CN114916498A - Hybridization method for gene research of black pigs - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybridization method for gene research of a native black pig, which comprises the steps of selecting a mountain area to artificially capture young wild pigs, artificially feeding and growing the young wild pigs at fixed points by using a specific feed, using the wild pigs as a hybridization male parent, using Luchuan pigs as female parents, naturally mating to obtain a first generation of hybridization pigs, selecting the first generation of hybridization pigs as male parents, using the Luchuan pigs as female parents, mating to obtain a second generation of hybridization pigs, and carrying out intercrossing on the second generation of hybridization pigs to obtain a first generation of commercial pigs, carrying out intercrossing on the first generation of commercial pigs to obtain a second generation of commercial pigs, wherein the second generation of commercial pigs can be sold. According to the hybridization method for the gene research of the local black pigs, the proper female parent and the proper male parent are selected for homogeneous matching, after multiple generations of circular matching, excellent offspring are screened out to serve as the breeding pigs, breeding is carried out from the gene angle, feeding conditions suitable for the growth of the pigs are provided, and pig varieties with long body length characters are obtained, so that pork provided to the market is good in meat quality, the feeding period is short, and the breeding benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal gene hybridization, in particular to a hybridization method for gene research of local black pigs.
Background
At present, the three-element hybrid boar is mainly sold in the market, the lean meat rate is high, but the meat quality is poor, wherein over 95 percent of pork market is occupied by the three-element hybrid boar. The local pig breeds are once on the market because of long growth cycle, low lean meat percentage and high material-weight ratio. However, with the improvement of the pork quality requirements and the change of consumption concepts of people, the pork market has changed greatly, the consumption of local pork is gradually increased, and the market share is gradually improved. As the traditional local pig breeds in China mainly comprise black pigs and anthony pigs, consumers prefer black pigs, and the black pigs are regarded as local pigs.
The hybridization of the wild boar can overcome the defects of low reproductive capacity and slow production of the wild boar, can overcome the defects of poor meat quality and low disease resistance of the modern wild boar, reasonably develops the wild boar resource, can more reasonably protect the wild boar resource, and can correspondingly reduce the loss of the wild boar to crops.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a hybridization method for gene research of local black pigs, which has the advantages of shorter breeding period, better meat quality and the like and solves the problem of poorer meat quality of pork pigs supplied in the market.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a hybridization method for gene research of native black pigs comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps of selecting a mountain area to capture young wild pigs manually, feeding the wild pigs to grow up by using a specific feed at a fixed point manually, using the wild pigs as hybrid male parents, using Luchuan pigs as female parents, feeding the male parents and the female parents in a way of separating columns, numbering each male parent and each female parent during feeding, and recording the growth condition.
S2: and (3) naturally mating the male parent and the female parent with good growth vigor and the weight of 50-65kg to obtain a first generation hybrid pig, regularly observing, and carrying out postpartum care on the female parent pig.
S3: after the first generation of hybrid pigs are fed by specific feed and grow up, the first generation of hybrid pigs are selected as male parents and Luchuan pigs are used as female parents for mating to obtain second generation of hybrid pigs.
S4: and (3) carrying out intercrossing on the second generation hybrid pigs to obtain first generation commercial pigs, carrying out intercrossing on the first generation commercial pigs to obtain second generation commercial pigs, and selling the second generation commercial pigs.
S5: and continuously carrying out the intercrossing by using the second generation commercial pigs to obtain third generation commercial pigs, and reserving the third generation commercial pigs to be used as subsequent breeding populations.
Preferably, in the step S2, the female parent is put into the male parent for mating within 12-24 hours of estrus allowing for climbing during mating, the mating is repeated once at an interval of 6-8 hours after the mating is finished, water is drunk at an interval of 1 hour after the mating is finished, and the male parent and the female parent are raised in pens.
Preferably, the second generation commercial pigs in the step S4 need to be measured by body weight and body size before sale, and the second generation commercial pigs with qualified body weight and health condition can be sold.
Preferably, in S2, when the female pig is subjected to postpartum care, the feed used in the postpartum is different, and after the female pig is delivered, the feed comprises the following components: the feed additive comprises rice flour, bean pulp, potato leaves, pine needle powder and bone meal, and is added with herba equiseti, perilla leaves, radix isatidis, astragalus membranaceus, folium isatidis and lemon.
Preferably, the feed used in S1 comprises the following components: red bean powder, milk vetch, pumpkin seed powder, astragalus root and cordate houttuynia.
Preferably, the female Luchuan pig in S1 can be replaced by northeast black pig, northern Anhui black pig and southern Hai black pig.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a hybridization method for gene research of the local black pigs, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the hybridization method for the gene research of the local black pigs, the proper female parent and the proper male parent are selected for homogeneous matching, after multiple generations of circular matching, excellent offspring is screened out to be used as the breeding pigs, breeding is carried out from the gene angle, and meanwhile, feeding conditions suitable for growth of the pigs are provided, so that the pig variety with long body length characters is obtained, the meat quality of the pork pigs provided to the market is good, the feeding period is short, and the breeding benefit is improved.
2. According to the hybridization method for the gene research of the local black pigs, the rice flour, the soybean meal, the potato leaves, the pine needle meal and the bone meal are added into the pig feed, and the ardisia japonica, the perilla leaves, the isatis roots, the astragalus membranaceus, the green Chinese cabbage and the lemons are added into the feed, so that the immunity of the female pigs can be increased, the growth of the pigs in the growth period is promoted, the postpartum recovery of sows and the lactation of the sows are promoted, sufficient milk can be provided for piglets, and the growth of the piglets is promoted.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention provides the following technical scheme: a hybridization method for gene research of native black pigs comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a mountain area to artificially capture young wild boars, and artificially feeding and growing the wild boars at fixed points by using a specific feed, wherein the feed comprises the following components: red bean powder, milk vetch, pumpkin seed powder, astragalus and cordate houttuynia are used as hybrid male parents, Luchuan pigs are used as female parents, the male parents and the female parents are bred in different columns, each male parent and each female parent are numbered during breeding, and the growth condition is recorded.
S2: the first generation of hybrid pigs are obtained by selecting male parents and female parents with good growth vigor and weight of 50-65kg for natural mating, regular observation is carried out, postpartum care is carried out on the female pigs, when the female pigs carry out postpartum care, different feeds are used in postpartum, and after the female pigs are parted, the feed comprises the following components: the rice powder, the bean pulp, the potato leaves, the pine needle powder and the bone powder are added into the feed, the dichondra repens, the perilla leaves, the isatis roots, the astragalus roots, the green Chinese cabbage and the lemon are added into the feed, the female parent is placed into the male parent for mating within 12-24 hours of estrus allowing spanning, the male parent is repeatedly bred once at an interval of 6-8 hours after breeding is finished, the male parent and the female parent are allowed to drink water at an interval of 1 hour after breeding is finished, and the male parent and the female parent are bred in different pens.
S3: after the first generation hybrid pig is fed by using a specific feed to grow up, the first generation hybrid pig is selected as a male parent, and a Luchuan pig is selected as a female parent for mating to obtain a second generation hybrid pig.
S4: and (3) carrying out intercrossing on second-generation hybrid pigs to obtain first-generation commercial pigs, carrying out intercrossing on the first-generation commercial pigs to obtain second-generation commercial pigs, selling the second-generation commercial pigs, measuring the body weight and body size of the second-generation commercial pigs before selling, and selling the second-generation commercial pigs with qualified body weight and health conditions.
S5: and continuously carrying out the intercrossing by using the second generation commercial pigs to obtain third generation commercial pigs, and reserving the third generation commercial pigs to be used as subsequent breeding populations.
Comparative example one:
the invention provides the following technical scheme: a hybridization method for gene research of a black-spotted pig comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a mountain area to artificially capture young wild boars, and artificially feeding and growing the wild boars at fixed points by using a specific feed, wherein the feed comprises the following components: the red bean powder, the milk vetch, the pumpkin seed powder, the astragalus root and the houttuynia cordata are used as hybrid male parents, the northeast black pig is used as a female parent, the male parents and the female parent are fed in different columns, each male parent and each female parent are numbered during feeding, and the growth condition is recorded.
S2: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a male parent and a female parent with good growth vigor and weight of 50-65kg for natural mating to obtain a first generation hybrid pig, observing periodically, carrying out postpartum care on the female parent pig, wherein different feeds are used in postpartum care of the female parent pig, and feeding the feed after the female parent pig gives birth to the female parent pig, wherein the feed comprises the following components: the rice powder, the bean pulp, the potato leaves, the pine needle powder and the bone powder are added into the feed, the dichondra repens, the perilla leaves, the isatis roots, the astragalus roots, the green Chinese cabbage and the lemon are added into the feed, the female parent is placed into the male parent for mating within 12-24 hours of estrus allowing spanning, the male parent is repeatedly bred once at an interval of 6-8 hours after breeding is finished, the male parent and the female parent are allowed to drink water at an interval of 1 hour after breeding is finished, and the male parent and the female parent are bred in different pens.
S3: after the first generation hybrid pig is fed by using a specific feed to grow up, the first generation hybrid pig is selected as a male parent, and a Luchuan pig is selected as a female parent for mating to obtain a second generation hybrid pig.
S4: and (3) carrying out intercrossing by using second-generation hybrid pigs to obtain first-generation commercial pigs, carrying out intercrossing by using the first-generation hybrid pigs to obtain second-generation commercial pigs, selling the second-generation commercial pigs, measuring the body weight and body size of the second-generation commercial pigs before selling, and selling the second-generation commercial pigs with qualified body weight and health condition.
S5: and continuously carrying out the intercrossing by using the second generation commercial pigs to obtain third generation commercial pigs, and reserving the third generation commercial pigs to be used as subsequent breeding populations.
Comparative example two:
the invention provides the following technical scheme: a hybridization method for gene research of native black pigs comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a mountain area to artificially capture young wild boars, and artificially feeding and growing the wild boars at fixed points by using a specific feed, wherein the feed comprises the following components: the method comprises the following steps of taking red bean powder, astragalus sinicus, pumpkin seed powder, astragalus mongholicus and houttuynia cordata as hybrid male parents, taking northern Anhui black pigs as female parents, feeding the male parents and the female parents in columns, numbering each male parent and each female parent during feeding, and recording growth conditions.
S2: the first generation of hybrid pigs are obtained by selecting male parents and female parents with good growth vigor and weight of 50-65kg for natural mating, regular observation is carried out, postpartum care is carried out on the female pigs, when the female pigs carry out postpartum care, different feeds are used in postpartum, and after the female pigs are parted, the feed comprises the following components: the rice powder, the bean pulp, the potato leaves, the pine needle powder and the bone powder are added into the feed, the dichondra repens, the perilla leaves, the isatis roots, the astragalus roots, the green Chinese cabbage and the lemon are added into the feed, the female parent is placed into the male parent for mating within 12-24 hours of estrus allowing spanning, the male parent is repeatedly bred once at an interval of 6-8 hours after breeding is finished, the male parent and the female parent are allowed to drink water at an interval of 1 hour after breeding is finished, and the male parent and the female parent are bred in different pens.
S3: after the first generation of hybrid pigs are fed by specific feed and grow up, the first generation of hybrid pigs are selected as male parents and Luchuan pigs are used as female parents for mating to obtain second generation of hybrid pigs.
S4: and (3) carrying out intercrossing on second-generation hybrid pigs to obtain first-generation commercial pigs, carrying out intercrossing on the first-generation commercial pigs to obtain second-generation commercial pigs, selling the second-generation commercial pigs, measuring the body weight and body size of the second-generation commercial pigs before selling, and selling the second-generation commercial pigs with qualified body weight and health conditions.
S5: and continuously carrying out the intercrossing by using the second generation commercial pigs to obtain third generation commercial pigs, and reserving the third generation commercial pigs to be used as subsequent breeding populations.
Comparative example three:
the invention provides the following technical scheme: a hybridization method for gene research of native black pigs comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a mountain area to artificially capture young wild boars, and artificially feeding and growing the wild boars at fixed points by using a specific feed, wherein the feed comprises the following components: the method comprises the following steps of taking red bean powder, milk vetch, pumpkin seed powder, astragalus and houttuynia cordata as hybrid male parents, taking Hainan black pigs as female parents, feeding the male parents and the female parents in columns, numbering each male parent and each female parent during feeding, and recording the growth condition.
S2: the first generation of hybrid pigs are obtained by selecting male parents and female parents with good growth vigor and weight of 50-65kg for natural mating, regular observation is carried out, postpartum care is carried out on the female pigs, when the female pigs carry out postpartum care, different feeds are used in postpartum, and after the female pigs are parted, the feed comprises the following components: the rice meal, the bean pulp, the potato leaves, the pine needle meal and the bone meal are added into the feed, the dichondra repens, the perilla leaves, the isatis roots, the astragalus membranaceus, the green Chinese larch and the lemons are added into the feed, during hybridization, the female parent is put into the male parent for mating within 12-24 hours of estrus allowing climbing, after hybridization is finished, repeated hybridization is carried out once every 6-8 hours, after hybridization is finished, water is allowed to drink at an interval of 1 hour, and the male parent and the female parent are raised in pens.
S3: after the first generation hybrid pig is fed by using a specific feed to grow up, the first generation hybrid pig is selected as a male parent, and a Luchuan pig is selected as a female parent for mating to obtain a second generation hybrid pig.
S4: and (3) carrying out intercrossing by using second-generation hybrid pigs to obtain first-generation commercial pigs, carrying out intercrossing by using the first-generation hybrid pigs to obtain second-generation commercial pigs, selling the second-generation commercial pigs, measuring the body weight and body size of the second-generation commercial pigs before selling, and selling the second-generation commercial pigs with qualified body weight and health condition.
S5: and continuously carrying out the intercrossing by using the second generation commercial pigs to obtain third generation commercial pigs, and reserving the third generation commercial pigs to be used as subsequent breeding populations.
Comparative example four:
the invention provides the following technical scheme: a hybridization method for gene research of native black pigs comprises the following steps:
s1: artificially capturing young wild pigs in mountainous areas, artificially feeding and growing up by using common feed at fixed points to serve as hybrid male parents, taking Luchuan pigs as female parents, feeding the male parents and the female parents in different columns, numbering each male parent and each female parent during feeding, and recording the growth condition.
S2: selecting male parents and female parents with good growth vigor and weight of 50-65kg for natural mating to obtain first-generation hybrid pigs, observing regularly, carrying out postpartum care on the female pigs, putting the male parents into the female parents for mating within 12-24 hours of estrus allowance climbing of the female parents during breeding when the female pigs carry out postpartum care, carrying out repeated breeding once at an interval of 6-8 hours after the completion of the breeding, allowing the female parents to drink water at an interval of 1 hour after the completion of the breeding, and breeding the male parents and the female parents in different pens.
S3: after the first generation hybrid pig is fed by using a specific feed to grow up, the first generation hybrid pig is selected as a male parent, and a Luchuan pig is selected as a female parent for mating to obtain a second generation hybrid pig.
S4: and (3) carrying out intercrossing on second-generation hybrid pigs to obtain first-generation commercial pigs, carrying out intercrossing on the first-generation commercial pigs to obtain second-generation commercial pigs, selling the second-generation commercial pigs, measuring the body weight and body size of the second-generation commercial pigs before selling, and selling the second-generation commercial pigs with qualified body weight and health conditions.
S5: and continuously carrying out the intercrossing by using the second generation commercial pigs to obtain third generation commercial pigs, and reserving the third generation commercial pigs to be used as subsequent breeding populations.
Breeding performance and meat quality of the second generation commercial pigs in the first example, the first comparative example, the second comparative example and the third comparative example are respectively tested by selecting three pigs: the results of the reproductive performance test are shown in the following table:
in the first embodiment, the lean meat percentage of the three-nest pig is 62.1%, and the streaky pork percentage is 7.2%; the lean meat percentage of the three-nest pig in the first comparative example is 56.5%, the streaky pork percentage is 6.3%, the lean meat percentage of the three-nest pig in the second comparative example is 54.2%, the streaky pork percentage is 5.9%, the lean meat percentage of the three-nest pig in the third comparative example is 52.9%, and the streaky pork percentage is 6.1%, so that the Luchuan pig is selected as the female parent, excellent offspring is selected as the pig after multiple generations of circular selection, breeding is carried out from the gene angle, the pig variety with long body length and character can be obtained, the breeding period of the offspring commercial pig is shorter, and the meat quality is better.
As can be seen from the above table: luchuan pigs are selected as female parents for breeding, and the reproductive performance of offspring is better than that of northeast black pigs, southern Anhui black pigs and southern Hai black pigs.
The growth condition of the second generation commercial pigs in the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment is detected by selecting three pigs, so that the average weight of the second generation commercial pigs in the first embodiment after being grown is 450kg, the survival rate is high, and the average weight of the second generation commercial pigs in the fourth embodiment after being grown is 415kg, therefore, the immunity of the female pigs can be improved and the growth of the pigs in the growth period can be promoted by adding the rice flour, the soybean meal, the potato leaves, the pine needle meal and the bone meal into the feed of the pigs and adding the ardisia japonica, the perilla leaves, the isatis roots, the astragalus roots, the zostera japonica and the lemons into the feed.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A hybridization method for gene research of native black pigs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: artificially capturing young wild pigs in mountainous areas, artificially feeding and growing up the wild pigs at fixed points by using a specific feed, taking the wild pigs as hybrid male parents, taking Luchuan pigs as female parents, feeding the male parents and the female parents in columns, numbering each male parent and each female parent during feeding, and recording the growth condition;
s2: naturally mating a male parent and a female parent which are good in growth vigor and have the weight of 50-65kg to obtain a first generation hybrid pig, regularly observing the first generation hybrid pig, and carrying out postpartum care on the female parent pig;
s3: feeding the first generation of hybrid pigs with a specific feed, growing up, selecting the first generation of hybrid pigs as male parents, and mating with Luchuan pigs as female parents to obtain second generation of hybrid pigs;
s4: carrying out intercrossing on second-generation hybrid pigs to obtain first-generation commercial pigs, carrying out intercrossing on the first-generation commercial pigs to obtain second-generation commercial pigs, and selling the second-generation commercial pigs;
s5: and continuously carrying out the intercrossing by using the second generation commercial pigs to obtain third generation commercial pigs, and reserving the third generation commercial pigs to be used as subsequent breeding populations.
2. The hybridization method for gene research of the local black pig according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S2, during mating, the female parent is put into the male parent for mating within 12-24 hours of estrus allowing for climbing, the male parent is repeatedly mated once at an interval of 6-8 hours after mating, water is drunk at an interval of 1 hour after mating, and the male parent and the female parent are raised in pens.
3. The hybridization method for gene research of the black pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S4, the second generation commercial pigs need to be subjected to weight and body size measurement before sale, and the second generation commercial pigs with qualified weight and health condition can be sold.
4. The hybridization method for gene research of the local black pig according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S2, when the female swine is subjected to postpartum care, the feeds used in the postpartum stages are different, and after the female swine partakes, the feed comprises the following components: the feed additive comprises rice flour, bean pulp, potato leaves, pine needle powder and bone meal, and is added with herba equiseti, perilla leaves, radix isatidis, astragalus membranaceus, folium isatidis and lemon.
5. The hybridization method for gene research of the black pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: the feed used in S1 comprises the following components: red bean powder, milk vetch, pumpkin seed powder, astragalus root and cordate houttuynia.
6. The hybridization method for gene research of the black pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: the female parent Luchuan pig in S1 can be replaced by northeast black pig, northern Anhui black pig and southern Hai black pig.
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| CN107372357A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-11-24 | 安顺市平坝区鸿黔养殖场 | A kind of cross breeding method of black pig and wild boar |
| CN110122416A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-16 | 广西扬翔农牧有限责任公司 | It is a kind of to improve the long selection of boar body |
| CN113749044A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-07 | 怒江建浩农业科技发展有限责任公司 | Black pig breeding method |
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