CN115051171A - Dual-frequency dual-polarization integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna and design method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna and a design method thereof. The array antenna provided by the invention adopts two different-frequency dual-polarized antenna units, corresponding feed networks are constructed for antennas in different frequency bands by carrying out distribution design on the antenna units, and the antenna array and the feed networks are integrated into a whole, so that the formed integrated dual-frequency dual-polarized array antenna can realize a dual-polarized phased array antenna in a 4.9GHz frequency band, a gain directional diagram is scanned from-60 to 60-degree wave beams in a horizontal plane and a vertical plane, and the isolation degree of main polarization and cross polarization is more than 19 dB; the dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna can also be realized in a 26GHz frequency band to form a multi-beam gain directional diagram, and the isolation between main polarization and cross polarization is more than 20 dB.

Description

Dual-frequency dual-polarization integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna and design method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna and a design method thereof.

Background technique

The array antenna consists of multiple identical antenna elements, which can realize pattern beamforming. The types of patterns of the existing dual-frequency array antennas are relatively single, and have the disadvantages of low gain and narrow beam coverage of the pattern. At the same time, since the dual-frequency array antenna is realized by a large number of different-frequency antenna units in the form of dislocation distribution, the isolation between the same-frequency or different-frequency antenna units is poor, and it is difficult to achieve the clamping of the pattern beam and the vertical axis of the antenna surface. The corners form a large angular offset, so conventional dual-frequency array antennas are not designed as phased array antennas. In addition, the dual-frequency array antenna is covered with different-frequency antenna units on the same horizontal plane, which will cause the problem of difficult feeding. Due to the lack of wiring space, this type of dual-frequency array antenna can usually only achieve single-polarization operation.

The array antenna is mainly divided into two parts: the antenna array and the feeding network. In the existing array antennas, connecting cables are generally used to connect the feeding network to the antenna array. This design will cause the antenna array to be separated from the feeding network and introduce many connecting cables. Especially for the phased array antenna, the circuit is more complicated due to the access to the phase shifter device. This dual-frequency array antenna is bulky and has many lines, which is not conducive to integration.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the first object of the present invention is to provide a dual-frequency dual-polarization integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna, by using two different frequency dual-polarization antenna units, the antenna array and the feed network are connected. Integrated integration.

Based on the same inventive concept, the second object of the present invention is to provide a design method of a dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna.

The first object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: a dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna, including an antenna array and a feeding network, the antenna array is arranged on the first dielectric sheet, The feeding network is arranged on the second dielectric sheet, the third dielectric sheet and the fourth dielectric sheet, wherein:

The antenna array includes a millimeter-wave antenna array and a low-frequency antenna array, and is arranged on the first surface of the first dielectric sheet in a preset arrangement. The millimeter-wave antenna array is staggered and distributed within the row and column spacing of the low-frequency antenna array; the low-frequency antenna array is a dipole Phased array antenna; the millimeter-wave antenna array is a dual-polarized multi-beam array antenna, including a first millimeter-wave antenna array and a second millimeter-wave antenna array, wherein the row spacing of the first millimeter-wave antenna array is the second millimeter-wave antenna The column spacing of the array, the column spacing of the first millimeter-wave antenna array is the row spacing of the second millimeter-wave antenna array, the row spacing of the first millimeter-wave antenna array is an integer multiple of its column spacing, and the column spacing of the second millimeter-wave antenna array The spacing is an integer multiple of the line spacing;

The first millimeter-wave antenna array is vertically polarized, and generates a single beam in the horizontal direction, and generates multiple beams in the vertical direction; the second millimeter-wave antenna array is horizontally polarized, and generates multiple beams in the horizontal direction, and generates a single beam in the vertical direction;

The feeding network includes a millimeter-wave feeding layer, a first low-frequency feeding layer, and a second low-frequency feeding layer, wherein: the millimeter-wave feeding layer is arranged on the first surface of the second dielectric sheet, and the first low-frequency feeding layer is arranged on the first surface of the second dielectric sheet. On the first surface of the third dielectric sheet, the second low-frequency feed layer is disposed on the first surface of the fourth dielectric sheet; the second surfaces of the first dielectric sheet, the second dielectric sheet, the third dielectric sheet, and the fourth dielectric sheet cover The metal layer serves as the metal floor for the feeding network;

The first dielectric sheet is press-fitted with the second surface of the second dielectric sheet, and feeding holes passing through the first dielectric sheet and the second dielectric sheet are arranged, and the millimeter-wave feeding layer feeds the millimeter-wave antenna array through the feeding holes ;

The third dielectric sheet is connected with the first dielectric sheet through a first wire, and the first low-frequency feeding layer feeds the low-frequency antenna array through the first wire;

The fourth dielectric sheet is connected to the first dielectric sheet through a second metal wire, and the second low-frequency feeding layer feeds the low-frequency antenna array through the second metal wire.

Further, the low-frequency antenna array includes a plurality of low-frequency antenna units; the plurality of low-frequency antenna units are arranged on the first dielectric sheet in the form of a matrix plane array distribution with a preset interval d as the unit spacing;

The millimeter-wave antenna array includes a plurality of millimeter-wave antenna units; the plurality of millimeter-wave antenna units are respectively arranged on the first dielectric sheet in two different matrix plane array distribution forms to form a first millimeter-wave antenna array and a second millimeter-wave antenna array ,in:

The millimeter-wave antenna units of the first millimeter-wave antenna array are vertically placed with a row interval of d and a column interval of d/3;

The millimeter-wave antenna elements of the second millimeter-wave antenna array are arranged horizontally with a row interval of d/3 and a column interval of d.

In the present invention, the row spacing of the first millimeter-wave antenna array and the column spacing of the first millimeter-wave antenna array are integer multiples, and the column spacing of the second millimeter-wave antenna array and the row spacing of the second millimeter-wave antenna array are integers Therefore, the vertically polarized first mmWave antenna array generates a single beam in the horizontal direction and multiple beams in the vertical direction, and the second horizontally polarized mmWave antenna array generates multiple beams in the horizontal direction and vertical direction. For a single beam, the integer multiple relationship is not limited to the optimally selected 3-fold relationship, but may also be a 4-fold or larger integer multiple relationship.

Further, the millimeter wave feed layer includes:

a vertically polarized millimeter-wave feed microstrip line structure for feeding the first millimeter-wave antenna array; and

A horizontally polarized millimeter-wave feed microstrip line structure for feeding a second millimeter-wave antenna array.

Further, it also includes an insulating support member disposed between the second dielectric sheet and the third dielectric sheet, and an insulating support member disposed between the third dielectric sheet and the fourth dielectric sheet. The set insulating support is a plastic gasket set on the edge of the dielectric sheet, and is fixed with plastic screws and plastic nuts.

Further, thickened dielectric sheets are provided on the metal floors of the third dielectric sheet and the fourth dielectric sheet.

Further preferably, the first metal wire and the second metal wire are both copper wires, and the second surfaces of the first dielectric sheet, the second dielectric sheet, the third dielectric sheet, and the fourth dielectric sheet are covered with a copper layer as a feeding network. The copper sheet floor; the feeding hole is a metallized hole; the copper sheet floor is provided with a first isolation ring with the metallized hole as the center, and a second isolation ring with the first metal wire or the second metal wire as the center.

The second object of the present invention can be realized by adopting the following technical solutions:

The above-mentioned dual-frequency dual-polarization integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna design method includes the following steps:

Design multiple identical low-frequency microstrip patch antenna units and multiple millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna units on the first dielectric sheet;

Design the antenna array arrangement, and combine multiple identical low-frequency microstrip patch antenna units and multiple identical millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna units to form a dual-frequency antenna array;

According to the arrangement form of the antenna array, the feeding network of the antenna array is designed, including the millimeter wave feeding layer, the first low frequency feeding layer and the second low frequency feeding layer, and the antenna array and the feeding network of the antenna array are formed into a dual-frequency dual Polarized integrated phased array and multi-beam array antennas.

Further, the antenna array arrangement form is designed, and a plurality of identical low-frequency microstrip patch antenna units and a plurality of identical millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna units are formed into a dual-frequency antenna array, which specifically includes:

The low-frequency microstrip patch antenna unit and the millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna unit are designed to be arranged in a matrix plane array distribution form;

According to the gain of the array antenna pattern, the interval d of the low frequency microstrip patch antenna is designed, and the matrix plane array distribution form of the low frequency microstrip patch antenna is designed according to the interval d of the low frequency microstrip patch antenna;

According to the matrix plane array distribution form of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna, the arrangement form of the millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna unit is designed; wherein, the row interval of the millimeter-wave antenna unit of the first millimeter-wave antenna array is d, and the column interval is d /3; the row interval of the millimeter wave antenna units of the second millimeter wave antenna array is d/3, and the column interval is d.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects with respect to the prior art:

(1) After the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna array and the millimeter-wave feed layer are laminated in the present invention, metallized holes are used to connect the millimeter-wave antenna array to the millimeter-wave feed layer; the low-frequency feed layer is made of plastic posts and copper wires It is fixed with the antenna array, and the low-frequency antenna array is connected with the low-frequency feeding layer by copper wires. The metallized holes facilitate the connection between the millimeter-wave antenna array and the millimeter-wave feed layer inside the double-layer PCB. The copper wire can not only play the role of connecting the low-frequency feed network and the low-frequency antenna array, but also achieve a certain degree of structural fixing effect.

(2) The dual-frequency dual-polarization feeding network designed by the present invention includes a millimeter-wave feeding layer and two low-frequency feeding layers; the millimeter-wave feeding layer uses a T-type microstrip line power divider, and the low-frequency feeding layer Use Wilkinson microstrip power divider and phase shifter chips instead of packaged individual devices and devices. The invention also designs the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array part, combining the antenna array and the feeding network, the size of the antenna array is consistent with the side length of the feeding network, and does not occupy any redundant position. The two parts of the antenna array and the millimeter-wave feed layer are connected through metallized holes inside the double-layer PCB. The antenna array and the two layers of low-frequency feed layers are connected by copper wires. There is no connecting cable between each part. The dual-frequency dual-polarization feeder The electrical network is divided into a millimeter-wave feed layer and a low-frequency feed layer with different feeding methods. The feeding structure design of the millimeter-wave feeding layer and the low-frequency feeding layer is matched with the designed millimeter-wave antenna array arrangement and the low-frequency antenna array arrangement respectively. Miniaturization, and is conducive to the integration of the array antenna.

(3) After the miniaturized and integrated design of the present invention, the performance of the low-frequency phased array and the millimeter-wave multi-beam array antenna can still be maintained very well. The dual-frequency array antenna can work at 4.9GHz and 26GHz, and is used as a dual-polarized phased array antenna at 4.9GHz. -20dB, the isolation of S21 and S12 is greater than 20dB; the feed port of the first layer of low-frequency feed layer can realize -45 degree polarization mode, and the main beam of the gain pattern can realize -60 to 60 degree beam in the horizontal two-dimensional plane Scanning, the maximum gain reaches 20.8dB; the feed port of the second-layer low-frequency feed layer can realize 45 degree polarization mode, and the main beam of the gain pattern can achieve -60 to 60 degree beam scanning in the vertical two-dimensional plane, and the maximum gain reaches 20.8dB, the main polarization and cross-polarization isolation is greater than 19dB; as a dual-polarized multi-beam array antenna at 26GHz, the feed port S11 of the vertically polarized millimeter-wave feed microstrip line is less than -20dB, and the horizontally polarized millimeter-wave The feed port S22 of the feeding microstrip line is less than -20dB, and the millimeter-wave dual-port isolation S21 is greater than 40dB; the gain pattern of vertical polarization has 5 beams in the vertical plane, and the maximum gain is 21.5dB; the gain of horizontal polarization The pattern has 5 beams in the horizontal plane, and the maximum gain is 20.7dB; the pitch angles of the 5 beams in the two planes and the central axis Z axis are -49, -22, 0, 22 and 49 degrees respectively, and the gain of the two planes The main polarization and cross polarization isolation of the pattern are both greater than 20dB.

Description of drawings

1 is an overall cross-sectional view of a connection structure of a metallized hole, a first copper wire and a second copper wire;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-frequency microstrip patch antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the parameters of the low-frequency antenna units S11 and S21 with frequency;

Fig. 5 is the main polarization and cross polarization diagram of low frequency antenna unit gain pattern;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the millimeter wave antenna unit S11 with frequency;

Fig. 7 is the main polarization and cross polarization diagram of the unit gain pattern of millimeter wave antenna;

8 is a schematic diagram of a dual-frequency antenna array in an embodiment of the present invention;

9 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the dual-frequency antenna array and the floor of the millimeter-wave feed layer after being pressed and integrated;

11 is a cross-sectional view of a connection structure of a metallized hole;

12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feed layer of the low-frequency phased array antenna in the embodiment of the present invention;

13 is a schematic structural diagram of the feed microstrip line structure and the phase shifter of the first low-frequency feed layer;

14 is a cross-sectional view of the connection structure of the first copper wire;

15 is a schematic structural diagram of the feed microstrip line structure and the phase shifter of the second low-frequency feed layer;

16 is a cross-sectional view of the connection structure of the second copper wire;

Figure 17 is a perspective view of a dual-frequency antenna array combined with a double-layer low-frequency feed layer;

Figure 18 is a perspective view of a dual-frequency antenna array, a millimeter-wave feed layer, and a double-layer low-frequency feed layer combined;

Figure 19 is an overall cross-sectional view of the assembled plastic stud, washer and nut;

Figure 20 is the input return loss and isolation diagram after the combination of the low-frequency feed layer and the dual-frequency antenna array;

Figure 21 is the main polarization and cross polarization gain patterns fed from the first low frequency feed layer;

Figure 22 is the main polarization and cross polarization gain patterns fed from the second low frequency feed layer;

Fig. 23 is a beam scanning situation diagram on the horizontal plane of the gain pattern fed from the first-layer low-frequency feed layer;

Fig. 24 is the beam scanning situation diagram on the vertical plane of the gain pattern fed from the second-layer low-frequency feed layer;

Figure 25 is the input return loss and isolation diagram after the millimeter-wave feed layer and the dual-frequency antenna array are pressed together;

Figure 26 is the main polarization and cross polarization gain patterns fed from the vertically polarized millimeter-wave fed microstrip line;

Figure 27 is a graph of the main polarization and cross polarization gain patterns fed from a horizontally polarized millimeter-wave fed microstrip line.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are protected by the present invention. scope.

Example 1:

As shown in FIG. 1 , this embodiment provides a dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna, including an antenna array and a feed network, and the antenna array and feed network are respectively set on the first dielectric sheet 1. On the second dielectric sheet 6, the third dielectric sheet 10, and the fourth dielectric sheet 15, wherein: the antenna array includes 128 millimeter-wave antenna units 5 and 64 low-frequency antenna units 2, and is arranged on the A first surface of a dielectric sheet 1; the feeding network includes a millimeter-wave feeding layer 7, a first low-frequency feeding layer 111, and a second low-frequency feeding layer 112, wherein the millimeter-wave feeding layer 7 is disposed on the second dielectric sheet 6 On the first side of the third dielectric sheet 10, the first low-frequency feeding layer 111 is provided on the first side of the third dielectric sheet 10, and the second low-frequency feeding layer 112 is provided on the first side of the fourth dielectric sheet 15; The copper-clad surface is used as the copper sheet floor 91, the second surface of the second dielectric sheet is covered with copper as the copper sheet floor 92, the second surface of the third dielectric sheet is covered with copper as the copper sheet floor 93; the second surface of the fourth dielectric sheet is covered with copper. Copper as copper sheet floor 94;

The first dielectric sheet 1 and the second surface of the second dielectric sheet 6 are pressed face-to-face, the metallized holes 4 pass through the first dielectric sheet 1 and the second dielectric sheet 6, and the millimeter-wave feed layer 7 passes through the metallized holes 4 to millimeter The wave antenna unit 5 is fed;

The third dielectric sheet 10 is connected to the first dielectric sheet 1 through the first copper wire 31, and the first low-frequency feeding layer 111 feeds the low-frequency antenna unit 2 through the first copper wire 31;

The fourth dielectric sheet 15 is connected to the first dielectric sheet 1 through the second copper wire 32 , and the second low frequency feeding layer 112 feeds the low frequency antenna unit 2 through the second copper wire 32 .

In this embodiment, the antenna units of the two frequency bands are microstrip patch antennas, and the antenna units of the dual frequency bands can realize dual polarization operation. Polarized multi-beam array antenna; the first dielectric sheet adopts F4BM plate, the relative permittivity of the plate is 2.2, the loss tangent angle is 0.001, and the thickness is 1.5mm.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the millimeter-wave antenna unit 5 is printed on the first surface of the first dielectric sheet 1 , and one side of the millimeter-wave antenna unit 5 is provided with a metallized hole 4 for feeding the millimeter-wave antenna unit 5 .

In this embodiment, the side length f of the millimeter-wave antenna unit 5 is 3.5 mm, the distance j between the center of the metallized hole 4 and the center of the millimeter-wave antenna unit 5 is 1.8 mm, and the diameter i of the metallized hole 4 is 0.38 mm. The millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna unit can work in the 26GHz frequency band, and the variation curve of the gain S11 of the millimeter-wave antenna unit with frequency is shown in Figure 6. It can be seen that the gain of the antenna unit at 26GHz is S11=-19dB. Figure 7 shows the main polarization and cross polarization of the millimeter-wave antenna unit gain pattern in the plane of Phi=0 and Phi=90 degrees. It can be seen that the maximum gain is 7.2dB, in the range of -9 to 9 degrees in the plane of Phi=0, The isolation between the main polarization and the cross polarization is greater than 20dB, and the isolation between the main polarization and the cross polarization is greater than 22dB in the range of Phi=90 degree plane -60 to 60 degrees.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the low-frequency antenna unit 2 is printed on the first surface of the first dielectric sheet 1 , and the low-frequency antenna unit 2 is provided with a feeding point of the first copper wire 31 and a feeding point of the second copper wire 32 .

In this embodiment, the distance e from the feeding point of the first copper wire 31 and the feeding point of the second copper wire 32 to the center of the low-frequency antenna unit 2 is 2.2 mm. In FIG. 2, the side length a of the antenna array and the side length of the antenna unit b. The distance c between the antenna units is the main parameter that affects the performance of the low-frequency antenna unit, where a=16.44mm, b=5.6mm, and c=1.4mm. The low-frequency microstrip patch antenna unit can work in the 4.9GHz frequency band, and the graph of the gain S11 and the isolation S21 of the antenna unit changing with frequency is shown in Figure 4. It can be seen that the gain of the antenna unit at 4.9GHz is S11≤-20dB, and the isolation between the two feed points is S21≥25dB. Figure 5 shows the main polarization and cross polarization of the low-frequency antenna unit gain pattern in the plane of Phi=0 and Phi=90 degrees. It can be seen that the maximum gain of the antenna is 7dB, in the range of -60 to 60 degrees in the two planes Main polarization and cross polarization isolation are greater than 20dB.

In this embodiment, the designed low-frequency phased array requires the gain pattern beam scanning range to be -60 to 60 degrees, and the millimeter-wave multi-beam array requires the gain pattern to have 5 beams in one plane. In order to avoid the low-frequency phased array antenna direction There are obvious side lobes in the figure, and the pattern of the millimeter-wave multi-beam array has other beams in and out of the plane. In order to avoid the strong coupling caused by the too small spacing of the antenna elements, the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array is shown in Figure 8, 64 The low-frequency antenna units 2 are arranged on the first dielectric sheet 1 in the form of an 8×8 matrix planar array with a preset interval d as the unit spacing to form a low-frequency antenna array; The distribution forms are arranged on the first dielectric sheet to form a first millimeter-wave antenna array and a second millimeter-wave antenna array, wherein:

The millimeter-wave antenna units 51 of the first millimeter-wave antenna array are vertically placed with a row interval of d and a column interval of d/3, forming an 8×8 matrix planar array, distributing the left half of the dual-frequency array;

The millimeter-wave antenna units 52 of the second millimeter-wave antenna array are placed horizontally with a row interval of d/3 and a column interval of d, forming a 4×16 matrix planar array, distributing the right half of the dual-frequency array.

Among them, the millimeter-wave antenna unit of the first millimeter-wave antenna array adopts the column spacing d/3, so that there is only one main beam in the horizontal plane (ie the horizontal direction) Phi=0 degree of the gain pattern of the first millimeter-wave antenna array, keeping the Low sidelobe level; using line spacing d, there are 5 main beams within the vertical plane of the gain pattern Phi=90 degrees;

Similarly, the millimeter-wave antenna unit of the second millimeter-wave antenna array adopts the row spacing d/3, so that there is only one main beam in the vertical plane (ie the vertical direction) of the gain pattern of the second millimeter-wave antenna array Phi=90 degrees , keep low sidelobe level; with column spacing d, there are 5 main beams within the horizontal plane of the gain pattern Phi=0 degrees;

The millimeter-wave antenna units of the first millimeter-wave antenna array are placed vertically to realize vertical polarization; the millimeter-wave antenna units of the second millimeter-wave antenna array are placed horizontally to realize horizontal polarization.

In this embodiment, the preset interval d is 31mm. Under the above preset interval, the isolation between the same-frequency or different-frequency antenna units is not less than 20dB, which avoids the strong coupling between the antenna units and deteriorates the performance of the dual-frequency antenna. At the same time, the low-frequency phased array antenna can achieve -60 to 60 degrees wide-angle pattern beam scanning, and the millimeter-wave antenna can achieve 5 beams in the plane.

In this embodiment, since the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna adopts dual-port dual-polarization feeding, it can realize dual-polarization operation by itself. Therefore, 64 elements are distributed in the form of an 8×8 rectangular planar array, and dual-polarization can be realized. The millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna uses a single-port feed, and can only achieve single-polarization work by itself, but dual-polarization can be achieved by using two millimeter-wave microstrip patch antennas placed perpendicular to each other. 64 horizontally polarized millimeter-wave microstrip patch antennas are distributed in a 4×16 rectangular planar array to realize horizontal polarization operation of the millimeter-wave antenna array; 64 vertically polarized millimeter-wave microstrip patch antennas are arranged in 8×8 The rectangular planar array distribution form realizes the vertical polarization operation of the millimeter-wave antenna array.

As shown in FIG. 9 , the millimeter-wave feeding layer includes a vertically polarized millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line structure and a horizontally polarized millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line structure, and is printed on the second dielectric sheet 6, wherein:

The horizontally polarized millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line structure 72 is a T-type microstrip line power division structure of 1:64, and feeds the second millimeter-wave antenna array;

The vertically polarized millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line structure 71 is a 1-64 T-type microstrip line power division structure, and feeds the first millimeter-wave antenna array.

In this embodiment, the second dielectric sheet adopts F4BM sheet, the relative dielectric constant of the sheet is 2.2, the loss tangent angle is 0.001, the thickness is 0.25mm, and the overall size is L×L=323mm×323mm. The relationship between the line width, under the thickness of the dielectric sheet, the width of the ohmic characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is small, which is beneficial to reduce the loss of electromagnetic waves in the microstrip line. At the same time, this plate type has a lower loss tangent angle, which can also reduce the insertion loss of the 1:64 T-type microstrip line power divider. The row-column spacing between the output ports of the T-type microstrip line power divider of 1:64 is d and d/3, which is consistent with the row-column spacing between the millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna units of the millimeter-wave antenna array, which is convenient for passing metal The hole is connected to the feed.

In this embodiment, the specific parameters of the horizontally polarized millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line structure and the vertically polarized millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line structure are different.

As shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 , the first dielectric sheet 1 and the second surface of the second dielectric sheet 6 are directly pressed face-to-face, and the metallized holes 4 pass through the first dielectric sheet 1 and the second dielectric sheet 6, and the millimeter wave The feeding layer 7 feeds the millimeter-wave antenna unit 5 through the metallized hole 4; on the copper sheet floor 91 of the first dielectric sheet and the copper sheet floor 92 of the second side, the metallized hole 4 is set as the center. The isolation ring 8 makes the metallized hole not in contact with the copper sheet floor 91 of the first dielectric sheet and the copper sheet floor 92 of the second dielectric sheet.

The millimeter-wave feeding layer 7 includes a horizontally polarized millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line structure and a vertically polarized millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line structure, wherein 64 feeds of the horizontally polarized millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line structure The interface is connected to the 64 millimeter-wave antenna units of the second millimeter-wave antenna array one-to-one through metallized holes, and the 64 feeding interfaces of the vertically polarized millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line structure are connected to the 64 millimeter-wave antenna elements of the first millimeter-wave antenna array. The millimeter wave antenna units are connected one by one through metallized holes.

In this embodiment, the second surface of the first dielectric sheet 1 and the second dielectric sheet 6 are face-to-face for PCB pressing, and the diameter of the first isolation ring 8 is 0.84 mm.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 , the first low-frequency feeding layer 111 is disposed on the first surface of the third dielectric sheet 10 , and the first low-frequency feeding layer includes nine 1:8 Wilkinson microstrip line power dividers and 8 A phase shifter chip 12 . The energy is input into the feeding network from port 1, and the input energy is equally distributed to 8 ports through the 1-to-8 microstrip line structure. These 8 ports are respectively connected to the input end of the voltage-controlled phase shifter chip. The output end of the device chip 12 is then connected to a 1-to-8 power divider of the same structure to divide the energy input into the feeding network equally into 64 ports.

In this embodiment, the Wilkinson microstrip line power divider of the first low-frequency feed layer adopts a 150-ohm 0402 type chip resistor, the spacing d of 64 output ports, and the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna of the low-frequency antenna array. Units are spaced uniformly to facilitate feeding via copper wire connections. The phase shifter chip 12 is a chip with adjustable output phase and small size. Its size is only 5mm×5mm. After integrating with the microstrip line power divider, the phase shifter can be realized only by adjusting the power supply voltage of the chip. The phase of the branch where the chip is located, and the phase shift range of the phase shifter chip is between 0 and 360 degrees, which meets the requirements of continuous scanning in the wide-angle domain of the beam. After integrating the phase shifter chip and the multi-channel power divider, the final performance is that the energy of port 1 is equally distributed to 64 ports, and each phase shifter chip controls the phase of 8 antenna elements in the same column. When the voltage changes, the phase of the phase shifter changes accordingly, enabling beam scanning of the gain pattern.

As shown in FIG. 14 , after a thickened dielectric sheet 13 is attached to the copper sheet floor 93 of the third dielectric sheet 10 , the first copper wire 31 passes through the first dielectric sheet 1 , the second dielectric sheet 6 , and the third dielectric in sequence. sheet 10, the third dielectric sheet 10 is connected with the first dielectric sheet 1 through the first copper wire 31, so that the first low frequency feeding layer 111 feeds the low frequency antenna unit 2 through the first copper wire 31; On the copper floor 93 of the second dielectric sheet, the copper sheet floor of the second dielectric sheet, and the copper sheet floor 93 of the third dielectric sheet, the second isolation ring 14 is set with the first copper wire as the center, so that the first copper wire is connected to the first dielectric sheet. There is no contact between the copper sheet floor of the second dielectric sheet and the copper sheet floor of the third dielectric sheet.

In this embodiment, the third dielectric sheet is made of F4BM sheet, and the thickened dielectric sheet is made of FR-4 sheet. The thickened dielectric sheet is used to thicken the first low-frequency feed layer, so the FR-4 sheet with good hardness and low price is used. The diameter of the first copper wire is 0.6mm.

In this embodiment, the distance between the third dielectric sheet thickening dielectric sheet 13 and the second dielectric sheet is h1=0.6 mm, and the diameter of the second isolation ring 14 is 1.08 mm.

As shown in FIG. 15 , the second low-frequency feeding layer 112 is disposed on the first surface of the fourth dielectric sheet 15 , and the second low-frequency feeding layer includes 9 1:8 Wilkinson microstrip line power dividers and 8 shifters Phaser chip 12 .

In this embodiment, the Wilkinson microstrip line power divider of the second low-frequency feed layer adopts a 150-ohm 0402 type chip resistor, the spacing d of 64 output ports, and the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna of the low-frequency antenna array. Units are spaced uniformly to facilitate feeding via copper wire connections. The phase shifter chip 12 is a chip with adjustable output phase and small size. Its size is only 5mm×5mm. After integrating with the microstrip line power divider, the phase shifter can be realized only by adjusting the power supply voltage of the chip. The phase of the branch where the chip is located, and the phase shift range of the phase shifter chip is between 0 and 360 degrees, which meets the requirements of continuous scanning in the wide-angle domain of the beam. After integrating the phase shifter chip and the multi-channel power divider, the final performance is that the energy of port 1 is equally distributed to 64 ports, and each phase shifter chip controls the phase of 8 antenna elements in the same column. When the voltage changes, the phase of the phase shifter changes accordingly, enabling beam scanning of the gain pattern.

As shown in FIG. 16 , after a thickened dielectric sheet 13 is attached to the copper sheet floor 94 of the fourth dielectric sheet 15 , the second copper wire 32 passes through the first dielectric sheet 1 , the second dielectric sheet 6 , and the third dielectric in sequence. The sheet 10, the fourth dielectric sheet 15, the fourth dielectric sheet 15 is connected with the first dielectric sheet 1 through the second copper wire 32, so that the second low frequency feeding layer 112 feeds the low frequency antenna unit 2 through the second copper wire 32. Electricity; on the copper floor of the first dielectric sheet, the copper floor of the second dielectric sheet, the copper floor of the third dielectric sheet and the copper floor 94 of the fourth dielectric sheet, a second isolation ring 14 is set with the second copper wire as the center , so that the second copper wire has no contact with the copper floor of the first dielectric sheet, the copper floor of the second dielectric sheet, the copper floor of the third dielectric sheet, and the copper floor of the fourth dielectric sheet.

In this embodiment, the fourth dielectric sheet is made of F4BM sheet, and the thickened dielectric sheet is made of FR-4 sheet. The thickened dielectric sheet is used to thicken the second low-frequency feeding layer, so the FR-4 sheet with good hardness and performance and low price is used. The diameter of the second copper wire is 0.6mm.

In this embodiment, the distance between the thickened dielectric sheet 13 of the fourth dielectric sheet and the third dielectric sheet is h2=0.8 mm, and the diameter of the second isolation ring 14 is 1.08 mm.

As shown in FIG. 17 , in this embodiment, the 64 output ports of the first low-frequency feeding layer and the 64 output ports of the second low-frequency feeding layer are respectively connected to 64 low-frequency antenna units in a one-to-one correspondence, so as to realize the low-frequency antenna unit. work in different polarizations.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a dual-frequency antenna array, a millimeter-wave feed layer, and a double-layer low-frequency feed layer combined together in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 19 , in this embodiment, based on the structure of the dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna, an insulating support disposed between the second dielectric sheet and the third dielectric sheet is further included. A component, and an insulating support member disposed between the third dielectric sheet and the fourth dielectric sheet are used to further fix the structure of the dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and the multi-beam array antenna. In this embodiment, a plastic gasket is arranged on the edge of the medium sheet for fixing, a plastic gasket 17 is arranged between the second medium sheet and the third medium sheet, and a plastic gasket is arranged between the third medium sheet and the fourth medium sheet 18, and fix it with plastic screws 16 and plastic nuts 19. In this embodiment, the height of the plastic spacer 17 is 0.6 mm, and the height of the plastic spacer 18 is 0.8 mm.

In addition to the above mentioned, the antenna structure and parameters of this embodiment can also be transformed as follows: the inter-frequency antenna unit can change the shape of the antenna pattern and the working frequency band, and the working frequency band is not limited to the 4.9GHz and 26GHz frequency bands; millimeter wave The T-type microstrip line can be replaced with a Wilkinson microstrip line, and the low-frequency Wilkinson microstrip line can also be replaced with a low-frequency T-type microstrip line. As long as the dual-frequency feed microstrip line is consistent with the working frequency band of the dual-frequency antenna unit The dielectric sheet can be replaced with other plates; the dual-frequency antenna array and the copper sheet floor of the millimeter-wave feed layer are pressed face-to-face, and the prepreg can be used for bonding; the dual-frequency antenna array and the double-layer low-frequency feed layer are fixed together , in addition to the combination of plastic studs, washers and nuts, you can also directly use double-sided plastic gaskets, as long as they play a fixed role.

To sum up, in this embodiment, after the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna array is combined with the millimeter-wave feed layer, metallized holes are used to connect the millimeter-wave antenna array to the millimeter-wave feed layer; the low-frequency feed layer is made of plastic posts. and copper wires are fixed together with the antenna array, and copper wires are used to connect the low-frequency antenna array to the low-frequency feeding layer. The metallized holes facilitate the connection between the millimeter-wave antenna array and the millimeter-wave feed layer inside the double-layer PCB. The copper wire can not only play the role of connecting the low-frequency feed network and the low-frequency antenna array, but also achieve a certain degree of structural fixing effect. Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the dual-frequency dual-polarization feeding network is divided into a millimeter-wave feeding layer and a low-frequency feeding layer, and different feeding modes are adopted respectively. The feeding structure design of the millimeter-wave feeding layer and the low-frequency feeding layer is matched with the designed millimeter-wave antenna array arrangement and the low-frequency antenna array arrangement respectively. Miniaturized and conducive to the integration of array antennas, the size of the entire dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna is L×L=323mm×323mm, the section height H is 5.72mm, and the 64-element low frequency The dual-polarized antenna unit finally has two feeding ports, and the dual-polarized array antenna composed of 128 elements also has two feeding ports. These four feeding ports are connected by SMA connectors, and the inner conductor of the connector is connected to the feeding port. The ports are connected with microstrip lines, and the outer conductors of the connectors are connected with the metal floors of the respective feeding layers.

In this embodiment, nine 1-point 8-microstrip line power dividers are used in a cascade structure, which is functionally equivalent to a 1-point 64-microstrip line power divider, and realizes that one feed port can supply 64 low-frequency microstrip patch antenna units. Feeding; adding a small and integrated phase shifter chip to the Wilkinson microstrip line structure, the output phase of the phase shifter chip can be adjusted, completing the beam scanning control part of the phased array antenna, avoiding the power divider Separated from the phase shifter, the integration and miniaturization of the dual-frequency dual-polarization feed network are realized. The low-frequency feeding microstrip line includes multiple 1:8 Wilkinson microstrip line structures, of which the output of one 1:8 Wilkinson microstrip line structure is connected to the input of the phase shifter chip in one-to-one correspondence, and the remaining 1 The input of the Wilkinson microstrip line structure divided into 8 is connected with the output of the phase shifter chip in one-to-one correspondence.

The antenna array of this embodiment is the same as the copper sheet floor of the feeding network, and a hole is set with a metallized hole or copper wire as the center as an isolation ring. There are plastic pillars to fix the two low-frequency feed layers together, which realizes the integrated and low-profile miniaturization design, and also completes the integrated design of the phased array antenna. Among them, the first isolation ring 8 is centered on the metallized hole, and the diameter of the metallized hole is only 0.38mm, so the isolation ring can be used with a diameter of 0.84mm; the second isolation ring 14 is centered on a copper wire, and the diameter of the copper wire is 0.6 mm mm, in order to avoid the contact between the copper sheet floor and the copper wire, the second isolation ring 14 should be larger, and 1.08mm is enough.

In this embodiment, as a dual-polarized phased array antenna at 4.9 GHz, the first-layer low-frequency feed layer feed port S11 and the second-layer low-frequency feed layer feed port S22 are both less than -20dB, and the isolation between S21 and S12 is are greater than 20dB, as shown in Figure 20. As shown in Figures 21 and 22, the main polarization and cross-polarization isolation of the dual-port gain pattern is greater than 19dB, and the maximum gain reaches 20.8dB. As shown in Figure 23, the feed port of the first layer of the low-frequency feed layer can achieve -45 degree polarization, and the main beam of the gain pattern can achieve -60 to 60 degree beam scanning in the horizontal two-dimensional plane; as shown in Figure 24 As shown, the feed port of the second-layer low-frequency feed layer can realize a 45-degree polarization mode, and the main beam of the gain pattern can achieve -60 to 60-degree beam scanning in a vertical two-dimensional plane; at 26 GHz, it can be used as a dual-polarized multi-beam array. Antenna, the feed port S11 of the vertically polarized millimeter-wave feed microstrip line is less than -20dB, the feed port S22 of the horizontally polarized millimeter-wave feed microstrip line is less than -20dB, and the millimeter-wave dual-port isolation S21 is greater than 40dB. As shown in Figure 25; as shown in Figure 26, the gain pattern of vertical polarization has 5 beams in the vertical plane, and the maximum gain is 21.5dB; as shown in Figure 27, the gain pattern of horizontal polarization has 5 beams in the horizontal plane beams, the maximum gain is 20.7dB; the pitch angles of the five beams in the two planes and the central axis Z axis are -49, -22, 0, 22 and 49 degrees, respectively, and the main polarization of the gain pattern of the two planes and cross-polarization isolation are greater than 20dB.

Example 2

This embodiment provides a design method for a dual-frequency dual-polarization integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna, including the following steps:

S10. Design multiple identical low-frequency microstrip patch antenna units and multiple millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna units on the first dielectric sheet;

In this embodiment, 64 identical low-frequency microstrip patch antenna units and 128 identical millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna units are designed. For each antenna unit, copper is clad on both sides of the first dielectric sheet, that is, copper is clad on the top and bottom layers of the first dielectric sheet, where the top layer is copper-clad as a radiating antenna, the bottom layer is copper-clad as the copper floor, and the dielectric sheet is clad with copper on both sides. F4BM board is used; two copper wires are used for dual-polarized feeding for each low-frequency microstrip patch antenna unit, and the top of the copper wire is connected to the top layer of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna of the first dielectric sheet. After passing through the first dielectric sheet and finally reaching the bottom copper sheet floor, a circular hole is set on the copper sheet floor with the copper wire as the center as the second isolation ring, so that the feeding probe has no contact with the bottom copper sheet floor; The wave microstrip patch antenna unit uses a metallized hole for feeding, and the top of the metallized hole is connected to the top layer of copper cladding of the millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna of the first dielectric sheet, and passes through the first dielectric sheet, and finally reaches the bottom layer For the copper sheet floor, a circular hole is set on the copper sheet floor with the metallized hole as the center as the first isolation ring, so that the metallized hole is not in contact with the underlying copper sheet floor.

S20. Design the arrangement of the antenna array, and combine multiple identical low-frequency microstrip patch antenna units and multiple identical millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna units to form a dual-frequency antenna array, specifically including:

S21. The low-frequency microstrip patch antenna unit and the millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna unit are designed to be arranged in a matrix plane array distribution form;

In this embodiment, 64 identical low-frequency microstrip patch antenna units are designed in the form of an 8×8 matrix planar array, and 128 identical low-frequency microstrip patch antenna units are designed to be divided into two groups, one of which is 8×8 8 matrix plane array distribution form, forming the first millimeter wave antenna array; the other group is 4×16 matrix plane array distribution form, forming the second millimeter wave antenna array;

S22. Design the interval d of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna according to the pattern gain of the array antenna, and design the matrix plane array distribution form of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna according to the interval d of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna;

The antenna array is composed of multiple antenna units. In this embodiment, the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array is composed of 64 low-frequency antenna units and 128 millimeter-wave antenna units. The antenna elements are arranged and distributed in a two-dimensional matrix form with appropriate spacing. According to the principle of pattern product, the final pattern parameter E(θ) of the array antenna is jointly determined by the array element pattern parameter S(θ) and the array factor f(θ), as shown in equation (1). The array element pattern parameter is the pattern parameter of the antenna element; the array factor is jointly determined by the location distribution of the antenna element and the feeding phase.

(1)

(1)

If the array is a uniform linear array with N array elements, the feeding amplitudes are equal, and there is only a uniformly varying feeding phase difference, the normalized array factor can be expressed by formula (2). In the array, the antenna elements can be compared to point sources. The point sources are distributed in a straight line. The distance between the point sources is d. The feed phase difference of the point sources is φ. , K is the electromagnetic wave propagation constant. The array pattern beam scanning formula is shown in equation (3), when ψ=0, it means that the two point source patterns are superimposed in phase and have the maximum gain.

(2)

(2)

(3)

(3)

Phased array antennas need to reasonably design the distribution positions of the antenna elements to avoid side lobes in the gain pattern. In the design of phased array antennas, in order to avoid the appearance of side lobe patterns, the spacing between antenna elements is required to satisfy the relationship shown in equation (4):

(4)

(4)

代表增益方向图波束扫描角度最大值。where λ is the working wavelength of the electromagnetic wave,

Represents the maximum beam scan angle of the gain pattern.

The distance d expressed by the formula (4) is an upper limit value, and the lower limit value cannot be too small. This is because the array antenna needs to consider the coupling problem between the antennas. In an antenna array, when two adjacent antenna units, one antenna unit radiates energy into space, the radiated energy propagates to another adjacent antenna unit, causing the latter to generate an induced current and changing its original current flow. and impedance. Similarly, when another antenna unit is working, there will also be a coupling problem. When all the radiating elements in the array antenna are coupled with each other, it will eventually produce huge and obvious reflections and deteriorate the pattern of the array antenna, making it unable to work normally. Therefore, the phased array antenna unit spacing d is too small, which will cause strong coupling between the array units and cannot work normally.

In this embodiment, the spacing d of the low-frequency antenna elements is set to be 31 mm.

S23, according to the matrix plane array distribution form of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna, design the arrangement form of the millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna units.

In this embodiment, the millimeter-wave antenna units adopt two spacings of d/3 and d, wherein the millimeter-wave antenna units of the first millimeter-wave antenna array are vertically placed with a row interval of d and a column interval of d/3; The mmWave antenna elements of the antenna array are placed horizontally with a row spacing of d/3 and a column spacing of d.

Under this antenna spacing, the isolation between the antenna units is greater than 20dB, the gain pattern beam scanning range of the low-frequency dual-polarized phased array antenna is -60 to 60 degrees, and the gain pattern of the millimeter-wave multi-beam array antenna is in the plane. 5 beams.

S30. Design a feeding network of the antenna array according to the arrangement form of the antenna array, including a millimeter-wave feeding layer, a first low-frequency feeding layer, and a second low-frequency feeding layer, and form a dual feed network of the antenna array and the antenna array Integrated phased array and multi-beam array antennas with dual-frequency polarization, including:

S31. Design a millimeter-wave feed layer on the second dielectric sheet. On the double-sided copper cladding of the second dielectric sheet, the top layer of copper cladding is used as a 1:64 T-type millimeter-wave feed microstrip line structure, and the bottom layer of copper cladding is used as a copper floor; the millimeter-wave feed microstrip line is divided into horizontal poles The millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line and the vertically polarized millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line; the horizontally polarized millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line feeds the horizontally polarized millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna, and the vertically polarized millimeter-wave The feed microstrip line feeds a vertically polarized millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna.

Next, press the copper sheet floor of the dual-band antenna array face-to-face with the copper sheet floor of the millimeter-wave feed layer, extend the metallized holes in each millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna unit, and make the metallized holes pass through the antenna The copper sheet floor of the unit passes through the copper sheet floor of the millimeter-wave feeding layer and the second dielectric sheet, reaches the millimeter-wave feeding microstrip line structure, and contacts with the microstrip line structure; A hole is set on the copper sheet floor of the millimeter wave feeding layer as a first isolation ring, and the metallized hole has no contact with the copper sheet floor of the dual-frequency antenna array and the copper sheet floor of the feeding network. There are two types of millimeter-wave microstrip patch antennas, and two types of millimeter-wave feed microstrip lines. Through metallized holes, horizontally polarized millimeter-wave microstrip patch antennas and horizontally polarized millimeter-wave feed microstrips The line structure is in contact, and the vertically polarized millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna is in contact with the vertically polarized millimeter-wave feed microstrip line structure.

S32 , designing a first low-frequency feeding layer. Clad copper on the top surface of the third dielectric sheet to form the first layer of low-frequency feeding microstrip lines, coat copper on the bottom surface of the third dielectric sheet as a copper floor, and attach a thickened dielectric sheet to the bottom of the third dielectric sheet The copper sheet floor is placed under the second dielectric sheet, and the thickened dielectric sheet faces upward; the first low-frequency feed layer is composed of multiple 1:8 Wilkinson microstrip line structures and multiple phase shifter chips; One of the multiple output terminals of the 1:8 Wilkinson microstrip line structure is connected to the input terminals of the multiple phase shifter chips in a one-to-one correspondence, and the output terminals of the multiple phase shifter chips are respectively connected with the other one The input ends of the 8-point Wilkinson microstrip line structure are connected in a one-to-one correspondence, so that the energy input to the feeding network from the input end of the one 1-point 8 Wilkinson microstrip line structure is equally distributed to the remaining A sub-8 output port of the Wilkinson microstrip line structure. After the design of the first low-frequency feed layer is completed, place it under the second dielectric sheet, with the thickened dielectric sheet facing inward, and then extend the first copper wire of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna unit to the first layer of low-frequency feed microstrip The copper wire is passed through the second dielectric sheet, the thickened dielectric sheet and the third dielectric sheet in sequence. With the first copper wire as the center on the copper sheet floor of the millimeter-wave feeding layer and the copper sheet floor of the first low-frequency feeding layer, a hole is respectively set as the second isolation ring, the first copper wire and the copper sheet of the dual-frequency antenna array are arranged. The sheet floor, the copper sheet floor of the millimeter wave feeding layer and the copper sheet floor of the first low frequency feeding layer are all without contact.

S33, designing a second low-frequency feeding layer. The design idea of the second low-frequency feeding layer is the same as that of the first low-frequency feeding layer, and the fourth dielectric sheet is used. The difference is that the positions of the nine 1-point 8-Wilkinson microstrip line power dividers in the second-layer low-frequency feeding layer are changed. . After the design of the second low-frequency feeding layer is completed, it is placed under the first feeding layer with the thickened dielectric sheet facing inward. Then extend the second copper wire of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna unit to the second layer of low-frequency feeding microstrip lines, and the copper wire passes through the second dielectric sheet, the first thickened dielectric sheet, the third dielectric sheet, the Two layers of thickened dielectric sheets and a fourth dielectric sheet. With the second copper wire as the center, a hole is set on the copper sheet floor of the millimeter wave feeding layer, the copper sheet floor of the first low frequency feeding layer and the copper sheet floor of the second low frequency feeding layer, respectively, and a hole is set as the second isolation ring, The second copper wire has no contact with the copper floor of the dual-frequency antenna array, the copper floor of the millimeter wave feed layer, the copper floor of the first low frequency feed layer, and the copper floor of the second low frequency feed layer.

S34. After the design of the two-layer low-frequency feed layer is completed, punch a few holes in the edge of the dual-frequency array antenna, the millimeter-wave feed layer and the double-layer low-frequency feed layer, and insert plastic studs, plastic spacers and plastic nuts. , the dual-frequency antenna array, the millimeter-wave feeding layer and the low-frequency feeding layer can be further fixed together, so that the dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and the multi-beam array antenna become a solid whole. The two-layer low-frequency feeding layer can realize the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna to work in different polarization modes, that is, dual-polarization operation; the millimeter-wave feeding layer also has two-polarized feeding microstrip lines. Finally, a dual-frequency dual-polarization integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna are designed.

Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments, and the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned embodiments, any suitable changes or modifications made by those of ordinary skill in the art, All are regarded as not departing from the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A dual-frequency dual-polarization integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna comprises an antenna array and a feed network, and is characterized in that: the antenna array is arranged on the first dielectric sheet, and the feed network is arranged on the second dielectric sheet, the third dielectric sheet and the fourth dielectric sheet, wherein:

the antenna array comprises a millimeter wave antenna array and a low-frequency antenna array, and is arranged on the first surface of the first dielectric sheet in a preset arrangement mode, and the millimeter wave antenna array is distributed in the row-column space of the low-frequency antenna array in a staggered mode; the low-frequency antenna array is a dual-polarized phased array antenna; the millimeter wave antenna array is a dual-polarization multi-beam array antenna and comprises a first millimeter wave antenna array and a second millimeter wave antenna array, wherein the row spacing of the first millimeter wave antenna array is the column spacing of the second millimeter wave antenna array, the column spacing of the first millimeter wave antenna array is the row spacing of the second millimeter wave antenna array, the row spacing of the first millimeter wave antenna array is in integral multiple relation with the column spacing thereof, and the column spacing of the second millimeter wave antenna array is in integral multiple relation with the row spacing thereof;

the first millimeter wave antenna array is vertically polarized, generates a single beam in the horizontal direction and generates multiple beams in the vertical direction; the second millimeter wave antenna array is horizontally polarized, generates multiple beams in the horizontal direction and generates a single beam in the vertical direction;

the feed network comprises a millimeter wave feed layer, a first low-frequency feed layer and a second low-frequency feed layer, wherein: the millimeter wave feed layer is arranged on the first surface of the second dielectric sheet, the first low-frequency feed layer is arranged on the first surface of the third dielectric sheet, and the second low-frequency feed layer is arranged on the first surface of the fourth dielectric sheet; covering the second surfaces of the first dielectric sheet, the second dielectric sheet, the third dielectric sheet and the fourth dielectric sheet with metal layers to serve as metal floors of the feed network;

the first dielectric sheet and the second surface of the second dielectric sheet are pressed, a feed hole penetrating through the first dielectric sheet and the second dielectric sheet is arranged, and the millimeter wave feed layer feeds electricity to the millimeter wave antenna array through the feed hole;

the third dielectric sheet is connected with the first dielectric sheet through a first metal wire, and the first low-frequency feed layer feeds the low-frequency antenna array through the first metal wire;

the fourth dielectric sheet is connected with the first dielectric sheet through a second metal wire, and the second low-frequency feed layer feeds power to the low-frequency antenna array through the second metal wire.

2. The dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna of claim 1,

the low-frequency antenna array comprises a plurality of low-frequency antenna units; the low-frequency antenna units are arranged on the first dielectric sheet in a matrix plane array distribution mode by taking a preset interval d as a unit interval;

the millimeter wave antenna array comprises a plurality of millimeter wave antenna units; the plurality of millimeter wave antenna units are respectively arranged on the first dielectric sheet in two different matrix plane array distribution forms to form a first millimeter wave antenna array and a second millimeter wave antenna array, wherein:

the millimeter wave antenna units of the first millimeter wave antenna array are vertically arranged at a row interval of d and a column interval of d/3;

the millimeter wave antenna units of the second millimeter wave antenna array are horizontally arranged at a row interval of d/3 and a column interval of d.

3. The dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and multibeam array antenna of claim 2, wherein the millimeter wave feed layer comprises:

a vertically polarized millimeter wave feed microstrip line structure for feeding the first millimeter wave antenna array; and

and the horizontally polarized millimeter wave feed microstrip line structure is used for feeding the second millimeter wave antenna array.

4. The dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna of claim 3,

the horizontally polarized millimeter wave feed microstrip line structure and the vertically polarized millimeter wave feed microstrip line structure are both T-shaped microstrip line power dividing structures.

5. The dual-frequency dual-polarization integrated phased array and multibeam array antenna of claim 1, wherein the first and second low frequency feed layers comprise low frequency feed microstrip lines and a plurality of phase shifter chips; the low-frequency feed microstrip line comprises a plurality of 1-to-8 Wilkinson microstrip line structures, wherein the output of one 1-to-8 Wilkinson microstrip line structure is connected with the input of the phase shifter chip in a one-to-one corresponding manner, and the inputs of the rest 1-to-8 Wilkinson microstrip line structures are connected with the output of the phase shifter chip in a one-to-one corresponding manner;

the first dielectric sheet, the second dielectric sheet, the third dielectric sheet and the fourth dielectric sheet are all F4BM plates with the relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and the loss tangent angle of 0.001, the thickness of the first dielectric sheet is 1.5mm, and the thickness of the second dielectric sheet, the third dielectric sheet and the fourth dielectric sheet is 0.25 mm.

6. The dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and multibeam array antenna of claim 1, further comprising an insulating support disposed between the second dielectric sheet and the third dielectric sheet, and an insulating support disposed between the third dielectric sheet and the fourth dielectric sheet.

7. The dual-frequency dual-polarization integrated phased-array and multibeam array antenna of claim 1, wherein the metal floors of the third dielectric patch and the fourth dielectric patch are each provided with a thickened dielectric patch.

8. The dual-frequency dual-polarization integrated phased-array and multi-beam array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first metal wire and the second metal wire are copper wires, and the second surfaces of the first dielectric sheet, the second dielectric sheet, the third dielectric sheet and the fourth dielectric sheet are covered with copper layers to serve as copper sheet floors of the feed network; the feed hole is a metalized hole; the copper sheet floor is provided with a first isolation ring by taking the metalized hole as the center, and is provided with a second isolation ring by taking the first metal wire or the second metal wire as the center.

9. The method of designing a dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased array and multibeam array antenna of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

designing a plurality of identical low-frequency microstrip patch antenna units and a plurality of millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna units on a first dielectric sheet;

designing an antenna array arrangement form, and forming a dual-frequency antenna array by a plurality of same low-frequency microstrip patch antenna units and a plurality of same millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna units;

according to the arrangement form of the antenna array, a feed network of the antenna array is designed, the feed network comprises a millimeter wave feed layer, a first low-frequency feed layer and a second low-frequency feed layer, and the antenna array and the feed network of the antenna array form a dual-frequency dual-polarization integrated phased array and multi-beam array antenna.

10. The method for designing a dual-frequency dual-polarized integrated phased-array and multi-beam array antenna according to claim 9, wherein an antenna array arrangement is designed, and a dual-frequency antenna array is formed by a plurality of same low-frequency microstrip patch antenna elements and a plurality of same millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna elements, and specifically comprises:

designing the arrangement form of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna units and the millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna units into a matrix planar array distribution form;

designing an interval d of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna according to the directional diagram gain of the array antenna, and designing a matrix plane array distribution form of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna according to the interval d of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna;

designing an arrangement form of millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna units according to a matrix plane array distribution form of the low-frequency microstrip patch antenna; the row interval of the millimeter wave antenna units of the first millimeter wave antenna array is d, and the column interval is d/3; the row interval of the millimeter wave antenna units of the second millimeter wave antenna array is d/3, and the column interval is d.

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