CN115000386B - Negative electrode active material, negative electrode plate, lithium ion battery and electric equipment - Google Patents
Negative electrode active material, negative electrode plate, lithium ion battery and electric equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115000386B CN115000386B CN202210795076.2A CN202210795076A CN115000386B CN 115000386 B CN115000386 B CN 115000386B CN 202210795076 A CN202210795076 A CN 202210795076A CN 115000386 B CN115000386 B CN 115000386B
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode plate, a lithium ion battery and electric equipment. The oil absorption value of the negative electrode active material provided by the application is 30-100 mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g of the negative electrode active material. The negative electrode plate comprises a current collector and a negative electrode coating arranged on at least one surface of the current collector, wherein the negative electrode coating comprises the negative electrode active material. The lithium ion battery prepared from the negative electrode active material with the oil absorption value of 30-100 mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g of negative electrode active material has excellent high-rate charge-discharge performance, power performance and high-temperature storage performance, can effectively meet the requirements of a hybrid electric vehicle on the lithium ion battery, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of battery materials, in particular to a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode plate, a lithium ion battery and electric equipment.
Background
The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) can reduce fuel consumption and maintain the advantages of the conventional fuel vehicle in the range, and is definitely one of the best choices in the transition period before the new energy vehicle completely replaces the conventional fuel vehicle. The lithium ion battery also provides higher requirements on the ultra-large current charging and discharging capacity of the lithium ion battery, and the existing lithium ion battery applied to the hybrid electric vehicle can generally achieve the current pulse charging of more than 35C and the current pulse discharging of more than 40C, but still cannot meet the requirements on higher power performance and larger charging and discharging multiplying power.
In view of this, the present application is specifically proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The main aim of the application is to provide a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode plate, a lithium ion battery and electric equipment, so that the technical problem that the lithium ion battery prepared from the negative electrode active material in the prior art cannot meet the requirements of higher power performance and larger charge-discharge multiplying power is solved.
In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a negative electrode active material having an absorption value of 30 to 100mL of dibutyl phthalate per 100g of the negative electrode active material.
Further, the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material is 1.0-8.0 m 2 The D50 of the negative electrode active material is 5 to 15 μm, preferably 5 to 12 μm.
Further, the oil absorption value of the negative electrode active material is 35-70 mL dibutyl phthalate per 100g of the negative electrode active material.
Further, the negative electrode active material includes at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, or hard carbon.
Further, the artificial graphite surface contains a carbon material coating layer.
In order to achieve the above object, according to a second aspect of the present application, there is also provided a negative electrode tab including a current collector and a negative electrode coating layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector, the negative electrode coating layer including any one of the negative electrode active materials provided in the first aspect.
Further, the OI value of the negative electrode coating is 1-20, and the compacted density is 1.1-1.5 g/cm 3 The surface density is 2-7 mg/cm 2 。
According to a third aspect of the present application, there is also provided a lithium ion battery comprising a negative electrode sheet, a separator and a positive electrode sheet, the ratio m of the impedance of the negative electrode sheet to the impedance of the positive electrode sheet satisfying: m is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 3.0, wherein the negative electrode plate is any one of the negative electrode plates provided in the second aspect.
Further, 0.6.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.2.05, preferably 0.7.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.1.45.
Further, the positive electrode plate comprises a positive electrode coating, wherein the positive electrode coating comprises a positive electrode active material, and the oil absorption value of the positive electrode active material is 17-60 mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g positive electrode active material.
Further, the positive electrode active material includes at least one of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, or olivine structured lithium-containing phosphate.
In a fourth aspect of the present application, there is also provided an electrical device, including any one of the lithium ion batteries provided in the third aspect.
By applying the technical scheme, the lithium ion battery prepared from the negative electrode active material with the oil absorption value of 30-100 mL dibutyl phthalate/100 negative electrode active material has excellent high-rate charge-discharge performance, power performance and high-temperature storage performance, can effectively meet the requirements of a hybrid electric vehicle on the lithium ion battery, and has wide application prospects.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of mass transfer of lithium ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode during discharge of a lithium ion battery in accordance with some embodiments of the present application.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
As analyzed in the background of the present application, pulse charging and pulse discharging of existing lithium ion batteries cannot meet the requirements of higher power performance and larger charge-discharge rates. In order to solve the problem, the application provides a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode plate, a lithium ion battery and electric equipment.
In one embodiment of the present application, there is provided a negative electrode active material having an oil absorption value of 30 to 100mL of dibutyl phthalate per 100g of the negative electrode active material.
The oil absorption value of the anode active material used herein refers to the volume of dibutyl phthalate that can be absorbed by 100g of the anode active material. For example, an oil absorption value of the anode active material of 30 to 100mL of dibutyl phthalate per 100g of the anode active material means that 100g of the anode active material can absorb 30 to 100mL of dibutyl phthalate.
The oil absorption value of the anode active material is mainly related to the surface area of the anode active material that can be contacted with the oil (dibutyl phthalate), the pore structure of the active material particles, and the distribution. The oil absorption value can well represent the behaviors of the anode active material such as the reactive area in the electrode, the liquid phase diffusion of the electrolyte in the particle pores and the like, which are related to the power performance of the lithium ion battery and the high-rate charge-discharge performance. The oil absorption value is too small, the particles of the anode active material are not easy to disperse, the slurry is easy to settle, and the diffusion of lithium ions is not facilitated, so that the mass transfer resistance is increased; the oil absorption value is too large, the stacking density of the anode active material is low, the pole piece of the rolling procedure is easy to discard, and the oil absorption value is too large, so that the reactive area in the electrode is increased, side reaction is increased, and the high-temperature storage performance is deteriorated.
The negative electrode active material with the oil absorption value of 30-100 mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g of negative electrode active material can improve the pore smoothness of the accumulation of the powder particles of the negative electrode active material, so that the diffusion rate of lithium ions on a negative electrode active material layer is improved, the resistance value of mass transfer is reduced, and the lithium ion battery prepared based on the negative electrode active material has excellent high-rate charge-discharge performance, power performance and high-temperature storage performance, can effectively meet the requirements of a hybrid electric vehicle on the lithium ion battery, and has wide application prospect.
The above-mentioned method for determining the oil absorption value may refer to the relevant regulations in GB/T3780.2-2017, and will not be described herein.
In order to further improve the high-rate charge-discharge performance and the power performance of the lithium ion battery, the specific surface area of the anode active material is 1.0-8.0 m 2 And/g, D50 is 5-15 μm.
The larger the specific surface area of the anode active material is, the more lithium intercalation channels and reaction sites are formed on the surface, which is favorable for the charge and discharge of the lithium ion battery with ultra-large current, but the larger the specific surface area is, the more severe the surface side reaction is, and the deterioration of the high-temperature storage life of the lithium ion battery can be caused.
In some embodiments, the specific surface area of the anode active material is 3.0 to 6.0m 2 And/g, so that the negative electrode active material can be beneficial to the ultra-large current charge and discharge of the lithium ion battery, and can ensure that the lithium ion battery has more excellent high-temperature storage life.
The above D50 represents 50% by volume of the anode active material particles smaller than this particle diameter, based on the total volume of all anode active material particles, which can be measured by a laser diffraction degree distribution measuring instrument (Mastersizer 3000). The larger the D50 of the negative electrode active material is, the larger the solid-phase diffusion path is, which is unfavorable for the ultra-large current charge and discharge of the lithium ion battery, and the smaller the D50 of the negative electrode active material is, which is unfavorable for lithium intercalation. When the D50 of the negative electrode active material is 5-15 mu m, the prepared lithium ion battery has more excellent ultra-large current charge and discharge performance.
In some embodiments, when the D50 of the negative electrode active material is 5-12 μm, the prepared lithium ion battery has better ultra-large current charge-discharge performance.
In order to further improve the ultra-large current charge-discharge performance and the power performance of the lithium ion battery, the oil absorption value of the anode active material is 35-70 mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material.
Typically, but not by way of limitation, the above-described anode active material has an oil absorption value of, for example, 30mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material, 35mL dibutyl phthalateEster/100 g anode active material, 40mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material, 45mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material, 50mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material, 55mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material, 60mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material, 65mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material, 70mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material, 80mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material, 90mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material, 100mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material, or a range of values consisting of any two; the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material is 1.0m 2 /g、1.5m 2 /g、1.8m 2 /g、2m 2 /g、3m 2 /g、4m 2 /g、5m 2 /g、6m 2 /g、7m 2 /g、8m 2 G or a range of values consisting of any two values; the D50 of the negative electrode active material is, for example, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm, 15 μm or a range of values consisting of any two values.
The specific type of the above-mentioned anode active material is not limited, and any anode active material satisfying the above-mentioned oil absorption value may be used. When the negative electrode active material is selected from any one or a mixture of more than one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon and hard carbon, the power performance of the prepared lithium ion battery is more excellent.
The preparation method of the artificial graphite is not limited, and any preparation method can be used for preparing the artificial graphite with the oil absorption value. In some embodiments of the present application, the above artificial graphite is prepared according to the following method: and (3) sequentially carrying out heat treatment, graphitization, coating and carbonization on the precursor to obtain the artificial graphite.
The particular type of precursor described above is not limited and any type of precursor that can be used to produce artificial graphite may be used, including but not limited to needle coke, petroleum coke, pitch coke, or any combination of one or more of the other coke types. In order to further improve the preparation efficiency of the artificial graphite, the precursor is in a powder form, and the D50 of the precursor is 3-13 mu m.
In order to further improve the efficiency of the heat treatment, the temperature of the heat treatment is 400-700 ℃ and the time is 6-15 h.
In order to further improve the graphitization efficiency, the graphitization temperature is 2000-3200 ℃ and the graphitization time is 20-60 h.
The coating agent used for the above coating is not limited, and any substance capable of carbonizing to form carbon may be used, and from the viewpoint of further improving the coating efficiency, the coating agent is selected from any one or more of petroleum pitch, coal pitch, polymer resin including but not limited to polyolefin resin or acrylic resin, or biomass material including but not limited to saccharide.
The carbonization temperature is 700-1800 ℃ and the time is 10-30 hours, so as to further improve the carbonization efficiency.
In order to avoid that the performance of the artificial graphite is affected by introducing impurities such as oxygen during carbonization, the carbonization is performed under the protection of an inert atmosphere, wherein the inert atmosphere comprises a mixed gas of any one or more of argon, helium and nitrogen.
In addition, in order to avoid that excessive carbon residue formed after carbonization of the coating agent influences the performance of the artificial graphite, the mass ratio of the carbon residue after carbonization of the coating agent in the artificial graphite is 1-5%.
In some embodiments of the present application, in order to avoid that impurities introduced during the preparation of the artificial graphite affect the performance of the artificial graphite, the preparation method of the artificial graphite further includes sieving and demagnetizing after carbonization, so as to obtain the artificial graphite satisfying the oil absorption value.
Typically, but not by way of limitation, in the above-described artificial graphite process, the temperature of the heat treatment is, for example, 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃, 550 ℃, 600 ℃, 650 ℃, 700 ℃ or a range between any two values, and the time of the heat treatment is, for example, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h, 15h or a range between any two values; graphitization is carried out at a temperature of 2000 ℃, 2200 ℃, 2500 ℃, 2800 ℃, 3000 ℃, 3200 or a range value between any two values, and graphitization is carried out for a time of 20h, 25h, 30h, 40h, 50h, 60h or a range value between any two values; the carbonization temperature is 700 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1200 ℃, 1400 ℃, 1500 ℃, 1600 ℃, 1800 ℃ or any range value between any two values, and the carbonization time is 10 hours, 12 hours, 15 hours, 20 hours, 25 hours, 30 hours or any range value between any two values.
In another embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a negative electrode tab including a current collector and a negative electrode coating layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector, the negative electrode coating layer including a negative electrode active material, the negative electrode active material being any one of the negative electrode active materials provided in the first exemplary embodiment described above.
By applying the technical scheme, the lithium ion battery prepared by adopting the negative electrode plate of the negative electrode active material with the specific oil absorption value has excellent high-rate charge-discharge performance, power performance and high-temperature storage performance, can effectively meet the requirement of a hybrid electric vehicle on the lithium ion battery, and has wide application prospect.
The negative electrode coating of the negative electrode plate further comprises a conductive agent and a binder, the types and the contents of the conductive agent and the binder are not particularly limited, the negative electrode coating can be selected according to actual requirements, the types of the negative electrode current collector are not limited, and the negative electrode coating can be selected according to actual requirements, for example, the negative electrode current collector is a copper foil.
In order to further improve the power performance and larger charge-discharge rate performance of the lithium ion battery, the OI value of the anode coating is 1-20, and the compaction density is 1.1-1.5 g/cm 3 The surface density is 2-7 mg/cm 2 。
The above OI value is used to characterize the crystal phase index of the negative electrode coating, oi=c004/C110, wherein C004 is the peak area of the 004 characteristic diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the negative electrode coating, and C110 is the peak area of the 110 characteristic diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the negative electrode coating. The smaller the OI value of the anode coating, the more end faces are available for embedding active ions, the better the dynamic performance of the battery, and the more favorable the high-rate charging of the battery. However, the end face of the anode coating, into which active ions can be embedded, is increased to a certain extent, so that stripping of organic solvents such as electrolyte and the like can not be caused, the first coulombic efficiency and irreversible capacity loss of the battery are increased, the cycle life of the battery is influenced, meanwhile, the energy density of the battery is reduced due to the increase of isotropy of the anode coating, and when the OI value of the anode coating is 1-20, the anode piece can keep the adhesion stability of the anode active coating and a current collector and excellent dynamic performance.
The surface density of the negative electrode coating mainly influences the infiltration and diffusion of electrolyte in the negative electrode plate. The shorter the area density is, the shorter the distance from the surface of the negative electrode plate to the bottom layer is, the smaller the concentration polarization is, and the higher the high-current charge and discharge performance of the battery is facilitated. However, the compaction density is too high, so that the electrolyte is not favorable for infiltrating the negative electrode plate, and the diffusion rate of the liquid phase is limited, thereby further affecting the cycle performance of the battery. The compacted density of the cathode coating is 1.1-1.5 g/cm 3 The battery can be ensured to have higher energy density, electrolyte can be facilitated to infiltrate the negative electrode plate, and therefore the battery can have excellent cycle performance.
Typically, but not by way of limitation, the anode coating has an OI value of 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, or any two values in the range; the negative electrode coating has a compacted density of, for example, 1.1g/cm 3 、1.2g/cm 3 、1.3g/cm 3 、1.4g/cm 3 、1.5g/cm 3 Or a range value consisting of any two values; the surface density of the negative electrode coating is 2mg/cm 2 、3mg/cm 2 、4mg/cm 2 、5mg/cm 2 、6mg/cm 2 、7mg/cm 2 Or a range of values consisting of any two values.
In another embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a lithium ion battery including a positive electrode sheet, a separator, and a negative electrode sheet, a ratio m of an impedance of the negative electrode sheet to an impedance of the positive electrode sheet satisfying: m is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 3.0, wherein the negative electrode plate is the negative electrode plate.
In some embodiments of the present application, the impedance of the negative electrode plate is between 0.8 and 2.5 Ω, and the impedance of the positive electrode plate is between 0.8 and 2.5 Ω.
By applying the technical scheme, the lithium ion battery is prepared from the negative electrode plate prepared from the negative electrode active material with a specific oil absorption value, and the ratio m of the impedance of the negative electrode plate to the impedance of the positive electrode plate is 0.5-3.0, so that the lithium ion battery not only has excellent high-rate charge-discharge performance and power performance, but also has excellent high-temperature storage performance, simultaneously can reduce lithium separation risk, can effectively meet the requirement of a hybrid electric vehicle on the lithium ion battery, and has wide application prospect.
The mass transfer impedance R of the pole piece is the impedance of lithium ions in the porous electrode, and is related to the power performance of the lithium ion battery and the high-rate charge-discharge performance. And under the condition of normal-temperature high-rate charge and discharge, the mass transfer impedance R of the pole piece has increased influence on performance. As shown in fig. 1, in some embodiments of the present application, during the discharging process of the lithium ion battery, lithium ions pass through the separator from the hole of the negative electrode plate and enter the hole of the positive electrode plate, a certain gradient exists in the concentration of the lithium ions, and the greater the current, the greater the concentration gradient, the more obvious the concentration polarization. If the impedance of the negative electrode plate and the impedance of the positive electrode plate differ too much, concentration polarization in the mass transfer process can be aggravated, so that the power performance is reduced, and when the impedance of the negative electrode plate and the impedance of the positive electrode plate differ too much, the lithium ion battery has excellent power performance and ultra-large current charge-discharge performance. When the ratio m of the impedance of the negative electrode plate to the impedance of the positive electrode plate is too large, the mass transfer impedance of the negative electrode plate is far greater than the impedance of the positive electrode plate, lithium ions can rapidly flow from the positive electrode plate to the negative electrode plate when the lithium ion battery is charged at a high multiplying power, but the mass transfer impedance of the negative electrode plate is large, and lithium ions on the surface of the negative electrode plate can be separated out on the surface of the negative electrode plate due to the fact that the lithium ions cannot timely enter a gap of the negative electrode plate, so that the lithium separation risk is increased.
The impedance of the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate can be obtained by testing on an electrochemical workstation, particularly, the electrochemical impedance EIS of the electrode plate is tested by the electrochemical workstation under the condition of 25+/-5 ℃, and the impedance of the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate is obtained, wherein the frequency of disturbance alternating current in impedance testing is 300 kHz-0.2 Hz, and the amplitude is +/-5 mV. The ratio m of the impedance of the negative pole piece to the impedance of the positive pole piece = negative pole piece impedance/positive pole piece impedance. The above-mentioned impedance test method is merely exemplary, and not limiting, and any impedance test method can be used in the art to test the impedance values of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab, for example, using a single probe tester, a double probe tester, or a four probe tester.
In order to further improve the high-rate charge and discharge performance of the lithium ion battery and reduce the impedance difference between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, the positive electrode plate comprises a positive electrode coating, and the oil absorption value of a positive electrode active material in the positive electrode coating is 17-60 mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g of positive electrode active material.
The type of the above-mentioned positive electrode active material is not limited, and any positive electrode active material satisfying the above-mentioned oil absorption value may be used, including, but not limited to, any one or more of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and olivine-structured lithium-containing phosphate.
The positive electrode coating of the positive electrode plate further comprises a conductive agent and a binder, the types and the contents of the conductive agent and the binder are not particularly limited, the positive electrode plate can be selected according to actual requirements, the types of the positive electrode current collector are not limited, and the positive electrode plate can be selected according to actual requirements, for example, the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum foil.
The separator is not limited in type and includes, but is not limited to, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and multi-layer composite films formed from various materials.
The lithium ion battery further comprises electrolyte, and the specific type and composition of the electrolyte are not limited and can be selected according to actual requirements.
In order to further improve the high-rate charge and discharge performance of the lithium ion battery and further reduce the lithium precipitation risk, m is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 2.05, and particularly when m is more than or equal to 0.7 and less than or equal to 1.45, the high-rate charge and discharge performance of the lithium ion battery is more excellent, and the lithium precipitation risk is lower.
In another embodiment, in the lithium ion battery provided herein, m is, for example, a value ranging from 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.45, 1.5, 1.8, 2.0, 2.05, 2.5, 3.0, or any two values, and the positive electrode active material has an oil absorption value such as a value ranging from 17mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g positive electrode active material, 20mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g positive electrode active material, 25mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g positive electrode active material, 30mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g positive electrode active material, 35mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g positive electrode active material, 40mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g positive electrode active material, 45mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g positive electrode active material, 50mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g positive electrode active material, 55mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g positive electrode active material, 60mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g positive electrode active material, or any two values.
In another embodiment of the present application, there is also provided an electrical device including the above lithium ion battery.
The electric equipment can be, but is not limited to, an electric automobile, a battery car, a ship, a spacecraft, a mobile phone, a flat plate, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool and the like. Wherein, the spacecraft can comprise an airplane, a rocket, a space plane, a spacecraft and the like; the electric toy may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as electric tank toys, game machines, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric plane toys, and the like.
The advantageous effects of the present application will be further described below with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a lithium ion battery, which is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) Preparation of positive electrode sheet
Mixing nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide (molar ratio Ni: co: mn=60:20:20) and lithium hydroxide in a mixer according to a molar ratio of 1:1.025, calcining the mixed materials in a common box furnace at 700 ℃ for 8 hours under an oxygen atmosphere, and then cooling, crushing and sieving to obtain the LiNi with an oil absorption value of 45mL 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 Positive electrode active material. Polyvinylidene the prepared positive electrode active material, conductive carbon black and binderMixing fluoroethylene (PVDF) according to a mass ratio of 95:3:2, adding solvent N-methyl pyrrolidone, and stirring under the action of a stirrer until the system is in a uniform state to obtain anode slurry; and uniformly coating the anode slurry on an anode current collector aluminum foil, and sequentially rolling and slitting after the anode slurry is dried in an oven to obtain an anode sheet.
(2) Preparation of negative electrode sheet
150 g of needle Jiao Yangpin having a D50 of 9 μm were charged into a crucible, and the sample was calcined in a muffle furnace at 500℃for 7 hours, after which the temperature of the muffle furnace was raised to 2500℃for high-temperature carbonization for 30 hours. After the carbonization is finished and the sample is cooled, taking out and transferring the sample into ball milling equipment, ball milling the sample, sieving the sample to obtain the product with D50 of 8 mu m and specific surface area of 6m 2 Mixing and adding solvent deionized water into the prepared artificial graphite, conductive carbon black, thickener carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and binder Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) according to the mass ratio of 96.4:1:1.2:1.4, and stirring under the action of a stirrer until the system is uniform to obtain negative electrode slurry; uniformly coating the negative electrode slurry on a negative electrode current collector copper foil, drying in an oven, and sequentially rolling and slitting to obtain a negative electrode plate with a negative electrode coating, wherein the IO value of the negative electrode coating in the negative electrode plate is 10, and the compaction density is 1.3g/cm 3 The surface density is 5mg/cm 2 。
(3) Preparation of lithium ion batteries
And winding the positive pole piece, the isolating film and the negative pole piece in sequence to obtain a bare cell, placing the bare cell in an outer packaging shell, vacuum drying, injecting electrolyte, standing, forming, shaping and capacity division to obtain the lithium ion battery, wherein the ratio m of the impedance of the negative pole piece to the impedance of the positive pole piece is 1.
Examples 2 to 30 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are different from example 1 in that the parameters related to the lithium ion battery are adjusted as shown in Table 1. Wherein:
examples 2-6 and comparative examples 1-2 artificial graphite of different oil absorption values can be obtained by adjusting the carbonization time of needle coke samples.
Examples 6-9 artificial graphite with different D50 can be obtained by adjusting the number of passing mesh.
Examples 10-13 artificial graphite of different specific surface areas can be obtained by adjusting the milling time.
Examples 14-17 negative electrode sheets of different OI values were obtained by adjusting the carbonization temperature.
Examples 18-19 negative electrode sheets of different compacted densities were obtained by controlling the amount of rolling pressure.
Examples 20-21 negative electrode coatings of different areal densities can be obtained by controlling the coating quality of the negative electrode slurry.
Examples 22-24 positive electrode materials of different oil absorption values were obtained by controlling the calcination temperature of the nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide and lithium hydroxide mixture.
Examples 25-29 can obtain positive pole pieces of different impedances by controlling the thickness of the positive pole pieces, thereby obtaining different ratios of the negative pole piece impedance to the positive pole piece impedance.
Example 30 in contrast to example 1, soft carbon was produced by replacing needle Jiao Tihuan with coal tar pitch, the calcination temperature with 300 ℃, and the carbonization temperature with 800 ℃.
Example 31 differs from example 1 in that the natural graphite was ball milled directly and then sieved.
Example 32 differs from example 1 in that; the needle coke is replaced by glucose, the calcining temperature is replaced by 240 ℃, the carbonization temperature is replaced by 1100 ℃, and the hard carbon is prepared.
The lithium ion batteries prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were tested in the following manner:
1) Testing the maximum charging multiplying power and the maximum discharging multiplying power of the lithium ion battery:
at 25+ -5deg.C, 50% SOC, the battery voltage is detected by discharging with an xC current for 10s, and if the voltage reaches 2.5-2.55V, the xC is the maximum discharge rate.
And charging for 10s at 25+/-5 ℃ and 50% SOC by adopting the current of yC, detecting the voltage of the battery at the moment, and if the voltage reaches between 4.25 and 4.3V, setting the yC at the maximum charging multiplying power at the moment.
2) Lithium ion battery 60 ℃ storage 30d capacity retention test: at 60 ℃, the initial capacity C0 of the lithium ion battery is tested, the charge-discharge current is 1C/1C, the lithium ion battery is adjusted to 80% soc, the lithium ion battery is placed in an oven for 30d (days), the stored capacity C1 is tested by 1C/1C, and the capacity retention rate=c1/C0 at 60 ℃ for 30d is calculated.
Test data were collected to obtain test results, which are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
| Maximum charging rate C | Maximum discharge rate C | 30d capacity retention at 60% | |
| Example 1 | 44.5 | 55.6 | 93.5 |
| Example 2 | 41.9 | 51.2 | 91.1 |
| Example 3 | 44.1 | 53.1 | 93.0 |
| Example 4 | 44.9 | 55.7 | 93.9 |
| Example 5 | 44.5 | 55.8 | 86.7 |
| Example 6 | 45.0 | 55.8 | 92.4 |
| Example 7 | 45.7 | 55.9 | 92.8 |
| Example 8 | 44.6 | 55.0 | 93.6 |
| Example 9 | 42.6 | 52.6 | 94.1 |
| Example 10 | 40.6 | 50.2 | 94.2 |
| Example 11 | 45.0 | 54.5 | 93.8 |
| Example 12 | 43.8 | 54.7 | 93.7 |
| Example 13 | 46.0 | 55.8 | 90.0 |
| Example 14 | 40.8 | 49.8 | 89.7 |
| Example 15 | 43.5 | 52.6 | 92.8 |
| Example 16 | 44.2 | 53.8 | 93.1 |
| Example 17 | 40.6 | 48.6 | 90.2 |
| Example 18 | 42.6 | 51.0 | 90.6 |
| Example 19 | 41.8 | 50.8 | 91.2 |
| Example 20 | 45.0 | 56.0 | 93.6 |
| Example 21 | 40.9 | 49.9 | 93.1 |
| Example 22 | 42.5 | 52.8 | 94.6 |
| Example 23 | 44.0 | 55.2 | 94.0 |
| Example 24 | 44.8 | 55.9 | 92.3 |
| Example 25 | 42.5 | 52.4 | 91.1 |
| Example 26 | 44.1 | 55.2 | 93.1 |
| Example 27 | 44.6 | 55.7 | 93.6 |
| Example 28 | 41.9 | 52.6 | 91.2 |
| Example 29 | 40.8 | 51.2 | 90.6 |
| Example 30 | 41.5 | 52.3 | 90.2 |
| Example 31 | 44.2 | 55.4 | 93.1 |
| Example 32 | 43.6 | 51.9 | 90.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 35.6 | 42.8 | 83.6 |
| Comparative example 2 | 38.2 | 46.9 | 79.2 |
As can be seen from the test results of the above examples and comparative examples, the above examples of the present application achieve the following technical effects:
the lithium ion battery is prepared from the negative electrode plate prepared from the negative electrode active material with a specific oil absorption value, and the ratio m of the impedance of the negative electrode plate to the impedance of the positive electrode plate is 0.5-3.0, so that the lithium ion battery not only has excellent high-rate charge-discharge performance and power performance, but also has excellent high-temperature storage performance, and meanwhile, the lithium separation risk can be reduced. From the test data of comparative examples 1, 2, when the oil absorption value of the anode active material is less than 30mL, the maximum charge rate C of the battery is deteriorated, and when the oil absorption value of the anode active material is more than 100mL, the capacity retention rate at high temperature for 30 days of the battery is deteriorated.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The lithium ion battery comprises a negative electrode plate, a diaphragm and a positive electrode plate, and is characterized in that the ratio m of the impedance of the negative electrode plate to the impedance of the positive electrode plate is as follows: m is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 3.0; the negative electrode plate comprises a current collector and a negative electrode coating arranged on at least one surface of the current collector, wherein the negative electrode coating comprises a negative electrode active material;
the oil absorption value of the anode active material is 30-100 mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g anode active material; the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material is 1.0-8.0 m 2 And/g, wherein the D50 of the negative electrode active material is 5-15 mu m; the negative active material includes at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, or hard carbon; the OI value of the anode coating is 1-20, and the compaction density is 1.1-1.5 g/cm 3 The surface density is 2-7 mg/cm 2 ；
The positive electrode plate comprises a positive electrode coating, wherein the positive electrode coating comprises a positive electrode active material, and the oil absorption value of the positive electrode active material is 17-60 mL dibutyl phthalate/100 g positive electrode active material; the positive electrode active material includes at least one of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, or olivine structured lithium-containing phosphate.
2. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the D50 of the negative electrode active material is 5 to 12 μm.
3. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the oil absorption value of the negative electrode active material is 35-70 ml dibutyl phthalate per 100g of the negative electrode active material.
4. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the artificial graphite surface comprises a carbon material coating.
5. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein 0.6.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.2.05.
6. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein 0.7.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.1.45.
7. A powered device comprising a lithium-ion battery as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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Address after: 518000 1-2 Floor, Building A, Xinwangda Industrial Park, No. 18 Tangjianan Road, Gongming Street, Guangming New District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Xinwangda Power Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 518107 1-2 Floor, Building A, Xinwangda Industrial Park, No. 18 Tangjianan Road, Gongming Street, Guangming New District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: SUNWODA ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY Co.,Ltd. |
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