CN115007888B - Automatic gear-shifting electric spindle structure - Google Patents
Automatic gear-shifting electric spindle structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115007888B CN115007888B CN202210679354.8A CN202210679354A CN115007888B CN 115007888 B CN115007888 B CN 115007888B CN 202210679354 A CN202210679354 A CN 202210679354A CN 115007888 B CN115007888 B CN 115007888B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- spindle
- main shaft
- gear
- bearing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种自动换挡式电主轴结构，解决了现有技术中存在电主轴结构使用工况较为单一的问题，具有结构简单紧凑，满足一次装夹同时完成粗精加工的需求的有益效果，具体方案如下：一种自动换挡式电主轴结构，包括主轴和自动换挡组件，自动换挡组件安装于主轴的一侧，自动换挡组件包括缸体，缸体开有油缸，油缸内设置活塞，油缸顶端与进油通道连通，油缸底端与出油通道连通，液压油通过进油通道或出油通道进入油缸实现自动换挡，电机转子带动主轴套向主轴传递动力，实现主轴以高速档工作；电机转子通过减速组件将动力传递至主轴，实现主轴以低速档工作。
The present invention discloses an automatic shifting electric spindle structure, which solves the problem of relatively single working conditions of the electric spindle structure in the prior art. The structure is simple and compact, and has the beneficial effect of meeting the requirements of completing rough and fine machining in one clamping. The specific scheme is as follows: An automatic shifting electric spindle structure comprises a spindle and an automatic shifting assembly, the automatic shifting assembly is installed on one side of the spindle, the automatic shifting assembly comprises a cylinder body, the cylinder body is provided with an oil cylinder, a piston is arranged in the oil cylinder, the top end of the oil cylinder is connected with an oil inlet channel, and the bottom end of the oil cylinder is connected with an oil outlet channel. The hydraulic oil enters the oil cylinder through the oil inlet channel or the oil outlet channel to realize automatic shifting, and the motor rotor drives the spindle sleeve to transmit power to the spindle, so that the spindle works at a high gear; the motor rotor transmits power to the spindle through the reduction assembly, so that the spindle works at a low gear.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric spindles of numerical control planer type boring and milling machines, in particular to an automatic gear shifting type electric spindle structure.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The electric spindle is a new technology for integrating a machine tool spindle and a motor in the field of numerical control machine tools, and is a set of components, and comprises: the device comprises a motor rotor, a stator, a cooling system, a loose clamping cutter system, a central cooling system, an oil mist lubricating system, a bearing elastic pre-tightening system and the like.
At present, along with the development of related technologies such as a main shaft bearing, a lubrication technology, a precision machining technology, a precision dynamic balance technology, a high-speed cutter, an interface technology and the like of the main shaft bearing, the high-speed electric main shaft for a numerical control machine tool has become a current development general trend, but along with the rapid development of aerospace industry, large complex parts such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and the like need finish machining of high-speed light cutting and rough machining of low-speed heavy cutting, the inventor finds that the existing electric main shaft structure has single use condition, and if the electric main shaft needs to be replaced, a certain trouble is brought to machining, and the machining efficiency of the machine tool is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure which is simple and compact in overall structure and reasonable in space utilization, and can meet the requirement of one-time clamping and rough and finish machining.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure comprises a spindle and an automatic gear shifting assembly, wherein the automatic gear shifting assembly is arranged on one side of the spindle, the automatic gear shifting assembly comprises a cylinder body, an oil cylinder is arranged on the cylinder body, a piston is arranged in the oil cylinder, the top end of the oil cylinder is communicated with an oil inlet channel, the bottom end of the oil cylinder is communicated with an oil outlet channel, hydraulic oil enters the oil cylinder through the oil inlet channel or the oil outlet channel to realize automatic gear shifting, a spindle sleeve is arranged on the periphery side of the middle section of the spindle, an external tooth is arranged at one end of the spindle sleeve, the external tooth of the spindle sleeve is meshed with a first gear, the first gear is connected with the spindle, a motor rotor is sleeved on the spindle sleeve, and the motor rotor drives the spindle sleeve to transmit power to the spindle, so that the spindle works in high-speed; the outside of the main shaft sleeve is provided with a speed reducing assembly, the speed reducing assembly is connected with the piston, and the motor rotor transmits power to the main shaft through the speed reducing assembly, so that the main shaft works in a low speed gear.
Above-mentioned electricity main shaft structure, automatic gearshift subassembly is through the setting of advance oil channel and play oil channel, can realize the oil feed of two kinds, play oily mode to realize the gear shifting of electricity main shaft structure, under high-speed, by motor rotor through main shaft cover external tooth and first gear transmission power to the main shaft, under low-speed, by motor rotor through the transmission power of speed reduction subassembly to the main shaft, thereby realize the motion of electricity main shaft under two kinds of rotational speeds.
The automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure comprises a planet carrier arranged in the direction of a spindle sleeve, wherein the planet carrier is supported at an annular gear in a gear cooling sleeve through a second bearing arranged in an O shape, the planet carrier is provided with a plurality of planet gears, the annular gear is meshed with the planet gears, the planet carrier is connected with a piston, and when the piston moves downwards, the planet carrier pushes a first gear to be disengaged from outer teeth of the spindle sleeve, and the planet gears are meshed with the outer teeth of the spindle sleeve;
The first gear is meshed with the outer teeth of the main shaft sleeve, the motor rotor is fixedly connected with the main shaft sleeve, the first gear is connected with the transmission disc, the transmission disc is connected with the main shaft, the first gear transmits power to the main shaft through the transmission disc, the main shaft is operated in a high-speed gear, namely, the motor rotating speed is transmitted to the main shaft through the outer teeth of the main shaft sleeve, the first gear and the transmission disc in sequence, the main shaft rotating speed is the motor rotating speed, and the high-speed gear is the high rotating speed.
According to the automatic gear shifting type electric spindle structure, the piston is connected with the push-pull rod, the push-pull rod is connected with the push-pull disc, the push-pull disc is fixed on the inner gear ring, the push-pull rod exceeds the cylinder body, the push-pull rod is connected with the planet carrier through the push-pull disc, the inner gear ring and the second bearing, when hydraulic oil enters the lower cavity of the oil cylinder from the oil outlet channel, the piston pulls the push-pull rod and the planet carrier to move upwards, at the moment, the planet wheel is meshed with the outer teeth of the spindle sleeve, and meanwhile, the planet carrier pushes the first gear to be disengaged with the outer teeth of the spindle sleeve.
According to the automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure, the inner fluted disc is arranged on the upper side of the planet carrier, the inner fluted disc is meshed with the transition gear under the action of the planet carrier, the transition gear is meshed with the spindle, and the motor rotor sequentially passes through the outer teeth of the spindle sleeve, the planet gears, the planet carrier, the inner fluted disc and the transition gear to transmit power to the spindle, so that the low rotating speed and the large torque of the spindle are realized;
The planet wheel is supported on a supporting shaft through a needle bearing, the supporting shaft is arranged on a planet carrier, and a plurality of supporting shafts are uniformly arranged on the planet carrier.
According to the automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure, the oil inlet channel is arranged at the top of the oil cylinder, the bottom of the oil outlet channel is bent to be communicated with the oil cylinder, the tops of the oil inlet channel and the oil outlet channel are both positioned at the top of the cylinder body, and the oil inlet channel and the oil outlet channel are respectively connected with the oil tank through the hydraulic element, so that the double-acting hydraulic oil cylinder is realized;
The oil cylinder and the guide sleeve are fixedly connected with the first flange plate.
According to the automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure, the push-pull rod is arranged in the guide sleeve, the bottom end of the push-pull rod is arranged beyond the guide sleeve, and the guide sleeve is internally provided with the guide ring to guide the push-pull rod;
The automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure further comprises a cooling assembly, the cooling assembly comprises a first sleeve and a second sleeve which are positioned in the circumferential direction of the speed reducing assembly, the first sleeve is connected with the second sleeve through a transition disc, a first flange plate is provided with a first channel, the lower half section of the first channel is arranged in the first sleeve, a gear cooling sleeve is arranged on the inner side of the first sleeve, the gear cooling sleeve is provided with a first spiral groove, the first spiral groove is communicated with the first channel, the first sleeve, the transition disc and the second sleeve are provided with a second channel, a motor cooling sleeve is arranged in the second sleeve, and the second spiral groove is communicated with the second channel; and the bottom end of the first spiral groove is communicated with the top end of the second channel.
According to the automatic gear shifting type electric spindle structure, the third sleeve is annularly arranged at the bottom end of the spindle, the flange sleeve is arranged between the second sleeve and the third sleeve, the circulation groove is formed in the flange sleeve, the second sleeve, the transition disc and the first sleeve are communicated, the cooling liquid outlet channel is further formed in the circulation groove, the second spiral groove and the cooling liquid outlet channel are respectively communicated, and therefore cooling liquid enters from the first channel on one side of the spindle and sequentially flows through the first spiral groove, the second channel, the second spiral groove and the circulation groove and flows out through the cooling liquid outlet channel on the other side of the spindle.
According to the automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure, the plurality of sets of fifth bearings are arranged at the bottom end of the spindle, the fifth bearings are O-shaped, the plurality of fourth springs are arranged above the fifth bearings, the lower lock nuts are arranged at the bottom of the fifth bearings, and the fourth springs and the lower lock nuts are all located in the circumferential direction of the spindle so as to provide bearing pretightening force for the fifth bearings;
The main shaft is circumferentially provided with a first spring seat above a fourth spring, and a second self-lubricating sleeve is arranged at the fourth spring.
According to the automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure, the spindle collar is supported by the third bearing and the fourth bearing, the third bearing and the fourth bearing are arranged in an O-shaped mode, the third bearing is provided with a plurality of third springs in a circumferential mode, the inner side of each third spring is provided with a middle nut, a locking nut is arranged at the fourth bearing, a spring seat supports one side of each third spring, and a gland supports the other side of each third spring and the middle nut;
the top end of the main shaft is provided with a first bearing, a first spring is arranged in the circumferential direction of the first bearing, and an upper lock nut is sleeved on the top end of the main shaft.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) According to the invention, through the arrangement of the integral structure, the automatic gear shifting assembly can realize two oil inlet and oil outlet modes through the arrangement of the oil inlet channel and the oil outlet channel, so that gear shifting of an electric main shaft structure is realized, under a high-speed gear, power is transmitted to the main shaft through the outer teeth of the main shaft sleeve and the first gear by the motor rotor, under a low-speed gear, power is transmitted to the main shaft through the speed reduction assembly by the motor rotor, the reduction of the rotating speed of the main shaft and the increase of torque of the main shaft are realized through the speed reduction assembly, and thus, the movement of the electric main shaft under two rotating speeds is realized; the whole structure is simple and compact, the space utilization is reasonable, and the requirement of one-time clamping and rough and finish machining can be met.
2) The planetary gear set is connected with the main shaft sleeve into a whole through the arrangement of the speed reducing assembly, has the advantages of compact structure, large transmission ratio and the like, and is suitable for occasions with high requirements on external dimensions such as an electric main shaft.
3) According to the invention, through the arrangement of the cooling assembly, the speed reducing assembly, the motor stator and the main shaft part bearing can be cooled, so that the temperature rise of the main shaft is reduced, and the machining precision of the electric main shaft is improved.
4) According to the invention, the spring is arranged at the bearing for supporting the main shaft and the main shaft sleeve and matched with the corresponding nut, so that the bearing is elastically pre-tightened, the rotating speed of the main shaft is greatly improved, and the damage of the bearing is effectively avoided.
5) According to the automatic gear shifting assembly, the cylinder body supports the oil cylinder, and the oil inlet channel and the oil outlet channel at different positions are configured, so that the double-acting hydraulic oil cylinder can realize automatic gear shifting, and the automatic gear shifting assembly is reliable in action and accurate in positioning.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
Fig. 1 is a top view of an automatically shiftable motorized spindle configuration in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of figure 1 in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of fig. 2 at C in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of fig. 2D in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of fig. 3 at E in accordance with the present invention.
In the figure: the mutual spacing or dimensions are exaggerated for the purpose of showing the positions of the various parts, and the schematic illustration is only schematic.
Wherein: 1 encoder assembly, 2 upper lock nut, 3 first bearing, 4 bearing gland, 5 upper bearing seat, 6 first spring, 7 first self-lubricating sleeve, 8 adjusting pad, 9 transition gear, 10 inner fluted disc, 11 driving disc, 12 push-pull disc, 13 first gear, 14 inner gear ring, 15 gear cooling sleeve, 16 positioning sleeve, 17 supporting disc, 18 motor stator, 19 motor cooling sleeve, 20 fourth bearing, 21 bearing seat, 22 second sleeve, 23 spring seat, 24 gland, 25 flange sleeve, 26 flange disc, 27 first spring seat, 28 inner spacer, 29 outer spacer, 30 loose-clamping knife, 31 air cooling assembly, 32 lower lock nut, 33 third sleeve, 34 main shaft, 35 sealing assembly, 36 fifth bearing, 37 fourth spring, 38 second self-lubricating sleeve, 39 main shaft sleeve, 40 middle nut the device comprises a third spring 41, a motor rotor 42, a third bearing 43, a middle bearing seat 44, a pressure plate 45, a locking nut 46, a transition disc 47, a dustproof disc 48, a planet carrier 49, a grease blocking disc 50, an outer ring spacer 51, an inner ring spacer 52, a first sleeve 53, a second sleeve 54, a first flange 55, a second spring 56, a self-lubricating adjusting pad 57, a planet wheel 58, a needle bearing 59, a self-lubricating adjusting pad 60, a supporting shaft 61, a cylinder 62, a piston 63, a retainer ring 64, a seventh seal ring 65, a guide ring 66, a sixth seal ring 67, a first plug 68, an eighth seal ring 69, a guide sleeve 70, a push-pull rod 71, a fifth seal ring 72, a fourth seal ring 73, a third seal ring 74, a second seal ring 75, a tenth seal ring 76, a second plug 77 and a first seal ring 78;
100 first channels, 200 cooling liquid outlet channels, 300 oil inlet channels and 400 oil outlet channels.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms unless the present invention clearly dictates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and/or "include" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
As described in the background art, the prior main shaft structure in the prior art can only be suitable for a single working condition, and in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an automatic gear shifting type motorized main shaft structure.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and with reference to fig. 1 and 2, an automatic shifting motorized spindle structure includes a spindle, an automatic shifting assembly, a deceleration assembly, and a cooling assembly.
The automatic gear shifting assembly is shown in fig. 5, and comprises a cylinder body 62, a piston 63, a retainer ring 64, a seventh sealing ring 65, a guide ring 66, a sixth sealing ring 67, a first plug 68, an eighth sealing ring 69, a guide sleeve 70 and a push-pull rod 71, wherein the cylinder body 62 is provided with an oil cylinder, the piston is arranged in the oil cylinder, the top end of the oil cylinder is communicated with an oil inlet channel 300, and the bottom end of the oil cylinder is communicated with an oil outlet channel 400. The oil inlet channel 300 is arranged at the top of the oil cylinder, the bottom of the oil outlet channel is bent to be communicated with the oil cylinder, the tops of the oil inlet channel and the oil outlet channel are both positioned at the top of the cylinder body, and the oil inlet channel and the oil outlet channel are respectively connected with the oil tank, so that the double-acting hydraulic oil cylinder is realized.
The push-pull rod 71 is arranged in the guide sleeve 70, the bottom end of the push-pull rod 71 is arranged beyond the guide sleeve 70, and a guide ring 66 is arranged in the guide sleeve to guide the push-pull rod; the oil cylinder, the guide sleeve and the first flange plate are fixedly connected through screws.
The top of the piston 63 is provided with a step in the circumferential direction, the top of the oil cylinder is provided with a concave part matched with the top of the piston, and the piston 63 is provided with a check ring 64 and a seventh sealing ring 65 in the circumferential direction; the piston 63 is connected with the push-pull rod 71 through a screw, a concave part is arranged at the top of the guide sleeve and matched with the hollow part of the cylinder body to form an oil cylinder, an opening communicated with the oil outlet channel 400 is arranged at the side part of the guide sleeve, a first plug 68 is arranged at the opening, and an eighth sealing ring 69 is arranged between the guide sleeve and the cylinder body.
Specifically, hydraulic oil enters the upper cavity of the oil cylinder from the oil inlet channel 300, hydraulic oil in the lower cavity of the oil cylinder returns to the oil tank from the oil outlet channel 400, and the piston 63 pushes the push-pull rod 71 and the speed reducing assembly to move downwards, so that the main shaft is in a high-speed gear; hydraulic oil enters the lower cavity of the oil cylinder from the oil outlet channel 400, hydraulic oil in the upper cavity returns to the oil tank from the oil inlet channel 300, the piston 63 pulls the push-pull rod 71 and the speed reducing assembly to move upwards, the main shaft is in a low-speed gear position, and the up-and-down movement of the push-pull rod is guided by the guide ring 66.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the reduction assembly includes an upper self-lubricating adjustment pad 57, a planetary gear 58, a needle bearing 59, a lower self-lubricating adjustment pad 60, a shaft 61, a main shaft sleeve 39, a support plate 17, a transition gear 9, an internal gear plate 10, a transmission plate 11, a push-pull plate 12, a first gear 13, an annular gear 14, a carrier 49, a grease-blocking plate 50, an outer ring spacer 51, an inner ring spacer 52, a second bearing 54, and a second spring 56. The planet carrier is supported on the annular gear 14 in the gear cooling sleeve through the second bearing arranged in an O shape, the planet carrier supports a plurality of planet gears, the annular gear is meshed with the planet gears, the planet carrier can push the first gear to be disengaged from the outer teeth of the main shaft sleeve, the planet gears are meshed with the outer teeth of the main shaft sleeve, an inner fluted disc is arranged on the upper side of the planet carrier, the inner fluted disc is meshed with the transition gear under the action of the planet carrier, and the transition gear is meshed with the main shaft, so that the speed reduction of the main shaft is realized; high gear: the first gear is meshed with the outer teeth of the main shaft sleeve, in addition, the first gear is connected with a transmission disc, the transmission disc is connected with the main shaft, and the first gear transmits power to the main shaft through the transmission disc.
It should be noted that, the high gear is that the main shaft rotates at a first segment rotation speed, the low gear is that the main shaft rotates at a second segment rotation speed, the first segment rotation speed is higher than the second segment rotation speed, and the first segment rotation speed and the second segment rotation speed are both in a range.
It should be explained that the spindle sleeve 39 is located at the middle section of the spindle, the outer side of the top end of the spindle sleeve is provided with external teeth of the spindle sleeve, and the first gear is internal teeth.
The planetary gears 58 are supported on a supporting shaft 61 through needle bearings 59, the supporting shaft is located on a planetary carrier, the upper and lower positioning of the planetary gears 58 is achieved through an upper self-lubricating adjusting pad 57 and a lower self-lubricating adjusting pad 60, and set gaps are reserved among the planetary gears 58, the lower self-lubricating adjusting pad 60 and the upper self-lubricating adjusting pad.
When the main shaft 34 is in a high-speed gear, the motor rotor 42 drives the main shaft sleeve 39, the external teeth at the upper end of the main shaft sleeve 39 are meshed with the first gear 13, the first gear 13 is fixedly connected with the transmission disc 10, and the transmission disc 10 is in positioning connection with the main shaft 34 through rectangular splines to transmit power so as to realize high rotation speed of the main shaft 34;
When the main shaft 34 is in a low-speed gear, the planetary gears 58 of the speed reduction assembly are meshed with the external teeth at the upper end of the main shaft sleeve 39, meanwhile, the planetary carrier 49 pushes the first gear 13 to be disengaged from the external teeth of the main shaft sleeve, the internal fluted disc 10 is meshed with the transition gear 9, and the power of the motor rotor 42 is transmitted to the main shaft 34 through the external teeth of the main shaft sleeve, the plurality of planetary gears 58, the planetary carrier 49, the internal fluted disc 10 and the transition gear 9 in sequence, so that the low-rotation-speed and high-torque of the main shaft is realized.
It will be appreciated that the size of the gear ratio of the reduction assembly is primarily related to the number of teeth on the annulus gear, the planet gears and the outer teeth of the spindle cover, and that different gear ratios can be obtained by varying the number and modulus of the gears in the reduction assembly.
The automatic gear shifting assembly is provided, so that two rotating speed states of the main shaft are realized: one is that the main shaft is directly connected with the main shaft sleeve of the motor rotor which is cold-assembled together, the rotating speed of the motor is the rotating speed of the main shaft, and the high-speed small torque characteristic of the main shaft is realized; the other is that the main shaft sleeve cold-mounted with the motor is connected with the main shaft after passing through the speed reducing component, so as to realize the low-speed and high-torque characteristic of the main shaft. Two performances are realized through the automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle, the high-speed finish machining and the low-speed rough machining are realized simultaneously by one-time clamping, the machining efficiency of a machine tool is remarkably improved, and the precision of part machining is improved.
The cooling assembly comprises a first sleeve 53 and a second sleeve 22 which are positioned in the circumferential direction of the speed reducing assembly, the first sleeve is connected with the second sleeve 22 through a transition disc 47, a first channel is arranged between the first flange disc and the first sleeve in a penetrating way, a gear cooling sleeve 15 is arranged on the inner side of the first sleeve, a first spiral groove is arranged on the gear cooling sleeve, the first spiral groove is communicated with the first channel, a second channel is arranged among the first sleeve, the transition disc and the second sleeve, a motor cooling sleeve is arranged in the second sleeve, a second spiral groove is arranged on the motor cooling sleeve 19, and the second spiral groove is communicated with the second channel; and the bottom end of the first spiral groove is communicated with the top end of the second channel.
The third sleeve 33 is circumferentially arranged at the bottom end of the main shaft 34, the flange sleeve 25 is arranged between the second sleeve and the third sleeve 33, the flange sleeve 25 is provided with a circulation groove, the third sleeve is conical, and the outer diameter of the bottom end of the third sleeve is smaller than the outer diameter of the top end of the third sleeve.
It will be appreciated that the gear cooling sleeve 15 is located circumferentially of the second bearing 52, the reduction assembly, for cooling the reduction assembly; the motor stator 18 is arranged on the periphery of the motor rotor 42, the motor stator is annularly provided with the motor cooling sleeve 19, the motor stator is cooled through the spiral groove of the motor cooling sleeve, the bottom end of the second sleeve is provided with a third channel, the third channel is communicated with the spiral groove of the motor cooling sleeve 19, and the third bearing and the fourth bearing can be cooled through the third channel and the spiral groove of the motor cooling sleeve.
The flange 26 is arranged on the inner side of the flange sleeve, the flange is arranged above the second self-lubricating sleeve 38, the flange sleeve 25 is provided with an opening communicated with the circulation groove, a second plug 77 is arranged at the opening, a main shaft on the inner side of the third sleeve is provided with a main shaft spiral groove communicated with the circulation groove, and the main shaft spiral groove is communicated with the cooling liquid outlet channel.
In addition, the bottom end of the planet carrier 49 is also provided with a positioning sleeve 16, a dustproof disc 48 is arranged below the positioning sleeve, and the positioning sleeve 16 and the dustproof disc 48 are arranged inside the transition disc 47.
The main shaft sets up interior spacer 28 in the inboard of fourth spring 37, and the bottom of second self-lubricating cover 38 sets up outer spacer 29, and the bottom of main shaft sets up pine clamp knife 30, sets up seal assembly 35 between pine clamp knife 30 and the main shaft, and the main shaft sets up current forced air cooling subassembly 31 in the lateral part of pine clamp knife 30.
The inner spacer bush 28, the outer spacer bush 29, the first self-lubricating bush 7, the second self-lubricating bush 38, the loose knife, the air cooling component, the sealing component, the push-pull disc, the flange bush, the dustproof disc, the grease blocking disc, the outer spacer bush, the inner spacer bush and other parts which are not described in detail are all in the prior art.
As shown in fig. 3, the cooling liquid enters from the first channel 100 of the first flange 55, flows through the first spiral groove, the second channel, the second spiral groove, the third channel, the circulation groove and the main shaft spiral groove in sequence, and flows out through the cooling liquid outlet channel 200 on the other side of the main shaft to form a cooling liquid flow channel, and completes the cooling of the speed reducing assembly, the motor stator and the main shaft front bearing.
A first seal ring 78 is provided between the third sleeve and the main shaft, a tenth seal ring 76 and a second seal ring 75 are provided between the motor cooling jacket and the second sleeve, a third seal ring 74 and a fourth seal ring 73 are further provided inside the first sleeve, and a fifth seal ring 72 is provided between the first flange 55 and the first sleeve.
The lower section of the main shaft 34 is provided with 3 sets of fifth bearings 36, the fifth bearings are arranged in an O-shaped manner, a plurality of fourth springs are arranged above the fifth bearings, the bottom of each fifth bearing is provided with a lower lock nut, the fourth springs and the lower lock nuts are all positioned in the circumferential direction of the main shaft, the bearing pretightening force of each fifth bearing is realized through the plurality of fourth springs 37 and the lower lock nuts 32, the main shaft is provided with a first spring seat above the fourth springs in the circumferential direction, and the fourth springs are provided with a second self-lubricating sleeve; when the main shaft 34 stretches due to temperature rise, the first spring seat 27 generates tiny sliding under the lubrication of the second self-lubrication sleeve 38, the pretightening force generated by the plurality of fourth springs 37 is basically unchanged due to tiny deformation, and the rigidity of the main shaft unit is ensured;
The third bearing 43 and the fourth bearing 20 for supporting the main shaft sleeve 39 are arranged in an O-shaped mode, the third bearing is arranged on the upper side, the fourth bearing 20 is arranged on the lower side, a plurality of third springs 41 are arranged in the annular direction of the third bearing, an intermediate nut 40 is arranged on the inner side of each third spring, a locking nut 46 is arranged at the fourth bearing, a spring seat 23 supports one side of each third spring, a gland 24 supports the other side of each third spring and the intermediate nut, and a flange sleeve is arranged between the gland and the first spring seat; the pretightening force of the third bearing is realized through a plurality of third springs 41, a middle nut 40 and a locking nut 46, a gap is reserved between the spring seat 23 and the gland 24 during initial installation, when the main shaft sleeve 34 is elongated due to temperature rise, the plurality of third springs 41 are further compressed, the tiny pretightening force of the generated compression amount is basically unchanged, and the rigidity and the speed rotation of the main shaft sleeve are ensured;
the third bearing 43 is mounted through an intermediate bearing housing 44, and a platen 45 is provided above the third bearing.
It should be noted here that, the fourth bearing 20 is mounted by means of a bearing housing 21,
The top of the main shaft 34 is provided with two sets of first bearings 3, first springs are arranged in the circumferential direction of the first bearings, the upper lock nuts 2 are arranged on the top of the main shaft in a sleeved mode, the first springs 6 are compressed by adopting the bearing covers 4 and the upper bearing seats 5, two sides of each first bearing are provided with adjusting pads 8, the pre-tightening of the first bearings 3 is realized by adopting a plurality of first springs 6 and the upper lock nuts 2, when the main shaft 34 stretches due to temperature rise, the upper bearing seats 5 generate tiny sliding under the lubrication of the first self-lubricating sleeves 7, and the pre-tightening force generated by the plurality of first springs 6 basically does not change due to tiny deformation. By means of elastic pre-tightening of the 3 groups of bearings, rigidity and rotating speed of the main shaft are greatly improved, and damage to the bearings is effectively avoided.
The second bearing 54 is disposed in the inner gear ring 14, the inner gear ring 14 supports the planet carrier through the second bearing, the second bearing is disposed by O, an inner ring spacer 52 and an outer ring spacer 51 are disposed between the two sets of second bearings, and a grease blocking disc 50 is disposed at the bottom end of the second bearing.
In addition, the annular of last lock nut 2 still is provided with current encoder subassembly 1, and the encoder subassembly is used for measuring the main shaft rotational speed, and encoder subassembly and motor all are connected with servo control system, and servo control system is the controller of electric main shaft or the controller of lathe, and the controller is PLC controller or other current controllers.
The motorized spindle structure provided by the embodiment can be directly arranged on the ram milling head and also can be directly arranged in the numerical control double-swing-angle universal milling head, so that the requirement that most users can finish rough and finish machining at the same time through one-time clamping is met.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The automatic gear shifting type electric spindle structure is characterized by comprising a spindle and an automatic gear shifting assembly, wherein the automatic gear shifting assembly is arranged on one side of the spindle, the automatic gear shifting assembly comprises a cylinder body, the cylinder body is provided with an oil cylinder, a piston is arranged in the oil cylinder, the top end of the oil cylinder is communicated with an oil inlet channel, the bottom end of the oil cylinder is communicated with an oil outlet channel, hydraulic oil enters the oil cylinder through the oil inlet channel or the oil outlet channel to realize automatic gear shifting, a spindle sleeve is arranged on the periphery of the middle section of the spindle, one end of the spindle sleeve is provided with external teeth, the external teeth of the spindle sleeve are meshed with a first gear, the first gear is connected with the spindle, the spindle sleeve is sleeved with a motor rotor, and the motor rotor drives the spindle sleeve to transmit power to the spindle, so that the spindle works at a high speed; the outer side of the main shaft sleeve is provided with a speed reducing assembly, the speed reducing assembly is connected with the piston, and the motor rotor transmits power to the main shaft through the speed reducing assembly so as to realize the work of the main shaft in a low speed gear;
The speed reduction assembly comprises a planet carrier which is arranged in the annular direction of the main shaft and is supported at an annular gear in the gear cooling sleeve through a second bearing which is arranged in an O shape, the planet carrier supports a plurality of planet gears, the annular gear is meshed with the planet gears, the planet carrier is connected with a piston, and when the piston moves downwards, the first gear is pushed to be disengaged from the outer teeth of the main shaft sleeve, and the planet gears are meshed with the outer teeth of the main shaft sleeve;
the first gear is meshed with the outer teeth of the main shaft sleeve, the motor rotor is fixedly connected with the main shaft sleeve, the first gear is connected with the transmission disc, the transmission disc is connected with the main shaft, and the first gear transmits power to the main shaft through the transmission disc to realize that the main shaft runs in a high-speed gear.
2. The automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein the piston is connected with a push-pull rod, the push-pull rod is connected with a push-pull disc, the push-pull disc is fixed on the inner gear ring, the push-pull rod is arranged beyond the cylinder body, and the push-pull rod is connected with the planet carrier through the push-pull disc, the inner gear ring and the second bearing.
3. The automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein an inner fluted disc is arranged on the upper side of the planet carrier, the inner fluted disc is meshed with a transition gear under the action of the planet carrier, and the transition gear is meshed with the spindle;
the planet wheel is supported on a supporting shaft through a needle bearing, and the supporting shaft is arranged on the planet carrier.
4. The automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein the oil inlet channel is arranged at the top of the oil cylinder, the bottom of the oil outlet channel is bent to be communicated with the oil cylinder, the tops of the oil inlet channel and the oil outlet channel are both positioned at the top of the cylinder body, and the oil inlet channel and the oil outlet channel are respectively connected with the oil tank through hydraulic elements;
The oil cylinder and the guide sleeve are fixedly connected with the first flange plate.
5. The automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure according to claim 2, wherein the push-pull rod is arranged in a guide sleeve, the bottom end of the push-pull rod is arranged beyond the guide sleeve, and a guide ring is arranged in the guide sleeve to guide the push-pull rod.
6. The automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure according to claim 4, further comprising a cooling assembly, wherein the cooling assembly comprises a first sleeve and a second sleeve which are positioned in the circumferential direction of the speed reducing assembly, the first sleeve is connected with the second sleeve through a transition disc, the first flange is provided with a first channel, the lower half section of the first channel is arranged in the first sleeve, the inner side of the first sleeve is provided with a gear cooling sleeve, the gear cooling sleeve is provided with a first spiral groove, the first spiral groove is communicated with the first channel, the first sleeve, the transition disc and the second sleeve are provided with a second channel, a motor cooling sleeve is arranged in the second sleeve, the motor cooling sleeve is provided with a second spiral groove, and the second spiral groove is communicated with the second channel.
7. The automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure according to claim 6, wherein a third sleeve is circumferentially arranged at the bottom end of the spindle, a flange sleeve is arranged between the second sleeve and the third sleeve, a circulation groove is arranged on the flange sleeve, a cooling liquid outlet channel is further arranged through the flange sleeve, the second sleeve, the transition disc and the first sleeve, and the circulation groove is respectively communicated with the second spiral groove and the cooling liquid outlet channel.
8. The automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of sets of fifth bearings are arranged at the bottom end of the spindle, the fifth bearings are arranged in an O-shaped manner, a plurality of fourth springs are arranged above the fifth bearings, lower lock nuts are arranged at the bottoms of the fifth bearings, and the fourth springs and the lower lock nuts are located in the circumferential direction of the spindle so as to provide bearing pretightening force for the fifth bearings;
The main shaft is circumferentially provided with a first spring seat above a fourth spring, and a second self-lubricating sleeve is arranged at the fourth spring.
9. The automatic gear shifting type motorized spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein the spindle collar is supported by a third bearing and a fourth bearing, the third bearing and the fourth bearing are arranged in an O-shaped manner, the third bearing is provided with a plurality of third springs in a circumferential manner, an intermediate nut is arranged on the inner side of each third spring, a locking nut is arranged at the fourth bearing, a spring seat supports one side of each third spring, and a gland supports the other side of each third spring and the intermediate nut;
the top end of the main shaft is provided with a first bearing, a first spring is arranged in the circumferential direction of the first bearing, and the top end of the main shaft is provided with an upper lock nut.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210679354.8A CN115007888B (en) | 2022-06-16 | 2022-06-16 | Automatic gear-shifting electric spindle structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210679354.8A CN115007888B (en) | 2022-06-16 | 2022-06-16 | Automatic gear-shifting electric spindle structure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115007888A CN115007888A (en) | 2022-09-06 |
| CN115007888B true CN115007888B (en) | 2024-11-22 |
Family
ID=83075625
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210679354.8A Active CN115007888B (en) | 2022-06-16 | 2022-06-16 | Automatic gear-shifting electric spindle structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115007888B (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102001011A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2011-04-06 | 莱芜市数控机床研究所 | Boring-milling head for gantry numerical control machine |
| CN103223499A (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2013-07-31 | 北京航空航天大学 | Device capable of improving axial rigidity of main shaft of precision machine tool with adjustable bearing pre-tightening force |
| CN109357008A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-19 | 陕西海力特精密机械有限公司 | Electro spindle is fully cooled sealing structure |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10238653B4 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2004-11-25 | Desch Antriebstechnik Gmbh & Co Kg | Gearbox for installation in a spindle tappet of a machine tool |
-
2022
- 2022-06-16 CN CN202210679354.8A patent/CN115007888B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102001011A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2011-04-06 | 莱芜市数控机床研究所 | Boring-milling head for gantry numerical control machine |
| CN103223499A (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2013-07-31 | 北京航空航天大学 | Device capable of improving axial rigidity of main shaft of precision machine tool with adjustable bearing pre-tightening force |
| CN109357008A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-19 | 陕西海力特精密机械有限公司 | Electro spindle is fully cooled sealing structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115007888A (en) | 2022-09-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN202367453U (en) | Static pressure direct drive rotating platform device of large milling turning machining center | |
| CN103286678A (en) | Multi-functional built-in dynamic-static-pressure motorized spindle for efficient high-speed precision machine | |
| CN103939551A (en) | Ball screw pair with nut main driving | |
| CN107511497B (en) | Numerical control machine tool spindle box system with automatic chuck | |
| CN111151777A (en) | Compact servo turret | |
| CN204977549U (en) | Die setting height adjuster for press | |
| CN102728859B (en) | Axial locking mechanism of machine tool spindle | |
| CN115007888B (en) | Automatic gear-shifting electric spindle structure | |
| CN202715833U (en) | Axial locking mechanism for machine tool spindle | |
| CN116532731B (en) | Gear hobbing device and CNC gear hobbing machine | |
| CN114102174A (en) | Novel end-toothed disc rotary table | |
| CN1030961A (en) | Internal-axis rotary-piston machine | |
| CN207787721U (en) | Axis system for numerically-controlled machine tool | |
| CN104827116A (en) | Swing mechanism | |
| CN214237287U (en) | Planetary speed-increasing and lengthening numerical control milling head | |
| CN207026981U (en) | Transmission main shaft structure and CNC milling machine for CNC milling machine | |
| CN116197734A (en) | Long-life high-precision indexing component | |
| CN210789249U (en) | High-speed feeding electric spindle | |
| CN114273972B (en) | Two-piece tooth-type indexing table based on worm gear and worm gear composite transmission | |
| CN110116370B (en) | Static pressure type high-precision rotary indexing device | |
| CN113000868B (en) | Assembly for electric spindle with hydraulic cylinder and central cooling function | |
| CN210789248U (en) | Integrally-moving mechanical main shaft relative to sliding sleeve | |
| CN209206621U (en) | Milling machine of digital-control spiral conical gear workpiece box | |
| CN204584743U (en) | Multifunctional swing mechanism | |
| CN222078573U (en) | A vertical rotary table for machining center |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |