CN114982587A - Seedling raising substrate for improving quality and yield of fragrant rice, preparation method thereof and seedling raising method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice, a preparation method and a seedling raising method. The seedling raising substrate includes a soil-mixing seedling raising substrate and a seedling-strengthening agent; wherein, the soil-mixing and seedling-raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of seedling raising substrate; 60-70 parts of red loam; and the seedling-strengthening agent includes Fungicides, nutritional supplements and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, the fungicides are added at 400-600 mg/kg, zinc sulfate is added at 2-3 mg/kg, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added at 10-15 mg/kg join in. The seedling-raising substrate obtained by the invention is a composite seedling-raising substrate, which can meet the needs of industrialized seedling raising.

Description

Seedling substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice and its preparation method and seedling raising method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of rice planting, in particular to a seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice, a preparation method and a seedling raising method thereof.

Background technique

Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province is a large agricultural county that mainly produces grain. It has a unique climate, fertile soil, abundant rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night. There are Nanhai River, Liusha River and other rivers running through several major dams in the county, which are very suitable for the growth of high-quality rice. Menghai County is the country's commodity grain base county, and has a very long history of high-quality rice cultivation. The development of high-quality rice cultivation has reached a certain scale, and the brand has a certain social effect.

But at present, the development of high-quality rice industry in Menghai County is slow, and there are still many problems in rice production. The applicant has found that the prior art has at least the following technical problems:

1. The method of raising seedlings of Menghai fragrant rice in the prior art is too traditional, and most of the planters raise seedlings to carry out by means of ridges and direct field sowing. The bed soil is not disinfected and sterilized. Simultaneously, the seedling raising points are scattered, which greatly increases the number of seedlings. The difficulty of field management of seedlings leads to the fact that the quality of seedlings cannot be guaranteed under the condition of high labor input cost, and the emergence of seedlings is often uneven, and the disease and insect pests in the seedling stage are serious, and mechanical transplanting cannot be carried out.

2. In the prior art, the planters who adopted substrates for raising seedlings lacked professional technology for the preparation of rice seedling substrates, and the substrate raw materials had no fixed procurement (acquisition) channels and no fixed nutritional formulas, resulting in various batches of seedlings and seedlings of different varieties. The quality is uneven, and even the seedlings are burnt or dead. The quality of the mechanical operation cannot be guaranteed. There are many shortages of seedlings after transplanting. Management, resulting in inconsistent rice maturity in the later stage, thereby affecting the quality of fragrant rice.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a seedling-raising substrate for improving the quality and output of fragrant rice and a preparation method and a seedling-raising method thereof, to solve the problem that the seedling-raising method of Menghai fragrant rice in the prior art is too traditional, and most of the planting households take ridges for raising seedlings Direct field sowing is carried out without disinfection and sterilization of the bed soil. At the same time, the seedlings are scattered, which greatly increases the difficulty of field management of seedlings. As a result, the quality of seedlings cannot be guaranteed under the condition of high labor input cost, and seedlings often emerge. It is not neat, and the seedling stage has serious diseases and insect pests, and it is impossible to carry out the technical problem of mechanical transplanting.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a seedling-raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice, comprising a soil-mixing seedling-raising substrate and a seedling-strengthening agent; wherein,

The soil-mixing and raising seedling base comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of seedling raising base material; 60-70 parts of red loam;

The seedling strengthening agent includes bactericide, nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, the bactericide is added at 400-600 mg/kg, the zinc sulfate is added at 2-3 mg/kg, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added at a rate of 2-3 mg/kg. Add at 10-15 mg/kg.

Further, in the soil-mixing and raising seedling substrate, the weight parts of each raw material are respectively: 32-38 parts of seedling raising substrate; 62-68 parts of red loam.

Further, in the soil-mixing and raising seedling matrix, the weight parts of each raw material are respectively: 35 parts of seedling raising base material; 65 parts of red loam soil.

Further, in the described seedling strengthening agent, according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, the bactericide is added at 420-480 mg/kg, the zinc sulfate is added at 2.2-2.8 mg/kg, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added at 12-14 mg/kg. .

Further, in the seedling strengthening agent, according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, the bactericide was added at 500 mg/kg, the zinc sulfate was added at 2.5 mg/kg, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate was added at 12.5 mg/kg.

In the method for preparing a seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice provided by the present invention, the soil-mixing seedling raising substrate and the seedling strengthening agent are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to obtain the finished seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice.

A method for raising seedlings provided by the invention, using the above-mentioned raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice to raise the seedlings of fragrant rice seeds, comprises the following steps:

S1. Plant the fragrant rice seeds in sunny days for 1-2 days;

S2, soak the fragrant rice seeds after sun treatment with a sterilant for 20-26 hours, and then clean them;

S3, spreading the fragrant rice seeds treated in step S2 in a room with a temperature of 28-32° C., moisturizing and accelerating germination for 4-6h;

S4. Select when the daily average temperature is stable above 12°C for sowing, including:

S41, pad a layer of seedling raising substrate on the seedling tray; sprinkle water on the seedling raising substrate;

S42, then sow the seeds after moisturizing and germination on the seedling raising substrate;

S43, finally covering the seedling substrate on the seeds;

S5, place the seedling tray after sowing is completed in the germination chamber for germination, and in a dark environment with a temperature of 10-40 ° C for germination, until the length of the seed germination is 8-12mm, and the germination is completed;

S6. Move the seedling tray to the greenhouse for placement and emergence management;

S6. Seedling management, including four key periods: seed root development period, first complete leaf elongation period, weaning period, and preparation period before transplanting

S61, the seed root development stage,

From sowing to the first leaf tip, the time is 3-5 days, and the temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled to be ≤32 °C. When the temperature is >32 °C, the greenhouse should be ventilated;

S62, the first complete leaf elongation period

From the emergence to the first complete leaf expansion, the time is 5-7 days. The aerial part controls the height of the first leaf sheath to be ≤3 cm, and the underground part promotes 5 root systems of the sheath leaf nodes that are coextensive with the first leaf; the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled At 22-28°C, open the film of the greenhouse in time to ventilate and harden the seedlings; when the soil of the seedling substrate bed on the seedling tray turns white, the water droplets spit from the tip of the leaves in the morning and evening become smaller, or the new leaves curl when the temperature is high in the afternoon, the next morning 7:00-9:00 Use water with a temperature of ≥16°C for watering.

S63, weaning period

From the second leaf dew tip to the third leaf, the time is 10-14 days. The temperature of the greenhouse is controlled between 20-25 °C. During this period, the seedlings should be well ventilated. When the humidity in the greenhouse is high, the greenhouse should be opened on rainy days. The shed film is ventilated and trained; the water management measures of alternating dry and wet are adopted from the 1-leaf 1-heart stage to the 3-leaf stage, and the seedling substrate in the seedling tray is kept semi-arid;

S64. Preparation period before transplanting

From 3.1-3.5 leaves, the time is 2-3 days, 125-150 grams of diammonium phosphate is applied per 100 square meters of seedbed, and a small amount of water is sprayed to make the fertilizer stick to the seedbed; natural brassin is 0.8-1.2 grams/mu.

Further, in the step S41, the thickness of the seedling raising substrate on the seedling tray is 2-3 cm; in the step S43, the thickness of the seedling raising substrate covering the seeds is 2-3 cm.

Further, in the step S5, germination is carried out at a temperature of 30-32°C.

Further, in the step S62, during the first complete leaf elongation period, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 22-25°C.

Based on the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present invention can at least produce the following technical effects:

(1) The seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice provided by the present invention and the preparation method thereof, the obtained seedling raising substrate is a composite seedling raising substrate, which can meet the needs of industrialized seedling raising. Cultivate robust rice seedlings, realize centralized seedling raising and seedling supply, and at the same time satisfy mechanical transplanting, so as to improve the yield and quality of rice.

(2) The method for raising seedlings provided by the present invention uses the seedling-raising matrix that improves the quality and output of fragrant rice to inject and raise seedlings, aiming at the problems such as insufficient technology, poor quality of seedlings, irregular seedling emergence, serious disease and other problems in traditional field scattered seedling raising in Menghai area. A breakthrough has been made, combined with local agricultural resources to develop a special seedling raising substrate for Menghai fragrant rice, and through factory raising seedlings and greenhouse raising seedlings, the seedling raising period is shortened, the robust rice seedlings are cultivated, the centralized seedling raising and seedling supply are realized, and the mechanical seedling transplanting is satisfied. yield and quality.

(3) The method for raising seedlings provided by the present invention uses a seedling raising matrix that improves the quality and yield of fragrant rice to inject and raise seedlings. When raising seedlings, first dry the seeds, spread them out in a ventilated place to dry naturally, and turn them frequently during the drying process. Make the seed dryness consistent. It can promote the after-ripening of seeds and improve the activity of enzymes, promote the entry of oxygen into the seeds, use ultraviolet rays for disinfection and sterilization, and improve the germination rate and germination potential of seeds. In general, the survival rate can be increased by 20%; the sowing is uniform, the thickness of the soil cover is moderate, and the seedlings emerge neatly; the quality of the seedlings is good (the number of white roots per seedling increases by 3-8, and the packing force increases by 20%); Deep fertilization technology saves labor costs and improves the efficiency of rice transplanting by 50 times (traditional manual transplanting of 1 person/day is less than 1 mu; 1 modern mechanical transplanter/day of 50 mu); modern agricultural seedling raising saves 2 to 2 to 1 mu per mu compared to traditional seedling raising. 5 yuan, and improve the land utilization rate (1 mu of traditional seedlings and 100 mu of paddy fields for Honda seedlings, 1 mu for modern sports seedlings and 500 mu of paddy fields for Honda seedlings); modern seedlings save time and cost, shorten the breeding cycle by about ten days; modern seedlings can control temperature and control Wet, can reduce the incidence of 15%, stable and high yield of rice can be increased to 16%.

Detailed ways

One, adopt rice variety, seedling time, planting site and seedling base material in the embodiment

Rice variety: Diantun 502;

Late rice seedling breeding time: June 15-June 20, the deadline for transplanting is July 10-July 20, the seedling age is 25-35 days;

Planting location: Menghai.

Seedling base material: all use Banna Wangcang seedling breeding base, purchased from Xishuangbanna Wangcang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., specification: 20kg/bag.

Banna Wangcang Seedling Substrate

Table 1 Physical and chemical indicators

2. Example

Example 1:

A seedling-raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice, comprising a soil-mixing seedling-raising substrate and a seedling-strengthening agent; wherein,

The soil-mixing and raising seedling base comprises the following raw materials by weight: 40 parts of Banna Wangcang seedling raising base; 60 parts of red loam;

The seedling strengthening agent includes bactericide, nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, bactericide (using chlorothalonil) is added at 400 mg/kg, zinc sulfate is added at 3 mg/kg, and diphosphate is added at 400 mg/kg. Potassium hydrogen was added at 10 mg/kg.

The preparation method is to mix the soil-mixing seedling-raising substrate and the seedling-strengthening agent evenly according to the proportion, and then the seedling-strengthening agent is obtained.

Example 2:

A seedling-raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice, comprising a soil-mixing seedling-raising substrate and a seedling-strengthening agent; wherein,

The soil-mixing and raising seedling base comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 38 parts of Banna Wangcang seedling raising base; 62 parts of red loam;

The seedling strengthening agent includes bactericide, nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, bactericide (using chlorothalonil) is added at 420 mg/kg, zinc sulfate is added at 2.8 mg/kg, and phosphoric acid is added at 420 mg/kg. Potassium dihydrogen was added at 12 mg/kg.

The preparation method is to mix the soil-mixing seedling-raising substrate and the seedling-strengthening agent evenly according to the proportion, and then the seedling-strengthening agent is obtained.

Example 3:

A seedling-raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice, comprising a soil-mixing seedling-raising substrate and a seedling-strengthening agent; wherein,

The soil-mixing and seedling-raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of Banna Wangcang seedling-raising substrate; 65 parts of red loam;

The seedling strengthening agent includes bactericide, nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, bactericide (using chlorothalonil) is added at 500 mg/kg, zinc sulfate is added at 2.5 mg/kg, and phosphoric acid is added at 500 mg/kg. Potassium dihydrogen was added at 12.5 mg/kg.

The preparation method is to mix the soil-mixing seedling-raising substrate and the seedling-strengthening agent evenly according to the proportion, and then the seedling-strengthening agent is obtained.

Example 4:

A seedling-raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice, comprising a soil-mixing seedling-raising substrate and a seedling-strengthening agent; wherein,

The soil-mixing and raising seedling base comprises the following raw materials by weight: 32 parts of Banna Wangcang seedling raising base; 68 parts of red loam;

The seedling strengthening agent includes bactericide, nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, bactericide (using chlorothalonil) is added at 480 mg/kg, zinc sulfate is added at 2.2 mg/kg, and phosphoric acid is added at 480 mg/kg. Potassium dihydrogen was added at 14 mg/kg.

The preparation method is to mix the soil-mixing seedling-raising substrate and the seedling-strengthening agent evenly according to the proportion, and then the seedling-strengthening agent is obtained.

Example 5:

A seedling-raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice, comprising a soil-mixing seedling-raising substrate and a seedling-strengthening agent; wherein,

The soil-mixing and raising seedling base comprises the following raw materials by weight: 30 parts of Banna Wangcang seedling raising base; 70 parts of red loam;

The seedling strengthening agent includes bactericide, nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, bactericide (using chlorothalonil) is added at 600 mg/kg, zinc sulfate is added at 2 mg/kg, and diphosphate is added at 600 mg/kg. Potassium hydrogen was added at 15 mg/kg.

The preparation method is to mix the soil-mixing seedling-raising substrate and the seedling-strengthening agent evenly according to the proportion, and then the seedling-strengthening agent is obtained.

Example 6:

The seedling raising substrate of improving fragrant rice quality and yield in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 is used to carry out the seedling raising of fragrant rice seeds, comprising the following steps:

S1. The fragrant rice seeds are sun-dried for 1.5 days in a sunny day;

S2, soak the fragrant rice seeds after sun treatment with a sterilant for 24 hours, and then clean them;

S3, spreading the fragrant rice seeds treated in step S2 in a room with a temperature of 30° C., moisturizing and accelerating germination for 5h;

S4. Early rice should pay attention to the harm of late spring cold to seedlings, choose to sow when the daily average temperature is stable above 12 ℃, and also pay attention to avoid the harm of panicle differentiation and high temperature during heading and flowering period, and the sowing date should not be too late; sowing methods include:

S41. Pad a layer of 3cm seedling raising substrate on the seedling tray; sprinkle water on the seedling raising substrate, and the amount of water spraying is suitable for the seedling raising substrate not to drip;

S42, then sow the seeds after moisturizing and germination on the seedling raising substrate;

A 9-inch hard disk is used as the seedling tray, with an inner diameter of 58 cm x 28 cm x 2.8 cm. The sowing rate of conventional rice fragrant rice for double-cropping rice is 100-150 grams per tray, and the single-cropping conventional rice is 90-120 grams per tray; Do a good job in the maintenance of the seeder, adjust the seeder according to the seeding amount, and adjust the uniformity of the seeding before sowing;

S43. Finally, cover the seeds with a layer of seedling raising substrate, and the covering thickness of the seedling raising substrate is 2-3mm;

S5, place the seedling tray after sowing is completed in the germination room for germination, and in a dark environment, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, until the length of the seed germination is 8-12mm, the seed germination rate reaches more than 90%, and the germination is over;

S6. Move the seedling tray to the greenhouse for placement and emergence management; when placing the seedling tray, it is required to place the seedling tray horizontally and vertically, the trays are closely connected, and the side trays are squeezed tightly with fine soil;

S6. Seedling management, including four key periods: seed root development period, first complete leaf elongation period, weaning period, and preparation period before transplanting:

S61, the seed root development stage,

From sowing to the first leaf tip, the time is 3-5 days. This period is mainly for cultivating seed roots, requiring thick and long roots, more fibrous roots and more root hairs. Highlight the principle of cultivating seedlings before cultivating roots, and cultivating roots before cultivating seeds and roots. The management focus is on temperature control, and it is required to control the temperature in the greenhouse to be ≤32°C. When the temperature is greater than 32°C, the greenhouse should be ventilated; generally, no watering is required during this period;

S62, the first complete leaf elongation period

It takes 5-7 days from seedling emergence to the first complete leaf expansion. The management focus is to control the height of the first leaf sheath ≤ 3 cm in the aerial part, and the underground part promotes 5 root systems of the sheath leaf nodes that are coextensive with the first leaf; this During the period, the temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 22-25 °C; when the temperature is higher than 28 °C, the greenhouse film in the greenhouse should be opened in time to ventilate the seedlings. In the first complete leaf elongation period, pay attention to the "three-look" watering principle: look at whether the soil surface (seedling substrate) is white and the growth status of the root system, and secondly look at the size of the water droplets spit from the leaf tips in the morning and evening. ; Third, see if the new leaves are curled when the temperature is high in the afternoon, such as the bed soil is white, the water droplets are smaller in the morning and evening, or the new leaves are curled at noon, watering with water with a temperature of ≥16 °C at 7:00-9:00 the next morning, once watering foot.

S63, weaning period

It takes 10-14 days from the dew tip of the second leaf to the development of the third leaf. The management focus is to promote the robust growth of 8 roots of incomplete leaf nodes in the underground part, and control the first leaf, the second leaf, the second leaf and the second leaf in the aerial part. The distance between the leaf ears of the leaf and the third leaf is 1 cm each to prevent the stems and leaves from growing too long. The key is to control temperature and moisture. The shed temperature should be controlled between 20-25 °C. During this period, the seedlings should be trained with great ventilation. When the humidity in the shed is high, the seedlings should also be ventilated and trained on rainy days.

From the 1-leaf 1-heart stage to the 3-leaf stage, the water management measures of alternating dry and wet are adopted, and it is advisable to keep the seedling substrate in the seedling tray semi-arid, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting air, fertilizer, humidity and protecting seedlings with water;

The higher the temperature for raising seedlings, the faster the seedlings grow. However, when the temperature exceeds 35°C, the growth rate of the seedlings is too fast, which will lead to the decline of the quality of the seedlings, and it is easy to cause high humidity (relative humidity greater than 85%), which will lead to rice leaf blast, so the greenhouse The temperature inside should be controlled below 35 ℃, and the relative humidity should be controlled below 85%. At the same time, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of rice blight, and the central diseased plants should be controlled in time.

S64. Preparation period before transplanting

From 3.1-3.5 leaves, the time is 2-3 days, apply 140 grams of diammonium phosphate per 100 square meters of seedbed, and spray a small amount of water to make the fertilizer stick to the seedbed; natural brassin is 1 g/mu;

After the pre-transplant preparation period is over, seedlings that can be transplanted into the field are obtained.

Example 7:

The seedling raising substrate of improving fragrant rice quality and output in the above-mentioned embodiment 2 is used to carry out the seedling raising of fragrant rice seeds, comprising the following steps:

S1. The fragrant rice seeds are sun-dried for 1 day on a sunny day;

S2. Soak the fragrant rice seeds after sun treatment with a sterilant for 26 hours, and then wash them clean;

S3, spreading the fragrant rice seeds treated in step S2 in a room with a temperature of 32° C., moisturizing and accelerating germination for 4h;

S4. Early rice should pay attention to the harm of late spring cold to seedlings, choose to sow when the daily average temperature is stable above 12 ℃, and also pay attention to avoid the harm of panicle differentiation and high temperature during heading and flowering period, and the sowing date should not be too late; sowing methods include:

S41. Pad a layer of 3cm seedling raising substrate on the seedling tray; sprinkle water on the seedling raising substrate, and the amount of water spraying is suitable for the seedling raising substrate not to drip;

S42, then sow the seeds after moisturizing and germination on the seedling raising substrate;

A 9-inch hard disk is used as the seedling tray, with an inner diameter of 58 cm x 28 cm x 2.8 cm. The sowing rate of conventional rice fragrant rice for double-cropping rice is 150 grams per tray, and for single-cropping conventional rice is 120 grams per tray; a planter should be prepared before sowing. For the maintenance work, adjust the seeder according to the seeding amount, and at the same time adjust the evenness of the seeding before sowing;

S43. Finally, cover the seeds with a layer of seedling raising substrate, and the covering thickness of the seedling raising substrate is 3 mm;

S5, place the seedling tray after sowing is completed in the germination room for germination, and in a dark environment, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, until the length of the seed germination is 8-12mm, the seed germination rate reaches more than 90%, and the germination is over;

S6. Move the seedling tray to the greenhouse for placement and emergence management; when placing the seedling tray, it is required to place the seedling tray horizontally and vertically, the trays are closely connected, and the side trays are squeezed tightly with fine soil;

S6. Seedling management, including four key periods: seed root development period, first complete leaf elongation period, weaning period, and preparation period before transplanting:

S61, the seed root development stage,

From sowing to the first leaf tip, the time is 3-5 days. This period is mainly for cultivating seed roots, requiring thick and long roots, more fibrous roots and more root hairs. Highlight the principle of cultivating seedlings before cultivating roots, and cultivating roots before cultivating seeds and roots. The management focus is on temperature control, and it is required to control the temperature in the greenhouse to be ≤32°C. When the temperature is greater than 32°C, the greenhouse should be ventilated; generally, no watering is required during this period;

S62, the first complete leaf elongation period

It takes 5-7 days from seedling emergence to the first complete leaf expansion. The management focus is to control the height of the first leaf sheath ≤ 3 cm in the aerial part, and the underground part promotes 5 root systems of the sheath leaf nodes that are coextensive with the first leaf; this During the period, the temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 22-25 °C; when the temperature is higher than 28 °C, the greenhouse film in the greenhouse should be opened in time to ventilate the seedlings. In the first complete leaf elongation period, you should pay attention to the "three-look" watering principle: look at whether the soil surface (seedling substrate) is white and the growth of the root system; ; Third, see if the new leaves are curled when the temperature is high in the afternoon, such as the bed soil is white, the water droplets are smaller in the morning and evening, or the new leaves are curled at noon, and water with a temperature of ≥16 °C at 7:00-9:00 the next morning, and water it once. foot.

S63, weaning period

It takes 10-14 days from the dew tip of the second leaf to the development of the third leaf. The management focus is to promote the robust growth of 8 roots of incomplete leaf nodes in the underground part, and control the first leaf, the second leaf and the second leaf in the aerial part. The distance between the leaf ears of the leaf and the third leaf is 1 cm each to prevent the stems and leaves from growing too long. The key is to control temperature and moisture. The shed temperature should be controlled between 20-25 °C. During this period, the seedlings should be trained with great ventilation. When the humidity in the shed is high, the seedlings should also be ventilated and trained on rainy days.

From the 1-leaf 1-heart stage to the 3-leaf stage, the water management measures of alternating dry and wet are adopted, and it is advisable to keep the seedling substrate in the seedling tray semi-arid, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting air, fertilizer, humidity and protecting seedlings with water;

The higher the temperature for raising seedlings, the faster the seedlings grow. However, when the temperature exceeds 35°C, the growth rate of the seedlings is too fast, which will lead to the decline of the quality of the seedlings, and it is easy to cause high humidity (relative humidity greater than 85%), which will lead to rice leaf blast, so the greenhouse The temperature inside should be controlled below 35 ℃, and the relative humidity should be controlled below 85%. At the same time, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of rice blight, and the central diseased plants should be controlled in time.

S64. Preparation period before transplanting

From 3.1-3.5 leaves, for 2-3 days, apply 150 grams of diammonium phosphate per 100 square meters of seedbed, and spray a small amount of water to make the fertilizer stick to the seedbed; natural brassin 1.2 grams/mu;

After the pre-transplant preparation period is over, seedlings that can be transplanted into the field are obtained.

Example 8:

The seedling raising substrate of improving fragrant rice quality and yield in the above-mentioned embodiment 3 is used to carry out the seedling raising of fragrant rice seeds, comprising the following steps:

S1. Plant the fragrant rice seeds in sunny days for 2 days;

S2, soak the fragrant rice seeds after sun treatment with a sterilant for 20h, and then clean them;

S3, spreading the fragrant rice seeds treated in step S2 in a room with a temperature of 28° C., moisturizing and accelerating germination for 6h;

S4. Early rice should pay attention to the harm of late spring cold to seedlings, choose to sow when the daily average temperature is stable above 12 ℃, and also pay attention to avoid the harm of panicle differentiation and high temperature during heading and flowering period, and the sowing date should not be too late; sowing methods include:

S41. Pad a layer of 2cm seedling raising substrate on the seedling tray; sprinkle water on the seedling raising substrate, and the amount of water spraying is suitable for the seedling raising substrate not to drip;

S42, then sow the seeds after moisturizing and germination on the seedling raising substrate;

A 9-inch hard disk is used as the seedling tray, with an inner diameter of 58 cm x 28 cm x 2.8 cm. The seeding rate of conventional rice fragrant rice for double-cropping rice is 100 grams per tray, and for single-cropping conventional rice is 90 grams per tray; a planter should be prepared before sowing. For the maintenance work, adjust the seeder according to the seeding amount, and at the same time adjust the evenness of the seeding before sowing;

S43. Finally, cover the seeds with a layer of seedling raising substrate, and the covering thickness of the seedling raising substrate is 2-3mm;

S5, place the seedling tray after sowing is completed in the germination room for germination, and in a dark environment, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, until the length of the seed germination is 8-12mm, the seed germination rate reaches more than 90%, and the germination is over;

S6. Move the seedling tray to the greenhouse for placement and emergence management; when placing the seedling tray, it is required to place the seedling tray horizontally and vertically, the trays are closely connected, and the side trays are squeezed tightly with fine soil;

S6. Seedling management, including four key periods: seed root development period, first complete leaf elongation period, weaning period, and preparation period before transplanting:

S61, the seed root development stage,

From sowing to the first leaf tip, the time is 3-5 days. This period is mainly for cultivating seed roots, requiring thick and long roots, more fibrous roots and more root hairs. Highlight the principle of cultivating seedlings before cultivating roots, and cultivating roots before cultivating seeds and roots. The management focus is on temperature control, and it is required to control the temperature in the greenhouse to be ≤32°C. When the temperature is greater than 32°C, the greenhouse should be ventilated; generally, no watering is required during this period;

S62, the first complete leaf elongation period

It takes 5-7 days from seedling emergence to the first complete leaf expansion. The management focus is to control the height of the first leaf sheath ≤ 3 cm in the aerial part, and the underground part promotes 5 root systems of the sheath leaf nodes that are coextensive with the first leaf; this During the period, the temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 22-25 °C; when the temperature is higher than 28 °C, the greenhouse film in the greenhouse should be opened in time to ventilate the seedlings. In the first complete leaf elongation period, pay attention to the "three-look" watering principle: look at whether the soil surface (seedling substrate) is white and the growth status of the root system, and secondly look at the size of the water droplets spit from the leaf tips in the morning and evening. ; Third, see if the new leaves are curled when the temperature is high in the afternoon, such as the bed soil is white, the water droplets are smaller in the morning and evening, or the new leaves are curled at noon, watering with water with a temperature of ≥16 °C at 7:00-9:00 the next morning, once watering foot.

S63, weaning period

It takes 10-14 days from the dew tip of the second leaf to the development of the third leaf. The management focus is to promote the robust growth of 8 roots of incomplete leaf nodes in the underground part, and control the first leaf, the second leaf, the second leaf and the second leaf in the aerial part. The distance between the leaf ears of the leaf and the third leaf is 1 cm each to prevent the stems and leaves from growing too long. The key is to control temperature and moisture. The shed temperature should be controlled between 20-25 °C. During this period, the seedlings should be trained with great ventilation. When the humidity in the shed is high, the seedlings should also be ventilated and trained on rainy days.

From the 1-leaf 1-heart stage to the 3-leaf stage, the water management measures of alternating dry and wet are adopted, and it is advisable to keep the seedling substrate in the seedling tray semi-arid, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting air, fertilizer, humidity and protecting seedlings with water;

The higher the temperature for raising seedlings, the faster the seedlings grow. However, when the temperature exceeds 35°C, the growth rate of the seedlings is too fast, which will lead to the decline of the quality of the seedlings, and it is easy to cause high humidity (relative humidity greater than 85%), which will lead to rice leaf blast, so the greenhouse The temperature inside should be controlled below 35 ℃, and the relative humidity should be controlled below 85%. At the same time, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of rice blight, and the central diseased plants should be controlled in time.

S64. Preparation period before transplanting

From 3.1-3.5 leaves, the time is 2-3 days, 125 grams of diammonium phosphate is applied per 100 square meters of seedbed, and a small amount of water is sprayed to make the fertilizer stick to the seedbed; natural brassin is 0.8 grams/mu;

After the pre-transplant preparation period is over, seedlings that can be transplanted into the field are obtained.

Example 9:

The seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice in the above-mentioned Example 4 was used to raise the fragrant rice seeds. The seedling raising method was the same as that in Example 6, and the seedlings that could be transplanted into the field were obtained.

Example 10:

The seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice in the above-mentioned Example 5 was used to raise the fragrant rice seeds, and the seedling raising method was the same as that in Example 6, and the seedlings that could be transplanted into the field were obtained.

3. Comparative ratio

Comparative Example 1:

The red loam was used as the seedling-raising substrate to raise the fragrant rice seeds, and the seedling raising method was the same as that in Example 6, and the seedlings that could be transplanted into the field were obtained.

Comparative Example 2:

The seedling-raising substrate used in this comparative example includes a soil-mixing seedling-raising base and a seedling-strengthening agent; wherein, the soil-mixing seedling-raising base includes the following raw materials by weight: 35 parts of Banna Wangcang seedling-raising base; 65 parts of red loam; The agent includes fungicides and nutritional supplements; according to the weight of the soil-mixing seedling raising substrate, the fungicide is added at 500 mg/kg, and the zinc sulfate is added at 2.5 mg/kg; its preparation is to mix the soil-mixing seedling raising base and the seedling strengthening agent according to the proportions. , that is; in this comparative example, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is not added to the seedling raising substrate (ie, compared with the seedling raising substrate of Example 1, no starting phosphorus is added).

The above-mentioned seedling-raising substrate was used to raise the fragrant rice seeds, and the seedling raising method was the same as that in Example 6, and the seedlings that could be transplanted into the field were obtained.

4. Experimental example

1. Analyze the seedlings obtained by raising seedlings in Example 6-10 and Comparative Example 1-2, and compare the effects of different seedling raising substrate treatments on the quality of seedlings of Diantun 502 rice.

1) The quality measurement items of rice seedlings refer to GB-T 6243-2003 test method for rice machine transplanting. The emergence time, emergence rate and plant height of rice seedlings were observed and recorded during the whole seedling raising process.

(1) Determination of seedling emergence rate: At the 5th day of rice seedling emergence, a quadrat with an area of 5cm × 5cm was used, and the number of seedlings at 4 points was randomly measured in the seedling tray, and the average was taken. The rate of emergence = the number of seeds emerging in the point ÷ the total number of seeds in the point × 100%.

(2) Investigation on the quality of rice seedlings: sampling and measurement after rice seedlings were raised for 20 days. A 10cm×10cm quadrat was used to take samples from the seedling raising treatment to determine the number of seedlings per unit area. visit. 20 representative seedlings were selected from the samples, and morphological indicators such as seedling height (ruler), stem base width (vernier caliper), leaf length (ruler), and leaf age were measured, and then the samples were divided into aboveground The fresh weight of the shoots and roots was measured, and the greens were dried in an oven at 105 °C for 30 min, dried at 60 °C to constant weight, and the dry matter weight of the shoots and roots was measured.

Strong seedling index=(stem diameter/plant height+underground dry weight/ground dry weight)×dry weight per plant;

Root to shoot ratio = underground dry weight / aboveground dry weight;

G value (dry matter accumulation rate) = dry weight of whole plant/days of seedling raising.

(3) Determination of SPAD value of seedlings: rapid determination of SPAD value of leaves by chlorophyll meter.

(4) Determination of root index: sampling and measurement after rice seedlings were raised for 20 days, a 10cm×10cm quadrat was used to take samples from the seedling raising treatment. Measure the length of the main root with a ruler, count the total number of roots, put the root system into a 10ml measuring cylinder and compact it to measure the total root volume and the average diameter of the main root system. Root viability was measured by TTC method.

(5) Seedling root system binding force: 5 points are randomly selected for each plate of seedlings 1 day before transplanting, and 3 consecutive seedlings are selected for each point, respectively tied with strings, and then the spring balance is used to vertically lift the seedlings until the seedlings are separated from the seedlings. , the maximum reading of the spring balance is the value of the root system of the three seedlings.

2), measurement result, as shown in table 1 below:

Table 1 Seedling quality results

Plant height, cm Stem diameter, mm spad value root to shoot ratio Comparative Example 1 17 1.6 twenty four 0.9 Comparative Example 2 twenty four 2.0 26 1.0 Example 6 twenty two 2.2 28 1.1 Example 7 22.5 2.2 28 1.1 Example 8 21.5 2.3 28 1.2 Example 9 twenty two 2.2 29 1.2 Example 10 22.5 2.2 28.5 1.1

As can be seen from Table 1, from the results of seedling raising, compared with traditional seedling raising, Examples 6 to 10 of the present invention showed significant advantages in seedling quality, and the added seedling strengthening agent (starting phosphorus) showed that the seedling plant height was affected. Compared with Comparative Example 1 without adding seedling strengthening agent, the plant heights of Examples 6-10 were reduced by at least 5 percentage points; It shows that the stem thickness is increased, and Examples 6-10 are increased by at least 7 percentage points compared with Comparative Example 1; and with the addition of the seedling strengthening agent (starting phosphorus), the spad value of the seedling leaves also shows an increase, showing that the seedling leaves are increased. The increase of chlorophyll content is conducive to promoting the photoaction of leaves, thereby promoting the growth and development of seedlings; and from the data of the root-shoot ratio of seedlings, adding a seedling strengthening agent (starting phosphorus) is conducive to the root growth of seedlings, with strong rooting ability and promoting The main root grows strong and plays an obvious short and strong effect on the seedlings, thereby improving the survival rate, shortening the slow seedling period of the seedlings, accelerating the entry into tillers, and inhibiting the growth of excess capillary roots, so there are relatively few capillary roots, which can effectively reduce Machine inserts damage the root condition.

2. The seedlings obtained by raising the seedlings in Example 6-10 and Comparative Example 1-2 were transplanted to the field, and the field test was done.

1), transplanting and field management methods

① Seedling transplanting:

When raising the seedlings, first slowly pull off a small amount of root system passing through the seepage hole at the bottom of the tray, lift the coiled seedlings together, lay them flat, and then carefully roll the seedlings off the tray. After the seedlings are transported to the field, they should be unloaded and laid flat immediately, so that the seedlings can stretch naturally, and can be transplanted with the transportation. In addition, the ratio of machine-transplanted seedlings is high, and the ratio of seedling cultivation to field area can reach 1:100. Therefore, a chemical control work should be carried out before machine-planting, so that the seedlings can be machine-planted with medicine, which can play a better pest control effect.

When transplanting into the field, according to the plant spacing of 13.3cm, row spacing of 30cm, 250,000 holes/ha, 2 seedlings per hole, and 250,000 seedlings/ha of basic seedlings; Divide 21 experimental plots, and each experimental plot is randomly distributed.

②Daejeon management

After transplanting to the field, the 21 experimental plots were managed according to the same field management methods; for example, the fertilization time, fertilization type, fertilization amount, water management, and pest management were all the same until the rice matured. The amount of fertilizer added in the field test is shown in Table 2 below:

Table 2 The amount of fertilizer added in the field test

2), analyze the effect of different seedling substrate treatments on the yield of Diantun 502 rice:

Through the analysis of yield structure, after the seedlings obtained by raising seedlings in Example 6-10 and Comparative Example 1-2 were transplanted to the field and matured, there was no significant difference in the number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate. The number of ears per mu and the yield analysis results are shown in Table 3 below:

Table 3 Yield analysis results

Ears per mu, ear/mu Yield, kg/mu yield rate Comparative Example 1 271668 576.45 Comparative Example 2 299668 664.68 15.31% Example 6 311002 691.59 19.97% Example 7 311058 695.69 20.69% Example 8 311023 693.23 20.26% Example 9 311152 699.78 21.39% Example 10 311109 697.45 20.99%

As can be seen from Table 3, the seedling raising substrates of Comparative Example 2 and Example 6-Example 10 can effectively improve the effective number of ears per mu, and the number of ears per mu of the seedling raising treatment of Comparative Example 1 is only 271,668 ears/mu, while the composite organic quality seedling raising has no effect on the number of ears per mu. The treatment of ratio 2 had 299,668 ears/mu, and the seedling raising treatments of Examples 6-10 had effective ears of at least 310,988 ears/mu.

3), to analyze the effects of different seedling substrate treatments on the processing quality and nutritional quality of Diantun 502 rice.

For the determination of rice quality, after the rice is harvested, the rice to be measured is placed in a dry and ventilated place for about 30 days. When the moisture of the rice is between 13% and 15%, the quality of the rice is analyzed.

(1) Processing and grinding quality

Determination of rice processing and grinding quality: the weight of the rice sample is recorded as P0, the rice is put into the browning machine, after removing the chaff and husk, the weight of the brown rice obtained by weighing is recorded as P1, and the calculation formula of brown rice rate is: brown rice Rate (%)=P1/P0×100%

Take out a certain amount of brown rice P2 (20g) from the heavy brown rice P1, and process and finely grind the brown rice P2 with a KETT rice mill and a rice whitening machine. Then, from the milled rice from which the bran powder has been removed, the whole milled rice is picked out by electric sieving method or manual selection method, and the weight is recorded as P4. Then the calculation formulas of the milled rice rate and the whole milled rice rate are:

Rice polishing rate (%) = roughness rate P3/P2 × 100%;

Finished rice rate (%)=P4/P2×100%.

(2) Cooking quality

The indexes of amylose content and protein content were measured by VECTOR 22/N near-infrared spectrometer.

(3) Nutritional quality

Fatty acid value: The fatty acid value was determined according to GB/T15684-1995 Grain Fatty Acid Determination Method.

(4) Taste value: The content index of food taste value was measured with a VECTOR 22/N type near-infrared spectrometer.

Table 4 Effects of rice processing quality and nutritional quality

As can be seen from Table 4, by observing the moisture, rice yield, whole milled rice rate, taste value, protein, amylose, fatty acid and other indicators of the treated rice, it was found that the moisture, rice yield, whole milled rice rate and taste value of the rice were all The difference in presentation was not significant. A closer look at its nutritional components found that there were significant differences in protein content, amylose content and fatty acid content:

①The content of protein and amylose is an important indicator that affects the taste of rice. The lower the protein content of rice within a certain range, the better the taste of rice, while the amylose is the opposite. Compared with the seedling rearing treatment of Comparative Example 1, the protein content of the treatment of Comparative Example 2 increased by 0.24 percentage points, and compared with the seedling rearing treatment of Comparative Example 2, the protein content of the rice treated in Example 6 decreased by 0.34 percentage points, which indicates that the The seedling raising substrate of the ratio 2 can increase the protein content of the rice, and adding starting phosphorus can reduce the protein content in the rice, making the taste of the rice better; other examples have the same trend as the experimental results in Example 6;

②The content of amylose is opposite to that of protein content. Compared with the seedling raising treatment of Comparative Example 1, the amylose content of the treatment of Comparative Example 2 decreased by 0.25 percentage points. , the amylose content of the rice in the seedling raising treatment of Example 6 increased by 0.25 percentage points, which shows that although the seedling raising in Comparative Example 2 can reduce the amylose content of the rice, the addition of starting phosphorus can increase the amylose content of the rice. , so as to make up for the taste affected by this aspect; the experimental results of other embodiments and Example 6 have the same trend;

③In terms of the fatty acid content of rice, compared with the seedling raising treatment of Comparative Example 1, the fatty acid content of the rice seedling raising of Comparative Example 2 increased by 0.35 percentage points, and the fatty acid content of the rice raising treatment of Example 6 increased by 3.59 percentage points, which was significant. Differences; the experimental results of other examples and Example 6 have the same trend.

Claims (10)

1. a seedling raising substrate for improving fragrant rice quality and output, is characterized in that, comprises mixing soil seedling raising substrate and seedling strengthening agent; Wherein, The soil-mixing and raising seedling base comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of seedling raising base material; 60-70 parts of red loam; The seedling strengthening agent includes bactericide, nutritional supplement and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; according to the weight of the soil-mixed seedling raising substrate, the bactericide is added at 400-600 mg/kg, the zinc sulfate is added at 2-3 mg/kg, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added at a rate of 2-3 mg/kg. Add at 10-15 mg/kg. 2. the seedling raising matrix of improving fragrant rice quality and output according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described soil mixing and raising seedling matrix, the parts by weight of each raw material are respectively: 32-38 parts of seedling raising base materials; 62 parts of red loam soil - 68 servings. 3. The seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and output of fragrant rice according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the described soil mixing and raising seedling substrate, the weight parts of each raw material are respectively: 35 parts of seedling raising substrate materials; 65 parts of red loam soil. 4. the seedling raising substrate of improving fragrant rice quality and output according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described seedling strengthening agent, by the weight of soil mixing seedling raising substrate, bactericide is added with 420-480mg/kg, zinc sulfate Add at 2.2-2.8 mg/kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 12-14 mg/kg. 5. the seedling raising substrate of improving fragrant rice quality and output according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described seedling strengthening agent, by the weight of soil mixing seedling raising substrate, bactericide is added with 500mg/kg, and zinc sulfate is added with 2.5 mg/kg was added, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was added at 12.5 mg/kg. 6. the preparation method of the seedling-raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice according to any one of claims 1-5, is characterized in that, mixing the soil-mixing seedling-raising substrate and the seedling-strengthening agent uniformly according to the proportioning ratio, that is, to obtain the seedling-raising substrate. Finished seedling substrates for rice quality and yield. 7. a method for raising seedlings, it is characterised in that the raising of rice seedlings of fragrant rice seeds is carried out by applying the seedling raising substrate of improving fragrant rice quality and output described in any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps: S1. Plant the fragrant rice seeds in sunny days for 1-2 days; S2, soak the fragrant rice seeds after sun treatment with a sterilant for 20-26 hours, and then clean them; S3, spreading the fragrant rice seeds treated in step S2 in a room with a temperature of 28-32° C., moisturizing and accelerating germination for 4-6h; S4. Sow seeds when the daily average temperature is stable above 12°C, including: S41, pad a layer of seedling raising substrate on the seedling tray; sprinkle water on the seedling raising substrate; S42, then sow the seeds after moisturizing and germination on the seedling raising substrate; S43, finally covering the seedling substrate on the seeds; S5, place the seedling tray after sowing is completed in the germination chamber for germination, and in a dark environment with a temperature of 10-40 ° C for germination, until the length of the seed germination is 8-12mm, and the germination is completed; S6. Move the seedling tray to the greenhouse for placement and emergence management; S6. Seedling management, including four key periods: seed root development period, first complete leaf elongation period, weaning period, and preparation period before transplanting S61, the seed root development stage, From sowing to the first leaf tip, the time is 3-5 days, and the temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled to be ≤32 °C. When the temperature is >32 °C, the greenhouse should be ventilated; S62, the first complete leaf elongation period From the emergence to the first complete leaf expansion, the time is 5-7 days. The aerial part controls the height of the first leaf sheath to be ≤3 cm, and the underground part promotes 5 root systems of the sheath leaf nodes that are coextensive with the first leaf; the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled At 22-28°C, open the film of the greenhouse in time to ventilate and harden the seedlings; when the soil of the seedling substrate bed on the seedling tray turns white, the water droplets spit from the tip of the leaves in the morning and evening become smaller, or the new leaves curl when the temperature is high in the afternoon, the next morning 7:00-9:00 Use water with a temperature of ≥16°C for watering. S63, weaning period From the second leaf dew tip to the third leaf, the time is 10-14 days. The temperature of the greenhouse is controlled between 20-25 °C. During this period, the seedlings should be well ventilated. When the humidity in the greenhouse is high, the greenhouse should be opened on rainy days. The shed film is ventilated and trained; the water management measures of alternating dry and wet are adopted from the 1-leaf 1-heart stage to the 3-leaf stage, and the seedling substrate in the seedling tray is kept semi-arid; S64. Preparation period before transplanting From 3.1-3.5 leaves, the time is 2-3 days, 125-150 grams of diammonium phosphate is applied per 100 square meters of seedbed, and a small amount of water is sprayed to make the fertilizer stick to the seedbed; natural brassin is 0.8-1.2 grams/mu. 8. The preparation method of the seedling-cultivating substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice according to claim 7, wherein in the step S41, the thickness of the seedling-cultivating substrate on the seedling tray is 2-3cm; the step S43 , the thickness of the seedling substrate covering the seeds is 2-3cm. 9 . The method for preparing a seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice according to claim 7 , wherein, in the step S5, germination is carried out at a temperature of 30-32° C. 10 . 10 . The method for preparing a seedling raising substrate for improving the quality and yield of fragrant rice according to claim 7 , wherein, in the step S62 , during the first complete leaf elongation period, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 22-25° C. 11 .