CN115024177A - Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115024177A CN115024177A CN202210842216.7A CN202210842216A CN115024177A CN 115024177 A CN115024177 A CN 115024177A CN 202210842216 A CN202210842216 A CN 202210842216A CN 115024177 A CN115024177 A CN 115024177A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- flue
- cured tobacco
- leaves
- fertilizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 amide ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium borate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 23
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006286 nutrient intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013348 organic food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008288 physiological mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B15/00—Organic phosphatic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, selection of flue-cured tobacco planting fields, S2, ridging, S3, transplanting, S4, topping, S5, management and S6, harvesting and baking. The invention also discloses the flue-cured tobacco obtained according to the cultivation method of the flue-cured tobacco. The cultivation method of the flue-cured tobacco disclosed by the invention has the advantages of good tobacco quality, low insect pest rate and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco planting, in particular to a cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco.
Background
Flue-cured tobacco is one of important economic crops planted in large area in China, and the planting area and the yield of the flue-cured tobacco are in the top of the world. It is a cultivation crop aiming at picking leaves, so all cultivation measures are centered on improving the quality of tobacco leaves, and the most prominent problem in the production of flue-cured tobacco is the contradiction between yield and quality. Generally, the higher the yield, the worse the quality, but not to say, the lower the yield, the better the quality. Therefore, in the flue-cured tobacco cultivation process, the quality is guaranteed as the core according to the characteristics of flue-cured tobacco cultivation while the yield is stabilized.
Currently, optimizing the tobacco leaf structure and enhancing the effective supply capacity of high-quality tobacco leaves in the tobacco leaf production process become important strategic deployment in each tobacco leaf main production area and important measures for effectively solving the contradiction of raw material requirements. Timely elimination of tobacco plant bottom leaves and scientific topping are effective technical measures for optimizing the structure of tobacco leaves, promoting the occurrence of transcendental compensation reaction and obviously prolonging the service life of nutrients of the tobacco leaves. However, in the existing flue-cured tobacco cultivation method, after the apical dominance is removed by topping, the distribution and action of endogenous hormones in tobacco plants are changed, the content of a key quality element, namely potassium element in tobacco leaves is obviously reduced, the quality improvement is not facilitated, and meanwhile, after the apical dominance is removed by topping, the root systems of the tobacco plants are promoted to absorb a large amount of soil nitrogen, so that the single leaf weight of the upper tobacco leaves is too large, the nicotine content is higher, and accordingly, the leaf stiffness, the tissue structure is compact, the leaf thickness is too thick, the leaf thickness is narrow, and the industrial usability value is influenced. In addition, the existing flue-cured tobacco cultivation method has the defects of further improvement of tobacco leaf quality, high insect pest rate of the tobacco leaves, slow growth and low yield.
In order to solve the above problems, patent CN102812832B discloses a cultivation method of organic flue-cured tobacco, which comprises: (1) selecting an organic flue-cured tobacco planting base; (2) pretreating an organic flue-cured tobacco planting base; (3) sterilizing, sowing and raising seedlings; (4) planting organic flue-cured tobacco; (5) managing the organic flue-cured tobacco after planting; (6) and (4) harvesting the organic flue-cured tobacco. The flue-cured tobacco produced by the method provided by the invention meets the technical requirements of organic food, the internal chemical components of the tobacco are more coordinated, the quality of the tobacco is integrally improved, and the effect is as follows: the nicotine, total nitrogen and protein of the organic tobacco leaves are obviously reduced,
especially the sugar content of the upper leaves is increased; the total amount of aromatic substances of the organic tobacco leaves is higher than that of the conventional tobacco leaves; the smoking quality of the organic tobacco leaves is obviously superior to that of the conventional tobacco leaves; the sensory quality of the upper leaves is obviously improved. However, the cultivation method still has the technical problems of high insect pest rate, slow growth and low yield of the tobacco leaves.
Therefore, the development of the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method with good tobacco quality, low insect pest rate and high yield meets market demands, has wide market value and application prospect, and has very important significance for promoting the development of flue-cured tobacco production technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the technical defects and shortcomings of the prior art that the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method is labor-consuming and time-consuming, the quality of tobacco leaves needs to be further improved, the insect pest rate of the tobacco leaves is high, the tobacco leaves grow slowly and the yield is low, and provides the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method which is good in quality of the tobacco leaves, low in insect pest rate and high in yield according to the growth characteristics of the tobacco plants and the physiological mechanism of axillary bud germination and growth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selection of flue-cured tobacco planting land: according to local hydrogeology and climatic conditions, selecting brown soil with the pH value of 5.0-6.0 as a planting field, wherein inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide are not applied to the planting field in the previous three years;
step S2, ridging: firstly, leveling and deeply ploughing the land, ploughing to a ploughing depth of 30-50 cm, and then ridging and digging pits to ensure that the pit spacing is 120 x 55 cm;
step S3, transplanting: before tobacco seedlings are transplanted, farmyard manure is applied, soil is covered, the compartment surface is kept flat, and soil particles are finely ground; using self-made fertilizer as upper fertilizer and fully and uniformly mixing with fine soil, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings; reasonably close planting according to the variety characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco;
step S4, topping: removing 2-6 pieces of bottom leaves 30-40 days after transplantation, and topping in bud period (50-65 days after transplantation) to leave 10 leaves;
step S5, management: other field management methods such as fertilization, intertillage weeding, pest control and the like except topping are carried out by adopting the high-quality tobacco planting technology in each existing tobacco producing area;
step S6, harvesting and baking: according to the maturity, from the lower tobacco leaves, harvesting one mature tobacco leaf; then the baking is carried out according to the prior high-quality tobacco leaf baking technology.
Preferably, in step S1, the brown soil has an organic matter content of 2.092 wt%, total nitrogen of 0.167 wt%, total phosphorus of 0.063 wt%, total potassium of 2.285 wt%, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of 103.8mg/kg, available phosphorus of 42.8mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium of 201.6 mg/kg.
Preferably, the tobacco seedlings in step S3 are Liaoyan No. 17 tobacco seedlings.
Preferably, the transplanting in the step S3 adopts a one-ridge two-row flue-cured tobacco cultivation mode or a conventional one-row ridge cultivation.
Preferably, the self-made fertilizer in the step S3 is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphate amide ester, 0.3-0.6 part of betaine, 6-8 parts of potassium borate, 2-4 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.1-0.3 part of 5' -adenosine triphosphate and 1-2 parts of chitosan.
Preferably, the hyperbranched polyphosphate amide ester is prepared according to the method in example 1 of patent CN 103360605B.
Preferably, the number average molecular weight of the chitosan is 8-15 ten thousand, and the substitution degree is 80-90%.
Preferably, the topping in step S4 is to remove 6 bottom leaves 30 days after transplantation, and carry out topping at the early stage of budding (50-55 days after transplantation) with 10 leaves remaining.
Preferably, in the step S5, the fertilizer is applied specifically 0.8-1.2kg per plant, and the fertilizer application interval is 1-2 months.
The invention also aims to provide the flue-cured tobacco obtained by the cultivation method of the seed flue-cured tobacco.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the cultivation method of the flue-cured tobacco provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, convenience in operation, no need of special equipment, low energy consumption and labor intensity, small influence on the environment and capability of realizing good unification of economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
(2) According to the cultivation method of the flue-cured tobacco, the obtained tobacco leaves are good in quality, low in insect pest rate and high in yield through reasonable selection of process parameters in the cultivation process.
(3) According to the cultivation method of the flue-cured tobacco, the tobacco leaf structure is optimized, the effective supply capacity of high-quality tobacco leaves is enhanced, the bottom leaves of tobacco plants are eliminated timely, the over-compensation reaction is promoted to occur, the service life of nutrients of the tobacco plants is prolonged remarkably, and the yield and the tobacco quality are increased through reasonable and scientific selection of a topping process.
(4) The invention provides a flue-cured tobacco cultivation method, wherein the self-made fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphate amide ester, 0.3-0.6 part of betaine, 6-8 parts of potassium borate, 2-4 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.1-0.3 part of 5' -adenosine triphosphate and 1-2 parts of chitosan. Through the mutual matching effect of the components, the fertilizer efficiency can be enhanced, the slow release effect is realized, the yield and the tobacco quality can be increased, and the pest and disease damage rate is reduced.
(5) According to the cultivation method of the flue-cured tobacco, provided by the invention, the measures of removing more leaves and topping at the bud early stage are taken in advance, so that the growth vigor of tobacco plants is improved, and the grade structure of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is optimized; the tobacco plants are broken in the growth and development rhythm by bottoming and topping in a proper cultivation process, the generation of the over-compensation effect existing in the tobacco plants is excited, the tobacco plants continue to keep the vegetative growth, and the reproductive growth process is delayed; after the bottom leaves are removed, nutrient conveying paths in tobacco plants are changed from stems to the removed leaf parts, so that the nutrients of the tobacco plants are redistributed to the leaves with harvest value, the bottom leaves are knocked off too late, the nutrient absorption amount of the stems of the tobacco plants is increased, the plant heights are higher, and when an over-compensation effect occurs, the nutrient absorption amount of the regrown leaves is small, and the growth and development degree of the leaves of the tobacco plants is influenced; the tobacco plants are black and violent due to the fact that nutrient consumption is not finished and the over-compensation effect occurs when the tobacco plants are topped too early, and a large amount of nutrient substances are diverted to reproductive organs by the tobacco plants when the tobacco plants are topped too late, particularly the tobacco plants with open central flowers, and the vegetative growth is converted into reproductive growth. And (3) topping at the bud initial stage, timely removing the reproductive organs of the tobacco plants, and promoting the nutrient to continuously flow to the leaves after the transcendental compensation effect occurs, so that the tobacco plants fully grow and develop and accumulate the nutrient.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.
The hyperbranched polyphosphate amide esters in the embodiments of the invention are prepared by the method in the embodiment 1 of patent CN 103360605B.
Example 1
A cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, selection of flue-cured tobacco planting land: according to local hydrogeology and climatic conditions, selecting brown soil with the pH value of 5.0 as a planting field, wherein inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide are not applied to the planting field in the first three years;
step S2, ridging: firstly, leveling and deeply ploughing the land, ploughing to a depth of 30cm, then ridging and digging pits,
making the distance between the nests 120X 55 cm;
step S3, transplanting: before tobacco seedlings are transplanted, farmyard manure is applied, soil is covered, the compartment surface is kept flat, and soil particles are finely ground; using self-made fertilizer as upper fertilizer and fully and uniformly mixing the upper fertilizer with fine soil, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings; reasonably close planting according to the variety characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco;
step S4, topping: removing 6 bottom leaves 30 days after transplantation, and topping in bud period (50 days after transplantation) to leave 10 leaves;
step S5, management: other field management methods such as fertilization, intertillage weeding, pest control and the like except topping are carried out by adopting the high-quality tobacco planting technology in each existing tobacco producing area;
step S6, harvesting and baking: according to the maturity, from the lower tobacco leaves, harvesting one mature tobacco leaf; then the baking is carried out according to the prior high-quality tobacco leaf baking technology.
In step S1, the brown soil contains 2.092 wt% of organic matter, 0.167 wt% of total nitrogen, 0.063 wt% of total phosphorus, 2.285 wt% of total potassium, 103.8mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 42.8mg/kg of available phosphorus and 201.6mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.
In the step S3, the tobacco seedlings are Liaoyan No. 17 tobacco seedlings; the flue-cured tobacco cultivation mode of one ridge and two lines is adopted in the transplanting.
The self-made fertilizer in the step S3 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphazene amide ester, 0.3 part of betaine, 6 parts of potassium borate, 2 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.1 part of 5' -adenosine triphosphate and 1 part of chitosan.
The number average molecular weight of the chitosan is 8 ten thousand, and the substitution degree is 80%.
In the step S5, the fertilizer application is specifically that each plant is applied with 0.8kg of fertilizer, and the fertilizer application interval is 1 month.
The flue-cured tobacco obtained according to the cultivation method of the seed flue-cured tobacco.
Example 2
A method for cultivating flue-cured tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, selection of flue-cured tobacco planting land: according to local hydrogeology and climatic conditions, selecting brown soil with the pH value of 5.2 as a planting field, wherein inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide are not applied to the planting field in the first three years;
step S2, ridging: firstly, leveling and deeply ploughing the land, ploughing to a ploughing depth of 35cm, and then ridging and digging pits to ensure that the inter-pit distance is 120 multiplied by 55 cm;
step S3, transplanting: before tobacco seedlings are transplanted, farmyard manure is applied, soil is covered, the compartment surface is kept flat, and soil particles are finely ground; using self-made fertilizer as upper fertilizer and fully and uniformly mixing with fine soil, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings; reasonably close planting according to the variety characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco;
step S4, topping: removing 2 bottom leaves 30-40 days after transplantation, topping in bud period (55 days after transplantation), and removing 4 bottom leaves with the number of leaves being 10;
step S5, management: other field management methods such as fertilization, intertillage weeding, pest control and the like except topping are carried out by adopting the high-quality tobacco planting technology in each existing tobacco producing area;
step S6, harvesting and baking: according to the maturity, from the lower tobacco leaves, harvesting one mature tobacco leaf; then the baking is carried out according to the prior high-quality tobacco leaf baking technology.
In step S1, the brown soil contains 2.092 wt% of organic matter, 0.167 wt% of total nitrogen, 0.063 wt% of total phosphorus, 2.285 wt% of total potassium, 103.8mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 42.8mg/kg of available phosphorus and 201.6mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.
In the step S3, the tobacco seedlings are Liaoyan No. 17 tobacco seedlings; the transplanting in the step S3 adopts conventional single-row ridge planting.
The self-made fertilizer in the step S3 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphate amide ester, 0.4 part of betaine, 6.5 parts of potassium borate, 2.5 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.15 part of 5' -adenosine triphosphate and 1.2 parts of chitosan.
The number average molecular weight of the chitosan is 10 ten thousand, and the substitution degree is 82%.
In the step S5, the fertilizer is applied specifically 0.9kg per plant, and the fertilizer application interval is 1.2 months.
The flue-cured tobacco obtained according to the cultivation method of the seed flue-cured tobacco.
Example 3
A cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, selection of flue-cured tobacco planting land: according to local hydrogeology and climatic conditions, selecting brown soil with the pH value of 5.5 as a planting field, wherein inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide are not applied to the planting field in the first three years;
step S2, ridging: firstly, leveling and deeply ploughing the land, ploughing to a ploughing depth of 40cm, and then ridging and digging pits to ensure that the inter-pit distance is 120 multiplied by 55 cm;
step S3, transplanting: before tobacco seedlings are transplanted, farmyard manure is applied, soil is covered, the compartment surface is kept flat, and soil particles are finely ground; using self-made fertilizer as upper fertilizer and fully and uniformly mixing the upper fertilizer with fine soil, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings; reasonably close planting according to the variety characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco;
step S4, topping: removing 6 bottom leaves 40 days after transplantation, and topping at the early stage of budding (53 days after transplantation) to leave 10 leaves;
step S5, management: other field management methods such as fertilization, intertillage weeding, pest control and the like except topping are carried out by adopting the high-quality tobacco planting technology in each existing tobacco producing area;
step S6, harvesting and baking: according to the maturity, from the lower tobacco leaves, harvesting one mature tobacco leaf; then according to the existing high-quality tobacco leaf baking technology.
In step S1, the brown soil contains 2.092 wt% of organic matter, 0.167 wt% of total nitrogen, 0.063 wt% of total phosphorus, 2.285 wt% of total potassium, 103.8mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 42.8mg/kg of available phosphorus and 201.6mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.
In the step S3, the tobacco seedlings are Liaoyan No. 17 tobacco seedlings; the tobacco cultivation mode of two rows in one ridge is adopted for transplanting.
The self-made fertilizer in the step S3 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4.5 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphate amide ester, 0.45 part of betaine, 7 parts of potassium borate, 3 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.2 part of 5' -adenosine triphosphate and 1.5 parts of chitosan.
The number average molecular weight of the chitosan is 12 ten thousand, and the substitution degree is 85%.
In the step S5, the fertilization is specifically to apply 1kg of fertilizer to each plant, and the fertilization interval is 1.5 months.
The flue-cured tobacco obtained according to the cultivation method of the seed flue-cured tobacco.
Example 4
A cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, selection of flue-cured tobacco planting land: according to local hydrogeology and climatic conditions, selecting brown soil with the pH of 5.8 as a planting field, wherein inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide are not applied to the planting field in the first three years;
step S2, ridging: firstly, leveling and deeply ploughing the land, ploughing to a ploughing depth of 45cm, and then ridging and digging pits to ensure that the inter-pit distance is 120 multiplied by 55 cm;
step S3, transplanting: before transplanting tobacco seedlings, applying farmyard manure, covering soil, keeping the compartment surface smooth, and finely crushing soil particles; using self-made fertilizer as upper fertilizer and fully and uniformly mixing with fine soil, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings; reasonably close planting according to the variety characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco;
step S4, topping: removing 2 bottom leaves 40 days after transplantation, topping in bud period (63 days after transplantation), and removing 4 bottom leaves at the same time, and keeping the number of leaves at 10;
step S5, management: other field management methods such as fertilization, intertillage weeding, pest control and the like except topping are carried out by adopting the high-quality tobacco planting technology in each existing tobacco producing area;
step S6, harvesting and baking: according to the maturity, from the lower tobacco leaves, harvesting one mature tobacco leaf; then the baking is carried out according to the prior high-quality tobacco leaf baking technology.
In step S1, the brown soil contains 2.092 wt% of organic matter, 0.167 wt% of total nitrogen, 0.063 wt% of total phosphorus, 2.285 wt% of total potassium, 103.8mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 42.8mg/kg of available phosphorus and 201.6mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.
In the step S3, the tobacco seedlings are Liaoyan No. 17 tobacco seedlings; the flue-cured tobacco cultivation mode of one ridge and two lines is adopted in the transplanting.
The self-made fertilizer in the step S3 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5.5 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphate amide ester, 0.55 part of betaine, 7.5 parts of potassium borate, 3.5 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.25 part of 5' -adenosine triphosphate and 1.8 parts of chitosan.
The number average molecular weight of the chitosan is 13 ten thousand, and the substitution degree is 88%.
In the step S5, the fertilization is specifically that 1.1kg of fertilizer is applied to each plant, and the fertilization interval is 1.8 months.
The flue-cured tobacco obtained according to the cultivation method of the seed flue-cured tobacco.
Example 5
A cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, selection of flue-cured tobacco planting land: selecting brown soil with the pH value of 5.0-6.0 as a planting field according to the local hydrogeology and climatic conditions, wherein the planting field is not applied with inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide in the previous three years;
step S2, ridging: firstly, leveling and deeply ploughing the land, ploughing to a ploughing depth of 50cm, and then ridging and digging pits to ensure that the inter-pit distance is 120 multiplied by 55 cm;
step S3, transplanting: before tobacco seedlings are transplanted, farmyard manure is applied, soil is covered, the compartment surface is kept flat, and soil particles are finely ground; using self-made fertilizer as upper fertilizer and fully and uniformly mixing with fine soil, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings; reasonably close planting according to the variety characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco;
step S4, topping: removing 2 bottom leaves 40 days after transplanting, removing the top in the bud stage (64 days after transplanting), simultaneously removing 2 bottom leaves, removing 2 bottom leaves 10 days after removing the top, and leaving 10 leaves;
step S5, management: other field management methods except topping, such as fertilization, intertillage weeding, pest control and the like, are carried out by adopting the high-quality tobacco planting technology of each existing tobacco producing area;
step S6, harvesting and baking: according to the maturity, one mature tobacco leaf is harvested from the lower tobacco leaf; then the baking is carried out according to the prior high-quality tobacco leaf baking technology.
In step S1, the brown soil contains 2.092 wt% of organic matter, 0.167 wt% of total nitrogen, 0.063 wt% of total phosphorus, 2.285 wt% of total potassium, 103.8mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 42.8mg/kg of available phosphorus and 201.6mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.
In the step S3, the tobacco seedlings are Liaoyan No. 17 tobacco seedlings; conventional single-row ridge planting is adopted for transplanting.
The self-made fertilizer in the step S3 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphate amide ester, 0.6 part of betaine, 8 parts of potassium borate, 4 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.3 part of 5' -adenosine triphosphate and 2 parts of chitosan.
The number average molecular weight of the chitosan is 15 ten thousand, and the degree of substitution is 90%.
In the step S5, the fertilization is specifically that 1.2kg of fertilizer is applied to each plant, and the fertilization interval is 2 months.
The flue-cured tobacco obtained according to the cultivation method of the seed flue-cured tobacco.
The tobacco samples obtained by the above examples 1-5 and the cultivation method of the flue-cured tobacco were subjected to the relevant performance effect test, the test results are shown in tables 1-3, and the test method is as follows: in each case, 10 well-grown tobacco plants were selected, and agronomic traits and disease occurrence of the plants were measured after 10 days of topping. And (3) harvesting in a district at maturity, baking according to a local conventional baking method, grading the baked tobacco according to 42-grade national standard of the flue-cured tobacco, and counting the yield, average price, output value and grade proportion of each processed tobacco according to the purchase price of the local area tobacco, wherein the data are the average value of 10 plants.
TABLE 1 agronomic traits of tobacco plants
TABLE 2 disease occurrence
TABLE 3 economic traits
As can be seen from Table 1, the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method of the embodiments of the present application has the advantages of good tobacco leaf quality, low insect pest rate and high yield.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selection of flue-cured tobacco planting land: selecting brown soil with the pH value of 5.0-6.0 as a planting field according to the local hydrogeology and climatic conditions, wherein the planting field is not applied with inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide in the previous three years;
step S2, ridging: firstly, leveling and deeply ploughing the land, ploughing to a ploughing depth of 30-50 cm, and then ridging and digging pits to ensure that the pit spacing is 120 x 55 cm;
step S3, transplanting: before transplanting tobacco seedlings, applying farmyard manure, covering soil, keeping the compartment surface smooth, and finely crushing soil particles; using self-made fertilizer as upper fertilizer and fully and uniformly mixing with fine soil, and then transplanting tobacco seedlings; reasonably close planting according to the variety characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco;
step S4, topping: removing 2-6 pieces of bottom leaves 30-40 days after transplanting, and topping in bud stage (50-65 days after transplanting) to leave 10 pieces of leaves;
step S5, management: other field management methods such as fertilization, intertillage weeding, pest control and the like except topping are carried out by adopting the high-quality tobacco planting technology in each existing tobacco producing area;
step S6, harvesting and baking: according to the maturity, from the lower tobacco leaves, harvesting one mature tobacco leaf; then the baking is carried out according to the prior high-quality tobacco leaf baking technology.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the brown soil contains 2.092 wt% of organic matter, 0.167 wt% of total nitrogen, 0.063 wt% of total phosphorus, 2.285 wt% of total potassium, 103.8mg/kg of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, 42.8mg/kg of available phosphorus and 201.6mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.
3. The method for cultivating cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco seedlings in step S3 are Liaoyan No. 17 tobacco seedlings.
4. The method for cultivating cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting in step S3 is performed in a one-row-two-ridge cured tobacco cultivation mode or a conventional single-row ridge cultivation mode.
5. The cultivation method for the flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the homemade fertilizer in the step S3 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphate amide ester, 0.3-0.6 part of betaine, 6-8 parts of potassium borate, 2-4 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.1-0.3 part of 5' -adenosine triphosphate and 1-2 parts of chitosan.
6. The cultivation method for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 5, characterized in that the number average molecular weight of chitosan is 8-15 ten thousand, and the degree of substitution is 80-90%.
7. The method for cultivating cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the topping in step S4 is to remove 6 bottom leaves 30 days after transplantation and carry out topping at the bud initial stage (50-55 days after transplantation) with 10 leaves.
8. The method for cultivating cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer application in step S5 is carried out by applying 0.8-1.2kg of fertilizer to each plant at 1-2 month intervals.
9. A flue-cured tobacco obtained by the cultivation method of the flue-cured tobacco according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210842216.7A CN115024177A (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2022-07-18 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210842216.7A CN115024177A (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2022-07-18 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115024177A true CN115024177A (en) | 2022-09-09 |
Family
ID=83128417
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210842216.7A Pending CN115024177A (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2022-07-18 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115024177A (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1328769A (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2002-01-02 | 张世家 | Farm composite containing water soluble chitosan |
| CN102812832A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-12-12 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Method for planting organic flue-cured tobaccos |
| WO2013028539A2 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-02-28 | Universal Leaf Tobacco Company, Inc. | Tobacco production system |
| CN109699427A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-03 | 湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司 | A kind of burley tobaccos implantation methods improving upper smoke ratio |
| CN110357736A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-22 | 禹州市植物保护植物检疫站 | The liquid fertilizer for preventing and treating plant pest |
| CN112521225A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-19 | 泗县绿昂新材料科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-07-18 CN CN202210842216.7A patent/CN115024177A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1328769A (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2002-01-02 | 张世家 | Farm composite containing water soluble chitosan |
| WO2013028539A2 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-02-28 | Universal Leaf Tobacco Company, Inc. | Tobacco production system |
| CN102812832A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-12-12 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Method for planting organic flue-cured tobaccos |
| CN109699427A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-03 | 湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司 | A kind of burley tobaccos implantation methods improving upper smoke ratio |
| CN110357736A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-22 | 禹州市植物保护植物检疫站 | The liquid fertilizer for preventing and treating plant pest |
| CN112521225A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-19 | 泗县绿昂新材料科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 《鹤峰县烟草志》编委会: "鹤峰县烟草志", 30 April 2006, 武汉：崇文书局, pages: 39 * |
| 严永旺;林雷通;杨虹琦;文俊;张延军;周思瑾;: "福建武平烤烟产区不同质地土壤肥力特征分析", 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), no. 04, 15 August 2010 (2010-08-15) * |
| 胡国松 等: "烟草施肥新技术", 31 July 2000, 北京：中国农业出版社, pages: 82 * |
| 遵义市地方志编纂委员会办公室: "遵义市志 上", 30 April 2017, 北京：方志出版社, pages: 856 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105027940B (en) | A kind of Rocky Desertification Region herbage planting and establishing method and its application method | |
| CN107079760A (en) | A kind of Queensland nut interplants the implantation methods of pineapple | |
| CN103155775B (en) | Cultivation method of organic broomcorn for making wine | |
| CN102823420A (en) | Cultivation method for promoting precocity and high yield of broccolis | |
| CN103039264B (en) | Efficient maca cultivation method | |
| CN102301898A (en) | High-yield cultivation method of double-low rape flower | |
| CN103703983A (en) | Wampee tree cultivation method | |
| CN112021122A (en) | Method suitable for long-season cultivation of cowpeas | |
| CN103340084B (en) | Cultivation method ensuring field growth time of fen-flavor tobacco leaves | |
| CN111133948A (en) | Cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of Taiqiu sweet persimmons | |
| CN111869525B (en) | Seedling raising method for rice seedlings | |
| Enyi | Physiology of grain yield in groundnuts (Arachis hypogea) | |
| CN106717881B (en) | Planting method of cabbage type rape oil fertilizer No. 1 | |
| CN109220444B (en) | Method for producing high-quality longleaf fragrant oranges | |
| CN110915578A (en) | Cultivation method suitable for autumn sowing and spring transplanting of chenopodium quinoa in coastal saline-alkali soil | |
| CN110393133A (en) | The method of wheat yield is improved under one seed pod-wheat intercropping mode | |
| CN110419440B (en) | Double-clone hybrid variety breeding method of tea tree based on Baihao early Obelia | |
| CN110476739B (en) | Method suitable for planting capsicum in Hainan province | |
| CN107439192A (en) | A kind of cultural method planted between radix bupleuri corn | |
| CN112189498A (en) | Organic tea garden interplanting method | |
| CN104620801A (en) | Technical method for cowpea planting | |
| CN111248082A (en) | Breeding method of density-resistant direct-seeding japonica rice variety | |
| CN105638188B (en) | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of new pteris fern | |
| CN1961635B (en) | Double high-yield maize and soybean ventilated planting method | |
| CN110896809B (en) | Efficient cultivation method for intercropping corn and chrysanthemum nankingense |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |