CN115045675A - Full-face tunneling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel or flat tunnel excavation equipment, in particular to a full-section excavation machine. The full-section roadheader includes a shield and an open propulsion support step change system, and the propulsion support step change system is used to drive the shield to move forward; The front shield and the back shield are connected by a plurality of direction-adjusting oil cylinders arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction. By arranging the shield in separate parts and setting up the steering cylinder between the front shield and the back shield, the length of the rigid section of the shield can be reduced to meet the needs of small turns and vertical variable-slope excavation.

Description

A full-section roadheader

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel or flat tunnel excavation equipment, in particular to a full-section excavation machine.

Background technique

The full-face roadheader (TBM) has the functions of continuous cycle operations such as rock breaking, propulsion, slag removal, support, and ventilation. , railway, rail transit, coal mine, metal mine and other roadway engineering construction.

In the process of tunnel construction, the driving route of the TBM needs to be changed according to the change of the tunnel design route, and the TBM is required to have the ability to turn horizontally with a small turning radius and change the slope of the vertical curve quickly; When the surrounding rock cannot stabilize itself, it is necessary to install steel bars, steel meshes, and bolts for temporary support. In particular, it is very necessary to quickly support the roof of the cave, which can prevent accidents such as falling and collapsing. At present, the structure of the open TBM is mostly as shown in the Chinese invention patent application with the application publication number CN103437775A and the Chinese invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN106499403B. The open TBM usually includes a shield, and the shield is equipped with a cutter head and a cutter head drive. , the rear of the shield is connected with an open propulsion support step change system (ie the main beam, propulsion cylinder, support shoe and saddle frame system in CN103437775A or the inner Kai, outer Kai, support shoe, propelling oil cylinder, rear support in CN106499403B) ), the propulsion support step change system can drive the shield to step forward. In the prior art, the open TBM can achieve short-space top-distance support, but the shields of the open TBM are mostly one-piece structures, and it is difficult to realize the functions of small turns (less than 100 meters) and fast vertical variable-slope excavation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a full-section roadheader, so as to solve the technical problem that the open TBM in the prior art cannot realize small turning and vertical variable-slope driving.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the full-section roadheader provided by the present invention is: a full-section roadheader, including a shield and an open propulsion support step change system, and the propulsion support step change system is used to drive the shield step. Advance forward; the shield includes a split front shield and back shield, the back shield is connected with the propulsion support step change system, and the front shield and the back shield are connected by a plurality of direction-adjusting oil cylinders arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, and each direction-adjusting oil cylinder is used for Adjustment is achieved by adjusting the angle between the central axes of the front shield and the back shield through telescopic cooperation.

Beneficial effects: By arranging the shield in separate parts and arranging a steering oil cylinder between the front shield and the back shield, the length of the rigid section of the shield can be reduced, and the use requirements of small turns and vertical variable-slope excavation can be met. Since the propulsion support step change system is an open structure, the surrounding rock can be processed behind the shield to achieve short-space overhead support, and can take into account the needs of turning and fast support.

Preferably, stabilizers for laterally supporting the wall of the hole are provided on the outer side of the back shield, each stabilizer includes an oil cylinder, and the expansion and contraction degree of the corresponding stabilizer can be adjusted through the expansion and contraction of the oil cylinder. A stabilizer is installed outside the backing shield. Whether it is straight or turning, the expansion and contraction degree of the oil cylinder can be adjusted so that the stabilizer is supported horizontally on the wall of the hole to ensure the stability of the backing during the driving process, and then the front shield is ensured by adjusting the oil cylinder. The angle does not change or the degree of the angle change is reduced, so as to improve the control accuracy of the horizontal turning attitude.

Preferably, the full-section roadheader further includes a support and reinforcement structure located at the top of the back side of the back shield, the support and reinforcement structure is used to reinforce the top of the hole wall corresponding to the circumference where the back shield is located, and the support and reinforcement structure includes a support and reinforcement structure for drilling the top of the hole wall. Bolt drilling rig into the bolt. The support and reinforcement structure can reinforce the top of the hole wall corresponding to the circumference where the backing is located, and can quickly reinforce the top of the hole wall after the excavation, and further reduce the length of the empty-top distance. When the full-face roadheader has both a stabilizer and a support and reinforcement structure, since the stabilizer will be supported on the cave wall and then the shield will move forward, when encountering a weak and broken stratum, the cave wall will be supported by the stabilizer. The instability of the cave wall, and the support and reinforcement structure can strengthen the top of the cave wall corresponding to the circumference of the back shield, which can make up for the instability caused by the cave wall being supported by the stabilizer, and ensure that the top of the cave wall will not fall off. Fall, collapse and other accidents, improve the stability of the surrounding rock of the cave wall, taking into account the control accuracy of the horizontal turning attitude and the stability of the surrounding rock.

Preferably, the support and reinforcement structure includes support shields movably assembled on the back shield in the up-down direction, at least two support shields are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the bolt drilling rig is used to pass through two adjacent support shields. An anchor rod is used in the gap between the shields, and the support shield has an avoidance position that can move downwards to put the steel mesh outside the backing, and has a pressing position that can move upwards to press the steel mesh against the wall of the hole. By setting the support shield, the steel mesh can be easily put in and compressed, and no manual maintenance is required, which reduces the safety risk.

Preferably, the top of the backing is provided with a steel bar storage structure, and the steel bar storage structure is used to store the steel bar extending in the front-rear direction. When in use, the rear end of the steel bar is directly or indirectly fixed on the hole wall by the anchor rod and Removed from the steel row storage structure as the shield advances. A steel bar storage structure is set on the top of the backing, which makes reasonable use of the space of the backing. The reinforcing bar can be automatically removed during the excavation process, avoiding the situation that the reinforcing bar is not easy to place and needs to be manually maintained.

Preferably, the reinforcing bar storage structure includes a backing storage groove provided on the rear end face of the backing, and the backing storage groove extends in the front-rear direction for inserting the reinforcing bar. By arranging a backing storage slot in the backing to form a reinforcing bar storage structure, the reinforcing bar can be stored under the condition that the outer diameter of the original backing is kept unchanged, which saves space and is simpler in structure.

Preferably, a plurality of the backing storage slots are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction, the backing shield is provided with a backing shield storage slot that runs through front and rear, and the backing shield storage slot is directly opposite to the backing storage slot in the backing. Arrangement, when in use, the steel bar in the backing storage tank corresponding to the gap between the adjacent support shields is directly fixed on the hole wall by the anchor rod, and the steel bar in the support shield storage slot and the backing storage slot passes through. The steel arch is indirectly fixed to the hole wall by the anchor rod. After the support shield storage slot is set, the steel bar row corresponding to the gap is directly fixed on the hole wall by the anchor rod, and the steel bar row staggered from the gap can be inserted into the support shield storage slot, and then fixed on the wall by the steel arch. Increase the number of steel bars in the circumferential direction to improve the support capacity.

Preferably, the support shield is mounted on the back shield so as to swing up and down, and a swing oil cylinder for driving the support shield to swing up and down is provided between the support shield and the back shield. The support shield swings up and down, the space occupied by the support shield is smaller when it is active, and the driving structure (such as the swing oil cylinder) that drives the action of the support shield is also better arranged.

Preferably, a telescopic shield is installed in the top of the front shield along the radial direction, and the full-section roadheader further includes a telescopic oil cylinder that drives the telescopic shield to expand and contract radially. The telescopic shield can be tightly supported on the cave wall at low pressure to ensure the stability of the front shield during the excavation process, and can support the top of the cave wall to stabilize the top surrounding rock and reduce the vibration of the cutter head.

Preferably, the direction adjusting oil cylinder includes a bottom adjusting oil cylinder at the bottom and a top adjusting oil cylinder at the top, and the number of the bottom adjusting oil cylinder is greater than that of the top adjusting oil cylinder. The shield will fall to the bottom of the cave due to its own weight. The number of cylinders that adjust the bottom to the top and the top to the cylinder can be designed to overcome the large friction between the shield and the bottom of the cave.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a full-section roadheader provided by the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a shield in Embodiment 1 of the full-section roadheader provided by the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of A-A section in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of B-B section in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of C-C section in Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of D-D section in Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of E-E section in Fig. 1;

8 is a schematic structural diagram of a shield in Embodiment 2 of the full-section roadheader provided by the present invention;

9 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the full-section roadheader provided by the present invention;

Fig. 10 is the schematic diagram of F-F section in Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is the schematic diagram of G-G section in Fig. 9;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the H-H section in FIG. 9 .

Description of reference numbers:

1. Front shield; 2. Cutter drive; 3. Cutter; 4. Hob; 5. Belt conveyor; 6. Telescopic cylinder; 7. Backing; 8. Steering cylinder; 9. Anchor drilling rig; 10. Propulsion Support step change system; 11, main beam; 12, propulsion cylinder; 13, saddle; 14, support shoe; 15, slide rail; 16, rear support; 17, front torque beam; 18, first torque cylinder; 19, Rebar row storage structure; 191, back storage tank; 20, rear torque beam; 21, swing cylinder; 22, support shield; 221, support shield storage tank; 23, telescopic shield; 24, stabilizer; 25, anchor rod Drilling rig mounting seat; 26, support shoe cylinder; 27, second torque cylinder; 28, rear support mounting frame; 29, rear support cylinder; 30, shoe plate; 31, inner Kai; 32, outer Kai.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention, that is, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" that may appear are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply these There is no actual relationship or order between entities or operations. Furthermore, terms such as "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes not explicitly listed or other elements inherent in such a process, method, article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "includes a..." etc. does not exclude a process, method, that includes the element.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" that may appear should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, Or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal communication between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention through specific situations.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "provided" that may appear should be understood in a broad sense. It is arranged separately from the body and connected to the body, and the connection can be detachable or non-detachable. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention through specific situations.

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

The specific embodiment 1 of the full-section roadheader provided by the present invention:

The full-section roadheader of the present invention has the advantages of small turning radius and high control accuracy of horizontal turning attitude, and can realize fast support with short empty head distance, and reduce or even avoid the falling blocks and collapse of the roof of the hole.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 , the full-section roadheader includes a shield on which a cutter head drive 2 and a cutter head 3 are installed, and a propulsion support step change system 10 is connected behind the shield, and the push support step change system 10 It can drive the shield and the cutter head 3 step by step.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the shield includes a front shield 1 and a back shield 7 arranged separately, the cutter head drive 2 is installed at the rear of the front shield 1, and the cutter head 3 is installed at the front of the front shield 1 and is connected with the cutter head. The disc drive 2 is connected, and the cutter disc drive 2 provides power for the rotation of the cutter disc 3 and plays a role of supporting the cutter disc 3 . A hob 4 is installed on the cutter head 3. The cutter head 3 drives the hob 4 to rotate and gives a certain thrust to the hob 4. The hob 4 squeezes the rock and peels off the rock, and scrapes the peeled rock under the rotation of the cutter head 3. into the belt conveyor 5 in the middle of the full-section roadheader, and the belt conveyor 5 transports the rock backwards by rotating. Among them, the structure and arrangement of the cutter head 3 , the cutter head drive 2 , and the belt conveyor 5 are all consistent with the prior art, and will not be repeated here. When the front shield 1 is adjusted, the cutter head 3 and the cutter head drive 2 are adjusted accordingly.

In order to ensure the stability of the front shield 1 when moving forward, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the upper part of the front shield 1 is provided with a radially retractable telescopic shield 23, the telescopic shield 23 is guided and assembled on the front shield 1, and the telescopic shield 23 A telescopic oil cylinder 6 is arranged between the front shield 1 and the telescopic oil cylinder 6 can be extended and retracted. When extended, the telescopic shield 23 can be driven to support the top of the hole wall, thereby ensuring the stability of the front shield 1 when moving forward. It should be noted that the telescopic shield 23 is held tightly by a low pressure, and the front shield 1 can still move forward after the top is pressed against the wall of the hole, and at this time the telescopic shield 23 is subjected to the frictional force of the wall of the hole.

The back shield 7 and the front shield 1 are connected by the direction adjusting oil cylinder 8, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, there are 10 direction adjusting oil cylinders 8 here, which are bounded by the horizontal plane passing the central axis of the front shield 1 and the back shield 7, The 10 steering cylinders 8 are arranged on both sides of the horizontal plane, 6 are arranged below the horizontal plane, and 4 are arranged above the horizontal plane. The reason why the number of steering cylinders 8 at the bottom is greater than the number of steering cylinders 8 at the top is that the front shield 1. The weight of the cutter head 3 and the cutter head drive 2 is relatively large, and they fall to the bottom of the hole under their own weight. It is convenient to push the components on the front shield 1 by setting more direction-adjusting oil cylinders 8 at the bottom.

The front end of the steering cylinder 8 is hinged with the front shield 1, and the rear end is hinged with the back shield 7. During the specific installation, by setting the hinge seat on both the front shield 1 and the back shield 7, the steering cylinder 8 can be connected with the hinge seat. The steering cylinder 8 can be extended and retracted. By controlling the different extension lengths of each steering cylinder 8, the steering function between the front shield 1 and the back shield 7 can be realized, that is, the clamping of the central axis of the front shield 1 and the back shield 7 can be changed. angle, so that the front shield 1 has a certain turning angle relative to the back shield 7. When the subsequent push-support step change system 10 pushes the shield forward, the front shield 1 can guide the shield and push the support step change system 10 to turn. Of course, in actual use, after the front shield 1 is adjusted in place, each direction adjustment cylinder 8 can be extended synchronously to realize the advancement of the front shield 1.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, two sets of torque beam mechanisms are arranged between the front shield 1 and the back shield 7, which can transmit the torque on the front shield 1 to the back shield 7. The torque beam mechanisms are arranged on both sides, and the torque beam mechanism It consists of a front torque beam 17, a rear torque beam 20 and a first torque oil cylinder 18. The front torque beam 17 is connected to the front shield 1, and the rear torque beam 20 is connected to the rear shield 7. There are two rear torque beams 20 in the same torque beam mechanism. The two rear torsion beams 20 are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the front torsion beam 17, and the first torque cylinder 18 is fixed on the rear torsion beam 20. The first torque cylinder 18 can be extended and retracted, and the first torque cylinder 18 is connected to the front torque beam. 17, the displacement between the front torsion beam 17 and the rear torsion beam 20 is limited, and the torque is transmitted.

The structure of the propulsion support step change system 10 is shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , the propulsion support step change system 10 includes a main beam 11 connected with the back shield 7 , a slide rail 15 is fixed on the main beam 11 , and the slide rail 15 is fixed on the main beam 11 . A saddle frame 13 is slidably assembled, a second torque oil cylinder 27 is arranged on the saddle frame 13, one end of the second torque oil cylinder 27 is connected with the saddle frame 13, and the other end is connected with a support shoe cylinder 26, and the support shoe cylinder 26 is connected with a support shoe 14 . A propulsion oil cylinder 12 is hingedly installed between the saddle frame 13 and the main beam 11 . The extension and retraction of the second torque oil cylinder 27 can realize the up and down swing of the saddle frame 13 and the main beam 11, so as to realize the up-down and down-direction excavation of the whole machine.

The rear end of the main beam 11 is connected with a rear support 16, the rear support 16 includes a rear support mounting frame 28 fixed on the main beam 11, and a rear support oil cylinder 29 is installed on the rear support installation frame 28. The shoe plate 30 is attached. When in the tunneling state, the rear support 16 is in the retracted state, the support shoe 14 supports the hole wall, and pushes the shield forward through the propelling cylinder 12, and one tunneling cycle is completed. , bear the weight of the main engine structure. At this time, the support shoe 14 is retracted, and the retraction of the propelling oil cylinder 12 drives the support shoe 14 to move forward, and then supports the hole wall to complete the step change process. The structure and usage of the propulsion support step changing system 10 are the same as those in the prior art, and will not be repeated here.

In order to ensure that the angle of the front shield 1 is stable during the direction adjustment and the overall excavation process, as shown in Figure 4, stabilizers 24 are fixedly installed on both sides of the back shield 7. The stabilizers 24 here include an oil cylinder and a top plate, and the oil cylinder can drive the top plate. Telescopic, the stabilizer 24 is installed at the waist position of the back shield 7 . The stabilizer 24 can play the role of stabilizing the backing 7 during the straight-line section of the excavation. During the turning section, by controlling the pressure difference between the oil cylinders on both sides, the two stabilizers 24 can be supported on the wall of the hole to assist. The function of turning is to play a reliable and stable support for the steering cylinder 8 to ensure that the front shield 1 will not shake. In other embodiments, two stabilizers on both sides may be arranged in a figure-eight shape, which can also be used to support the wall of the hole horizontally.

The stabilizer 24 is supported on the cave wall, and can play the role of stabilizing the back shield 7 and the front shield 1, but when encountering weak and broken surrounding rock, the surrounding rock cannot stabilize itself. After the wall is stressed, the instability of the surrounding rock will be aggravated, resulting in a fall or even a collapse accident at the top of the cave wall. As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 4 and Figure 5, a support and reinforcement structure is installed on the rear upper part of the back shield 7, and the support and reinforcement structure includes a bolt drilling rig 9 fixedly installed on the main beam 11. The rod drilling rig 9 is installed on the main beam 11 through the bolt drilling rig mounting seat 25 , and the rock bolt drilling rig 9 can swing around an axis extending back and forth to adjust the position where the rock bolt is drilled. The support reinforcement structure also includes a support shield 22 hinged on the back side of the back shield 7, the support shield 22 can swing up and down, a swing oil cylinder 21 is connected between the support shield 22 and the back shield 7, and the swing oil cylinder 21 can drive the support shield 22. Swing up and down. When the swinging oil cylinder 21 is retracted, the support shield 22 can be swayed down. At this time, the steel mesh can be placed on the outside of the backing shield 7. The hem of the support shield 22 provides space for the insertion of the steel mesh. After being put in, the swinging oil cylinder 21 When extended, the support shield 22 can be swung up to press the steel mesh against the wall of the hole. Among them, a plurality of supporting shields 22 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the bolts are driven into the surrounding rock from the gap between two adjacent supporting shields 22, and the steel mesh is pressed against the wall of the hole.

In the actual support, it is necessary to use the steel bar to cover the steel mesh, so as to improve the support capacity, and the steel bar is fixed on the hole wall through the anchor rod. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 , the support and reinforcement structure also includes a reinforcing bar row storage structure 19, where the reinforcing bar row storage structure 19 includes a backing storage groove 191 opened in the backing 7, and the rear end of the backing storage groove 191 is open, and the backing The storage tank 191 is capable of accommodating the bar rows extending back and forth. When in use, the steel bar is inserted into the backing storage slot 191, and the rear end of the steel bar is fixed on the rock wall through the anchor rod. When the shield advances, the steel bar is removed from the backing storage slot 191, and two adjacent ones in the front and rear direction. The steel bars are connected together by welding, and the steel bars are located under the steel mesh when in use, and play a role of supporting the steel mesh.

As shown in FIG. 4 , a plurality of backing storage grooves 191 are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction. Among the plurality of backing storage grooves 191 , some of the backing storage grooves 191 correspond to the gaps between two adjacent shields 22 . The reinforcing bar row in the storage tank 191 can be directly fixed on the hole wall (pressed on the reinforcing bar mesh) by the bolt. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 , a support shield storage slot 221 is provided in the middle of the support shield 22 , and the support shield storage slot 221 corresponds to the back shield storage slot 191 , and some steel bars are stored in the support shield storage slot 221 Penetrating into the backing storage tank 191, the rear end of the steel bar row of this part is fixed on the wall of the hole by the steel arch frame. Of course, the steel arch frame is also fixed on the wall of the hole by the anchor rod. The anchor rod is indirectly fixed on the hole wall. In actual use, it is necessary to penetrate the reinforcement row after the support shield 22 swings upward to press the reinforcement mesh against the wall of the hole. After the support shield storage slot 221 is opened, the reinforcing bars are arranged more closely in the circumferential direction, and the pressing effect on the reinforcing bar mesh is more reliable.

In the present invention, since the support and reinforcement structure is arranged close to the back shield 7, the steel mesh and the stabilizer 24 are actually in the same position in the front-rear direction during use. Even if the top of the surrounding rock is unstable due to the addition of the stabilizer 24, the It can be compensated by the support and reinforcement structure, taking into account the control accuracy of the horizontal direction, the stability of the surrounding rock, and the fast support of the short space head distance.

When in use, when the straight section is excavated, adjust the posture of each direction adjusting cylinder 8 to ensure that the central axes of the front shield 1 and the back shield 7 are parallel, and set the oil inlet and return chambers of the direction adjusting cylinder 8 to a pressure-holding state. The cutter head 3 rotates to scrape the exfoliated rocks onto the belt conveyor 5, and the belt conveyor 5 transports the rocks backward by rotating. The propulsion cylinder 12 is extended, and the propulsion force is transmitted to the cutter head 3 through the main beam 11, so that the cutter head 3 is continuously moved forward. During the excavation process, the telescopic shield 23 on the front shield 1 can be extended to stabilize the top. The function of surrounding rock and reducing the vibration of the cutter head; during the excavation process, the stabilizer 24 is extended and supported on the wall of the cave, which plays the role of a stable shield.

When the turning section is excavated, adjust the posture of each direction adjusting cylinder 8, adjust the central axis of the front shield 1 and the rear shield 7 to the required angle, and then set the oil inlet and return chambers of the direction adjusting cylinder 8 to the pressure-holding state. The cutter head 3 rotates to scrape the exfoliated rocks onto the belt conveyor 5, and the belt conveyor 5 transports the rocks backward by rotating. Adjust the extension length of the support shoe cylinders 26 on both sides, so as to adjust the posture of the main beam 11, the propulsion cylinder 12 is extended, and the propulsion force is transmitted to the cutter head 3 through the main beam 11, so that the cutter head 3 can be continuously moved forward. During the excavation process, the telescopic shield 23 on the front shield 1 can be extended to stabilize the surrounding rock at the top and reduce the vibration of the cutter head; during the excavation process, by controlling the extension length of the stabilizers 24 on both sides, the The stabilizer 24 is supported on the wall of the hole, and plays the role of assisting turning and improving the accuracy of turning attitude control.

In actual use, after adjusting the posture of each direction-adjusting oil cylinder 8 and the posture of the main beam 11, the oil inlet cavity and the oil return cavity of the propulsion oil cylinder 12 are set to a pressure-maintaining state. Extend each direction cylinder 8 synchronously, and push the cutter head 3 forward through the direction cylinder 8.

During the entire excavation process, the support and reinforcement structure reinforces the top of the hole wall as the case may be.

In this embodiment, when the support shield 22 swings downward, the steel mesh can be placed outside the backing shield 7, and the support shield 22 is in an avoidance position at this time; when the support shield 22 swings upward, the steel mesh can be compressed On the wall of the hole, the support shield 22 is in the pressing position at this time.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the shield includes a front shield 1 and a back shield 7, but in actual use, there may also be a middle shield between the front shield 1 and the back shield 7, and one or more middle shields are arranged at intervals. At this time, between the front shield 1 and the middle shield, between the middle shield and the middle shield, and between the middle shield and the back shield 7 are connected by a plurality of directional oil cylinders 8 .

The specific embodiment 2 of the full-section roadheader of the present invention:

As shown in FIG. 8 , the difference from Embodiment 1 is that in Embodiment 1, the direction adjusting cylinders 8 are arranged horizontally, and the front torsion beam 17 , the rear torsion beam 20 and the first torsion beam 17 pass between the front shield 1 and the rear shield 7 . A torque cylinder 18 transmits torque. In this embodiment, the steering cylinder 8 is arranged in a "V" shape between the front shield 1 and the rear shield 7. At this time, the front torque beam, the rear torque beam and the torque cylinder between the front shield 1 and the rear shield 7 can be eliminated. The “V”-shaped arrangement of the directional oil cylinders 8 can control the pressure difference between adjacent oil cylinders, which can not only provide thrust, but also overcome the counter torque of the rotation of the cutter head 3 . Wherein, for the form of the "V"-shaped arrangement, reference may be made to the Chinese invention patent application with application publication number CN108756913A.

The specific embodiment 3 of the full-section roadheader of the present invention:

As shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 , the difference from Embodiment 1 is that in Embodiment 1, the propulsion support step changing system 10 includes structures such as a main beam 11 , a support shoe 14 , and a rear support 16 . In this embodiment, the propulsion support step change system 10 includes an inner cap 31, the inner cap 31 is connected with the back shield 7, a slide rail 15 is fixed on the inner cap 31, and an outer cap 32 is slidably assembled on the slide rail 15, and the outer cap 32 is connected with the inner cap 32. A propelling oil cylinder 12 is connected between the Kai 31, and a rear support 16 is connected to the rear end of the inner Kai 31. The inner Kai 31, the outer Kai 32, the propulsion cylinder 12 and the rear support 16 can realize step-by-step propulsion. The propulsion support step changing system 10 in this embodiment is in the prior art, and details are not described herein again. In this embodiment, the steering cylinder 8 is arranged horizontally, and a front torque beam, a rear torque beam and a torque cylinder are arranged between the front shield 1 and the rear shield 7 . In other embodiments, the steering cylinders can be arranged in a "V" shape as shown in Embodiment 2, and in this case, the front torque beam, the rear torque beam and the torque cylinder can be eliminated.

The specific embodiment 4 of the full-section roadheader of the present invention:

The difference from Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 3 is that in Embodiment 1, the rock bolt 9 is installed on the main beam 11 , and in Embodiment 3, the bolt drill 9 is installed on the inner cap 31 . In this embodiment, there are only two supporting shields. In other embodiments, the bolting rig may not rotate, and the bolting rig may be installed on the backing in this case.

The specific embodiment 5 of the full-section roadheader of the present invention:

The difference from Embodiment 1 is that in Embodiment 1, the number of directional oil cylinders located at the top is smaller than the number of directional oil cylinders located at the bottom. In this embodiment, the number of the two is equal. In order to meet the needs of bottom propulsion and direction adjustment, a larger size steering oil cylinder can be selected as the bottom direction adjustment oil cylinder.

The specific embodiment 6 of the full-section roadheader of the present invention:

The difference from Embodiment 1 is that in Embodiment 1, the support shield 22 is mounted on the back shield 7 so as to swing up and down, and a swing cylinder 21 is provided between the support shield 22 and the back shield 7 . In this embodiment, a mounting frame is extended and fixed rearwardly on the back side of the backing, and a radially telescopic telescopic oil cylinder is fixed on the mounting frame. The supporting shield is installed on the telescopic oil cylinder, and the supporting shield moves up and down relative to the backing.

The specific embodiment 7 of the full-section roadheader of the present invention:

The difference from Embodiment 1 is that in Embodiment 1, a support shield storage slot 221 is provided on the support shield 22, and the support shield storage slot 221 corresponds to part of the backing storage slot 191 in front and back, which can increase the circumference of the reinforcement row. To arrange the quantity. In other embodiments, the support shield storage slot is canceled, and at this time, only the reinforcement row is inserted into the back support storage slot corresponding to the gap between adjacent support shields; when there are only two support shields, the back support storage slot can be used. There is only one.

The specific embodiment 8 of the full-section roadheader of the present invention:

The difference from Embodiment 1 is that in Embodiment 1, the reinforcing bar row storage structure 19 includes a backing storage tank 191 . In other embodiments, the steel bar storage structure may be a storage box additionally installed outside the backing. In this case, in order to facilitate laying a steel mesh between the storage box and the hole wall, the outer diameter of the backing may be reduced.

The specific embodiment 9 of the full-section roadheader of the present invention:

The difference from Embodiment 1 is that in Embodiment 1, the full-face roadheader includes a steel bar row storage structure 19 . In this embodiment, the storage structure of the steel bar is cancelled, and the steel bar is inserted between the already laid steel mesh and the outside of the backing and waits for the anchor rod to be fixed during use.

The specific embodiment 10 of the full-section roadheader of the present invention:

The difference from Embodiment 1 is that in Embodiment 1, the full-section roadheader includes a support shield 22 that can move up and down, and the support shield 22 has an escape position and a pressing position. In this embodiment, the support shield is cancelled, the steel mesh is artificially laid on the outside of the backing, and the steel mesh is temporarily supported by structures such as ejector rods.

The specific embodiment 11 of the full-section roadheader of the present invention:

The difference from Embodiment 1 is that in Embodiment 1, the full-section roadheader includes a support and reinforcement structure at the top of the rear side of the back shield, and the support and reinforcement structure can reinforce the top of the hole wall corresponding to the circumference of the back shield. In this embodiment, the position of the support and reinforcement structure may be adjusted backwards, or, when the surrounding rock is relatively stable, the support and reinforcement structure may also be canceled.

The specific embodiment 12 of the full-section roadheader of the present invention:

The difference from Embodiment 1 is that, in Embodiment 1, the outside of the back shield is provided with a stabilizer that laterally supports the wall of the hole. In this embodiment, the stabilizer outside the backing is canceled, and the backing is stabilized by means of a propulsion support step change system.

Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments without creative labor, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A full-face tunneling machine comprises a shield and an open type propelling support step-changing system (10), wherein the propelling support step-changing system (10) is used for driving the shield to advance in a stepping mode; the method is characterized in that: the shield includes anterior shield (1), back shield (7) of components of a whole that can function independently, and back shield (7) support system of stepping changing (10) with advancing and link to each other, and a plurality of accent that arrange along circumference interval between anterior shield (1), the back shield (7) link to each other to hydro-cylinder (8), and each is transferred to hydro-cylinder (8) and is used for flexible cooperation to realize transferring with the contained angle of adjusting anterior shield (1), back shield (7) the central axis.

2. A full face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, wherein: the outer side of the rear shield (7) is provided with stabilizers (24) used for transversely supporting the tunnel wall, each stabilizer (24) comprises an oil cylinder, and the telescopic degree of the corresponding stabilizer (24) can be adjusted through the telescopic action of the oil cylinder.

3. A full face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the full-section heading machine further comprises a supporting and reinforcing structure located at the top of the rear side of the rear shield (7), the supporting and reinforcing structure is used for reinforcing the top of the hole wall corresponding to the circumference where the rear shield (7) is located, and the supporting and reinforcing structure comprises a jumbolter (9) used for driving an anchor rod into the top of the hole wall.

4. A full face tunnel boring machine according to claim 3 wherein: support reinforced structure and include along upper and lower direction movable mounting support shield (22) on back shield (7), support shield (22) are arranged at least two along the circumference interval, the roofbolter is used for beating the stock through the clearance between two adjacent support shields (22), support shield (22) have downward activity with the position of dodging of putting into the reinforcing bar net in back shield (7) outside, still have the pressure tight position of upwards moving about in order to compress tightly the reinforcing bar net on the hole wall.

5. The full face tunnel boring machine of claim 4, wherein: the top of back shield (7) is equipped with reinforcing bar row and stores structure (19), and reinforcing bar row stores structure (19) and is used for storing the reinforcing bar row that extends along the fore-and-aft direction, and during the use, reinforcing bar row rear end is directly or indirectly fixed in the hole wall by the stock and is shifted out in storing structure (19) by reinforcing bar row when the shield gos forward.

6. A full face tunnel boring machine according to claim 5 wherein: the reinforcing steel bar row storage structure (19) comprises a rear shield storage groove (191) formed in the end face of the rear end of the rear shield (7), and the rear shield storage groove (191) extends in the front-rear direction to allow a reinforcing steel bar row to be inserted.

7. A full face tunnel boring machine according to claim 6, wherein: the back shield hold up tank (191) have arranged a plurality ofly in proper order along circumference, be equipped with the back shield hold up tank (221) that link up around in the support shield (22), the reinforcing bar in the back shield hold up tank (191) that corresponds before and after the clearance between the shield (22) is arranged by the stock on the hole wall directly fixed in, insert simultaneously and prop up shield hold up tank (221), reinforcing bar in the back shield hold up tank (191) of back shield hold up tank (191) and adjacent support shield (22) arranges by the stock indirectly be fixed in on the hole wall through the steel bow member.

8. The full face tunnel boring machine of claim 4, wherein: the support shield (22) is assembled on the rear shield (7) in a vertically swinging mode, and a swinging oil cylinder (21) used for driving the support shield (22) to vertically swing is arranged between the support shield (22) and the rear shield (7).

9. A full face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the full-section heading machine is characterized in that a telescopic shield (23) is assembled in the top of the front shield (1) in a radial moving mode, the full-section heading machine further comprises a telescopic oil cylinder (6) for driving the telescopic shield (23) to stretch radially, and the telescopic oil cylinder (6) is used for driving the telescopic shield (23) to prop at the top of the tunnel wall.

10. A full face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the direction-adjusting oil cylinders (8) comprise bottom direction-adjusting oil cylinders positioned at the bottom and top direction-adjusting oil cylinders positioned at the top, and the number of the bottom direction-adjusting oil cylinders is larger than that of the top direction-adjusting oil cylinders.

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