CN114942267A - A parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system, method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a parallel crack trend ultrasonic measurement system, a method and application, wherein the measurement system comprises an incident end fixed star tool and a receiving end planet tool; the incident end fixed star tool comprises a first annular base body; an incident transducer is arranged in an inner hole of the first annular base body and can rotate in the first annular base body along the circumferential direction; an incident end measuring scale is fixedly connected outside the first annular substrate; the receiving end planetary tool comprises a second annular base body; a receiving transducer is arranged in the inner hole of the second annular base body and can rotate in the second annular base body along the circumferential direction; the outer fixedly connected with receiving terminal dipperstick of the annular base member of second, and receiving terminal dipperstick and incident end dipperstick sliding connection. The parallel ultrasonic measuring system for the crack trend can reliably detect and calculate the deflection angle of the crack defect in the normal direction of the detection surface by using a conventional A-type pulse reflection method.

Description

A parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system, method and application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of material detection, and relates to a parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measuring system, method and application.

Background technique

Life prediction in fracture fatigue analysis can be divided into two major steps. The first part is to solve the crack propagation path, which mainly includes determining the crack propagation rate and crack propagation direction. When solving the crack propagation path, it is divided into three stages, namely crack initiation, stable crack propagation and rapid fracture. The second part is life prediction, which is mainly to set a failure limit for the solved crack propagation path. When the crack expands to this limit, the vessel is considered to be invalid, and the time period solved at this time is the life cycle of the vessel. The failure limit here is the critical size of the crack, so the main work of the life prediction module is to calculate the critical size according to the failure criterion and finally obtain the life cycle.

Accurately judging the depth, length, height and direction of cracks is of great significance for establishing fracture models and life prediction. The quantification of buried crack defects usually adopts the ultrasonic inspection method, and the TOFD (ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction method) can be used to accurately measure the height of the crack defect. high. In addition, TOFD requires equipment and supporting tooling, which makes the detection process complicated and difficult to operate. Therefore, using the conventional A-type pulse reflection method to reliably detect the crack direction can greatly simplify the work process and improve the portability of defect detection. However, there is no systematic introduction of crack orientation measurement methods and tooling in the standard and textbooks for conventional A-mode ultrasound.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system, by setting independent and relative positions of the rotatable incident transducer and the receiver whose relative positions can be adjusted by sliding of the incident measuring ruler and the receiving measuring ruler. When using the transducer, the entire system can be set parallel to the surface of the workpiece to be inspected, and the transmission of ultrasonic waves between the transducer and the workpiece to be inspected is realized by the couplant between the transducer and the workpiece to be inspected. On the premise that defects such as cracks are directional, the conventional A-type pulse reflection method can be used to reliably detect and obtain the deflection angle of the crack defect in the normal direction of the detection surface.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement method.

Another object of the present invention is to propose the application of the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measuring system.

In order to achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present invention provides a parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system, including a star tooling at the incident end and a planetary tooling at the receiving end;

The incident end star tooling includes a first annular base; an incident transducer is installed in the inner hole of the first annular base, and the incident transducer can rotate in the circumferential direction in the first annular base; The first annular base is externally fixed and connected with a measuring ruler at the incident end;

The receiving end planetary tooling includes a second annular base; a receiving transducer is installed in the inner hole of the second annular base, and the receiving transducer can rotate in the circumferential direction in the second annular base; The receiving end measuring ruler is fixedly connected to the outside of the second annular base, and the receiving end measuring ruler and the incident end measuring ruler are slidably connected for adjusting and measuring the distance between the first annular base and the second annular base. spacing.

The side-by-side ultrasonic measuring system for crack orientation according to the embodiment of the present invention is provided with independent rotatable incident transducers and receiving transducers whose relative positions can be adjusted by sliding the incident measuring ruler and the receiving measuring ruler. The whole system is set parallel to the surface of the workpiece to be inspected, and the ultrasonic transmission between the transducer and the workpiece to be inspected is realized by the couplant between the transducer and the workpiece to be inspected, and cracks are reliably detected and obtained by means of the conventional A-type pulse reflection method. The deflection angle of the defect in the normal direction of the inspection surface.

In addition, the side-by-side crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system proposed according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

In some embodiments of the present invention, the incident transducer is detachably installed in the inner hole of the first annular base body; the receiving transducer is detachably installed in the second annular base body inside the hole.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the first annular base is provided with at least three incident end indenters in the circumferential direction; all the incident end indenters have one end protruding into the inner hole of the first annular base, and the ends are connected to the inner hole of the first annular base. The incident transducer is in point contact; the second annular base is provided with at least three receiving end indenters along the circumferential direction; all the receiving end indenters have one end protruding into the inner hole of the second annular base, and the ends are connected with the receiving end indenter. energy point contact.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the first annular base is provided with at least three first installation holes in the circumferential direction; all the first installation holes are installed with one of the incident end indenters, and the incident end The indenter can move in the first mounting hole along the radial direction of the first annular base body in the direction of approaching and away from the incident transducer, so as to compress and loosen the incident transducer; in the second annular base At least three second installation holes are arranged in the circumferential direction; all the second installation holes are installed with one receiving end indenter, and the receiving end indenter can be in the second installation hole along the second annular base body. The radial direction moves toward and away from the receiving transducer, compressing and loosening the receiving transducer.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the side-by-side ultrasonic measurement system for crack orientation further comprises an incident end compression spring arranged in each first installation hole and a receiving end arranged in each second installation hole a compression spring; the compression spring at the incident end is arranged on the side of the indenter at the incident end away from the incident transducer, and the compression spring at the receiving end is arranged at the side of the indenter at the receiving end away from the receiving transducer; the incident end One end of the compression spring is fixedly connected to the incident end pressure head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first annular base; one end of the receiving end compression spring is fixedly connected to the receiving end pressure head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second annular base.

In some embodiments of the present invention, all incident end indenters are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the first annular base body, and the incident end measuring ruler is set at the middle of any two adjacent incident end indenters; all receiving end indenters are The heads are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second annular base body, and the measuring ruler at the receiving end is arranged at the middle position of any two adjacent receiving end indenters.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the measuring ruler at the incident end is an "I"-shaped guide rail, and its end face close to one side of the first annular base is the coordinate zero point; the measuring ruler at the receiving end is a double-sided "convex" The "I"-shaped groove formed by the symmetrical structure of "", and the end face of the measuring ruler at the receiving end away from the second annular base is the coordinate zero point.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention proposes an ultrasonic measurement method for parallel crack orientation, including:

Place the above-mentioned parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system on the surface of the workpiece to be inspected;

Coating agent is applied on the surface of the incident transducer close to the workpiece to be inspected and the surface of the receiving transducer close to the workpiece to be inspected; or, the surface of the workpiece to be inspected is coated with couplant;

Move the side-by-side crack-going ultrasonic measurement system to adjust its position relative to the inspected workpiece. When a crack defect in the inspected workpiece is found, the incident transducer is kept fixed, and the receiving transducer is close to or away from the incident transducer. The crack defect is scanned in the length direction by moving the direction, and the crack defect is scanned in the width direction by rotating the receiving transducer until the maximum echo reflected by the crack defect is found, and the deviation detection surface method of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece is obtained. line angle.

The beneficial effects of the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention are basically the same as those of the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measuring system according to the embodiment of the present invention, which will not be repeated here.

In some embodiments of the present invention, when the maximum echo reflected by the crack defect is found, the method for obtaining the angle at which the crack defect in the inspected workpiece deviates from the normal line of the inspection surface is: fix the transducer at the receiving end, record the inspected workpiece at this time The display depth of the crack defect in the workpiece, the full length of the measuring ruler at the receiving end, and the reading of the starting point of the measuring ruler at the receiving end on the measuring ruler at the incident end, first calculate the angle between the crack defect in the workpiece and the normal line of the crack defect according to formula (1). Then, according to formula (2), calculate the angle of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece deviating from the normal line of the inspection surface;

b=arctan[(r ₁ +r ₂ +L+y)/h] Formula (1)

In formula (1):

b——The angle between the crack defect in the inspected workpiece and the normal line of the crack defect, °;

r1——the outer circumference radius of the first annular base, mm;

r2——the outer circumference radius of the second annular base, mm;

L——The full length of the measuring ruler at the receiving end, mm;

y——the reading of the starting point of the measuring ruler of the receiving end on the measuring ruler of the incident end, mm;

h——the display depth of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece, which is the vertical height between the inspected workpiece surface and the crack defect detection point, mm;

a=(π-b)/2 Formula (2)

In formula (2):

a——The angle at which the crack defect in the inspected workpiece deviates from the normal line of the inspection surface, °;

b——The angle between the crack defect in the inspected workpiece and the normal line of the crack defect, °;

π - 180°.

In order to achieve the above object, the third aspect of the present invention proposes the application of the above-mentioned parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measuring system in the field of material flaw detection.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the material in the field of material flaw detection may be steel, ceramics, etc., which can be detected by A-type pulsed ultrasound.

The application of the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measuring system of the embodiment of the present invention is basically the same as the beneficial effect of the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measuring system of the embodiment of the present invention, which is not repeated here.

Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth, in part, from the following description, and in part will be apparent from the following description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Description of drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

1 is a perspective view of a side-by-side crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention in a state of use;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the use state of the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a side view of a side-by-side ultrasonic measurement system for crack orientation according to an embodiment of the present invention in a use state;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the use state of the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a perspective view of the incident end star tooling and the receiving end planetary tooling of the side-by-side crack trend ultrasonic measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a front view of the incident end star tooling and the receiving end planetary tooling of the side-by-side crack trend ultrasonic measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a top view of the incident end star tooling and the receiving end planetary tooling of the side-by-side crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference number:

1 represents the incident transducer;

2 represents the receiving transducer;

3 represents the star tooling at the incident end;

3-1 represents the indenter at the incident end;

3-2 represents the compression spring at the incident end;

3-3 represents the measuring ruler at the incident end;

3-4 represent the first annular substrate;

4 represents the planetary tooling at the receiving end;

4-1 represents the indenter at the receiving end;

4-2 represents the compression spring at the receiving end;

4-3 represent the measuring ruler at the receiving end;

4-4 represent the second annular substrate;

5 represents the workpiece to be tested;

5-1 represents a crack defect.

Detailed ways

The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

The parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system and the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement method according to the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a use state of a side-by-side crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the side-by-side crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an incident end star tooling 3 and a receiving end planetary tooling 4; the incident end star tooling 3 includes a first annular base body 3-4; The incident transducer 1 is installed in the inner hole of the first annular base 3-4, and the incident transducer 1 can rotate in the circumferential direction in the first annular base 3-4; the first annular base 3-4 is fixedly connected with The measuring ruler 3-3 at the incident end; the planetary tooling 4 at the receiving end includes a second annular base 4-4; the receiving transducer 2 is installed in the inner hole of the second annular base 4-4, and the receiving transducer 2 can be The second annular base body 4-4 rotates in the circumferential direction; the second annular base body 4-4 is fixedly connected with the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3, and the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 and the incident end measuring ruler 3-3 The sliding connection is used to adjust and measure the distance between the first annular base body 3-4 and the second annular base body 4-4.

The side-by-side ultrasonic measuring system for crack orientation according to the embodiment of the present invention is provided with independent rotatable incident transducers and receiving transducers whose relative positions can be adjusted by sliding the incident measuring ruler and the receiving measuring ruler. The entire system is set parallel to the surface of the workpiece to be inspected, and the ultrasonic transmission between the transducer and the workpiece to be inspected is realized by the couplant between the transducer and the workpiece to be inspected, and the premise that defects such as known cracks are directional , the deflection angle of the crack defect in the normal direction of the detection surface can be reliably detected and obtained by means of the conventional A-type pulse reflection method.

It can be understood that the first annular base body and the second annular base body can be circular in the usual sense, or can be annular in a broad sense, such as a "back"-shaped structure hollowed out in the middle of a cube or a cuboid, but In order to facilitate detection, in the embodiments of the present invention, a circular ring in the general sense is preferred.

Optionally, the installation method of the incident transducer in the first annular substrate and the installation method of the receiving transducer in the second annular substrate are not limited, as long as the circumferential rotation of the incident transducer, the receiving transducer can be realized, and the receiving transducer can be installed in the second annular substrate. The circumferential rotation of the transducer is sufficient to ensure that the incident transducer does not detach from the inner hole of the first annular base and the receiving transducer does not detach from the inner hole of the second annular base during use. For example, the incident transducer 1 is detachably installed in the inner hole of the first annular base body 3-4, and the receiving transducer 2 is detachably installed in the inner hole of the second annular base body 4-4.

Optionally, regarding the implementation of the detachable installation between the incident transducer and the inner hole of the first annular base, as shown in FIGS. 1-4 , in some embodiments of the present invention, the first annular base 3 -4 is provided with at least three incident end indenters 3-1 along the circumferential direction; all incident end indenters 3-1 have one end protruding into the inner hole of the first annular base 3-4, and the ends are connected to the incident transducer 1 point contact. In this way, the relative fixation of the multiple incident end indenters to the incident transducer in the inner hole of the first annular base can be achieved, and the circumferential rotation of the incident transducer can be achieved. In other embodiments of the present invention, in order to facilitate the installation of the incident transducer and to better fix it, at least three first installation holes are provided in the first annular base body 3-4 along the circumferential direction, An incident end indenter 3-1 is installed in all the first installation holes, and the incident end indenter 3-1 can approach and move away from the radial direction of the first annular base 3-4 in the first installation hole The direction of the incident transducer 1 is moved, and the incident transducer 1 is compressed and loosened. The specific implementation is not limited. In some embodiments, the incident end pressing spring 3-2 is further included in each first installation hole, and the incident end pressing spring 3-2 is provided on the incident end pressing head 3 -1 The side away from the incident transducer 1; in order to improve the stability of the system, one end of the incident end compression spring 3-2 is fixedly connected to the incident end pressure head 3-1, and the other end is fixed to the first annular base 3-4 connect. The fixed connection method between the incident end pressing spring, the incident end pressure head and the first annular base body is not limited, and may be welding (such as electric welding, etc.) or adhesive bonding. It should be noted that the above-mentioned connection method of the incident end compression spring, the incident end pressure head, and the first annular base is not only applicable to the case where the first mounting hole is a through hole, but also applies to the case where the first mounting hole is a blind hole. . When the first installation hole is a blind hole arranged along the radial direction of the first annular base, the connection method between the incident end compression spring and the incident end pressure head and the first annular base can also be: the incident end compression spring 3 -2 The side close to the incident end indenter can be in close contact with the incident end indenter, and the incident end compression spring 3-2 One end away from the incident end indenter can be in close contact with the inner wall of the first installation hole at the very end of the first installation hole Limit or fix the connection by welding or gluing. However, using this connection method requires that the incident end compression spring will not eject the incident end indenter out of the first installation hole when the incident end compression spring is in a natural expansion and contraction state, and ensure that the incident end indenter can still be in the natural expansion and contraction state of the incident end compression spring. It extends into the inner hole of the first annular base body, and at the same time, when the incident transducer is installed into the inner hole of the first annular base body, it can also ensure that under the action of the compression spring at the incidence end, the indenter at the incidence end can be connected to the inner hole of the first annular base body. The incident transducer is in point contact and pressed, otherwise the system stability may be weaker than the fixed connection of the incident end compression spring, the incident end indenter and the first annular base. It should also be noted that to ensure that the indenter at the incident end can be in point contact with the incident transducer and compress it, it is best to ensure that the indenter at the incident end contacts the surface of the incident transducer vertically (not perpendicular is also possible, but The stability of the system is slightly worse), for example, such a design can be adopted: the indenter at the incident end and the first installation hole are coaxially arranged, and they are both perpendicular to the surface of the incident transducer, and the indenter at the incident end is arranged with the first installation hole. Through the smooth surface sliding connection, the end of the incident end pressure head contacting the incident transducer is conical or hemispherical, and the end contacting the incident end compression spring is cylindrical, and the conical or hemispherical part is integrally formed with the cylindrical part.

Optionally, the implementation of the detachable installation between the receiving transducer and the inner hole of the second annular base is exactly the same as the implementation of the detachable installation between the incident transducer and the first annular inner hole above, except that the first annular The base body, the first installation hole, the indenter at the incident end, the compression spring at the incident end, and the incident transducer are replaced by the second annular base body, the second installation hole, the indenter at the receiving end, the compression spring at the receiving end, and the receiving end For example: the second annular base body 4-4 is provided with at least three receiving end indenters 4-1 along the circumferential direction; all the receiving end indenters 4-1 have one end protruding into the inner hole of the second annular base body 4-4 , and the end is in point contact with the receiving transducer 2.

At least three second installation holes are provided in the second annular base body 4-4 along the circumferential direction; all the second installation holes are installed with a receiving end indenter 4-1, and the receiving end indenter 4-1 can be installed in the second installation hole. The inside of the second installation hole moves toward and away from the receiving transducer 2 along the radial direction of the second annular base body 4 - 4 , so as to compress and loosen the receiving transducer 2 . It also includes a receiving end pressing spring 4-2 arranged in each second mounting hole; one end of the receiving end pressing spring 4-2 is fixedly connected with the receiving end pressing head 4-1, and the other end is connected with the second annular base 4 -4 fixed connections. In addition, the structure of the receiving end indenter is also completely the same as the structure of the incident end indenter, which will not be repeated here.

It can be understood that the indenter at the incident end is fixedly connected with the compression spring at the incident end. To facilitate installation, the indenter at the incident end and the compression spring at the incident end can be assembled as a set, and mounted on the first annular base as a whole. Similarly, the receiving end pressing head can also be assembled together with the receiving end pressing spring, and the whole is installed with the second annular base body. In addition, when the compression spring at the incident end is in a natural expansion and contraction state, the distance from the indenter at the incident end to the center or center of the first annular base is slightly smaller than the radius of the incident transducer, for example, the difference between the two is 1 mm; When the spring is in a natural expansion and contraction state, the distance from the receiving end indenter to the center or center of the inner hole of the second annular base is slightly smaller than the radius of the receiving transducer, for example, the difference between the two is 1 mm. In this way, during assembly, the incident transducer 1 presses all the incident end indenters 3-1 on the first annular base body, and makes the incident end compression spring 3-2 in a compressed state, so that the incident end indenters 3-1 and the incident end indenters 3-1 are in a compressed state. The outer surface of the incident transducer 1 is in point contact and pressed; the receiving transducer 2 presses all the receiving end pressure heads 4-1 on the second annular base, and makes the receiving end pressing spring 4-2 in a compressed state , so that the receiving end indenter 4-1 is in point contact with the outer surface of the receiving transducer 2 and pressed tightly.

It should be noted that the number of the indenter at the incident end and the indenter at the receiving end is based on maintaining the rotational stability of the incident transducer and the receiving transducer. Therefore, at least three are required, and the more the better. However, under the premise of ensuring the rotational stability of the incident transducer and the receiving transducer, reducing the number of tooling and assembly complexity can reduce costs and improve work efficiency. Based on this consideration, the setting of the incident end indenter and the receiver end indenter The number is preferably four.

Optionally, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 7, in order to maintain the radial symmetry of the upper and lower halves of the tooling, the center of gravity of the tooling is kept on the construction line where the measuring ruler is located, and all the incident end indenters 3-1 are A ring-shaped base 3-4 is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the measuring ruler 3-3 at the incident end is arranged at the middle position of any two adjacent incident end indenters 3-1; all the receiving end indenters 4-1 are along the second annular The base body 4-4 is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the measuring ruler 4-3 at the receiving end is arranged at the middle position of any two adjacent receiving end indenters 4-1. Preferably, in order to improve the stability of the operation, more indenter spring combinations can be arranged in a circular array, but for the dual considerations of economy and stability, as shown in Figure 5, the indenter at the incident end and the indenter at the receiving end The number is 4, and the included angle between two adjacent incident end indenters or two adjacent receiving end indenters is 90°, at this time, there are 4 incident end indenters 3-1 arranged at 90° intervals. The connecting line is the coordinate axis. The first annular base body is provided with the incident end measuring ruler 3-3 in the direction of 45°. Similarly, the connecting line of the four receiving end indenters 4-1 arranged at 90° intervals is the coordinate axis. The second ring The receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 is arranged in the 45° direction of the shaped base body. Taking the star tooling at the incident end as an example, that is, in order to ensure the stability and economy of the connection, the indenter at the incident end is arranged at the quarter point position of the whole circle of the first annular base or the whole frame, and the measuring ruler of the incident end is located at any two points. The position of the midpoint of the first annular base arc or frame where each incident end indenter is located, as shown in FIG. 5 . The star tooling at the receiving end is similar. It can be understood that although the distribution of the indenter at the incident end, the measuring ruler at the incident end, the indenter at the receiving end, and the measuring ruler at the receiving end relative to the first annular base or the second annular base is mentioned here However, since the indenter at the incident end is fixedly connected to the compression spring at the incident end, and the indenter at the receiving end is fixedly connected to the compression spring at the receiving end. Distribution and relative position relationship of measuring ruler, receiving end pressure head-receiving end compression spring, receiving end measuring ruler.

Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the measuring ruler 3-3 at the incident end is an "I"-shaped guide rail structure, and the measuring ruler 4-3 at the receiving end is an "I" formed by a bilateral "convex" symmetrical structure. Shape groove, the measuring ruler 3-3 at the incident end and the measuring ruler 4-3 at the receiving end can be assembled through the "I"-shaped guide rail and the concave-convex structure of the "I"-shaped groove, and the displacement can be realized while sliding. feed. The material of the measuring ruler at the incident end and the measuring ruler at the receiving end can be metals such as stainless steel and copper, or plastics such as low density polyethylene and polypropylene.

Optionally, the measuring ruler 3-3 at the incident end and the measuring ruler 4-3 at the receiving end are both engraved with scales, and the minimum scale is 1 mm, and the measuring ruler 3-3 at the incident end is close to the end face of the first annular base 3-4 on the side is the coordinate zero point, and the end face of the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 away from the second annular base 4-4 is the coordinate zero point.

Optionally, the first annular base body 3-4, the second annular base body 4-4, the measuring ruler 3-3 at the incident end and the measuring ruler 4-3 at the receiving end are all arranged in parallel with the horizontal plane. The energy devices 2 are all arranged vertically to the horizontal plane. In some embodiments, for the convenience of measurement, the first annular base body 3-4, the second annular base body 4-4, the incident end measuring ruler 3-3 and the receiving end measuring ruler 4-3 can also be arranged so that the bottoms are parallel form (as shown in Figure 6).

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the incident transducer and the receiving transducer are both existing structures. As shown in Figure 5-7, the first annular base, the indenter at the incident end, the compression spring at the incident end, and the measuring ruler at the incident end together form the star tooling at the incident end; the second annular base, the indenter at the receiving end, and the pressure at the receiving end The tight spring and the measuring ruler at the receiving end together constitute the planetary tooling at the receiving end. The materials of the first annular base body, the second annular base body, the indenter at the incident end and the indenter at the receiving end can be non-deformable metals, plastics, etc. The non-deformable metals can be stainless steel, copper, etc., and the plastic can be low-density Polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.

The ultrasonic measurement method of the parallel crack orientation according to the embodiment of the present invention (that is, the method of using the ultrasonic measurement of the parallel crack orientation according to the embodiment of the present invention) is:

Select objects such as steel and ceramics with known cracks and other directional defects that can be detected by A-type pulsed ultrasonic as the workpiece to be inspected, and the incident transducer 1 of the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system is close to the workpiece to be inspected 5-1 The side surface and the surface of the receiving transducer 2 close to the workpiece 5 to be inspected are coated with coupling agents such as oil, chemical paste, glycerin and water, or the surface of the workpiece 5 to be inspected is coated with oil, chemical paste, glycerin and water, etc. The couplant is used to place the parallel crack-oriented ultrasonic measurement system on the surface of the workpiece 5 to be inspected, and the ultrasonic transmission between the incident transducer 1 and the receiving transducer 2 and the workpiece 5 to be inspected is realized through the couplant. Among them, the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measuring system is placed on the surface of the workpiece 5 to be inspected. In this way, the side-by-side crack orientation ultrasonic measuring system is placed horizontally on the surface of the workpiece to be inspected.

Subsequently, the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measuring system can be moved along a straight line or a zigzag line manually or by using existing automatic moving equipment (such as a cylinder, etc.) to adjust its position relative to the workpiece 5 to be inspected. In the case of crack defect 5-1, in order to accurately measure the angle between the defect 5-1 in the workpiece and the normal line of the detection surface, the incident transducer 1 is kept fixed, and the receiving transducer 2 is in the direction of approaching or away from the incident transducer 1. Move to scan the crack defect 5-1 in the length direction, and rotate the receiving transducer 2 to scan the crack defect 5-1 in the width direction until the maximum echo reflected by the crack defect 5-1 is found (that is, When the signal amplitude of the receiving end transducer is the highest), fix the receiving end transducer 2, and record the display depth of the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 at this time, which is the depth of the ultrasonic sound beam vertically incident to the defect. The projection length is the vertical height between the surface of the workpiece 5 to be inspected and the detection point of the crack defect 5-1. And obtain the distance between the incident transducer 1 and the receiving transducer 2 at this time (when the maximum echo reflected by the crack defect 5-1), the distance is the first annular base 3-4 of the star tooling 3 at the incident end The radius of the second annular base body 4-4 of the planetary tooling 4 at the receiving end, the full length of the measuring ruler 4-3 at the receiving end, the reading of the starting point of the measuring ruler 4-3 at the receiving end on the measuring ruler 3-3 at the incident end The sum of the four. First calculate the angle between the crack defect 5-1 in the workpiece 5 under inspection and the normal line of the crack defect 5-1 according to formula (1), and then calculate the deviation of the crack defect 5-1 in the workpiece 5 from the normal line of the detection surface according to formula (2). Angle. in:

b=arctan[(r ₁ +r ₂ +L+y)/h] Formula (1)

In formula (1):

b——The angle between the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 and the normal line of the crack defect 5-1, °;

r1——the outer circumference radius of the first annular base, mm;

r2——the outer circumference radius of the second annular base, mm;

L——The full length of the measuring ruler 4-3 at the receiving end, mm;

y——the reading of the starting point of the measuring ruler 4-3 of the receiving end on the measuring ruler 3-3 of the incident end, mm;

h——the display depth of the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5, which is the vertical height between the surface of the inspected workpiece 5 and the detection point of the crack defect 5-1, mm;

a=(π-b)/2 Formula (2)

In formula (2):

a——The angle at which the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 deviates from the normal line of the inspection surface, °;

b——The angle between the crack defect 5-1 in the inspected workpiece 5 and the normal line of the crack defect 5-1, °;

π - 180°.

It should be noted that in the above detection process, the full length of the measuring ruler at the receiving end is related to the detection range of the depth of the crack defect. In order to ensure that the reflected signal can be received, if the detection depth is large, the total length of the measuring ruler at the receiving end should be longer. If the detection depth is shallow, the overall length of the measuring ruler at the receiving end should be shorter. In actual use, L can be selected as required, and this value does not affect the realization of the measurement method. The movement of the transducer at the receiving end can be realized by manually moving the second annular base body, and the fixing of the transducer at the receiving end can be realized by placing the second annular base body on the surface of the workpiece to be tested.

In addition, in order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data, it is also possible to repeat the measurement of the angle b between the crack defect 5-1 and the normal line of the crack defect 5-1 in the workpiece 5 under inspection three times, and obtain the corresponding crack defect 5 in the workpiece 5 under inspection. -1 The angle a deviating from the normal line of the inspection surface, calculate the average value of the angle a deviating from the normal line of the inspection surface 5-1 for the crack defects in the inspected workpiece 5 obtained three times, and the average value can be approximated as the inside of the inspected workpiece 5 The angle a at which the crack defect 5-1 deviates from the normal line of the inspection surface.

The butt weld groove usually has a groove angle. When verifying the groove unmelted or groove crack defect, a single-point positioning is usually used to make a rough judgment. This measurement method is used to measure the defect direction. If the angles match, it can be used as an effective evidence for the characterization of defects.

To sum up, the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measurement system of the embodiment of the present invention, through the detection tool with high stability, can use the correct method to perform manual operations, etc., to achieve A-ultrasonic measurement of the crack direction, reliable detection and calculation. The deflection angle of the crack defect in the normal direction of the detection surface simplifies the work process of crack direction measurement.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Rear, Left, Right, Vertical, Horizontal, Top, Bottom, Inner, Outer, Clockwise, Counterclockwise, Axial, The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "radial direction", "circumferential direction", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the indicated devices or elements. It must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature delimited with "first", "second" may expressly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two components or the interaction relationship between the two components, unless otherwise expressly qualified. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may be in direct contact between the first and second features, or the first and second features indirectly through an intermediary touch. Also, the first feature being "above", "over" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.

In this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean a specific feature, structure, material, or description described in connection with the embodiment or example. Features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples, without conflicting each other.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Embodiments are subject to variations, modifications, substitutions and variations.

Claims (10)

1. a parallel crack trend ultrasonic measurement system, is characterized in that, comprises incident end star tooling and receiving end planetary tooling; The incident end star tooling includes a first annular base; an incident transducer is installed in the inner hole of the first annular base, and the incident transducer can rotate in the circumferential direction in the first annular base; The first annular base is externally fixed and connected with a measuring ruler at the incident end; The receiving end planetary tooling includes a second annular base; a receiving transducer is installed in the inner hole of the second annular base, and the receiving transducer can rotate in the circumferential direction in the second annular base; The receiving end measuring ruler is fixedly connected to the outside of the second annular base, and the receiving end measuring ruler and the incident end measuring ruler are slidably connected for adjusting and measuring the distance between the first annular base and the second annular base. spacing. 2 . The side-by-side ultrasonic measurement system for crack orientation according to claim 1 , wherein the incident transducer is detachably installed in the inner hole of the first annular base body; the receiving transducer is detachable. 3 . It is detachably installed in the inner hole of the second annular base body. 3. The side-by-side ultrasonic measurement system for crack orientation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least three incident end indenters are arranged in the first annular base along the circumferential direction; all incident end indenters are extended at one end into the inner hole of the first annular base body, and the ends are in point contact with the incident transducer; the second annular base is provided with at least three receiving end indenters along the circumferential direction; all the receiving end indenters have one end protruding into the first The inner hole of the two annular bases, and the ends are in point contact with the receiving transducer. 4. The side-by-side ultrasonic measurement system for crack orientation according to claim 3, wherein at least three first installation holes are arranged in the first annular base along the circumferential direction; and one first installation hole is installed in all the first installation holes. The incident end indenter, and the incident end indenter can move in the first mounting hole along the radial direction of the first annular base toward and away from the incident transducer to press the incident transducer. tightening and loosening; at least three second installation holes are arranged in the second annular base along the circumferential direction; all the second installation holes are installed with one receiving end indenter, and the receiving end indenter can be installed in the The inside of the second installation hole moves toward and away from the receiving transducer along the radial direction of the second annular base body, so as to compress and loosen the receiving transducer. 5. The side-by-side ultrasonic measurement system for crack orientation according to claim 4, further comprising an incident end compression spring arranged in each first installation hole and a receiving end arranged in each second installation hole end compression spring; the incident end compression spring is arranged on the side of the incident end pressure head away from the incident transducer, and the receiving end compression spring is arranged at the side of the receiving end pressure head away from the receiving transducer; One end of the end compression spring is fixedly connected with the incident end pressure head, and the other end is fixedly connected with the first annular base; one end of the receiving end compression spring is fixedly connected with the receiving end pressure head, and the other end is fixedly connected with the second annular base . 6. The side-by-side ultrasonic measuring system for crack orientation according to claim 3, characterized in that, all incident end indenters are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the first annular base body, and the incident end measuring rulers are arranged at any adjacent two The middle position of the indenter at the incident end; all the indenters at the receiving end are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the second annular base, and the measuring ruler at the receiving end is set at the middle position of any two adjacent indenting heads at the receiving end. 7. The side-by-side ultrasonic measuring system for crack orientation according to claim 1, wherein the incident end measuring ruler is an "I"-shaped guide rail, and the end face on one side of the first annular base is a coordinate zero point The measuring ruler at the receiving end is an "I"-shaped groove formed by a symmetrical structure of "convex" characters on both sides, and the end face of the measuring ruler at the receiving end is far away from the second annular base body as the coordinate zero point. 8. An ultrasonic measuring method for parallel crack orientation, characterized in that, comprising: placing the side-by-side crack orientation ultrasonic measuring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 on the surface of the workpiece to be inspected; Coating agent is applied on the surface of the incident transducer close to the workpiece to be inspected and the surface of the receiving transducer close to the workpiece to be inspected; or, the surface of the workpiece to be inspected is coated with couplant; Move the side-by-side crack-going ultrasonic measurement system to adjust its position relative to the inspected workpiece. When a crack defect in the inspected workpiece is found, the incident transducer is kept fixed, and the receiving transducer is close to or away from the incident transducer. The crack defect is scanned in the length direction by moving the direction, and the crack defect is scanned in the width direction by rotating the receiving transducer until the maximum echo reflected by the crack defect is found, and the deviation detection surface method of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece is obtained. line angle. 9. The ultrasonic measuring method of parallel crack orientation according to claim 8, wherein when the maximum echo reflected by the crack defect is found, the method for obtaining the angle at which the crack defect in the inspected workpiece deviates from the normal line of the detection surface is as follows: : Fix the transducer at the receiving end, record the displayed depth of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece, the full length of the measuring ruler at the receiving end and the reading of the starting point of the measuring ruler at the receiving end on the measuring ruler at the incident end. Check the included angle between the crack defect in the workpiece and the normal line of the crack defect, and then calculate the angle that the crack defect in the tested workpiece deviates from the normal line of the detection surface according to formula (2); b=arctan[(r ₁ +r ₂ +L+y)/h] Formula (1) In formula (1): b——The angle between the crack defect in the inspected workpiece and the normal line of the crack defect, °; r1——the outer circumference radius of the first annular base, mm; r2——the outer circumference radius of the second annular base, mm; L——The full length of the measuring ruler at the receiving end, mm; y——the reading of the starting point of the measuring ruler of the receiving end on the measuring ruler of the incident end, mm; h——the display depth of the crack defect in the inspected workpiece, which is the vertical height between the inspected workpiece surface and the crack defect detection point, mm; a=(π-b)/2 Formula (2) In formula (2): a——The angle at which the crack defect in the inspected workpiece deviates from the normal line of the inspection surface, °; b——The angle between the crack defect in the inspected workpiece and the normal line of the crack defect, °; π - 180°. 10. The application of the parallel crack orientation ultrasonic measuring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the field of material flaw detection.

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