CN114942093A - Rock mechanics testing device and method based on fiber bragg grating - Google Patents
Rock mechanics testing device and method based on fiber bragg grating Download PDFInfo
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- CN114942093A CN114942093A CN202210667795.6A CN202210667795A CN114942093A CN 114942093 A CN114942093 A CN 114942093A CN 202210667795 A CN202210667795 A CN 202210667795A CN 114942093 A CN114942093 A CN 114942093A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 46
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rock mechanics testing device and method based on fiber bragg grating, the device comprises: the substrate is of a frame structure; connecting blocks; the first end of the first fiber grating and the first end of the second fiber grating are symmetrically fixed at the first end and the second end of the connecting block, and the second ends of the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating are respectively connected with the substrate; the first ends of the first translational hinge structure and the second translational hinge structure are symmetrically fixed at the third end and the fourth end of the connecting block, and the second ends of the first translational hinge structure and the second translational hinge structure are respectively connected with the substrate. The same fiber gratings are symmetrically arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the connecting block, the central wavelength drift amounts of the two fiber gratings are equal in size and opposite in direction, the influence of temperature change can be eliminated by differentiating the two fiber gratings, and meanwhile, the sensitivity of the sensor is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rock mechanics testing device and method based on fiber bragg gratings, and belongs to the technical field of rock analysis.
Background
Joints widely exist in natural rock masses, as part of the rock masses, the joints are easy to influence the strength and deformation behavior of the rock masses, and the study on the deformation characteristics of the joints of the rock masses has important significance for improving the stability of well walls. The shear failure is used as a main form of the rock joint, the study on the shear deformation characteristics in the shear failure process of the rock joint is helpful for predicting the shear failure of the rock joint and estimating the mechanical state of the damaged rock joint, and the shear/shear deformation monitoring is an essential important technical means. Through carrying out shear force/shear deformation real-time supervision to the vibrating structure, can in time know the rock state, prevent the emergence of incident. The traditional electric vibration sensor is easy to be interfered by external electromagnetic interference and has complex wiring, has the defects of zero drift, temperature drift and the like, and can not meet the specific application of the traditional electric vibration sensor in long-term and remote real-time monitoring in severe environment. The fiber bragg grating is widely applied to structural health monitoring due to the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, small size, easiness in networking and the like, and the shearing force/shearing deformation sensor with the fiber bragg grating as a sensitive element has wide prospects in vibration detection application. The conventional shear/shear deformation sensor has low measurement precision and poor sensitivity, and is difficult to meet the measurement requirement, so that the improvement of the sensitivity of the shear/shear deformation sensor has important research significance. Most fiber grating sensors based on flexible hinge structures are based on the rotation characteristics of flexible hinges, resulting in low sensitivity of the sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem, the invention provides a rock mechanics testing device and a rock mechanics testing method based on fiber bragg gratings, wherein the same fiber bragg gratings are symmetrically arranged at the upper end and the lower end of a connecting block, the central wavelength drift amounts of the two fiber bragg gratings are equal in size and opposite in direction, the influence of temperature change can be eliminated by differentiating the two fiber bragg gratings, and meanwhile, the sensitivity of a sensor is improved.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rock mechanics testing device based on fiber bragg grating comprises:
the substrate is of a frame structure;
connecting blocks;
the first end of the first fiber grating and the first end of the second fiber grating are symmetrically fixed at the first end and the second end of the connecting block, and the second ends of the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating are respectively connected with the substrate;
the first ends of the first translational hinge structure and the second translational hinge structure are symmetrically fixed at the third end and the fourth end of the connecting block, and the second ends of the first translational hinge structure and the second translational hinge structure are respectively connected with the substrate.
Preferably, the first translational hinge structure is a single-rod double-hinge structure and comprises a first connecting rod, a first hinge and a second hinge, the first hinge and the second hinge are arranged at two ends of the first connecting rod, the other end of the first hinge is connected with the substrate, and the other end of the second hinge is connected with the connecting block.
Preferably, the second translational hinge structure is a single-rod double-hinge structure and includes a second connecting rod, and a third hinge and a fourth hinge disposed at two ends of the second connecting rod, the other end of the third hinge is connected to the connecting block, and the other end of the fourth hinge is connected to the substrate.
Preferably, the frame surface of the substrate and the surface of the connecting block are located on the same plane.
Preferably, the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating are fixed between the substrate and the connecting block through structural adhesive.
Preferably, the substrate is a square frame structure, and the first fiber grating, the connecting block, the second fiber grating, the first translational multi-hinge structure and the second translational multi-hinge structure jointly form a cross structure.
Based on the rock mechanics testing device, the invention also provides a testing method of the device, which comprises the following steps:
the rock mechanics testing device is fixed on a tested structure, under the action of external excitation of the tested structure, the connecting block only generates translation under the action of shearing force, so that the first fiber bragg grating and the second fiber bragg grating generate axial tension and axial compression, wavelength drift with equal and opposite directions is generated on the first fiber bragg grating and the second fiber bragg grating, the first fiber bragg grating and the second fiber bragg grating are differentiated, the sensitivity of the rock mechanics testing device is improved by one time, meanwhile, temperature compensation can be carried out, a shearing/shearing deformation signal of the tested structure is converted into the drift amount of the central wavelength of the first fiber bragg grating and the central wavelength of the second fiber bragg grating, and the magnitude of the shearing/shearing deformation can be obtained by measuring the wavelength drift amount of the first fiber bragg grating and the second fiber bragg grating.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the rock mechanics testing device provided by the invention is innovatively applied to a testing device through a translational multi-hinge mechanism consisting of two connecting rods and four flexible hinges, and the connecting rods only translate through shearing/shearing deformation, so that the fiber bragg grating cannot generate bending deformation, the fatigue strength of the fiber bragg grating is improved, and the service life of the fiber bragg grating shearing/shearing deformation testing device is prolonged.
2. The rock mechanics testing device provided by the invention has the advantages that the same fiber gratings are symmetrically arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the connecting block, the central wavelength drift amounts of the two fiber gratings are equal in size and opposite in direction, the influence of temperature change can be eliminated by differentiating the two fiber gratings, and meanwhile, the sensitivity of the testing device is improved.
3. The shearing force/shearing deformation testing device can optimize the size of the hinge in the testing device according to the mathematical model of the testing device so as to meet the requirements of different application occasions on the sensitivity of the testing device, and the testing device has good application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber grating-based rock mechanics testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a translational multi-hinge structure of the rock mechanics testing apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures are as follows:
1-a first translational multi-hinge structure; 2-a first fiber grating; 3-a second fiber grating; 4-a substrate; 5, connecting blocks; 6-second translational multi-hinge structure;
1-1-a first hinge, 1-2-a first connecting rod, and 1-3-a second hinge;
6-1-third hinge, 6-2-second connecting rod, and 6-3-fourth hinge.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention is based on the problem that most fiber grating sensors based on the flexible hinge structure are based on the rotation characteristic of the flexible hinge, so that the sensitivity of the sensors is lower, and the fiber grating shearing/shearing deformation testing device based on the translational multi-hinge is provided, so that the shearing/shearing deformation only enables the connecting block to translate, the fiber grating can not bend and deform, the fatigue strength of the fiber grating is improved, and the service life of the fiber grating shearing/shearing deformation testing device is prolonged. Meanwhile, the fiber bragg grating can sense the shearing force/shearing deformation to the maximum extent, and the sensitivity of the shearing force/shearing deformation testing device is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the fiber grating-based rock mechanics testing device according to the present invention includes a first translational multi-hinge structure 1, a second translational multi-hinge structure 6, a substrate 4, a first fiber grating 2, a second fiber grating 3, and a connecting block 5; the first translational multi-hinge structure 1 and the second translational multi-hinge structure 6 are single-rod double-hinge structures; the first fiber bragg grating 2 and the second fiber bragg grating 3 are fixed on the substrate 4 and the connecting block 5 to form the fiber bragg grating shearing force/shearing deformation rock mechanical testing device. The surface of the connecting block 5 and the left and right frame surfaces of the substrate 4 are on the same plane, and when the shear force/shear deformation measuring device is used, the three surfaces are stuck on the side surface of a measured object, so that the shear force/shear deformation measurement can be realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the first translational multi-hinge structure 1 includes a first connecting rod 1-2, and a first hinge 1-1 and a second hinge 1-3 disposed at two ends of the first connecting rod 1-2, wherein the other end of the first hinge 1-1 is connected to the substrate 4, and the other end of the second hinge 1-3 is connected to the connecting block 5.
Further, the second translational hinge structure 6 comprises a second connecting rod 6-2, and a third hinge 6-1 and a fourth hinge 6-3 which are arranged at two ends of the second connecting rod 6-2, wherein the other end of the third hinge 6-1 is connected with the connecting block 5, and the other end of the fourth hinge 6-3 is connected with the substrate 4.
Further, the first fiber grating 2 and the second fiber grating 3 are fixed between the upper and lower frames of the substrate 4 and the connection block 5 through structural adhesive. The first fiber bragg grating 2 and the second fiber bragg grating 3 need to be pre-stretched before being fixed, and negative strain can be effectively sensed through pre-stretching.
Furthermore, the 4 hinges are all flexible hinges, and the 4 hinges are connected through a connecting rod; the first hinge 1-1 is connected with the second hinge 1-3 through a first connecting rod 1-2, the other end of the first hinge 1-1 is connected to the left frame of the substrate 4, and the other end of the second hinge 1-3 is connected to the connecting block 5; the third hinge 6-1 and the fourth hinge 6-3 are connected through a second connecting rod 6-2, the other end of the third hinge 6-1 is connected to the connecting block 5, and the other end of the fourth hinge 6-3 is connected to the right frame of the substrate 4.
This application testing arrangement monoblock component is stainless steel material, through line cutting processing integrated into one piece, simple process.
The fiber bragg grating shear/shear deformation rock mechanics testing device based on the translational multi-flexible hinge provided by the invention needs to be fixed on a tested structure when measuring shear/shear deformation, and the fixing mode includes but is not limited to:
the first mode is that structural glue is coated on the surfaces of the left and right frames of a substrate 4 and the surface of a connecting block 5 of the fiber bragg grating shearing force/shearing deformation rock mechanical testing device and is adhered to a structure to be tested; the second mode is that the substrate 4 of the fiber bragg grating shearing/shearing deformation rock mechanical testing device is welded on a structure to be tested in a laser welding mode; the third mode is that screw holes are arranged on the left frame and the right frame of a substrate 4 of the fiber bragg grating shearing force/shearing deformation rock mechanics testing device, and the fiber bragg grating shearing force/shearing deformation rock mechanics testing device is fixed on a tested structure through screws.
The invention relates to a fiber bragg grating shearing force/shearing deformation rock mechanical testing device based on a translational multi-hinge, which has the working principle that: the rock mechanics testing device is fixed on the tested structure, under the external excitation action of the structure to be measured, the connecting block 5 only generates translational motion under the action of shearing force, so that the first fiber grating 2 and the second fiber grating 3 which are subjected to pre-stretching stress are subjected to axial stretching and axial compression, so that the first fiber grating 2 and the second fiber grating 3 generate wavelength drifts with equal magnitude and opposite directions, and the sensitivity of the testing device can be doubled by differentiating the two wavelength drifts, meanwhile, temperature compensation can be carried out, the shearing force/shearing deformation signal of the tested structure is converted into the drift amount of the central wavelength of the fiber grating, the magnitude of the shear/shear deformation can be obtained by measuring the wavelength drift of the fiber grating.
The shear force/shear deformation rock mechanics testing device can be designed according to the sensitivity of the rock mechanics testing device based on the following theoretical model.
Sensitivity analysis of the shear/shear deformation rock mechanical testing device:
when the shearing force F generated by the tested structure acts on the sensitive direction of the rock mechanics testing device, the left half part of the structure is taken for research due to the symmetrical structure, and the system achieves moment balance under the action of force to obtain a balance equation:
Fd-2k f Δl f d-2kθ＝0
wherein d is the distance between the center of mass of the connecting block (which is also the vertical stretching direction of the fiber bragg grating) and the center of the first hinge 1-1; Δ l f The stretching or compressing distance of the first fiber grating 2 or the second fiber grating 3; k is a radical of formula f Is the modulus of elasticity of the optical fiber; k is the rotational stiffness of the hinge; theta is the rotation angle of the hinge (also used to measure the degree of shear deformation).
The above formula d can be represented as:
d＝4r+l+b/2
when θ is very small:
θ≈tanθ＝Δl f /d
in the above formula, l is the length of connecting rod, b is the length of connecting block, and r is the radius of straight flexible hinge.
The magnitude of the shearing deformation degree can be measured by measuring the magnitude of the theta value.
The strains generated by the first fiber light 2 and the second fiber grating 3 are in equal and large reverse, i.e. epsilon is equal to epsilon 1 ＝-ε 2 And under the same temperature field, the wavelength variation of the two fiber gratings is differentiated to obtain:
Δλ＝Δλ 1 -Δλ 2 ＝k ε (ε 1 -ε 2 )＝2k ε ε
in the formula k ε K is the strain coefficient of the fiber grating, and k is the central wavelength of the fiber grating in the 1500nm wave band ε 1.2 pm/. mu.epsilon.; epsilon is the dielectric constant of the first grating；ε 1 Is the dielectric constant; epsilon 2 Is the second grating dielectric constant; Δ λ is the spectral resolution; delta lambda 1 A first grating spectral resolution; delta lambda 2 The second grating spectral resolution.
The sensitivity S of the rock mechanics testing device is the ratio of the variation quantity delta lambda of the central wavelength of the fiber bragg grating to the shearing force F, namely:
coefficient of elasticity k of optical fiber f Comprises the following steps:
in the formula, A f Is the cross-sectional area of the optical fiber; e f Is the modulus of elasticity of the optical fiber; l f Is the initial length of the fiber grating.
The hinge stiffness k is:
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the material; w is the thickness of the hinge.
The sensitivity s is:
wherein t is the minimum thickness between the hinges.
The sensitivity analysis indicated above indicated that the test apparatus of the present invention can improve the accuracy. The technical scheme of this application has advantages such as anti-electromagnetic interference performance is good, electrical insulation is good, corrosion-resistant property is stable, life-span is long, and flexible hinge is that hard connection structure has characteristics that do not have friction, sensitivity is high, and flexible hinge has higher rigidity stability than spring structure. No spring is needed, the precision is high, and the structure is compact.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A rock mechanics testing arrangement based on fiber grating, its characterized in that includes:
a base (4), the base (4) being a frame structure;
a connecting block (5);
the first end of the first fiber grating (2) and the first end of the second fiber grating (3) are symmetrically fixed at the first end and the second end of the connecting block (5), and the second ends of the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating are respectively connected with the substrate (4);
the hinge structure comprises a first translational hinge structure (1) and a second translational hinge structure (6), wherein first ends of the first translational hinge structure (1) and the second translational hinge structure (6) are symmetrically fixed at a third end and a fourth end of the connecting block (5), and second ends of the first translational hinge structure and the second translational hinge structure are respectively connected with the substrate (4).
2. Rock mechanics testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first translational hinge structure (1) is a single-bar double-hinge structure comprising a first connecting bar (1-2) and a first hinge (1-1) and a second hinge (1-3) arranged at both ends of the first connecting bar (1-2), the other end of the first hinge (1-1) being connected to the base (4) and the other end of the second hinge (1-3) being connected to the connecting block (5).
3. The rock mechanics testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second translational hinge structure (6) is a single-rod double-hinge structure, comprising a second connecting rod (6-2) and a third hinge (6-1) and a fourth hinge (6-3) arranged at both ends of the second connecting rod (6-2), wherein the other end of the third hinge (6-1) is connected to the connecting block (5) and the other end of the fourth hinge (6-3) is connected to the base (4).
4. The rock mechanics testing device of claim 1, characterized in that the frame surface of the base (4) and the surface of the connection block (5) are located on the same plane.
5. The rock mechanics testing device of claim 1, characterized in that, the first fiber grating (2) and the second fiber grating (3) are fixed between the substrate (4) and the connection block (5) by structural glue.
6. The rock mechanics testing device of claim 1, characterized in that the substrate (4) is a square frame structure, and the first fiber grating (2), the connection block (5), the second fiber grating (3), the first translational multi-hinge structure (1) and the second translational multi-hinge structure (6) together form a cross-shaped structure.
7. A method of testing a rock mechanics testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprising the steps of:
the rock mechanics testing device is fixed on a tested structure, the connecting block (5) only generates translational motion under the action of shearing force under the external excitation action of the tested structure, so that the first fiber bragg grating (2) and the second fiber bragg grating (3) are axially stretched and axially compressed, the first fiber bragg grating (2) and the second fiber bragg grating (3) generate wavelength shifts with equal and opposite directions, the wavelength shifts are differentiated, and the sensitivity of the rock mechanics testing device is improved by one time, meanwhile, temperature compensation can be carried out, the shearing force/shearing deformation signal of the tested structure is converted into the drift amount of the central wavelength of the first fiber grating (2) and the second fiber grating (3), the magnitude of the shearing force/shearing deformation can be obtained by measuring the wavelength drift of the first fiber grating (2) and the second fiber grating (3).
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115327163A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Translational multi-hinge fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor |
| CN115356505A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-18 | 武汉理工大学 | A Fiber Bragg Grating Acceleration Sensor with Parallel Multi-Hinge Structure |
| CN115388783A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-25 | 武汉理工大学 | Translational multi-hinge fiber grating sensor |
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2022
- 2022-06-14 CN CN202210667795.6A patent/CN114942093A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115327163A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Translational multi-hinge fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor |
| CN115356505A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-18 | 武汉理工大学 | A Fiber Bragg Grating Acceleration Sensor with Parallel Multi-Hinge Structure |
| CN115388783A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-25 | 武汉理工大学 | Translational multi-hinge fiber grating sensor |
| CN115327163B (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2025-03-18 | 武汉理工大学 | A Translational Multi-Hinged Fiber Bragg Grating Accelerometer |
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