CN114956284B - Automatic dry-method heavy medium powder feeding system and method based on double-fed adjustment - Google Patents
Automatic dry-method heavy medium powder feeding system and method based on double-fed adjustment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114956284B CN114956284B CN202210582950.4A CN202210582950A CN114956284B CN 114956284 B CN114956284 B CN 114956284B CN 202210582950 A CN202210582950 A CN 202210582950A CN 114956284 B CN114956284 B CN 114956284B
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D11/00—Control of flow ratio
- G05D11/02—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material
- G05D11/13—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D11/139—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring a value related to the quantity of the individual components and sensing at least one property of the mixture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/003—Downstream control, i.e. outlet monitoring, e.g. to check the treating agents, such as halogens or ozone, leaving the process
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heavy medium powder dry method automatic feeding system and a method based on double-fed adjustment, comprising a flocculation unit, a heavy medium powder dry method automatic feeding unit and a sludge reflux unit, wherein the heavy medium powder dry method automatic feeding unit is connected with the upper part of the flocculation unit; the sludge reflux unit is connected with the flocculation unit. The invention is provided with a dry automatic feeding device for the heavy medium powder, so as to realize full-automatic continuous metering and accurate feeding of the heavy medium powder; according to the water quality indexes of the treated water quantity, the sludge density value and the like, adopting a feedforward and feedback two-step cooperative composite regulation method to finely and automatically regulate the adding quantity of heavy medium powder in real time; the sludge reflux quantity is regulated in real time according to the treated water quantity and the sludge reflux ratio and the sludge density value correction method, the two methods are combined to keep the suspension concentration of the mixed solution of the flocculation reactor uniform and stable, and the flocculation softening reaction effect is enhanced. The invention has good treatment effect, high heavy medium utilization efficiency, simple process flow and high automation degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water treatment, and particularly relates to a heavy medium powder dry method automatic feeding system and method based on double-fed adjustment.
Background
The circulating water discharged from the thermal power plant is wastewater with higher hardness and higher turbidity, and the recycling water-saving and emission-reducing effects are remarkable after the wastewater is qualified in treatment. The hardness and suspended matters in the sewage are removed by adopting a high-efficiency coagulating sedimentation softening process. The magnesium hardness in the sewage of most power plants is relatively large, the flocs formed by the magnesium hardness are light and are not easy to settle, the effluent quality is unstable, the hardness removal rate is improved by adopting methods of increasing the area of a tank body, reducing the rising flow rate or increasing the adding amount of a flocculating agent and the like in engineering practice, and the effluent quality is improved, but the problems of high construction and operation cost and pollution and blockage to the subsequent membrane also exist. The heavy medium coagulating sedimentation technology is to add coagulant into the reaction tank and add inert high-density micro-granular heavy medium powder as flocculation crystal nucleus to strengthen coagulating sedimentation, the heavy medium powder is wrapped in the coagulating flocs to increase the floc density and accelerate the floc sedimentation rate. The sludge reflux system is arranged to recycle the heavy medium powder and the coagulant through reflux, the sludge discharge system is used for recycling the heavy medium powder through the heavy medium powder recycling device, and the residual sludge is discharged out of the system. The process can improve the rising flow rate of the reactor, and has the advantages of small occupied area, good effluent quality, less running medicament, small sludge yield, strong shock resistance, good turbidity and phosphorus removal effect and the like.
The heavy medium powder of the existing heavy medium coagulation sedimentation device is intermittently added by adopting an artificial dry method, the rule requires that the adding frequency is not less than 2 times/d, and the heavy medium coagulation sedimentation device belongs to intermittent impact dosing. The weighting medium powder is added by adopting the manual dry method, so that the randomness is high, the adding time and the adding quantity are greatly influenced by subjective factors, and the labor intensity is high. The disadvantage of dry impact addition of the heavy medium powder is that the concentration of the heavy medium powder in the system is low before each addition, and the concentration of the heavy medium powder in the system is rapidly increased after instantaneous addition, so that stable mixed liquid is difficult to form synchronously, a certain impact is caused on the system, and the stable operation of equipment is not facilitated. After each addition, because the heavy medium powder is too much in the system in a short time, the formed heavy medium sludge has too high density, and is precipitated in the flocculation unit before entering the precipitation unit, so that the sludge in the flocculation unit is seriously accumulated, and the flocculation unit can be blocked by passing through a water hole and a communicating pipe after long-time accumulation, and even the stirrer is damaged. The dry intermittent addition of the heavy medium powder in the existing system does not fully consider the real-time change of the water treatment quantity, the heavy medium powder quantity required to be added in the next single time can be calculated only according to the total water treatment quantity in the time interval of two additions, the water treatment quantity is smaller than the average water treatment quantity in the time interval of two additions, the heavy medium powder is excessively added, the water treatment quantity is larger than the average water treatment quantity through advanced precipitation, the heavy medium powder is insufficient in addition, the density of the formed floccule is light, the precipitation performance is reduced, and the water quality of the effluent is poor. Few patent products propose dry automatic feeding of heavy medium powder, but only rough adjustment of the feeding amount of the heavy medium powder according to the water treatment amount is carried out, important indexes such as the water quality of effluent of a system, the density of real-time sludge and the like are not effectively monitored, the feeding amount of the heavy medium powder is finely tracked and adjusted, and the concentration of mixed liquid in the system is difficult to accurately control, so that certain limitations exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the impact of the manual dry intermittent addition of the heavy medium powder to the system, the pollution and blockage of the system, the difficulty in adapting to the fluctuation of water quantity and water quality and the large manual operation strength are caused by the adoption of the high-hardness wastewater treatment process of the heavy medium coagulation precipitation softening, the invention aims to provide the automatic dry addition system and the method for the heavy medium powder based on the double-feed adjustment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the automatic dry heavy medium powder feeding system based on double-fed regulation comprises a flocculation unit, an automatic dry heavy medium powder feeding unit and a sludge reflux unit; the dry automatic feeding unit of the heavy medium powder is connected with the upper part of the flocculation unit; the sludge reflux unit is connected with the flocculation unit;
the automatic dry-method heavy-medium powder feeding unit comprises a storage hopper, a flexible arch breaker and a shaftless quantitative feeder, wherein the heavy-medium powder storage hopper is connected with the flexible arch breaker, the flexible arch breaker is connected with the shaftless quantitative feeder, and the shaftless quantitative feeder is connected with the upper part of the flocculation unit.
The invention is further improved in that the flocculation unit comprises a flocculation tank, a stirrer is arranged in the flocculation tank, a water inlet communicating pipe and a guide cylinder are arranged at the bottom of the flocculation tank, the communicating pipe extends into the guide cylinder, and the lower part of the stirrer is positioned in the guide cylinder; the initial end of the water inlet communicating pipe is provided with a water inlet flowmeter for real-time metering and displaying measured values.
The invention is further improved in that the inner wall of the storage hopper is provided with a wear-resistant coating;
the storage hopper comprises a cylindrical barrel and a conical barrel which are communicated, the cylindrical barrel is positioned on the conical barrel, and the outer wall of the conical barrel forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the horizontal;
the top of the cylindrical barrel is provided with a dense mesh steel wire net piece which is perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical barrel, and the aperture of the dense mesh steel wire net piece is 200 meshes;
the bottom of the conical cylinder body is provided with an opening, and the conical cylinder body is provided with a looper flange; vibrating devices are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the lower part of the conical cylinder body.
The invention is further improved in that the flexible arch breaker comprises a cylindrical body, the upper part of the cylindrical body is connected with the lower part of the conical barrel of the storage hopper through a flange, and the cylindrical body is provided with a shut-off gate valve; the side wall of the cylindrical body is provided with an observation port, the center of the cylindrical body is vertically provided with a central shaft, the central shaft is connected with a motor, the central shaft stretches into the storage hopper, and a plurality of horizontal soft stainless steel scraping blades are uniformly arranged on the central shaft stretching into the conical barrel.
The invention is further improved in that the shaftless quantitative feeder comprises a scraping blade shaftless spiral conveying device, a circular tube type shell is arranged outside the scraping blade shaftless spiral conveying device, the scraping blade shaftless spiral conveying device is connected with a variable frequency motor and a speed reducer, and the gap between the scraping blade shaftless spiral conveying device and the circular tube type shell is 3-5 mm.
The invention is further improved in that the sludge reflux unit comprises a sludge reflux pump and a reflux pipeline; one side of the flocculation unit is provided with a sedimentation unit communicated with the flocculation unit, one end of a sludge reflux pump is connected with the bottom of the sedimentation unit, and the other end of the sludge reflux pump is connected with a reflux pipeline which is connected with a water inlet communicating pipe of the flocculation unit;
the sludge reflux pump is a variable frequency pump, and a sludge densimeter and a flowmeter are arranged on the sludge reflux pipeline.
The automatic dry feeding method of heavy medium powder based on the double-fed regulation system includes feeding heavy medium powder in the storage hopper to the shaftless quantitative feeder via the flexible arch breaker, adding the shaftless quantitative feeder into the flocculation tank, mixing the shaftless quantitative feeder with mixed liquid containing coagulant and softener to form heavy medium floc, depositing the heavy medium floc in the depositing unit, and conveying sludge in the bottom of the depositing unit to the flocculation unit via the sludge reflux unit.
The invention is further improved in that the shaftless dosing machine frequency is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:
P throwing in -feed forward shaftless dosing machine frequency;
Q throwing in -shaftless dosing capability;
q-flocculation tank water flow;
K 1 -correction coefficients;
r-recovery of the dense medium powder;
C 1 the heavy medium powder is put into operation for the first time.
The invention is further improved in that the sludge reflux flow at the bottom of the precipitation unit is calculated by the following formula:
Q returning to ＝Q×(22.4-20ρ)×5％ (2)
Wherein:
Q returning to -return sludge flow;
ρ -a display of sludge densitometer.
The invention is further improved in that the shaftless dosing machine frequency is calculated by the following formula:
wherein:
μ (t) -fed-back shaftless dosing machine frequency;
e (t) -real-time display of the sludge densitometer;
K p -a scaling factor;
T i -an integration time constant;
T d -differential time constant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention is provided with the dry automatic adding unit of the heavy medium powder, realizes continuous adding of the heavy medium powder by calculating the adding amount of the heavy medium powder, and has the advantages of uniform dispersion of the heavy medium powder, full reaction, avoiding the randomness of manual adding, avoiding the impact of intermittent impact adding medicine to a flocculation reactor, along with accurate medicine adding, high automation degree, reliable running and low manual operation strength.
According to the invention, by arranging the sludge reflux unit, the sludge reflux quantity is subjected to double refined adjustment by multiplying the water inflow quantity and the reflux ratio and assisting in correcting the sludge density value, so that the coagulation reaction effect is improved, the uniform and stable concentration of the mixed liquid of the flocculation unit is effectively maintained, the deposition of the heavy medium flocs of the flocculation unit along the bottom of the tank is improved, the consumption of heavy medium powder and coagulant is reduced, and the running cost is reduced.
The method can realize continuous and accurate feeding of the heavy medium powder, accurately control the concentration of the mixed solution in the flocculation softening reactor, enable the heavy medium flocs to be basically in a suspension state (steady state) in the flocculation unit, effectively solve the problem that the heavy medium flocs are precipitated in advance to block equipment, and can better adapt to the situation of severe fluctuation of water quantity. The method is suitable for discharging sewage by using circulating water with higher hardness, can effectively reduce the pollution blockage and impact of heavy medium powder on the flocculation reactor, greatly improves the utilization efficiency of the heavy medium powder, maintains the suspension concentration of the heavy medium powder in the reactor, further can ensure the quality of effluent water, strengthens the anti-fluctuation capability of a system under the conditions of water inflow fluctuation and frequent start and stop, and has good economic benefit.
Furthermore, the dry automatic feeding unit of the heavy medium powder of the invention carries out real-time feedforward coarse adjustment on the feeding amount of the heavy medium powder according to the water treatment amount, then tracks the water quality of the effluent and the real-time sludge density value to carry out feedback fine adjustment on the feeding amount of the heavy medium powder, and the two steps of cooperative composite accurate regulation and control can realize more accurate control on the concentration of the mixed solution in the reactor and improve the impact load and the coagulation softening effect of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dry automatic feeding system for heavy medium powder based on double feed adjustment;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the change in sludge density in a flocculation reactor during monitoring of system operation.
In the figure, a 1-water inlet flowmeter, a 2-flocculation tank, a 2-1-flocculation tank stirrer, a 2-2-guide cylinder, a 2-3-water inlet communicating pipe, a 2-4-submerged water outlet weir, a 3-sludge reflux pump, a 4-sludge reflux pipeline, a 4-1-sludge reflux flowmeter, a 4-2-sludge densimeter, a 5-storage hopper, a 5-1-dense mesh wire mesh, a 5-2-vibrating device, a 5-3-material breaking switch, a 6-flexible arch breaker, a 6-1-flexible scraping blade, a 6-2-shut-off gate valve, a 6-3-motor, a 7-shaftless quantitative feeder, a 7-1-circular pipe shell, a 7-2-shaftless screw conveyor with scraping blade and a 7-3-variable frequency motor are arranged.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the automatic dry heavy medium powder feeding system based on double-feed adjustment comprises a flocculation unit, an automatic dry heavy medium powder feeding unit and a sludge reflux unit; the dry automatic feeding unit of the heavy medium powder is connected with the upper part of the flocculation unit; the sludge reflux unit is connected with the flocculation unit.
Wherein the flocculation unit is a flocculation tank 2, a stirrer 2-1 is arranged in the flocculation tank 2, specifically, the lower part of the stirrer 2-1 is positioned in a guide cylinder 2-2, the bottom of the flocculation tank 2 is provided with a guide cylinder 2-2 and a water inlet communicating pipe 2-3, and the top of the communicating pipe 2-3 is positioned below the blades of the stirrer 2-1 in the guide cylinder 2-2. One side of the flocculation unit is provided with a precipitation unit communicated with the flocculation unit, and the other side of the flocculation unit is provided with a flocculation unit.
The initial end of the water inlet communicating pipe 2-3 is provided with a water inlet flowmeter 1 for real-time measurement and display of measured values, and the outlet water is connected with a subsequent precipitation unit through a submerged weir 2-4.
The dry automatic feeding unit for the heavy medium powder comprises a storage hopper 5, a flexible arch breaker 6 and a shaftless quantitative feeder 7. The heavy medium powder storage hopper 5 is connected with a flexible arch breaker 6, the flexible arch breaker 6 is connected with a shaftless quantitative feeder 7, and the shaftless quantitative feeder 7 is connected with the upper part of the flocculation unit. The storage hopper 5 is used for storing heavy medium powder, the flexible arch breaker 6 is used for loosening the bottom material of the hopper, and the shaftless quantitative feeder 7 is used for continuously and accurately feeding the heavy medium powder into the flocculation unit.
Preferably, a layer of wear-resistant coating with smooth surface is integrally lined in the storage hopper 5, so that friction force between heavy medium powder and the inner wall of the storage hopper 5 is reduced, and breakage of the heavy medium powder in the storage hopper 5 and flushing of the inner wall of the storage hopper 5 are prevented.
The storage hopper 5 comprises a cylindrical barrel and a conical barrel which are communicated, the cylindrical barrel is positioned on the conical barrel, and the outer wall of the conical barrel forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the horizontal, so that heavy medium powder can be prevented from being accumulated at corners.
The top of the cylindrical barrel is provided with a dense mesh wire net sheet 5-1 perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical barrel, the aperture of the dense mesh wire net sheet 5-1 is 200 meshes, and the dense mesh wire net sheet is used for screening and intercepting ineffective impurities in heavy medium powder, periodically cleaning the intercepted impurities out of a hopper, and avoiding blocking equipment pipelines after the impurities enter the reactor to be accumulated for a long time.
The bottom of the conical cylinder body is provided with an opening, and a looper flange is arranged. The outer wall of the lower part of the conical cylinder body is symmetrically provided with the vibrating devices 5-2, and when the heavy medium powder of the hopper forms an inverted arch to break the material, the vibrating devices 5-2 operate to destroy the arch, so that the continuous blanking is ensured. The upper part of the flange at the bottom of the conical cylinder body is provided with a material breaking switch 5-3, and an alarm is given when heavy medium powder in the storage hopper 5 is used up to prompt operators to timely supplement materials.
The flexible arch breaker 6 comprises a cylindrical body, the upper part of the cylindrical body is connected with the flange at the lower part of the conical barrel of the storage hopper 5 through a flange, a shut-off gate valve 6-2 is arranged below the flange, and when subsequent equipment is overhauled, the shut-off gate valve is inserted to prevent heavy medium powder in the hopper from leaking out;
the side of the cylindrical body is provided with an observation port, the center of the cylindrical body is vertically provided with a central shaft, and the central shaft extends into the conical cylinder. A plurality of horizontal soft stainless steel scraping blades 6-1 are uniformly arranged on a central shaft extending into the conical cylinder body, the central shaft is externally connected with a motor 6-3 and used for driving the central shaft to move along a circle, the stainless steel scraping blades 6-1 continuously rotate along the circle at the bottom of the conical cylinder body, loose and solid heavy medium powder is piled up, and continuous blanking is ensured.
The beginning end of the shaftless quantitative feeder 7 is connected with the bottom of the flexible arch breaker 6, and the tail end is connected with the upper part of the flocculation unit. The shaftless quantitative feeder 7 comprises a shaftless spiral conveying device 7-2 with scraping blades, and a circular tube type shell 7-1 is arranged outside the shaftless spiral conveying device 7-2 with scraping blades, so that the condition that heavy medium powder falls back during inclined installation can be effectively improved. The shaftless screw conveyor with scraping blades 7-2 is externally connected with a variable frequency motor 7-3 and a speed reducer and is used for driving the shaftless screw conveyor with scraping blades 7-2 to move forwards along the axial direction. The gap between the shaftless screw conveyor 7-2 with the scraping blade and the circular tube type shell 7-1 is 3-5 mm, so that backflow and friction force with the circular tube type shell 7-1 during forward feeding of the shaftless screw conveyor 7-2 with the scraping blade are prevented. The feeding of the heavy medium powder can be completed once every time the shaftless screw conveyor 7-2 with the scraping blade rotates once, the mass of the heavy medium powder fed each time is fixed, the rotating speed of the shaftless screw conveyor 7-2 with the scraping blade is controlled by driving the variable frequency motor, and then the feeding amount of the heavy medium powder is controlled. The shaftless quantitative feeder 7 is arranged and used within the range of 0-45 degrees with the horizontal included angle according to the requirement.
The sludge reflux unit comprises a sludge reflux pump 3 and a reflux pipeline 4; one end of a sludge reflux pump 3 is connected with the bottom of a subsequent precipitation unit, one end of the sludge reflux pump is connected with a reflux pipeline 4, and the sludge reflux pipeline 4 is connected with the tail end of a water inlet communicating pipe 2-3 of the flocculation unit.
The sludge reflux pump 3 is a variable frequency pump, and a sludge densimeter 4-2 and a flowmeter 4-1 are arranged on the sludge reflux pipeline 4.
The adding method based on the system comprises the following steps: when the system is started and operated for the first time, the heavy medium powder is fed for the first time according to the feeding amount of the unit tank volume of the reactor required by the technical regulations of magnetic medium coagulating sedimentation sewage treatment, and when the heavy medium powder is fed for the first time, the dry method automatic feeding device for the heavy medium powder runs at full frequency, the feeding time is calculated according to the feeding capacity and the total feeding amount of the shaftless quantitative feeder 7, and when the accumulated feeding time reaches the set time, the feeding device stops running. In the running process of the system, the heavy medium powder is added in a supplementing manner through a heavy medium powder dry method automatic adding unit, the heavy medium powder in the storage hopper 5 is sent to the shaftless quantitative feeder 7 through the flexible arch breaker 6, the shaftless quantitative feeder 7 carries out metering control on the supplementing addition amount of the heavy medium powder during running, the heavy medium powder with calculated quantification is conveyed to the flocculation tank 2 through the shaftless quantitative feeder 7, and the mixed solution after coagulant softener is added into the tank through the stirrer 2-1 is fully mixed, so that continuous heavy medium powder adding is completed. In the running process of the system, the dry automatic feeding unit of the heavy medium powder adjusts the frequency of the shaftless quantitative feeder 7 in a feedforward way according to the set supplementary feeding amount and the water inflow 1 of the flocculation unit. The shaftless dosing machine 7 frequency is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:
P throwing in -feedforward shaftless dosing machine frequency, hz;
Q throwing in -shaftless dosing capacity, kg/h;
q-flocculation tank inflow, m 3 /h；
K 1 Correction factor, K when the effluent SS is less than 2mg/L 1 Taking 0.6 to 0.8; k is when the SS is less than 5mg/L and the water yield is 2mg/L 1 Taking 0.8 to 1.0;
r-recovery of the dense medium powder,%;
C 1 the adding amount of the heavy medium powder is mg/L after the primary operation; (20 g/L Chi Rong C) 1 A cell volume of less than or equal to 40 g/L).
The continuous supplementary feeding of the heavy medium powder is realized through the automatic feeding unit of the heavy medium powder by a dry method, the water enters the flocculation unit after the softener and the coagulant are added at the beginning end of the water inlet communicating pipe 2-3 of the flocculation unit, and is mixed with the heavy medium powder to form flocs with larger specific gravity, and the flocs enter the subsequent precipitation unit for precipitation after passing through the submerged weir 2-4. The sludge containing heavy medium powder and coagulant at the bottom of the precipitation unit is conveyed to the tail end of a flocculation unit water inlet communicating pipe 2-3 through a sludge reflux pump 3 and a reflux pipeline 4, and the heavy medium and coagulant are recovered and continuously participate in the coagulation softening reaction.
In the running process of the system, the sludge reflux is required to be continuously carried out, the coagulation effect is enhanced, the heavy medium and the coagulant are recovered, the consumption of the reagent is reduced, the accumulation and blockage of the heavy medium sludge at the bottom of the precipitation unit are lightened, the sludge reflux quantity is the product of the display value of the water inlet flowmeter 1 and the sludge reflux ratio, the display value of the sludge densimeter 4-2 is used for correction, and the corrected sludge reflux quantity has the following calculation formula:
Q returning to ＝Q×(22.4-20ρ)×5％ (2)
Wherein:
Q returning to -return sludge flow, m 3 /h；
Rho-display value of sludge densimeter, g/cm 3 。(1.04g/cm 3 ≤ρ≤1.10g/cm 3 )。
In the running process of the system, the density value of the sludge is continuously changed, and the frequency of the shaftless quantitative feeder 7 is further finely adjusted through the density value of the sludge, so that the concentration of the mixed solution in the flocculation unit is uniform and stable. The shaftless quantitative feeder 7 finely adjusts the feeding amount according to the sludge density value feedback, and the adjusting formula of the feeding amount of the heavy medium powder is as follows:
wherein:
mu (t) -output of the feedback value (feedback shaftless dosing machine frequency), hz;
e (t) inputting feedforward value (real-time display value of sludge densitometer), g/cm 3 ；
K p -a scaling factor;
T i -an integration time constant;
T d -differential time constant.
Example 1
The water coming from a certain thermal power plant in the north is recycled water to drain sewage, and is subjected to coagulation, clarification and softening treatment by a heavy medium high-efficiency clarification device, and a single set of device is designed to have a maximum treatment capacity of 350m 3 And/h, the rising flow rate is 15-20m/s, and the index of the quality of the inflow water is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Inlet and outlet Water quality index
1) Q according to the aforementioned formula (1) Throwing in Taking 2.0kg/h, K 1 0.85, 95% R, C 1 4000kg (calculated from the effective tank volume) of treated water Q was 300m 3 At/h, shaftless dosing machine 7 frequency P Throwing in =50×300≡2 0.85/1-0.95)/(4000=44.1 Hz. According to formula (2), for this normal operationThe water quality is similar to that of water, and the density of the sludge is controlled to be 1.04g/cm 3 ～1.1g/cm 3 The treatment effect is better, and the water treatment quantity is 300m 3 And/h, the density value of the sludge is 1.05g/cm 3 At the time, the sludge reflux quantity Q Returning to ＝300×(22.4-20×1.05)×5％＝21m 3 And/h. According to the formula (3), aiming at the characteristics of the water quality, the frequency of the shaftless quantitative feeder 7 is regulated by PID (proportion integration differentiation) feedback of the formula (3), and the sludge density is controlled to be 1.07g/cm during operation 3 Within a narrower range.
2) Before the system is started, raw water to be treated is filled into the flocculation tank through the flocculation tank communicating pipe, a stirrer is started, the stirrer of the flocculation tank is operated at full frequency, and a sludge reflux pump is started to operate at full frequency. A sufficient amount of heavy medium powder containing 150 meshes is added into the flocculation tank in advance, and the heavy medium powder is in a suspension state in the reactor through stirring and reflux equipment.
3) The sewage enters a flocculation tank after being metered, and the dosage of coagulant, coagulant aid, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate is linked with the inflow rate, and is controlled by controlling the frequency of a mechanical diaphragm pump.
4) The system is characterized in that a dry method automatic feeding device for heavy medium powder is started after water is discharged, the frequency is linked with water inflow, the frequency calculation adopts a formula (1), the heavy medium powder sequentially passes through a flexible arch breaker and a shaftless quantitative feeder and is continuously fed to a flocculation tank, a hopper side wall vibrator vibrates for 1min at intervals, the arch breaker and the vibrator jointly act to prevent the heavy medium powder from hardening or arching in a hopper to cause material breakage, a pressure type material level sensor is arranged at the bottom of the hopper, and when the heavy medium powder in the hopper is used up, an alarm and material supplementing signal is transmitted back to a DCS picture through pressure change to prompt operators to supplement.
5) Through rapid mixing, the circulating water discharged from the colloid destabilization is enabled to enter the bottom of the guide cylinder of the flocculation tank through the communicating pipe under the action of electric neutralization and compression double electric layers; the communicating pipe adopts a long-radius bent pipe type, and the water flow enters the bottom of the guide cylinder after one-time detouring for 90 degrees in the water flow direction at the bottom of the flocculation tank, so that the flow passage is smooth and straight, the resistance is small, the water conservancy condition is good, and the pollution and blockage risk is small.
6) The mixed liquid circulates inside and outside the guide cylinder through the lifting action of a stirrer of a flocculation tank in the guide cylinder, the frequency of the stirrer is linked with the water inflow, the water inflow time frequency is high, the water inflow time frequency is low, the necessary conditions for flocculation softening reaction with sodium hydroxide, coagulant aid and sodium carbonate medicaments added into the flocculation tank are ensured, larger flocs are formed by utilizing the net compensation rolling and adsorption bridging action of the flocculant, and the flocs fully contact with the added heavy medium powder at the upper part of the flocculation tank to further grow when the flocs turn to the outer side through the upper part of the guide cylinder, and meanwhile, the sufficient heavy medium powder is wrapped to accelerate sedimentation; and then flows through the plug flow area to submerge the weir into a subsequent precipitation unit.
7) And after the mixed solution is subjected to bypass sedimentation by a subsequent sedimentation unit, residual suspended matters are removed, the effluent is clear, and the quality of the stably operated effluent is shown in a table 1.
8) And part of heavy medium sludge of the precipitation unit flows back to the flocculation tank through a sludge reflux pump, so that the coagulant and heavy medium powder which do not completely react are reacted again, and the dosage of the reagent and the heavy medium is saved. And the other part is continuously conveyed to a magnetic powder recovery device through a residual sludge pump, then heavy medium and residual sludge are separated and recovered, magnetic powder is added to a flocculation tank again, and the residual sludge is conveyed to a dewatering system. In the running process of the system, the surplus sludge is continuously discharged, the heavy medium recovery unit continuously and stably runs, the impact of the heavy medium recovery unit on the system due to frequent start and stop is effectively reduced, the influence on the service life of equipment is reduced, and the possibility of blockage of pipeline equipment caused by incomplete flushing due to frequent stop is also reduced. The amount of the returned sludge is regulated according to the treated water amount and the return ratio and assisted by a sludge density value correction mode, so that the flocculation basin can be helped to keep the concentration of the mixed liquid stable, the shock resistance of the system is enhanced, the treatment effect is improved, the siltation risk is reduced, and the calculation of the amount of the returned sludge adopts a formula (2).
9) During operation, the feed-forward calculation is carried out by the formula (1), the supplementing amount of the heavy medium powder is about 5.5mg/L, the real-time sludge density meter display value is taken as an input feed-forward value, the frequency of the shaftless quantitative feeder 7 is taken as an output feed-back value, the supplementing amount of the heavy medium powder is about 4-6mg/L after PID feed-back adjustment, the consumption of the heavy medium is in a proper narrow range, and the sludge density value after the feed-forward and feed-back two-step cooperative composite accurate regulation is shown in figure 2. Dense mediumAfter the dry automatic adding amount of the quality powder is adjusted by double feed, the system operates well, and the sludge density is stabilized at 1.065g/cm 3 ～1.075g/cm 3 In a narrower range, the sludge concentration is stabilized at 5%, the water content of the heavy medium sludge is 96%, and the heavy medium powder deposition condition at the bottom of each treatment unit of the system is greatly relieved; the turbidity of the effluent is stabilized below 1NTU, the calcium hard removal rate is 95%, the magnesium hard removal rate is 90%, the suspended matter removal rate is 96%, the heavy medium powder carried by the effluent is greatly reduced, and the adverse effect on the subsequent treatment process is effectively reduced.
According to the invention, by arranging the dry automatic feeding device for the heavy medium powder, full-automatic continuous metering and accurate feeding of the heavy medium powder is realized, and the impact of manual intermittent feeding on a system is avoided; meanwhile, according to water quality indexes such as treated water quantity, sludge density value and the like, adopting a feedforward and feedback two-step cooperative composite regulation method to accurately and automatically regulate the adding quantity of heavy medium powder in real time; the sludge reflux quantity is regulated in real time according to the treated water quantity and the sludge reflux ratio and the sludge density value correction method, the two methods are combined to keep the suspension concentration of the mixed solution of the flocculation reactor uniform and stable, and the flocculation softening reaction effect is enhanced. The invention has the advantages of good treatment effect, high heavy medium utilization efficiency, simple process flow, high automation degree, low manual operation strength, low system operation cost, wide water quantity and water quality fluctuation application range and small system pollution blocking risk, and can be better applied to the field of water treatment of circulating water sewage of a thermal power plant.
Claims (2)
1. The automatic dry-method heavy-medium powder feeding system based on double-feed adjustment is characterized by comprising a flocculation unit, an automatic dry-method heavy-medium powder feeding unit and a sludge backflow unit; the dry automatic feeding unit of the heavy medium powder is connected with the upper part of the flocculation unit; the sludge reflux unit is connected with the flocculation unit;
the automatic dry-method heavy-medium powder feeding unit comprises a storage hopper (5), a flexible arch breaker (6) and a shaftless quantitative feeder (7), wherein the storage hopper (5) is connected with the flexible arch breaker (6), the flexible arch breaker (6) is connected with the shaftless quantitative feeder (7), and the shaftless quantitative feeder (7) is connected with the upper part of the flocculation unit;
the flocculation unit comprises a flocculation tank (2), wherein a stirrer (2-1) is arranged in the flocculation tank (2), a water inlet communicating pipe (2-3) and a guide cylinder (2-2) are arranged at the bottom of the flocculation tank (2), the water inlet communicating pipe (2-3) extends into the guide cylinder (2-2), and the lower part of the stirrer (2-1) is positioned in the guide cylinder (2-2); a water inlet flowmeter (1) for real-time metering and displaying measured values is arranged at the initial end of the water inlet communicating pipe (2-3);
the storage hopper (5) comprises a cylindrical barrel and a conical barrel which are communicated, the cylindrical barrel is positioned on the conical barrel, and the outer wall of the conical barrel forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the horizontal;
the top of the cylindrical barrel is provided with a dense mesh steel wire net piece (5-1) perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical barrel, and the aperture of the dense mesh steel wire net piece (5-1) is 200 meshes;
the flexible arch breaker (6) comprises a cylindrical body, the upper part of the cylindrical body is connected with the lower part of the conical cylinder of the storage hopper (5) through a flange, and the cylindrical body is provided with a shut-off gate valve (6-2); the side wall of the cylindrical body is provided with an observation port, the center of the cylindrical body is vertically provided with a central shaft, the central shaft is connected with a motor (6-3), the central shaft extends into the storage hopper (5), and a plurality of horizontal soft stainless steel scraping blades (6-1) are uniformly arranged on the central shaft extending into the conical barrel;
the shaftless quantitative feeder (7) comprises a scraping blade shaftless spiral conveying device (7-2), a circular tube type shell (7-1) is arranged outside the scraping blade shaftless spiral conveying device (7-2), the scraping blade shaftless spiral conveying device (7-2) is connected with a variable frequency motor (7-3) and a speed reducer, and the gap between the scraping blade shaftless spiral conveying device (7-2) and the circular tube type shell (7-1) is 3-5 mm;
the inner wall of the storage hopper (5) is provided with a wear-resistant coating;
the bottom of the conical cylinder body is provided with an opening, and the conical cylinder body is provided with a looper flange; vibrating devices (5-2) are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the lower part of the conical cylinder body;
the sludge reflux unit comprises a sludge reflux pump (3) and a sludge reflux pipeline (4); one side of the flocculation unit is provided with a sedimentation unit communicated with the flocculation unit, one end of a sludge reflux pump (3) is connected with the bottom of the sedimentation unit, the other end of the sludge reflux pump is connected with a sludge reflux pipeline (4), and the sludge reflux pipeline (4) is connected with a water inlet communicating pipe (2-3) of the flocculation unit; the sludge reflux pump (3) is a variable frequency pump;
a sludge densimeter (4-2) and a flowmeter (4-1) are arranged on the sludge return pipeline (4);
the shaftless dosing machine (7) frequency is calculated according to the following formula:
（1）
wherein:
P throwing in -feedforward shaftless dosing machine frequency, hz;
Q throwing in -shaftless dosing capacity, kg/h;
q-flocculation tank inflow, m 3 /h；
K 1 -correction coefficients; k when the effluent SS is less than 2mg/L 1 Taking 0.6-0.8; k is when the SS is less than 5mg/L and the water yield is 2mg/L 1 Taking 0.8-1.0;
r-recovery of the dense medium powder,%;
C 1 the adding amount of the heavy medium powder is mg/L after the primary operation;
shaftless dosing machine (7) frequency is calculated by:
（3）
wherein:
μ (t) -feed-back shaftless dosing machine frequency, hz;
e (t) real-time display value, g/cm, of sludge densitometer 3 ；
K p -a scaling factor;
T i -an integration time constant;
T d -a differential time constant;
the sludge reflux flow at the bottom of the precipitation unit is calculated by the following formula:
（2）
wherein:
Q returning to -return sludge flow, m 3 /h；
Rho-display value of sludge densimeter, g/cm 3 。
2. The automatic dry feeding method of the heavy medium powder based on the double-fed adjustment of the system of claim 1 is characterized in that the heavy medium powder in a storage hopper (5) is sent to a shaftless quantitative feeder (7) through a flexible arch breaker (6), is added into a flocculation tank (2) through the shaftless quantitative feeder (7), is mixed with mixed liquid containing coagulant and softener in the flocculation tank (2) to form heavy medium flocs, the heavy medium flocs enter a precipitation unit for precipitation, and sludge at the bottom of the precipitation unit is conveyed to a flocculation unit through a sludge reflux unit;
the shaftless dosing machine (7) frequency is calculated according to the following formula:
（1）
wherein:
P throwing in -feedforward shaftless dosing machine frequency, hz;
Q throwing in -shaftless dosing capacity, kg/h;
q-flocculation tank inflow, m 3 /h；
K 1 -correction coefficients; k when the effluent SS is less than 2mg/L 1 Taking 0.6-0.8; k is when the SS is less than 5mg/L and the water yield is 2mg/L 1 Taking 0.8-1.0;
r-recovery of the dense medium powder,%;
C 1 the adding amount of the heavy medium powder is mg/L after the primary operation;
shaftless dosing machine (7) frequency is calculated by:
（3）
wherein:
μ (t) -feed-back shaftless dosing machine frequency, hz;
e (t) real-time display value, g/cm, of sludge densitometer 3 ；
K p -a scaling factor;
T i -an integration time constant;
T d -a differential time constant;
the sludge reflux flow at the bottom of the precipitation unit is calculated by the following formula:
（2）
wherein:
Q returning to -return sludge flow, m 3 /h；
Rho-display value of sludge densimeter, g/cm 3 。
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