CN114991770B - Island working face grouting anti-flushing stoping method based on multistage divergent directional well - Google Patents
Island working face grouting anti-flushing stoping method based on multistage divergent directional well Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/002—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
- E21B47/0025—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection generating an image of the borehole wall using down-hole measurements, e.g. acoustic or electric
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of island working face safety stoping, in particular to an island working face grouting anti-flushing stoping method based on a multistage divergent directional well, which comprises the following specific steps: s1: drilling and positioning, and installing a drilling machine: s2: drilling and forming holes on a vertical well section; s3: a directional drilling process of forward circulation rotary drilling is adopted; s4: drilling a water guiding fracture zone three-well zone interval; s5: drilling to a grouting target interval, and finishing pore forming of each branch well of the three-open-well interval of the water guide fracture zone: s6: after grouting and drilling holes, cleaning the drilled hole walls; s7: grouting and filling: s8: forming a safety and stability section; s9: and detecting after construction, and comprehensively evaluating the filling grouting quality. The invention solves the problem of being threatened by rock burst disasters in the island working face stoping process, and the designed scour prevention technology based on multi-stage divergent branch directional drilling grouting can effectively improve the working face stress environment, reduce the pressure and prevent scour, thereby realizing safe and efficient island working face stoping.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of island working face safety stoping, in particular to a new filling process of a goaf, which can effectively prevent rock burst and achieve the aim of safety production in the island working face mining process, and particularly relates to an island working face grouting anti-flushing stoping method based on a multistage divergent directional well.
Background
When existing structures inconvenient to remove exist on the surface of a coal field, strip mining is a common mining method for reducing damage of mining disturbance to ground structures, and the structural principle of an island working surface/strip goaf plan is shown in fig. 1. However, island coal pillars are easy to form in the well field by strip mining, and the rock burst prevention and control difficulty is increased.
Because the movement of the C-shaped overlying strata space structure is easy to cause in the island working face stoping process, high stress concentration (superposition of goaf side supporting pressure and working face advanced supporting pressure) is formed in two cis-slot surrounding rocks within the advanced influence range, and in addition, in the coal-based rock stratum, different rock formation time and mineral composition cause different degrees of differences in the aspects of thickness, mechanical properties and the like of each rock stratum. The relatively hard thick rock layers play a main role in controlling the deformation and damage of overlying rock bodies in a stope, and support the pressure of the upper rock bodies in a form of a certain mechanical structure (plates or simply beams and the like), and the structural form (such as masonry beams) formed after the rupture of the thick rock layers directly influences the development of the mine pressure of the stope and the movement of the rock layers. We call critical layers, such formations can be subjected to large horizontal stresses, accumulating large amounts of energy, and sudden fractures of such formations are prone to induced rock burst.
During working face stoping, a plurality of groups of hard top plates existing on the rock-covering top plates initially collapse and periodically break, so that the working face is greatly influenced, and the shock-impact rock burst is possibly generated.
Along with the stoping of the working face, the area of the goaf is continuously increased, the overlying strata of the coal bed is continuously broken, horizontal stress is continuously developed upwards, so that the stress of an upper key layer is increased, and after the strength of the key layer is exceeded, the key layer is broken to form rock burst (low position) or induce ore shock (high position).
In addition, after the large-area gob mining (more than 2 strip working surfaces are continuously mined) under the island working surface condition, the S-shaped overlying rock space structure is formed, and high stress concentration (superposition of goaf side supporting pressure and working surface advanced supporting pressure) is formed in surrounding rock within the advanced influence range of gob-side slots, so that rock burst is easy to induce. Moreover, the reserved coal pillars of the strip mining are wider, the coal seam recovery rate is low, and the village is seriously pressed.
The dangerous area of rock burst can seriously affect the safety production of mines, so that the monitoring and control work of the rock burst must be enhanced, the mining face of the whole mine is covered by the mine pressure observation, corresponding measures are timely taken for the pressure display area, the rock burst is prevented, and the safety production is ensured.
Whereas the current conventional control measure for rock burst is: establishing a rock burst monitoring comprehensive early warning platform, collecting various rock burst monitoring, engineering and mine pressure data, realizing multi-factor comprehensive data collection, analysis and early warning, comprehensive analysis, system judgment, and making anti-collision measures by some vector release, guiding and serving rock burst prevention and control; the specific process means are as follows: compiling anti-collision measures through expert evaluation of company organizations; and (3) utilizing automatic monitoring equipment to timely master stress distribution and evolution conditions of each operation site. According to each monitoring data, advanced investigation of the stress concentration area, adopting pressure relief measures such as large-diameter drilling pressure relief, coal seam blasting, roof presplitting, coal seam bottom plate pressure relief and the like; the comprehensive supporting modes such as anchor rods, anchor cables, W steel belts, metal nets and the like are adopted in the tunneling process. All operators in the operation site area are limited, all operators must sign in, the operators get the license plate to enter, the 'go out one by one' principle is maintained, and the operators are strictly forbidden to overrun; adopts a protection mode of anti-flushing clothing and safety helmet.
When the conventional rock burst conventional prevention and treatment measures are applied to the island working face mining process, the island working face structure and the mining working condition specificity cannot achieve good expectations.
In order to eliminate the potential safety hazard caused by rock burst in the island working face and realize the safe anti-impact exploitation of the island working face, the invention designs a novel island working face safe stoping grouting filling technology after summarizing the years of working experience of constructors of application units so as to better solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve one of the technical problems, the invention uses grouting filling, and slurry to bond goaf broken rock to form slurry stone body and support the coal seam roof, thereby guaranteeing the stability of overlying strata on the island working face, reducing roof pressure of the island working face, reducing possibility of rock burst in principle, realizing safe stoping of the island working face after filling treatment, and adopting the technical scheme that: the island working face grouting anti-flushing stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well adopts a multistage divergent directional hole structure, wherein the multistage divergent directional hole structure comprises a vertical well interval, a bedrock section two-open well zone interval is formed at the tail end of the vertical well zone interval, and a water guide slit zone three-open well zone interval is formed at the tail end of each bedrock section two-open well zone interval;
The island working face grouting anti-flushing stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well comprises the following specific steps of:
s1: drilling and positioning, and installing a drilling machine:
the specific steps of drilling and positioning are as follows:
Selecting a proper position as an opening position of a vertical one-well section of the grouting construction drilling hole in the island working face goaf;
Grouting drilling adopts a single/double row uniformly distributed mode;
Determining a track of the two open well sections in the interval section of the two open well sections of the bedrock section according to the field geological conditions, and setting coordinates of branching points of the two open well sections of the interval section of the two open well sections of the bedrock section and the inclination angle of drilling holes;
determining a target grouting layer to grouting the top of a target interval, namely: the upper boundary of the fracture zone is the starting point of the three-open zone interval of the water guide fracture zone so as to grouting the bottom of the target interval, namely: the bottom plate of the goaf coal bed is the end point of the interval of the three-open zone of the water guide fracture zone;
S2: drilling and forming holes on a vertical well section;
installing and debugging drilling equipment and a circulating system before drilling, and simultaneously preparing enough pre-hydrated bentonite-based slurry;
Vertically drilling, and forming a hole on a vertical well section;
In the process of forming the hole of the vertical one-open well section, firstly constructing a branch hole of the vertical one-open well section, after drilling the branch hole to form the hole, starting grouting filling, and after grouting and pressurizing, carrying out repeated Kong Fu injection, and after reaching the grouting final hole standard, waiting and solidifying for 48-72 h;
after vertical drilling, the wall protection sleeve is put into a loose layer, well cementation cement paste is poured into the wall protection sleeve, after well cementation is finished, a pressing test is carried out, and after the test is qualified, the subsequent operation can be carried out.
When slag discharge is difficult in a vertical well section stage, slurry can be blended to serve as drilling circulating liquid to improve slag carrying capacity;
s3: measuring an inclination angle and an azimuth angle while drilling by adopting a directional drilling process of forward circulation rotary drilling, and forming holes on two open sections of the bedrock section;
Adding a directional deflection section according to the requirement, and arranging a plurality of branch holes in the two well sections of the bedrock section according to the design track, wherein each branch hole is divided into a directional deflection section and a slope stabilizing section;
Drilling and constructing branch holes of each level of the two-well-opening interval section of the base rock section on the upper side of each level of branch hole in the two-well-opening interval section of the base rock section, and grouting and reinforcing the hole wall of each level of branch hole after drilling;
drilling by using clear water with large discharge capacity, reducing the concentration of annular rock debris, and ensuring the cleaning of a well bore by a deflecting section;
after deflecting, drag reduction and anti-blocking measures are comprehensively implemented;
Logging operation is carried out in the drilling process, logging is carried out during drilling, original record of drilling is made during drilling, and drilling speed is recorded; recording the positions, depths and values of the layers, the depths and the values of the layers, the diameters and the values of the layers, and the important links such as the diameter changing layer are recorded in detail when water leakage, hole collapse, diameter shrinkage, drill falling and the like occur in the drilling process; the rock cuttings logging is performed, the rock cuttings logging tables are tidied and summarized in real time, and verification and inspection are performed on the stratum; in the drilling process, simple hydrological observation records are carried out, and the consumption of circulating liquid is recorded in detail;
The purpose of logging during drilling is to ensure the safety of rock stratum drilling above a goaf of an island working face and to rapidly cope with sudden accidents according to drilling conditions;
The logging operation specifically comprises the following steps: logging rock cuttings, logging while drilling, simple hydrologic observation and the like;
s4: three open well sections of the open water guide fracture zone three open well sections;
When the water guide fracture zone is drilled with a three-well-opening zone interval, the three-well-opening zone is required to be drilled on the upper sides of each level of branch holes of the two-well-opening zone interval of the bedrock section to form a step-by-step divergent branch hole, and as the vertical one-well-opening zone, each level of branch holes and the hole wall of the previous level of branch hole of the current branch hole are reinforced by grouting, the hole wall is relatively complete, the success rate of the side drilling of the next level of branch hole is high, the speed is high, and the drilling construction is ensured to be safer and more efficient;
s5: drilling to a grouting target interval, and finishing pore forming of each branch well of the three-open-well interval of the water guide fracture zone:
Directly observing the slurry filling condition of the goaf through drilling and coring; the core sampling rate and RQD are recorded and calculated in detail in the drilling process; the filling cementation degree of slurry to the cavity and the crack is described in an important way, the hardness degree, the integrity and the like of the slurry calculus body are drawn and detected, a drilling hole histogram is drawn and detected, and rock core image data is produced;
Logging while drilling is performed in the drilling process, the logging while drilling is suitable for inclined drilling with different inclination angles, a logging instrument is additionally arranged at the drill collar position of the drilling tool, and various parameters of an inclined directional drilling stratum are acquired by using the logging while drilling;
S6: after grouting and drilling holes are formed, cleaning the drilled hole wall, adopting a drilling imaging technology to image the whole continuous drilling of the bedrock section, observing the crack condition of the hole wall, and providing a basis for selecting grouting filling parameters such as slurry type, grouting pressure, grouting flow and the like; ;
S7: grouting and filling:
grouting from an upper wellhead of the vertical well section to the inside, and controlling grouting parameters at any time in the grouting process;
S8: after grouting is completed, a safe and stable section is formed in the goaf of the island working face after grouting, and the safe and stable section is used for reducing the probability of rock burst in the stoping process of the island working face;
s9: and detecting after construction, and comprehensively evaluating the filling grouting quality.
In any of the above schemes, it is preferable that each stage of branch hole in the three-open-well zone interval of each water-guiding fracture zone is an effective grouting zone directional drilling.
In any of the above schemes, it is preferable that at least one row of effective grouting section directional drilling holes are arranged for the strip goaf with the mining width less than 50 m; and setting at least two rows of effective grouting section directional drilling holes for the strip goaf with the mining width of more than 60 m.
In any of the above schemes, it is preferable that the target point spacing of the directional drilling of the adjacent effective grouting sections is between 30 and 60 m.
In any of the above schemes, it is preferable that the drilling circulation fluid is required to be kept in a monitoring state during drilling of each branch hole of the vertical one-open well section, the bedrock section two-open well section and the water guide fracture zone three-open well section.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the monitoring process, when the consumption of drilling circulating fluid is not great, the directional drilling machine can drill in a top leakage way without special treatment;
when the drilling circulation liquid is seriously consumed or completely leaked, the slag carrying capacity of the drilling liquid is weaker, more rock scraps in the drilling hole are judged to be easy to cause a drilling jam accident, in order to ensure that the drilling hole is formed smoothly and avoid the drilling accident, at the moment, when the drilling is needed to be carried out at the top of 5-10m, 2-5m of the drilling tool is lifted, cement-based composite slurry is poured into the drilling hole through a drill rod to improve the blocking effect (here, coarse particle slurry is not suitable to be poured), a slurry leakage stratum is blocked, the broken well wall is reinforced, and after the pouring is completed for 36-72h, the drilling hole is continuously formed;
if the total leakage breaking layer section is longer, a sectional forward drilling mode of sectional drilling and sectional grouting plugging is adopted.
Under the condition of stable well wall of a leakage stratum, a microbubble slurry drilling technology is adopted, the density of drilling fluid is reduced to be below 1.0g/cm < 3>, and the method is used for realizing top leakage drilling, and the leakage is in a controllable range.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the number of branch holes at each stage of the three-open-well zone interval of the water guiding fracture is 10-20.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, a drill bit with diameter of 311.15mm is adopted for the vertical one-open-hole section, after penetrating through a loose layer and entering into bedrock for 20m (about 170 m), a surface casing with diameter of 244.5mm multiplied by 8.94mm of J55 steel grade is put down, and well cementation cement is returned to the ground;
A second well opening section of the bedrock section adopts a drill bit with diameter of 215.9mm to sweep and then drill to a branching point, then an N80 steel grade diameter of 177.8mm technical sleeve is put in, and the well cementation cement returns to the ground;
And (3) directionally drilling the three-open well section of the water guide fracture zone three-open well section to target goaf targets by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of phi 152.4mm, and grouting 3-9 branches of each well.
Forming holes on the loose layer by adopting a slurry protection wall, and drilling a bedrock section by adopting clear water;
The directional drilling machine can measure the inclination in real time while drilling, correct the deviation in time, and keep the real drilling inclination and the design requirement not to exceed 1 degree/100 m;
the multi-stage divergent directional drilling process flow comprises the following steps:
the whole construction sequence of each branch hole of directional drilling is as follows: and constructing from near to far by branches, and starting sidetrack drilling of the next-stage branch hole from the previous-stage branch hole.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, when the two-open-well section pore-forming process of the two-open-well section of the bedrock section is carried out, grouting is carried out when drilling to the segmented pore-forming position in the bedrock drilling, after grouting is completed, the sweeping holes continue to drill to the designed depth, and finally, pore-forming of each level of branch holes of the two-open-well section of the bedrock section is completed; the number of the sectional grouting is determined according to the actual condition of the site.
In any of the above schemes, the specific operation steps of post-construction detection in step S9 and comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the filling slurry are preferably as follows: a1: directional drilling layout and track design;
Drilling and laying: selecting the drilling hole with proper position for grouting construction as a well opening section, arranging drilling hole drop points in key treatment areas, and checking the completion effect of a treatment scheme; when the technology is used for filling the foundation of the coal mining subsidence area, the importance degree of the building on the ground at the working face of the planned island and the analysis of the position where the grouting quality possibly has problems are considered to be considered, so that the potential quality problem is eliminated, and the safety of the planned building is ensured.
Track design: the directional drilling track takes the top of a grouting target interval (the upper boundary of a fracture zone) as a first locating point, and takes the bottom of the grouting target interval (the goaf coal seam bottom plate) as a second locating point;
Determining the track of the three-branch drilling hole according to the field geological condition, setting the coordinates of the three-branch point, and the inclination angle of the drilling hole
A2: directional drilling and pore forming of the detection well;
the specific process of directional drilling and pore forming of the detection well comprises the following steps:
A201: drilling construction, installing and debugging drilling equipment and a circulating system before drilling, and simultaneously preparing enough pre-hydrated bentonite-based slurry.
Detecting a first well section of the drilling hole, extending the grouting construction drilling hole to be a vertical section, adding a directional inclined guiding section according to the requirement, and opening branch holes in the second well section and the third well section according to a design track after the grouting drilling hole is swept again, wherein the branch holes are divided into a directional inclined guiding section and an inclined stabilizing section;
the inclination angle and azimuth angle are measured while drilling by adopting a directional drilling process of forward circulation rotary drilling and bedrock section coring. Clear water drilling is adopted in principle, large-displacement drilling is utilized, annular rock debris concentration is reduced, and a well bore is ensured to be clean by a deflecting section;
Drag reduction and anti-jamming measures are comprehensively implemented after deflecting;
In a hole opening and sweeping stage, when slag discharge is difficult, slurry can be prepared as drilling circulating liquid to improve slag carrying capacity;
a202: logging while drilling:
logging operation is carried out in the drilling process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: cuttings logging, logging while drilling, simple hydrographic observation, and the like.
Logging during drilling, making an original record of drilling in the drilling process, and recording the drilling speed; recording the positions, depths and values of the layers, the depths and the values of the layers, the diameters and the values of the layers, and the important links such as the diameter changing layer are recorded in detail when water leakage, hole collapse, diameter shrinkage, drill falling and the like occur in the drilling process;
the rock cuttings logging is performed, the rock cuttings logging tables are tidied and summarized in real time, and verification and inspection are performed on the stratum;
And (4) performing simple hydrological observation record in the drilling process, and recording the consumption of circulating liquid in detail.
A203: coring the grouting layer section;
Drilling to a grouting target interval to begin coring, and directly observing the slurry filling condition of a goaf through drilling and coring;
The core sampling rate and RQD are recorded and calculated in detail in the drilling process; the filling cementation degree of slurry to the cavity and the crack is described in an important way, the hardness degree, the integrity and the like of the slurry calculus body are drawn and detected, a drilling hole histogram is drawn and detected, and rock core image data is produced;
the purpose of the grouting interval coring is to observe and analyze the core to judge the filling effect, and is different from the coring purpose in the filling process;
A3: logging while drilling:
Logging while drilling performed in the filled area can be suitable for inclined drilling with different inclination angles, a logging instrument is additionally arranged at the drill collar position of the drilling tool, and various parameters of an inclined directional drilling stratum are acquired by using logging while drilling;
A4: drilling television:
After detecting the hole forming of the drill hole, cleaning the wall of the drill hole, adopting a drill hole imaging technology to image the whole continuous drill hole of the bedrock section, directly observing the lithology of the wall, the integrity degree of a stone body and a rock body, the distribution of cracks, the void ratio and the like, wherein the aim of the step is to obtain the hole forming agent; judging the filling effect and quality according to the observation condition;
a5: in-situ grouting test:
After the operation, grouting detection is carried out on the detection drilling holes, grouting technological parameters and grouting slurry proportion are kept consistent with those of the construction stage, and grouting data are recorded;
A6: indoor strength test:
and (5) carrying out standard maintenance on the serous fluid stone body obtained by drilling and coring for 72 hours, and then conveying the serous fluid stone body to a laboratory for indoor unconfined compressive strength test.
A7: comprehensively evaluating grouting quality according to post-construction detection data;
directly observing the slurry filling condition of the goaf through the coring of the bedrock section of the inspection hole and the television in the hole;
calculating grouting filling rate according to the drilling television and grouting test result;
and judging the cementing condition of the slurry stone body and the surrounding rock according to the drilling core sampling rate and the core integrity.
Judging the uniformity of filling grouting, the integrity of the hole wall and the like according to the coal field logging;
Grasping the improvement degree of the mechanical strength of the slurry to the broken rock stratum according to the strength test of the stone body;
and comprehensively evaluating grouting quality according to the data acquired from A2 to A4. Directly observing the slurry filling condition of the goaf through a directional Kong Jiyan-section coring and in-hole television; calculating grouting filling rate according to the drilling television and grouting test result; and judging the cementing condition of the slurry stone body and the surrounding rock according to the drilling core sampling rate and the core integrity. Judging the uniformity of filling grouting, the integrity of the hole wall and the like according to the coal field logging; and (5) grasping the improvement degree of the mechanical strength of the slurry to the broken rock stratum according to the strength test of the stone body.
And according to the quality detection result of the inspection hole, the analysis of drilling and grouting construction records and grouting result data is combined, and the post-construction treatment quality is comprehensively evaluated.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the process operation of detecting after construction and comprehensively evaluating the filling grouting quality, the spacing between second positioning points of each branch of the directional drilling in the region after grouting filling is 50-100m according to the size of the detection range;
the directional drilling holes enter the goaf coal seam bottom plate to be not smaller than 6m;
every 50m check the length of the drilling tool and the well depth, the well depth error should not exceed 0.1 meter.
Measuring an inclination angle and an azimuth angle of the directional drilling at least once every 25m, wherein the measurement precision of the inclination angle and the azimuth angle of the drilling is +/-0.1 DEG and +/-3 DEG respectively;
Accurately controlling the drilling track, and correcting deviation while drilling when deviation occurs to the track;
the corresponding drilling parameters are adopted in the drilling according to different drilling tools:
the weight of the drill is 10-80kN, the rotating speed is 30-60r/min, and the displacement is 15-45L/s. In order to prevent the accident of drilling slag and burying drill, a light pressure slow-entering method is adopted to properly increase the pump discharge capacity.
The drilling pressure and the rotating speed can be properly increased by two-stage drilling, so that the screw rod can work normally, the pump displacement is slightly reduced, the screw rod enters a target layer, and the drilling mode with large drilling pressure and low rotating speed is adopted to solve the problem of well wall pressure supporting.
To accurately determine lithology changes, 1 drilling time point is recorded every 1m from the bedrock to completion.
The drilling parameters are maintained relatively stable so as to enhance the effectiveness of the parameters in reflecting formation lithology during drilling and to record non-geologic factors that contribute to the formation during false drilling. And 2-4 m of the bedrock non-grouting target zone well section is used for fishing 1 bag of rock fragments, 1 bag of target zone well section is fished every 1m, identification is carried out, and a stratum section is established.
The hydrologic observation is carried out, and the water level (the liquid level in the hole) is measured once after each drill starting and before drill discharging; normally, the drilling fluid consumption (slurry pool level) is recorded once every 2 hours of drilling; recording the consumption of drilling fluid every 1h after entering the grouting target interval, and observing the consumption of drilling fluid when the consumption of drilling fluid is less than 1h but greater than 30 min. The record is encrypted in the missing layer segment.
The core taking rate of the bedrock section per time is required to be not less than 90%. Compared with the prior art of grouting treatment, the RQD of the rock core is improved, no drill falling and footage speed reduction is achieved in the drilling process, and the drilling speed is reduced to be a basic condition that grouting quality is qualified.
Logging while drilling in A3, logging while drilling is carried out on each detection drilling hole, and the acoustic wave velocity of the rock layer in the hole is measured and converted into the transverse wave velocity. The transverse wave velocity is required to be not less than 300m/s; in addition, indexes such as rock stratum volume density, lateral resistivity, natural potential, natural gamma, long and short source distances, well diameters and the like are measured to indirectly analyze and judge grouting filling quality of goaf and overburden rock cracks, and the requirement is obviously improved compared with investigation data.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the quality qualification condition in the drilling television in the A4 is that the goaf and the collapse fracture zone thereof see obvious slurry calculus bodies, no obvious cavities exist, and the wall integrity of the grouting section is superior to that of the investigation hole before the treatment.
In the grouting test in A5, at the end of drilling grouting, the grouting pressure is gradually increased, and after the grouting pressure reaches the end pressure of a designed final hole, the grouting detection of the hole grouting can be ended when the unit grouting amount is less than 50L/min and is stable for more than 15 min. The evaluation index of the grouting test is the grouting test ratio, and the calculation method is the ratio of the grouting amount to the sum of the grouting amount and the grouting amount in the same evaluation range. According to the results of in-hole imaging and grouting tests, the filling rate of the slurry to the goaf caving fracture zone is comprehensively calculated, and the calculated filling coefficient reaches more than 90% and is qualified in quality.
The test for the strength of the calculi in A6 requires that the length of a single sample is more than 10cm, and each hole is not less than 2 groups of 3 samples. And when the length of a single sample is less than 10cm, the compressive strength of the stone body is tested by adopting a point load test.
After filling and managing goafs on two sides of the island working face, the uniaxial compressive strength of the slurry stone body is not lower than that of the coal blocks on the working face.
Compared with the existing vertical drilling detection technical method, the drilling technical method for post-construction detection has the following positive effects:
1. The directional drilling technology is advanced, the multi-stage divergent branch hole structure is adopted, the position of an open hole can be obviously reduced, the construction occupation is small, the social influence is small, and the damage to the surface environment is small.
2. Short construction period and low cost. The directional detection drilling is delayed to use the earlier grouting construction drilling as a well opening section, and the principle of 'one hole and multiple purposes' is followed. Only the branch drilling is needed to be added, the drilling footage of the newly added drilling is less, the directional drilling speed is high, the pore-forming period is short, and the construction cost is low.
3. The application range is wide. The method is not only suitable for the conventional working conditions, but also has the problems of occupying urban roads, urban land, house removal, social influence and the like for a detection area in the urban range, and the ground often does not have the construction condition for implementing vertical drilling. The directional drilling technology has stronger site adaptability and can be suitable for sites without vertical drilling construction conditions on the ground. The position of the opening is flexibly adjusted by setting different angles and branch tracks.
4. Accurate positioning and small deviation of drilling track.
For goafs of the ground planning engineering construction, the goafs are generally arranged in important key areas such as important building foundation and the like; and for goafs on two sides of the island working face, detection focuses on a 30m width range close to two sides of the working face and a island working face withdrawing channel area or a construction abnormal area with grouting quality hidden danger.
If the deviation of the drilling landing point from the position of the hole is too large, the post-construction detection effect can be seriously affected. For deep goafs with burial depths greater than 500m, the drop point deviation may exceed 10m for every 1 ° inclination using conventional vertical drilling processes. The directional drilling can be measured while drilling, continuous deviation correction is realized, a double-target control track is adopted, and the drop point position is accurate.
5. The displacement of a slurry pump used for directional drilling is larger, the wall of a drilling hole is cleaned more cleanly in the drilling process, the flow of drilling circulating liquid is large, the slag carrying capacity is strong, the sediments such as rock powder in the hole are less, and the detection work such as well logging and television in the hole is facilitated.
6. Logging while drilling, drilling and measuring are integrated, relevant parameters such as formation density, shear wave speed and the like are collected at the first time, the testing precision is high, and the operation is simple, convenient and efficient.
Compared with the prior art, the integral drilling and filling technology has the following beneficial effects:
1. The invention solves the problem of being threatened by rock burst disasters in the island working face stoping process, and the designed scour prevention technology based on multi-stage divergent branch directional drilling grouting can effectively improve the working face stress environment, reduce the pressure and prevent scour, thereby realizing safe and efficient island working face stoping.
2. Meanwhile, the deformation of the ground surface can be controlled, the coal pressing resources of the built structures can be effectively released, the land resources of the coal mining subsidence area can be recycled, and the urban construction land is increased.
3. The multistage distributed directional drilling structure can effectively ensure the safety of hole forming, and simultaneously, the multistage directional holes can also facilitate the handling of sudden accidents in construction.
4. The invention adopts multi-stage divergent directional drilling during filling, which can effectively reduce the workload of the upper invalid layer section, improve the effective section duty ratio, reduce the detection cost and improve the economic rationality of the detection technology.
5. The goaf with a certain range of island working surfaces is filled and treated, the drilling footage can be shorter than that of vertical drilling and other directional drilling by adopting a multistage distributed directional drilling technology, the grouting effective hole Duan Zhan is high, a great amount of drilling cost is saved, and the technical economy is more remarkable especially for the goaf with a deep thick loose layer.
6. In the strip goaf treatment process, compared with vertical drilling, the multistage distributed directional drilling has more effective grouting sections and better effect, and particularly for deep goafs, the ineffective section of the common vertical drilling is overlong, and the grouting effect is poor.
7. Besides the advantages of filling management, the method also has advantages in goaf post-construction detection.
8. The adoption of multistage distributed directional drilling can effectively reduce the number of drilling holes, reduce the investment of equipment and personnel, and has less construction occupation, flexible layout of drilling positions and wide applicability.
9. From the aspect of spatial distribution of drilling tracks, the multi-stage divergent branch directional holes are more reasonable than the vertical drilling tracks, the plane projection of the vertical drilling tracks is a point, the plane projection of the multi-stage divergent branch directional holes is a line, the drilling holes obliquely penetrate through the collapse fracture zone, the multi-stage branch holes have small spacing at the upper part of the collapse fracture zone, and the problem of difficult grouting at the upper part of the collapse fracture zone can be effectively solved.
10. The multi-stage divergent branch directional hole is applied to the extraction of the island working face, and the advantage of rock burst of the deep island working face is eliminated; the stress environment of the working face is improved, the pressure is reduced, the impact is prevented, and the safe stope of the island working face is ensured.
In addition, the technology can be applied to the fields of coal seam water retention filling exploitation, overlying strata separation grouting and the like.
In addition, the invention has a plurality of advantages in the construction of filling area quality detection after filling:
1. The method applies the directional drilling to the goaf post-treatment detection innovatively, and provides a new technical method for goaf grouting post-treatment quality detection of the island working face. The directional drilling technology is advanced, the multi-stage divergent branch hole structure is adopted, the position of an open hole can be obviously reduced, the construction occupation is small, the social influence is small, and the damage to the surface environment is small.
2. Short construction period and low cost. The directional detection drilling is delayed to use the earlier grouting construction drilling as a well opening section, and the principle of 'one hole and multiple purposes' is followed. Only the branch drilling is needed to be added, the drilling footage of the newly added drilling is less, the directional drilling speed is high, the pore-forming period is short, and the construction cost is low.
3. The application range is wide. In the detection area in the urban area, the problems of occupying urban roads, urban land, house removal, social influence and the like often exist, and the ground often does not have construction conditions for implementing vertical drilling. The directional drilling technology has stronger site adaptability and can be suitable for sites without vertical drilling construction conditions on the ground. The position of the opening is flexibly adjusted by setting different angles and branch tracks.
4. Accurate positioning and small deviation of drilling track. Post-construction detection holes are generally arranged in important key areas or construction abnormal areas with hidden grouting quality hazards. If the deviation of the drilling landing point from the position of the hole is too large, the post-construction detection effect can be seriously affected. For deep goafs with burial depths greater than 500m, the landing point deviation may exceed 10m for every 1 ° inclination using conventional drilling techniques. The directional drilling can be measured while drilling, continuous deviation correction is realized, a double-target control track is adopted, and the drop point position is accurate.
6. The displacement of a slurry pump used for directional drilling is larger, the wall of a drilling hole is cleaned more cleanly in the drilling process, the flow of drilling circulating liquid is large, the slag carrying capacity is strong, the sediments such as rock powder in the hole are less, and the detection work such as well logging and television in the hole is facilitated.
7. Logging while drilling, drilling and measuring are integrated, relevant parameters such as formation density, shear wave speed and the like are collected at the first time, the testing precision is high, and the operation is simple, convenient and efficient.
8. The detection of the long-distance near-horizontal drilling track of the post-construction quality detection drilling on the detection target layer can be realized, the traditional vertical drilling 'point type' detection is changed into the large-range 'surface type' detection, the quality detection efficiency and accuracy are obviously improved, and the quality risk existing in the traditional 'point type' detection is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Like elements or features are generally identified by like reference numerals throughout the drawings. In the drawings, the elements or components are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an island work surface/strip goaf plan view.
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal section view of a multi-stage divergent directional orifice structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a multi-stage divergent directional orifice structure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a directional inspection borehole layout in an embodiment of the invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic vertical cross-section of a borehole trajectory for directional detection in an embodiment of the invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a directional inspection borehole structure according to the present invention
A-vertical well region interval; b-a second open area interval of the bedrock section; c-a three-well zone interval of the water guide fracture zone; 1-an removed area, 2-a directional drilling site, 4, and a two-well-opening section; 3-directional drilling hole, 5-directional drilling second target point, 6-non-removed area, 7-goaf, 8-building (construction), 9-road, 10-vertical one-open-hole section (grouting drilling), 11-detection target layer section starting point, 12-fourth series stratum, 13-strong weathered bedrock, 14-stable bedrock, 15-fracture zone, 16-collapse zone, 17-mining coal seam, 18-coal seam bottom plate and 19-three-open-hole section.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and thus are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The specific structure of the invention is shown in figures 1-6.
The invention aims to solve one of the technical problems, and adopts the following technical scheme: the island working face grouting anti-flushing stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well adopts a multistage divergent directional hole structure, wherein the multistage divergent directional hole structure comprises a vertical well region section a positioned at a fourth-line stratum 12, a bedrock section two-open well region section b is arranged at the tail end a of the vertical well region section, a water guide slit zone three-open well region section c is arranged at the tail end of each bedrock section two-open well region section b, and the water guide slit zone is positioned above a coal seam bottom plate and is close to the coal seam bottom plate 18;
The island working face grouting anti-flushing stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well comprises the following specific steps of:
S1: drilling and positioning are carried out at the directional drilling site 2 of the removed area 1 at the upper part of the goaf 7, and the drilling machine is installed so as to avoid the non-removed area 6 and a building (construction) 8 thereon:
the specific steps of drilling and positioning are as follows:
Selecting a grouting construction drilling hole with a proper position at a goaf of an island working face as a drilling landing point of a vertical one-open well section of a vertical well section part to form a later directional drilling hole opening 3;
The drilling drop points are arranged in key safety treatment areas, and the completion effect of the treatment scheme is checked; meanwhile, the importance degree of the building to be built and the analysis of the position where the grouting quality possibly has problems are considered to be considered, so that the potential quality problem is eliminated, and the safety of the important building is ensured;
Determining the track of a two-open-well section of a two-open-well interval of a bedrock section according to the field geological condition, setting the coordinates of the branching point of the two-open-well section of the two-open-well interval of the bedrock section (detecting the starting point 11 of a target interval), and drilling inclination angles;
determining a target grouting layer to grouting the top of a target interval, namely: the upper boundary of the fracture zone is the starting point of the three-open zone interval of the water guide fracture zone so as to grouting the bottom of the target interval, namely: the goaf coal seam bottom plate is the end point (second target point 5 of directional drilling) of the three-open-area interval of the water guide fracture zone;
And controlling the track of the directional drilling on the grouting target section, and determining the position point of the drilling entering the water guide fracture zone/grouting target layer section and the drilling final hole target point when the drilling track is designed. For goaf grouting filling and detection, a major concern is the injectable interval in the formation.
S2: drilling a hole on a vertical well section 19;
installing and debugging drilling equipment and a circulating system before drilling, and simultaneously preparing enough pre-hydrated bentonite-based slurry;
Vertically drilling, and forming a hole on a vertical well section;
In the process of forming the hole of the vertical one-open well section, firstly constructing a branch hole of the vertical one-open well section, after drilling the branch hole to form the hole, starting grouting filling, and after grouting and pressurizing, carrying out repeated Kong Fu injection, and after reaching the grouting final hole standard, waiting and solidifying for 48-72 h;
after the vertical well section is perforated, a wall protection sleeve is needed to be put into a loose layer, the wall protection sleeve is poured by grouting, and the subsequent operation is carried out after the well cementation is completed;
in the hole forming stage of the vertical well section, when slag discharge is difficult, slurry can be blended as drilling circulating liquid to improve slag carrying capacity;
s3: measuring an inclination angle and an azimuth angle while drilling by adopting a directional drilling process of forward circulation rotary drilling, and forming holes on two open sections of the bedrock section;
Adding directional inclined guiding sections according to the requirements, and arranging a plurality of three-open-well sections according to the design track at intervals of two-open-well sections of the bedrock section;
Drag reduction and anti-jamming measures should be comprehensively implemented after deflecting:
The viscosity of the drilling fluid is improved, and the carrying effect of the rock fragments of the large well bore is improved. Fully utilizes all levels of solid control equipment, ensures the continuous operation of the centrifugal machine to remove useless solid phase, and the density must be controlled within the design range. The high-displacement drilling is utilized, the annular rock debris concentration is reduced, the well bore is ensured to be clean by the deflecting section, and the thick mud slugs can be used for cleaning the well bore at random.
Corresponding drilling parameters are adopted in drilling according to different drilling tools. The method of light pressure hanging is adopted in an open straight well section for preventing inclination. The drilling pressure and the rotating speed can be properly increased at the second well opening section, so that the screw rod can work normally, the pump discharge capacity is 18-25L/s, and the screw rod enters the target layer, and the drilling mode with large drilling pressure and low rotating speed is adopted because the drilling friction is large and the well wall pressure is serious.
In the pore-forming process of the two well-opening sections of the bedrock section, the two well-opening sections of the bedrock section are constructed by sidetrack on the upper side of each first-stage branch hole, and the hole wall is reinforced by grouting after drilling;
drilling by using clear water with large discharge capacity, reducing the concentration of annular rock debris, and ensuring the cleaning of a well bore by a deflecting section;
after deflecting, drag reduction and anti-blocking measures are comprehensively implemented;
Logging operation is carried out in the drilling process, logging is carried out during drilling, original record of drilling is made during drilling, and drilling speed is recorded; recording the positions, depths and values of the layers, the depths and the values of the layers, the diameters and the values of the layers, and the important links such as the diameter changing layer are recorded in detail when water leakage, hole collapse, diameter shrinkage, drill falling and the like occur in the drilling process; the rock cuttings logging is performed, the rock cuttings logging tables are tidied and summarized in real time, and verification and inspection are performed on the stratum; in the drilling process, simple hydrological observation records are carried out, and the consumption of circulating liquid is recorded in detail;
The purpose of logging during drilling is to ensure the safety of rock stratum drilling above a goaf of an island working face and to rapidly cope with sudden accidents according to drilling conditions;
The logging operation specifically comprises the following steps: logging rock cuttings, logging while drilling, simple hydrologic observation and the like;
s4: three open well sections of the open water guide fracture zone three open well sections;
Each branch hole is of a three-open structure, when a water guide fracture is drilled and a water guide fracture zone is provided with a three-open zone interval, the branch holes are required to be divergently expanded, and as the vertical one-open zone, each branch hole and the wall of the branch hole of the previous stage of the current branch hole are reinforced by grouting, the wall of the hole is complete, the side drilling success rate of the branch hole of the next stage is high, the speed is high, and the drilling construction is safer and more efficient;
s5: drilling to a grouting target interval, and finishing pore forming of each branch well of the three-open-well interval of the water guide fracture zone:
Directly observing the slurry filling condition of the goaf through drilling and coring; the core sampling rate and RQD are recorded and calculated in detail in the drilling process; the filling cementation degree of slurry to the cavity and the crack is described in an important way, the hardness degree, the integrity and the like of the slurry calculus body are drawn and detected, a drilling hole histogram is drawn and detected, and rock core image data is produced;
Logging while drilling is performed in the drilling process, the logging while drilling is suitable for inclined drilling with different inclination angles, a logging instrument is additionally arranged at the drill collar position of the drilling tool, and various parameters of an inclined directional drilling stratum are acquired by using the logging while drilling;
S6: after grouting and drilling holes are formed, cleaning the drilled hole wall, adopting a drilling imaging technology to image the whole continuous drilling of a bedrock section, directly observing the lithology of the hole wall, the integrity degree of stone bodies and rock bodies, crack distribution, cavity ratio and the like, and determining the parameter control of slurry viscosity, pressure and flow during filling and grouting according to the detection of the drilling hole forming result;
S7: grouting and filling:
grouting from an upper wellhead of the vertical well section to the inside, and controlling grouting parameters at any time in the grouting process;
S8: after grouting is completed, a filling reinforcement area is formed in a goaf of the island working face, slurry is used for cementing rock blocks to form slurry stone bodies, and the stress of overlying strata of a coal bed of the island working face is supported and used for reducing the probability of rock burst in the extraction process of the island working face;
s9: and detecting after construction, and comprehensively evaluating the filling grouting quality.
In any of the above schemes, it is preferable that each stage of branch hole in the three-open-well zone interval of each water-guiding fracture zone is an effective grouting zone directional drilling.
In any of the above schemes, it is preferable that at least one row of effective grouting section directional drilling holes are arranged for the strip goaf with the mining width less than 50 m; and setting at least two rows of effective grouting section directional drilling holes for the strip goaf with the mining width of more than 60 m.
In any of the above schemes, it is preferable that the target point spacing of the directional drilling of the adjacent effective grouting sections is between 30 and 60 m.
In any of the above schemes, it is preferable that the drilling circulation fluid is required to be kept in a monitoring state during drilling of each level of branch holes of the vertical one-open well section, the bedrock section two-open well section and the water-guiding fracture zone three-open well section.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the monitoring process, when the consumption of drilling circulating fluid is not great, the directional drilling machine can drill in a top leakage way without special treatment;
when the drilling circulation liquid is seriously consumed or completely leaked, the slag carrying capacity of the drilling liquid is weaker, more rock scraps in the drilling hole are judged to be easy to cause a drilling jam accident, in order to ensure that the drilling hole is formed smoothly and avoid the drilling accident, at the moment, when the drilling is needed to be carried out at the top of 5-10m, 2-5m of the drilling tool is lifted, cement-based composite slurry is poured into the drilling hole through a drill rod to improve the blocking effect (here, coarse particle slurry is not suitable to be poured), a slurry leakage stratum is blocked, the broken well wall is reinforced, and after the pouring is completed for 36-72h, the drilling hole is continuously formed;
if the total leakage breaking layer section is longer, a sectional forward drilling mode of sectional drilling and sectional grouting plugging is adopted.
Under the condition of stable well wall of a leakage stratum, a microbubble slurry drilling technology is adopted, the density of drilling fluid is reduced to below 1.0g/cm 3, so that top leakage drilling is realized, and the leakage is in a controllable range.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, a drill bit with diameter of 311.15mm is adopted for the vertical one-open-hole section, after penetrating through a loose layer and entering into bedrock for 20m (about 170 m), a surface casing with diameter of 244.5mm multiplied by 8.94mm of J55 steel grade is put down, and well cementation cement is returned to the ground;
all levels of branch holes in the interval section of the two open wells of the bedrock section are swept by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of phi 215.9mm and then drilled to branch points, then an N80 steel grade phi 177.8mm technical sleeve is put in, and the well cementation cement returns to the ground;
And (3) directionally drilling branch holes of each level in the interval of the three-open well zone of the water guide fracture zone to target goaf targets by adopting a phi 152.4mm drill bit, and grouting 3-9 branches of each well.
Forming holes on the loose layer by adopting a slurry protection wall, and drilling a bedrock section by adopting clear water;
The directional drilling machine can measure the inclination in real time while drilling, correct the deviation in time, and keep the real drilling inclination and the design requirement not to exceed 1 degree/100 m;
the multi-stage divergent directional drilling process flow comprises the following steps:
the whole construction sequence of each branch hole of directional drilling is as follows: and constructing from near to far by branches, and starting sidetrack drilling of the next-stage branch hole from the previous-stage branch hole.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, when the process of forming holes in each level of branch holes in the two-open-well section of the bedrock section is carried out, grouting is carried out when drilling to the sectional hole forming position in the bedrock drilling, and after grouting is completed, the sweeping holes continue to drill to the designed depth, and finally the forming holes in each level of branch holes in the two-open-well section of the bedrock section are completed; the number of the sectional grouting is determined according to the actual condition of the site.
In addition, before detection construction, whether a grouting quality weak area exists or not can be analyzed through grouting construction data, and detection drilling holes can be arranged in a grouting construction abnormal area or a position with possibly problematic quality judged through construction data in a targeted mode.
In any of the above schemes, the specific operation steps of post-construction detection in step S9 and comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the filling slurry are preferably as follows: a1: directional drilling layout and track design;
Drilling and laying: selecting the drilling hole with proper position for grouting construction as a well opening section, arranging drilling hole drop points in key treatment areas, and checking the completion effect of a treatment scheme; here are two conditions: when the grouting filling aims to reform a coal mining subsidence area into a construction land and a newly built structure is planned on the ground, the foundation of the newly built structure needs to be detected in a key way, when the grouting filling aims to safely stope an island working face coal seam, the detection drilling layout needs to pay attention to the strength of filling bodies in the areas on two sides of the stoping working face so as to eliminate potential quality problems and ensure the stoping safety of the island working face;
track design: the directional drilling track takes the top of a grouting target interval (the upper boundary of a fracture zone) as a first locating point, and takes the bottom of the grouting target interval (the goaf coal seam bottom plate) as a second locating point;
Determining the track of the three-branch drilling hole according to the field geological condition, setting the coordinates of the three-branch point, and the inclination angle of the drilling hole
A2: directional drilling and pore forming of the detection well;
the specific process of directional drilling and pore forming of the detection well comprises the following steps:
A201: drilling construction, installing and debugging drilling equipment and a circulating system before drilling, and simultaneously preparing enough pre-hydrated bentonite-based slurry.
Detecting a first well section of the drilling hole, extending the grouting construction drilling hole to be a vertical section, adding a directional inclined guiding section according to the requirement, and opening a branch hole according to a design track by a second well section 4 after the grouting drilling hole is swept again, wherein the branch hole is divided into a directional inclined deflecting section and an inclined stabilizing section;
the inclination angle and azimuth angle are measured while drilling by adopting a directional drilling process of forward circulation rotary drilling and bedrock section coring. Clear water drilling is adopted in principle, large-displacement drilling is utilized, annular rock debris concentration is reduced, and a well bore is ensured to be clean by a deflecting section;
Drag reduction and anti-jamming measures are comprehensively implemented after deflecting;
In a hole opening and sweeping stage, when slag discharge is difficult, slurry can be prepared as drilling circulating liquid to improve slag carrying capacity;
a202: logging while drilling:
logging operation is carried out in the drilling process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: cuttings logging, logging while drilling, simple hydrographic observation, and the like.
Logging during drilling, making an original record of drilling in the drilling process, and recording the drilling speed; recording the positions, depths and values of the layers, the depths and the values of the layers, the diameters and the values of the layers, and the important links such as the diameter changing layer are recorded in detail when water leakage, hole collapse, diameter shrinkage, drill falling and the like occur in the drilling process;
the rock cuttings logging is performed, the rock cuttings logging tables are tidied and summarized in real time, and verification and inspection are performed on the stratum;
And (4) performing simple hydrological observation record in the drilling process, and recording the consumption of circulating liquid in detail.
Here, the
A203: coring the grouting layer section;
Drilling to a grouting target interval to begin coring, and directly observing the slurry filling condition of a goaf through drilling and coring;
The core sampling rate and RQD are recorded and calculated in detail in the drilling process; the filling cementation degree of slurry to the cavity and the crack is described in an important way, the hardness degree, the integrity and the like of the slurry calculus body are drawn and detected, a drilling hole histogram is drawn and detected, and rock core image data is produced;
the purpose of the grouting interval coring is to observe and analyze the core to judge the filling effect, and is different from the coring purpose in the filling process;
Coring position: coring is started through full-hole coring or entering a grouting target interval, the grouting target interval refers to a goaf caving fracture zone, the height of the goaf is related to the mining thickness of a coal seam and the lithology of overburden rock, and the specific height is given in the design stage. And (5) collecting slurry calculus bodies in the extracted cores, and testing the uniaxial compressive strength of the cores after standard maintenance for 72 hours.
Number of samples: the serous fluid calculus with test conditions should be detected as much as possible. The length of the serous fluid stone body is less than 10cm, so that a point load test can be carried out, and the compressive strength of the serous fluid stone body is converted.
A3: logging while drilling:
Logging while drilling performed in the filled area can be suitable for inclined drilling with different inclination angles, a logging instrument is additionally arranged at the drill collar position of the drilling tool, and various parameters of an inclined directional drilling stratum are acquired by using logging while drilling;
A4: drilling television:
After detecting the hole forming of the drill hole, cleaning the wall of the drill hole, adopting a drill hole imaging technology to image the whole continuous drill hole of the bedrock section, directly observing the lithology of the wall, the integrity degree of a stone body and a rock body, the distribution of cracks, the void ratio and the like, wherein the aim of the step is to obtain the hole forming agent; judging the filling effect and quality according to the observation condition;
the drilling television can observe the crack filling condition of the inner wall of the drilling hole, judge the grouting effect more intuitively and qualitatively, and also can count the filling crack proportion of unfilled cracks in the image to estimate the residual void ratio.
A5: in-situ grouting test:
After the operation, grouting detection is carried out on the detection drilling holes, grouting technological parameters and grouting slurry proportion are kept consistent with those of the construction stage, and grouting data are recorded;
A6: indoor strength test:
and (5) carrying out standard maintenance on the serous fluid stone body obtained by drilling and coring for 72 hours, and then conveying the serous fluid stone body to a laboratory for indoor unconfined compressive strength test.
A7: comprehensively evaluating grouting quality according to post-construction detection data;
directly observing the slurry filling condition of the goaf through the coring of the bedrock section of the inspection hole and the television in the hole;
calculating grouting filling rate according to the drilling television and grouting test result;
And judging the cementation condition of the slurry calculus body and the rock body according to the drilling core sampling rate and the core integrity.
Judging the uniformity of filling grouting, the integrity of the hole wall and the like according to the coal field logging;
Grasping the improvement degree of the mechanical strength of the slurry to the broken rock stratum according to the strength test of the stone body;
and comprehensively evaluating grouting quality according to the data acquired from A2 to A4. Directly observing the slurry filling condition of the goaf through a directional Kong Jiyan-section coring and in-hole television; calculating grouting filling rate according to the drilling television and grouting test result; and judging the cementing condition of the slurry stone body and the surrounding rock according to the drilling core sampling rate and the core integrity. Judging the uniformity of filling grouting, the integrity of the hole wall and the like according to the coal field logging; and (5) grasping the improvement degree of the mechanical strength of the slurry to the broken rock stratum according to the strength test of the stone body.
And according to the quality detection result of the inspection hole, the analysis of drilling and grouting construction records and grouting result data is combined, and the post-construction treatment quality is comprehensively evaluated.
According to exploration, grouting materials and combined detection data. After comparison and analysis, the areas with unqualified grouting quality are subjected to supplementary grouting and supplementary inspection until the qualified requirements are met. When the grouting drilling holes exist in the area and the hole sweeping condition is provided, the grouting can be supplemented after the hole sweeping, otherwise, the grouting drilling holes are supplemented in the area, and the grouting is supplemented. All areas of supplemental grouting should be re-inspected for grouting quality.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the process operation of detecting after construction and comprehensively evaluating the filling grouting quality, the spacing between second positioning points of each branch of the directional drilling in the region after grouting filling is 50-100m according to the size of the detection range;
the directional drilling holes enter the goaf coal seam bottom plate to be not smaller than 6m;
every 50m check the length of the drilling tool and the well depth, the well depth error should not exceed 0.1 meter.
Measuring an inclination angle and an azimuth angle of the directional drilling at least once every 25m, wherein the measurement precision of the inclination angle and the azimuth angle of the drilling is +/-0.1 DEG and +/-3 DEG respectively;
Accurately controlling the drilling track, and correcting deviation while drilling when deviation occurs to the track;
the corresponding drilling parameters are adopted in the drilling according to different drilling tools:
the weight of the drill is 10-80kN, the rotating speed is 30-60r/min, and the displacement is 15-45L/s. In order to prevent the accident of drilling slag and burying drill, a light pressure slow-entering method is adopted to properly increase the pump discharge capacity.
The drilling pressure and the rotating speed can be properly increased by two-stage drilling, so that the screw rod can work normally, the pump displacement is slightly reduced, the screw rod enters a target layer, and the drilling mode with large drilling pressure and low rotating speed is adopted to solve the problem of well wall pressure supporting.
To accurately determine lithology changes, 1 drilling time point is recorded every 1m from the bedrock to completion.
The drilling parameters are maintained relatively stable so as to enhance the effectiveness of the parameters in reflecting formation lithology during drilling and to record non-geologic factors that contribute to the formation during false drilling. And 2-4 m of the bedrock non-grouting target zone well section is used for fishing 1 bag of rock fragments, 1 bag of target zone well section is fished every 1m, identification is carried out, and a stratum section is established.
The hydrologic observation is carried out, and the water level (the liquid level in the hole) is measured once after each drill starting and before drill discharging; normally, the drilling fluid consumption (slurry pool level) is recorded once every 2 hours of drilling; recording the consumption of drilling fluid every 1h after entering the grouting target interval, and observing the consumption of drilling fluid when the consumption of drilling fluid is less than 1h but greater than 30 min. The record is encrypted in the missing layer segment.
The core taking rate of the bedrock section per time is required to be not less than 90%. Compared with the prior art of grouting treatment, the RQD of the rock core is improved, no drill falling and footage speed reduction is achieved in the drilling process, and the drilling speed is reduced to be a basic condition that grouting quality is qualified.
Logging while drilling in A3, logging while drilling is carried out on each detection drilling hole, and the acoustic wave velocity of the rock layer in the hole is measured and converted into the transverse wave velocity. The transverse wave velocity is required to be not less than 300m/s; in addition, indexes such as rock stratum volume density, lateral resistivity, natural potential, natural gamma, long and short source distances, well diameters and the like are measured to indirectly analyze and judge grouting filling quality of goaf and overburden rock cracks, and the requirement is obviously improved compared with investigation data.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the quality qualification condition in the drilling television in the A4 is that the goaf and the collapse fracture zone thereof see obvious slurry calculus bodies, no obvious cavities exist, and the wall integrity of the grouting section is superior to that of the investigation hole before the treatment.
In the grouting test in A5, at the end of drilling grouting, the grouting pressure is gradually increased, and after the grouting pressure reaches the end pressure of a designed final hole, the grouting detection of the hole grouting can be ended when the unit grouting amount is less than 50L/min and is stable for more than 15 min. The evaluation index of the grouting test is the grouting test ratio, and the calculation method is the ratio of the grouting amount to the sum of the grouting amount and the grouting amount in the same evaluation range. According to the results of in-hole imaging and grouting tests, the filling rate of the slurry to the goaf caving fracture zone is comprehensively calculated, and the calculated filling coefficient reaches more than 90% and is qualified in quality.
The test for the strength of the calculi in A6 requires that the length of a single sample is more than 10cm, and each hole is not less than 2 groups of 3 samples. And when the length of a single sample is less than 10cm, the compressive strength of the stone body is tested by adopting a point load test.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims and description; any alternative modifications or variations to the embodiments of the present invention will fall within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art.
The present invention is not described in detail in the present application, and is well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. The island working face grouting anti-flushing stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the divergent directional hole in the island working face grouting anti-flushing stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well adopts a multistage divergent directional hole structure, wherein the multistage divergent directional hole structure comprises a vertical well interval section, a bedrock section two-open well interval section is arranged at the tail end of the vertical well interval section, and a water guide slit zone three-open well interval section is arranged at the tail end of each bedrock section two-open well interval section;
The island working face grouting anti-flushing stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well comprises the following specific steps of:
s1: drilling and positioning, and installing a drilling machine:
the specific steps of drilling and positioning are as follows:
Selecting a proper position as an opening position of a vertical one-well section of the grouting construction drilling hole in the island working face goaf;
Determining the track of the two open well sections in the interval section of the two open well sections of the bedrock section according to the field geological conditions, and setting the coordinates of the branching points of the two open well sections and the inclination angle of the drilling holes of the interval section of the two open well sections of the bedrock section;
determining a target grouting layer to grouting the top of a target interval, namely: the upper boundary of the fracture zone is the starting point of the three-open zone interval of the water guide fracture zone so as to grouting the bottom of the target interval, namely: the bottom plate of the goaf coal bed is the end point of the interval of the three-open zone of the water guide fracture zone;
S2: drilling and forming holes on a vertical well section;
installing and debugging drilling equipment and a circulating system before drilling, and simultaneously preparing enough pre-hydrated bentonite-based slurry;
Vertically drilling, and forming a hole on a vertical well section;
s3: measuring an inclination angle and an azimuth angle while drilling by adopting a directional drilling process of forward circulation rotary drilling, and forming holes on two open sections of the bedrock section;
s4: three open well sections of the open water guide fracture zone three open well sections;
When the water guide fracture zone is drilled with a three-well-opening zone interval, the three-well-opening zone is required to be drilled on the upper sides of each level of branch holes of the two-well-opening zone interval of the bedrock section to form a step-by-step divergent branch hole, and as the vertical one-well-opening zone, each level of branch holes and the hole wall of the previous level of branch hole of the current branch hole are reinforced by grouting, the hole wall is kept complete, the success rate of the side drilling of the next level of branch hole is high, the speed is high, and the drilling construction is ensured to be safer and more efficient;
s5: drilling to a grouting target interval, and finishing pore forming of each branch well of the three-open-well interval of the water guide fracture zone:
s6: after grouting and drilling holes are formed, cleaning the drilled hole wall, adopting a drilling imaging technology to image the whole continuous drilling of the bedrock section, observing the crack condition of the hole wall, and providing a basis for selecting the type of slurry, the grouting pressure and the grouting flow;
S7: grouting and filling:
grouting from an upper wellhead of the vertical well section to the inside, and controlling grouting parameters at any time in the grouting process;
S8: after grouting is completed, a safe and stable section is formed in the goaf of the island working face after grouting, and the safe and stable section is used for reducing the probability of rock burst in the stoping process of the island working face;
s9: detecting after construction, and comprehensively evaluating the quality of filling grouting;
the three well sections in the three well sections of the water guide fracture zone are all effective grouting sections for directional drilling;
Setting at least one row of effective grouting section directional drilling holes for the strip goaf with the mining width less than 50 m;
Setting at least two rows of effective grouting section directional drilling holes for a strip goaf with the mining width more than 60 m;
the target point spacing of directional drilling of adjacent effective grouting sections is between 30 and 60 m;
The drilling circulation liquid is required to be kept in a monitoring state in the drilling process of each branch hole of the vertical first-open well section, the bedrock section second-open well section and the water guide fracture zone third-open well section:
In the monitoring process, when the consumption of drilling circulating fluid is low, the top leakage drilling of the directional drilling machine is realized, and special treatment is not needed;
When the drilling circulation liquid is seriously consumed or completely leaked, the slag carrying capacity of the drilling liquid is weaker, more rock scraps in the drilling hole are judged to be easy to cause a drilling jam accident, in order to ensure that the drilling hole is formed smoothly and avoid the drilling accident, at the moment, when the drilling is needed to be carried out at the top of 5-10m, the drilling tool is lifted up for 2-5m, and then cement-based composite slurry is poured into the drilling hole through a drill rod to improve the plugging effect, the leakage stratum is plugged, the broken well wall is reinforced, and the drilling hole is continuously drilled after the filling is completed for 36-72 h;
If the total leakage breaking layer section is longer, a sectional forward drilling mode of sectional drilling and sectional grouting plugging is adopted;
the number of branch holes of each level of the water guide slit zone three-opening zone interval is between 10 and 20;
a drill bit with the diameter of phi 311.15mm is adopted for a vertical well section, a loose layer is penetrated into a bedrock for 20m, then a J55 steel grade phi 244.5mm multiplied by 8.94mm surface sleeve is put down, and well cementation cement is returned to the ground;
A second well opening section of the bedrock section adopts a drill bit with diameter of 215.9mm to sweep and then drill to a branching point, then an N80 steel grade diameter of 177.8mm technical sleeve is put in, and the well cementation cement returns to the ground;
And (3) directionally drilling the three-open well section of the water guide fracture zone three-open well section interval to the target goaf target point by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of phi 152.4mm, and grouting.
2. The island face grouting and anti-flushing recovery method based on the multistage divergent directional well according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the two-open-well section pore-forming process of the two-open-well section of the bedrock section is carried out, grouting is carried out when drilling is carried out to a segmented pore-forming position in the bedrock drilling, the sweeping pore continues to drill to the designed depth after grouting is finished, and finally, pore-forming of branch pores of each level of the two-open-well section of the bedrock section is finished; the number of the sectional grouting is determined according to the actual condition of the site.
3. The island face grouting and anti-flushing recovery method based on the multistage divergent directional well according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific operation steps of post-construction detection and comprehensive evaluation of the filling grouting quality in the step S9 are as follows:
a1: directional drilling layout and track design;
a2: directional drilling and pore forming of the detection well;
the specific process of directional drilling and pore forming of the detection well comprises the following steps:
A201: drilling construction, namely installing and debugging drilling equipment and a circulating system before drilling, and simultaneously preparing enough pre-hydrated bentonite-based slurry;
a202: logging while drilling:
in the drilling process, simple hydrological observation records are carried out, and the consumption of circulating liquid is recorded in detail;
A203: coring the grouting layer section;
A3: logging while drilling:
Logging while drilling performed in the filled area can be suitable for inclined drilling with different inclination angles, a logging instrument is additionally arranged at the drill collar position of the drilling tool, and various parameters of an inclined directional drilling stratum are acquired by using logging while drilling;
A4: drilling television:
after detecting the hole forming of the drill hole, cleaning the wall of the drill hole, adopting a drill hole imaging technology to image the whole continuous drill hole of the bedrock section, and directly observing the lithology of the wall, the integrity degree of a stone body and a rock body, the crack distribution and the cavity ratio, wherein the aim of the step is to obtain the hole-forming hole; judging the filling effect and quality according to the observation condition;
a5: in-situ grouting test:
After the operation, grouting detection is carried out on the detection drilling holes, grouting technological parameters and grouting slurry proportion are kept consistent with those of the construction stage, and grouting data are recorded;
A6: indoor strength test:
Carrying out standard maintenance on the slurry stone body obtained by drilling and coring for 72 hours, and then conveying the slurry stone body to a laboratory for indoor unconfined compressive strength test;
A7: and comprehensively evaluating grouting quality according to the post-construction detection data.
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| CN118242135B (en) * | 2024-04-03 | 2024-12-06 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Goaf directional drilling cluster type centralized arrangement grouting filling method |
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