB4是卤基(例如,氯基或溴基)。在其他优选的实施方案中,RB4是羧基或酯。
在式B、BI、BII、BIII、BIV、BV、BVI或BVII的某些实施方案中,n是0。在某些实施方案中,n是2,并且RB4选自卤基或卤代烷基。
在式B、BI、BII、BIII、BIV、BV、BVI或BVII的某些实施方案中,RB7是氢、羟基、卤基(例如氯基)或酰氧基(例如乙酰氧基)。在某些实施方案中,RB7是羟基、卤基(例如,氯基)或酰氧基(例如,乙酰氧基)。
在式B、BI、BII、BIII、BIV、BV、BVI或BVII的某些实施方案中,化合物不是JXL001。
式B的其他实施方案在PCT公开第WO 2019/006359号中提供。
在某些实施方案中,如本文进一步描述的,本公开提供了制备根据式(C)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的方法:
其中:
RC1是H、芳基、芳烷基或芳烷基酰基,并且任选地被一个或更多个RC5取代;
RC2是CN或羧基;
RC4独立地为烷基、烯基、炔基、羧基、叠氮基、卤基、羟基、酯或CN;
RC5独立地选自烷基、烷氧基或卤基;并且
n是0-4。
在式I的其他优选实施方案中,Y是酯或羧基。
在式I的某些优选实施方案中,RC2是CN。在其他实施方案中,RC2是羧基。
在式I的某些实施方案中,RC1是H。
在式I的其他优选实施方案中,RC1是芳烷基(例如,苄基或苯乙基)。在某些此类实施方案中,芳烷基(例如,苄基或苯乙基)被一个或更多个RC5(优选在苯环上)取代。在其他实施方案中,RC1是芳烷基酰基(例如,苯基乙酰基),并且被一个或更多个RC5(优选在苯环上)取代。
在式I的某些实施方案中,R1被一个或两个RC5取代,并且其中每个RC5独立地选自氟烷基或氟基。在某些优选的实施方案中,RC1被两个RC5取代,并且其中每个RC5是三氟甲基。
在式I的某些实施方案中,RC4是吸电子基团。在某些实施方案中,RC4选自碘基、氟基、烯基(例如乙烯基)、CN、叠氮基、炔基(例如乙炔基)、氟烷基(例如三氟甲基)、羧基和酯(例如甲酯或乙酯)。在某些优选的实施方案中,RC4是氟基。在其他优选的实施方案中,RC4是酯(例如,甲酯或乙酯)。
在某些实施方案中,本公开提供了式CIa的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中R6是H、烷基、芳基或芳烷基。
在式Ia的某些优选实施方案中,RC6是H或烷基(例如,甲基或乙基)。
式B的其他实施方案在PCT公开第WO 2020/142413号中提供。
在某些实施方案中,本公开提供了制备表1的化合物的方法:
表1:示例性化合物
药物组合物
本公开包括通过本发明的方法制备的化合物的药学上可接受的盐的制备和用途。在某些实施方案中,本发明所考虑的盐包括但不限于烷基、二烷基、三烷基或四烷基铵盐。在某些实施方案中,本发明所考虑的盐包括但不限于L-精氨酸、苯乙苄胺(benenthamine)、苄星(benzathine)、甜菜碱、氢氧化钙、胆碱、地阿诺(deanol)、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、2-(二乙氨基)乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-甲基葡糖胺、海巴明(hydrabamine)、1H-咪唑、锂、L-赖氨酸、镁、4-(2-羟乙基)吗啉、哌嗪、钾、1-(2-羟乙基)吡咯烷、钠、三乙醇胺、氨丁三醇和锌盐。在某些实施方案中,本发明所考虑的盐包括但不限于Na、Ca、K、Mg、Zn或其他金属盐。在某些实施方案中,本发明所考虑的盐包括但不限于1-羟基-2-萘甲酸、2,2-二氯乙酸、2-羟基-乙磺酸、2-氧代戊二酸、4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸、4-氨基水杨酸、乙酸、己二酸、l-抗坏血酸、l-天冬氨酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、(+)-樟脑酸、(+)-樟脑-10-磺酸、癸酸(capric acid/decanoic acid)、己酸(caproic acid/hexanoic acid)、辛酸(caprylic acid/octanoic acid)、碳酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、环己氨磺酸(cyclamic acid)、十二烷基硫酸、乙烷-1,2-二磺酸、乙磺酸、甲酸、富马酸、半乳糖二酸、龙胆酸、d-葡庚糖酸、d-葡萄糖酸、d-葡糖醛酸、谷氨酸、戊二酸、甘油磷酸、乙醇酸、马尿酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、异丁酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、月桂酸、马来酸、l-苹果酸、丙二酸、苯基乙醇酸、甲磺酸、萘-1,5-二磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、尼克酸、硝酸、油酸、草酸、棕榈酸、双羟萘酸、磷酸、丙酸、l-焦谷氨酸、水杨酸、癸二酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、硫酸、l-酒石酸、硫氰酸(thiocyanic acid)、对甲苯磺酸、三氟乙酸以及十一碳烯酸盐。
药学上可接受的酸加成盐也可以各种溶剂化物的形式存在,诸如与水、甲醇、乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺等的溶剂化物。也可以制备此类溶剂化物的混合物。此类溶剂化物的来源可以是来自结晶的溶剂,是制备或结晶的溶剂中固有的或者不溶于此类溶剂。
定义
除非本文另外定义,否则本申请中使用的科学和技术术语应具有本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义。通常,本文所述的与化学、细胞和组织培养、分子生物学、细胞和癌症生物学、神经生物学、神经化学、病毒学、免疫学、微生物学、药理学、遗传学以及蛋白质和核酸化学结合使用的术语和技术是本领域熟知和常用的那些。
除非另外指示,否则本公开的方法和技术一般是根据本领域中熟知并且如本说明书通篇引用和论述的各种一般性和更特定参考文献中所述的常规方法来执行。参见例如,“Principles of Neural Science”,McGraw-Hill Medical,New York,N.Y.(2000);Motulsky,“Intuitive Biostatistics”,Oxford University Press,Inc.(1995);Lodish等人,“Molecular Cell Biology,第4版”,W.H.Freeman&Co.,New York(2000);Griffiths等人,“Introduction to Genetic Analysis,第7版”,W.H.Freeman&Co.,N.Y.(1999);和Gilbert等人,“Developmental Biology,第6版”,Sinauer Associates,Inc.,Sunderland,MA(2000)。
除非本文另外定义,否则本文使用的化学术语根据本领域中的常规用法来使用,如由“The McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms”,Parker S.编,McGraw-Hill,San Francisco,C.A.(1985)所示例的。
以上所有内容以及本申请中提及的任何其他公布、专利和公布的专利申请均以引用的方式明确并入本文。当发生冲突时,以本说明书(包括其特定定义)为准。
本文使用的术语“剂”表示化合物(诸如有机或无机化合物、化合物的混合物)、生物大分子(诸如核酸、抗体,包括其部分以及人源化、嵌合和人抗体以及单克隆抗体、蛋白质或其部分,例如肽、脂质、碳水化合物)或由生物材料诸如细菌、植物、真菌或动物(特别是哺乳动物)细胞或组织制成的提取物。剂包括例如结构已知的剂和结构未知的剂。此类剂抑制AR或促进AR降解的能力可以使它们适合作为本公开的方法和组合物中的“治疗剂”。
“患者”、“受试者”或“个体”可互换使用并且是指人或非人动物。这些术语包括哺乳动物,诸如人类、灵长类动物、家畜动物(包括牛、猪等)、伴侣动物(例如,犬、猫科动物等)以及啮齿动物(例如,小鼠和大鼠)。
“治疗”病症或患者是指采取措施以获得有益的或所需的结果,包括临床结果。如本文所用以及本领域中很好地理解的,“治疗”是用于获得有益的或所需的结果(包括临床结果)的方式。有益的或所需的临床结果可包括但不限于一种或多种症状或病症的减缓或改善、疾病程度的减小、疾病状态的稳定(即不恶化)、疾病扩散的预防、疾病进程的延缓或减慢、疾病状态的改善或缓和以及缓解(无论是部分缓解或是全部缓解),无论是可检测的或是不可检测的。“治疗”还可以意指与未接受治疗时期望的存活相比延长存活。
术语“预防”是本领域公认的,并且当相对于病状诸如局部复发(例如,疼痛)、疾病诸如癌症、征候诸如心力衰竭或任何其他医学病状使用时,是在本领域中所熟知的,并且包括施用组合物,相对于不接受所述组合物的受试者,所述组合物减少医学病状的症状的频率,或延缓其发病。因此,癌症的预防例如包括,例如以统计上和/或临床上显著的量,减少接受预防性治疗的患者群体相对于未治疗对照群体的可检测癌性生长的数量,和/或延缓治疗群体相对于未治疗对照群体的可检测癌性生长的出现。
向受试者“施用”物质、化合物或剂或者对物质、化合物或剂的“施用”可使用本领域的技术人员已知的各种方法中的一种来实施。例如,化合物或剂可通过以下方式施用:静脉内、动脉内、真皮内、肌内、腹膜内、皮下、经眼部、舌下、口服(通过摄取)、鼻内(通过吸入)、脊柱内、脑内以及透皮(通过吸收,例如,通过皮肤管)。化合物或剂还可适当地通过可再充电或可生物降解聚合物装置或其他提供对化合物或剂的延长的、缓慢的或受控的释放的装置(例如贴剂和泵剂)或制剂来引入。施用还可以例如进行一次、多次和/或在一个或更多个延长时间段内进行。
向受试者施用物质、化合物或剂的适当方法还将取决于例如受试者的年龄和/或身体状况以及化合物或剂的化学和生物特性(例如,溶解性、可消化性、生物可用性、稳定性以及毒性)。在一些实施方案中,化合物或剂例如通过摄取向受试者口服施用。在一些实施方案中,口服施用化合物或剂在延长释放或缓慢释放的制剂中,或使用用于此缓慢或延长释放的装置来施用。
如本文所用,短语“联合施用”是指两种或更多种不同治疗剂的任何形式的施用,使得当先前施用的治疗剂在体内仍然有效时施用第二剂(例如,两种剂在患者中同时有效,其可以包括两种剂的协同作用)。例如,不同的治疗化合物可以在相同的制剂中或在单独的制剂中同时地或依序地施用。因此,接受此类治疗的个体可以受益于不同治疗剂的组合作用。
药物或剂的“治疗有效量”或“治疗有效剂量”是药物或剂当向受试者施用时将具有预期的治疗性作用的量。完全的治疗性作用并不一定通过施用一次剂量而出现,而可能仅在施用一系列剂量之后才出现。因此,可以一次或多次施用来施用治疗有效量。受试者所需的精确有效量将取决于例如受试者的身材、健康和年龄,以及受治疗的病状(诸如癌症或MDS)的性质和程度。技术人员可以易于通过常规实验确定给定情况的有效量。
术语“酰基”是本领域公认的,并且是指由通式烃基C(O)-,优选烷基C(O)-表示的基团。
术语“酰基氨基”是本领域公认的并且是指被酰基取代的氨基并且可以例如由式烃基C(O)NH-表示。
术语“酰氧基”是本领域公认的并且是指由通式烃基C(O)O-,优选烷基C(O)O-表示的基团。
术语“烷氧基”是指连接有氧的烷基。代表性烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、叔丁氧基等。
术语“烷氧基烷基”是指被烷氧基取代的烷基,并且可以由通式烷基-O-烷基表示。
术语“烷基”是指饱和脂族基团,包括直链烷基、支链烷基、环烷基(脂环族)基团、烷基取代的环烷基和环烷基取代的烷基。在优选的实施方案中,直链或支链烷基在其主链中具有30个或更少的碳原子(例如,对于直链为C1-30,对于支链为C3-30),并且更优选为20个或更少。
此外,在整个说明书、实施例和权利要求书中使用的术语“烷基”旨在包括未取代的和取代的烷基,后者是指在烃主链的一个或更多个碳原子上具有替换氢的取代基的烷基部分,包括卤代烷基,诸如三氟甲基和2,2,2-三氟乙基等。
当与诸如酰基、酰氧基、烷基、烯基、炔基或烷氧基的化学部分结合使用时,术语“Cx-y”或“Cx-Cy”意指包括在链中含有x至y个碳的基团。C0烷基表示氢,其中基团在末端位置,如果在内部则为键。例如,C1-6烷基在链中含有1至6个碳原子。
如本文所用,术语“烷基氨基”是指被至少一个烷基取代的氨基。
如本文所用,术语“烷硫基”是指被烷基取代的硫醇基,并且可以由通式烷基S-表示。
如本文所用,术语“酰胺”是指基团
其中R9和R10各自独立地表示氢或烃基,或者R9和R10与它们所连接的N原子一起形成在环结构中具有4至8个原子的杂环。
术语“胺”和“氨基”是本领域公认的,并且是指未取代的和取代的胺及其盐,例如可以由下式表示的部分
其中R9、R10和R10各自独立地表示氢或烃基,或者R9和R10与它们所连接的N原子一起形成在环结构中具有4至8个原子的杂环。
如本文所用,术语“氨基烷基”是指被氨基取代的烷基。
如本文所用,术语“芳烷基”是指被芳基取代的烷基。
如本文所用,术语“芳基”包括取代或未取代的单环芳族基团,其中环的每个原子为碳。优选环是5至7元环,更优选6元环。术语“芳基”还包括具有两个或更多个环的多环系统,其中两个或更多个碳是两个相邻环共有的,其中至少一个环是芳族的,例如,其他环可以是环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基。芳基包括苯、萘、菲、苯酚、苯胺等。
术语“氨基甲酸酯”是本领域公认的,并且是指以下基团
其中R9和R10独立地表示氢或烃基。
如本文所用,术语“碳环基烷基”是指被碳环基团取代的烷基。
如本文所用,术语“碳环”、“碳环基”和“碳环的”是指其中环的每个原子为碳的非芳族饱和或不饱和环。优选地,碳环含有3至10个原子,更优选5至7个原子。
如本文所用,术语“碳环基烷基”是指被碳环基团取代的烷基。
术语“碳酸酯”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团-OCO2-。
如本文所用,术语“羧基”是指由式-CO2H表示的基团。
如本文所用,术语“酯”是指基团-C(O)OR9,其中R9表示烃基。
如本文所用,术语“醚”是指通过氧连接至另一个烃基的烃基。因此,烃基基团的醚取代基可以是烃基-O-。醚可以是对称的或不对称的。醚的实例包括但不限于杂环-O-杂环和芳基-O-杂环。醚包括“烷氧基烷基”基团,其可以由通式烷基-O-烷基表示。
如本文所用,术语“卤基”和“卤素”意指卤素并且包括氯基、氟基、溴基和碘基。
如本文所用,术语“杂芳烷基(hetaralkyl)”和“杂芳烷基(heteroaralkyl)”是指被杂芳基取代的烷基。
术语“杂芳基(heteroaryl)”和“杂芳基(hetaryl)”包括取代或未取代的芳族单环结构,优选5至7元环,更优选5至6元环,其环结构包含至少一个杂原子,优选一至四个杂原子,更优选一个或两个杂原子。术语“杂芳基(heteroaryl)”和“杂芳基(hetaryl)”还包括具有两个或更多个环的多环系统,其中两个或更多个碳是两个相邻环共有的,其中至少一个环是杂芳族的,例如,其他环可以是环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基。杂芳基包括例如吡咯、呋喃、噻吩、咪唑、噁唑、噻唑、吡唑、吡啶、吡嗪、哒嗪和嘧啶等。
如本文所用,术语“杂原子”意指除碳或氢以外的任何元素的原子。优选的杂原子是氮、氧和硫。
如本文所述的术语“杂环基烷基”是指被杂环基团取代的烷基。
术语“杂环基”、“杂环”和“杂环的”是指取代或未取代的非芳族环结构,优选3至10元环,更优选3至7元环,其环结构包含至少一个杂原子,优选一至四个杂原子,更优选一个或两个杂原子。术语“杂环基”和“杂环的”还包括具有两个或更多个环的多环系统,其中两个或更多个碳是两个相邻环共有的,其中至少一个环是杂环的,例如,其他环可以是环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基。杂环基包括例如哌啶、哌嗪、吡咯烷、吗啉、内酯、内酰胺等。
如本文所用,术语“烃基”是指通过不具有=O或=S取代基的碳原子键合的基团,并且通常具有至少一个碳-氢键和主要为碳的主链,但是可以任选地包含杂原子。因此,出于本申请的目的,诸如甲基、乙氧基乙基、2-吡啶基和甚至三氟甲基的基团被认为是烃基,但是诸如乙酰基(其在连接碳上具有=O取代基)和乙氧基(其通过氧而不是碳连接)的取代基不是。烃基包括但不限于芳基、杂芳基、碳环、杂环、烷基、烯基、炔基及其组合。
如本文所用,术语“羟烷基”是指被羟基取代的烷基。
当与化学部分诸如酰基、酰氧基、烷基、烯基、炔基或烷氧基结合使用时,术语“低级”意指包括其中取代基中有十个或更少原子,优选六个或更少原子的基团。例如,“低级烷基”是指含有十个或更少,优选六个或更少的碳原子的烷基。在某些实施方案中,本文所定义的酰基、酰氧基、烷基、烯基、炔基或烷氧基取代基分别是低级酰基、低级酰氧基、低级烷基、低级烯基、低级炔基或低级烷氧基,无论它们是单独出现还是与其他取代基组合出现,诸如在叙述羟烷基和芳烷基中(在这种情况下,例如,当计算烷基取代基中的碳原子时,不计算芳基内的原子)。
术语“多环基”、“多环”和“多环的”是指两个或更多个环(例如,环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基),其中两个或更多个原子是两个相邻环共用的,例如,环是“稠合环”。多环的每个环可以是取代或未取代的。在某些实施方案中,多环的每个环在环中含有3至10个原子,优选5至7个原子。
术语“硫酸酯”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团–OSO3H或其药学上可接受的盐。
术语“磺酰胺”是本领域公认的,并且是指由以下通式表示的基团
其中R9和R10独立地表示氢或烃基。
术语“亚砜”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团-S(O)-。
术语“磺酸酯”是本领域公认的,并指基团SO3H或其药学上可接受的盐。
术语“砜”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团–S(O)2-。
术语“取代的”是指在主链的一个或更多个碳上具有替换氢的取代基的部分。应理解,“取代”或“被……取代”包括隐含的条件,即这种取代是根据取代原子和取代基的允许化合价,并且所述取代产生稳定的化合物,例如,其不会自发地进行诸如通过重排、环化、消除等的转化。如本文所用,术语“取代的”考虑包括有机化合物的所有允许的取代基。在广义方面,可允许的取代基包括有机化合物的非环状的和环状的、支链的和非支链的、碳环的和杂环的、芳族的和非芳族的取代基。可允许的取代基可以是一个或更多个取代基并且对于适当的有机化合物而言是相同或不同的。出于本发明的目的,杂原子诸如氮可以具有氢取代基和/或本文所述的有机化合物的满足杂原子的化合价的任何可允许的取代基。取代基可以包括本文所述的任何取代基,例如卤素、羟基、羰基(诸如羧基、烷氧基羰基、甲酰基或酰基)、硫代羰基(诸如硫代酸酯、硫代乙酸酯或硫代甲酸酯)、烷氧基、磷酰基、磷酸根、膦酸根、次膦酸根、氨基、酰胺基、脒、亚胺、氰基、硝基、叠氮基、巯基、烷硫基、硫酸根、磺酸根、磺酰胺基、亚磺酰胺基、磺酰基、杂环基、芳烷基或芳族或杂芳族部分。本领域技术人员将理解,如果合适,在烃链上取代的部分本身可以被取代。
如本文所用,术语“硫代烷基”是指被硫醇基团取代的烷基。
如本文所用,术语“硫酯”是指基团-C(O)SR9或–SC(O)R9
其中R9表示烃基。
如本文所用,术语“硫醚”等同于醚,其中氧被硫替换。
术语“脲”是本领域公认的并且可以由以下通式表示
其中R9和R10独立地表示氢或烃基。
如本文所用,术语“调节”包括抑制或压制功能或活性(诸如细胞增殖)以及增强功能或活性。
短语“药学上可接受的”是本领域公认的。在某些实施方案中,所述术语包括在合理医学判断范围内,适用于与人类和动物的组织相接触而没有过量毒性、刺激、过敏反应或其他问题或并发症、与合理的利益/风险比相称的组合物、赋形剂、助剂、聚合物以及其他材料和/或剂型。
“药学上可接受的盐”或“盐”在本文中用于是指适用于治疗患者或与患者的治疗相容的酸加成盐或碱加成盐。
如本文所用,术语“药学上可接受的酸加成盐”意指由式I表示的任何基础化合物的任何无毒的有机或无机盐。形成合适的盐的示例性无机酸包括盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸和磷酸以及金属盐诸如正磷酸一氢钠和硫酸氢钾。形成合适的盐的例示性有机酸包括一元羧酸、二元羧酸和三元羧酸,诸如乙醇酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、马来酸、苯甲酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸和水杨酸以及磺酸,诸如对甲苯磺酸和甲磺酸。可以形成一元酸盐或二元酸盐,并且此类盐可以水合形式、溶剂化形式或基本上无水形式存在。通常,式I的化合物的酸加成盐更易溶于水和各种亲水性有机溶剂,并且与它们的游离碱形式相比,通常表现出更高的熔点。合适的盐的选择是本领域技术人员已知的。可以使用其他非药学上可接受的盐,例如草酸盐,例如,用于分离供实验室使用的式I的化合物,或用于随后转化为药学上可接受的酸加成盐。
如本文所用的术语“药学上可接受的碱加成盐”意指由式I表示的任何酸化合物或其任何中间体的任何无毒的有机或无机碱加成盐。形成合适的盐的例示性无机碱包括氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、氢氧化镁或氢氧化钡。形成合适的盐的例示性有机碱包括脂族、脂环族或芳族有机胺,诸如甲胺、三甲胺和甲基吡啶或氨。适当盐的选择将对本领域的技术人员是已知的。
可用于本公开的方法和组合物的许多化合物在其结构中具有至少一个立构中心。这个立构中心可以R或S构型存在,所述R和S符号根据Pure Appl.Chem.(1976),45,11-30中所描述的规则来使用。本公开考虑所有立体异构形式,诸如化合物、盐、前药或其混合物的对映异构体和非对映异构体形式(包括立体异构体的所有可能的混合物)。参见例如WO 01/062726。
此外,某些含有烯基的化合物可以作为Z(同侧)或E(异侧)异构体存在。在每种情况下,本公开包括混合物和单独的个别异构体两者。
一些化合物也可以作为互变异构形式存在。尽管未在本文所述的式中明确指出,但此类形式意图包含在本公开的范围内。
“前药”或“药学上可接受的前药”是指在施用之后在宿主中被代谢例如水解或氧化以形成本公开的化合物(例如,式的I化合物)的化合物。前药的典型实例包括在活性化合物的官能部分上具有生物不稳定或可裂解(保护)基团的化合物。前药包括可以被氧化、还原、胺化、脱胺化、羟基化、脱羟基化、水解、脱水解、烷基化、脱烷基化、酰化、脱酰化、磷酸化或脱磷酸化以产生活性化合物的化合物。在美国专利6,875,751、7,585,851和7,964,580中公开了使用酯或氨基磷酸酯(phosphoramidate)作为生物不稳定或可裂解(保护)基团的前药的实例,其公开内容以引用的方式并入本文。本公开的前药被代谢以产生式I的化合物。本公开在其范围内包括本文所述化合物的前药。例如,在“Design of Prodrugs”Ed.H.Bundgaard,Elsevier,1985中描述了合适前药的选择和制备的常规程序。
如本文所用的术语“药学上可接受的载体”意指可用于配制用于医学或治疗性用途的药物的药学上可接受的材料、组合物或媒介物,诸如液体或固体助滤剂、稀释剂、赋形剂、溶剂或包封材料。
如本文所用,术语“溶解度的对数”、“LogS”或“logS”在本领域中用于定量化合物的水溶性。化合物的水溶性显著地影响其吸收和分布特性。低溶解度通常伴随着不良吸收。LogS值是以摩尔/升为单位测量的溶解度的单位剥离对数(以10为底数)。
实施例
现已大体上描述本发明,参考以下实施例将更容易理解本发明,这些实施例被包括仅出于说明本发明的某些方面和实施方案的目的并且不意图限制本发明。
实施例1:JXL082的合成
1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(2)
在0℃下向7-氮杂吲哚1(5mmol,590mg)在无水二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,10mL)中的溶液中添加3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基溴(1.2当量,6mmol,1.32mL)和KOH(1.2当量,6mmol,402mg)。将反应混合物在21℃下搅拌2小时。TLC显示反应完成后,向反应瓶中加入水(30mL)。反应混合物用二氯甲烷(30mL×3)萃取。将合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。通过快速柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=12:1)纯化残余物,以90%收率提供所需产物2。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.40(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),8.00(dd,1H,J=7.8,1.3Hz,1H),7.84(s,1H),7.72(s,2H),7.24(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),7.16(dd,J=7.8,4.7Hz,1H),6.60(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),5.65(s,2H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ147.6,143.5,140.5,132.1(q,Jc-f=33.6Hz),129.3,127.5,127.4,123.1(q,Jc-f=273.3Hz),121.7,120.5,116.4,101.3,47.1.
1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-甲醛(3)
在氩气下,在0℃下,将磷酰氯(POCl3,2mmol,180μL)滴加到DMF(4mL)中。将反应搅拌10分钟后,边搅拌边缓慢添加化合物2(2mmol,668mg)在DMF(4mL)中的溶液。将混合物保持在21℃下过夜。通过在0℃下添加水(10mL)淬灭反应,然后用二氯甲烷(10mL×3)萃取。将合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。通过快速柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=4:1)纯化残余物,以85%收率提供所需的醛3。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.00(s,1H),8.59(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.46(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),7.87(s,1H),7.84(s,1H),7.77(s,2H),7.32(dd,J=7.6,4.8Hz,1H),5.66(s,2H).13CNMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ184.6,148.3,145.7,138.7,136.9,132.5(q,Jc-f=33.6Hz),131.0,128.0,123.0(q,Jc-f=272.8Hz),122.4,119.5,117.6,47.9.
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL082)
向醛3(1mmol,372mg)在乙醇(2mL)中的溶液中添加2-氰基乙酸乙酯(1.3当量,1.3mmol,140μL)和L-脯氨酸(40mol%,0.4mmol,58mg)。反应在21℃下搅拌12小时,逐渐沉淀出黄色固体。反应完成后,向反应瓶中添加冰冷的水(2mL)。通过布氏漏斗过滤分离固体并用水(2mL×3)洗涤并干燥,以93%收率提供所需产物JXL082。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.64(s,1H),8.51(s,1H),8.48(dd,J=4.6,1.2Hz,1H),8.21(dd,J=7.9,1.2Hz,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.77(s,2H),7.34(dd,J=7.9,4.6Hz,1H),5.69(s,2H),4.38(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.3,147.6,145.7,145.0,138.5,132.7,132.3(q,Jc-f=33.6Hz),127.9,127.7,123.1(q,Jc-f=273.3Hz),122.5,120.3,119.0,117.6,109.4,97.0,62.3,48.3,14.3.
实施例2:JXL069的合成
方法1:
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL069)
向JXL082(0.21mmol,100mg)在THF(2mL)中的溶液中添加0.5N LiOH溶液(3当量,0.4mmol,0.8mL)。将反应混合物在21℃下搅拌1小时。TLC显示反应完成后,蒸发THF。滴加浓HCl使反应混合物酸化至pH低于1,期间沉淀出黄色固体。向反应混合物中添加冰冷的水(5mL)并且使用带多孔盘的PYREXTM Hirsch型漏斗过滤固体并用水(5mL×3)洗涤。将其真空干燥后,固体用2mL的5:1己烷:乙酸乙酯的溶剂混合物洗涤5至10次,并通过TLC监测直至非极性杂质消失(非极性化合物为反醛醇缩合产物3,其可从滤液中回收)。最后,通过NMR检查产物JXL069的纯度。产物(50.7mg)以55%的收率分离。NMR数据见下文。
方法2:
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL069)
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸叔丁酯(4)
向醛3(1mmol,372mg)在乙醇(2mL)中的溶液中添加2-氰基乙酸叔丁酯(1.3当量,1.3mmol,183μL)和L-脯氨酸(40mol%,0.4mmol,58mg)。反应在21℃下搅拌12小时,逐渐沉淀出黄色固体。反应完成后,向反应瓶中添加冰冷的水(2mL)。通过布氏漏斗过滤分离固体并用水(2mL×3)洗涤并干燥,以90%收率提供所需产物4。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.61(s,1H),8.46(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),8.42(s,1H),8.17(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.81(s,1H),7.75(s,2H),7.32(dd,J=7.9,4.6Hz,1H),5.69(s,2H),1.58(s,9H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ162.1,147.5,145.6,144.0,138.6,132.4(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),132.36,127.8,127.6,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),122.4,120.3,118.8,117.7,109.3,98.5,83.2,48.2,28.1.
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL069)
向4(0.5mmol,247.5mg)在二氯甲烷(10mL)中的溶液中添加三氟乙酸(5当量,2.5mmol,191μL)。将反应混合物在21℃下搅拌30分钟,沉淀出黄色固体。TLC显示反应完成后,通过在开口烧瓶上方的流动空气来蒸发反应溶剂。固体用2mL的5:1己烷/EtOAc的溶剂混合物洗涤5至10次并通过TLC监测直至所有非极性杂质消失。最后,通过NMR检查产物的纯度。产物(208.5mg)以95%的收率分离。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.85(s,1H),8.47(m,2H),8.43(m,1H),8.09(s,2H),8.04(s,1H),7.35(dd,J=7.1,4.6Hz,1H),5.84(s,2H).13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.6,147.8,146.1,145.5,140.6,135.2,131.0(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),129.4,129.2,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),122.3,120.1,119.1,118.2,108.7,97.1,47.8.
以引用的方式并入
本文提到的所有出版物和专利据此以引用的方式整体并入,如同明确地和单独地指示每个单独的出版物或专利以引用的方式并入一样。在有冲突的情况下,将以本申请(包括本文中的任何定义)为准。
等效方案
虽然已经讨论了本发明的具体实施方案,但是以上说明书是说明性的,并非限制性的。在审查本说明书和以下权利要求后,本发明的许多变化将对于本领域技术人员变得显而易见。本发明的完整范围应该通过参考权利要求书连同其等效物的完整范围,以及本说明书连同此类变化方案来确定。
Claims (21)
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中至少一个A是N。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中恰好一个A是N。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法,其中R2是CN。
9.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法,其中R3是苄基。
10.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法,其中R3是苄基并且被一个或更多个R5取代。
11.如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法,其中R3被一个或两个R5取代,并且其中每个R5独立地选自氟烷基或氟基。
12.如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法,其中R3被两个R5取代,并且其中每个R5是三氟甲基。
13.如权利要求1-12所述的方法,其中R7是氢、羟基、卤基(例如,氯基)或酰氧基(例如,乙酰氧基)。
14.如权利要求1-13所述的方法,其中R7是氢。
15.如权利要求3-14中任一项所述的方法,其中所述烷基化试剂的离去基团W为卤基。
16.如权利要求3-15中任一项所述的方法,其中所述烷基化试剂的离去基团W为溴。
18.如权利要求1-17中任一项所述的方法,其中所述酰化试剂为磷酰氯。
19.如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的方法,其中所述缩合剂是2-氰基乙酸乙酯或2-氰基乙酸叔丁酯。
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