CN114909146A - Cutter head, heading machine and heading method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cutter head, which comprises a cutter head body, a drilling unit and a splitting unit, wherein the drilling unit and the splitting unit are arranged on the cutter head body. The invention also discloses a tunneling machine which can adapt to the tunneling of hard rock and superhard rock geology and has high tunneling efficiency. The invention also discloses a construction method of the heading machine, which comprises the steps of drilling holes to form a plurality of concentric circles on the face, splitting the drilled holes by a splitting mechanism to break the face, punching holes on the periphery of the face in advance during heading to separate the face from the surrounding rocks, and reducing the disturbance of the cutter head body on the surrounding rocks during heading or splitting to ensure the heading to be smoothly carried out.

Description

Cutter head, heading machine and heading method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a cutter head, a heading machine and a heading method.

Background

In the tunnel construction field, the shield constructs the machine and carries out the tunnel construction and has degree of automation height, use manpower sparingly, construction speed is fast, one-time tunnel forming, do not receive the weather influence, steerable ground subsides during the excavation, reduce the influence to the ground building and do not influence characteristics such as surface of water traffic when excavating under water, under the longer condition of tunnel line, buried depth is great, construct more economical and reasonable with the shield structure machine.

The tunnel construction in the prior art has the following problems: 1. aiming at the excavation construction of hard rock and superhard rock geology, the TBM tunneling speed is very slow, the TBM utilizes a hob on a cutterhead to roll and cut and break the rock in the tunneling process, the hob on the cutterhead rotates along with the cutterhead in the radial direction under the action of a driving system, the hob cuts into rock on a tunnel face and extrudes and breaks the rock under the action of a propelling force, but the rotating speed of the cutterhead is very slow, usually 10r/min, and the generated impact load is small; 2. when the TBM is used for tunneling hard rocks, the disturbance to surrounding rocks is large, and the construction is possibly hindered; 3. although the existing cutter head of the tunneling machine is provided with a hydraulic impactor and other impact or hole-opening structures for carrying out fixed-point crushing on hard rocks, the problem that the center position of the cutter head is seriously abraded still cannot be solved.

In conclusion, a cutter head, a tunneling machine and a tunneling method are urgently needed to solve the problems that hard rocks or ultra-hard rocks are difficult to tunnel, surrounding rocks are disturbed greatly and the cutter head is abraded seriously in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cutterhead, a tunneling machine and a tunneling method, which aim to solve the problems that hard rocks or super-hard rocks are difficult to tunnel, the surrounding rocks are disturbed greatly and the cutterhead is abraded seriously in the prior art, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:

a cutter head comprises a cutter head body, a drilling unit and a splitting unit, wherein the drilling unit and the splitting unit are arranged on the cutter head body; the movement locus of the splitting unit is superposed with the movement locus of the drilling unit and is used for splitting the hole drilled by the drilling unit.

According to the preferable technical scheme, the plurality of groups of drilling units and the plurality of groups of splitting units are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction of the cutter head body; the drilling unit comprises at least two groups of gang drill mechanisms which are arranged along the radial direction of the cutter head body; the splitting unit comprises at least one group of splitting mechanisms arranged along the radial direction of the cutter head body; any splitting mechanism is provided with at least one group of gang drill mechanisms which are arranged correspondingly, and the splitting mechanism and the corresponding gang drill mechanisms are superposed on the rotating track of the cutter head body.

Above technical scheme is preferred, among at least two sets of gang drill mechanisms, at least one set of gang drill mechanism sets up in the edge of blade disc body.

Preferably, the gang drill mechanism comprises a gang drill box body and a plurality of groups of telescopic drilling executing pieces; the drilling execution parts are arranged on the gang drill box body and comprise drill bits and drill rods which are sequentially arranged along the tunneling direction; the drill bits of the two adjacent groups of drilling executing parts are arranged in a staggered mode in the drilling direction, so that the holes drilled on the face of the two groups of drill bits are communicated.

Above technical scheme is preferred, the distance of the last top surface of gang drill box and drilling rod axis is L ₁ (ii) a Radius of the drill bit is R ₁ ；R ₁ ≥L ₁ 。

Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the gang drill mechanism further comprises a shaping plate, wherein the shaping plate is movably connected with the drill rod and moves along with the drill rod in the drilling direction; and the shaping plate is provided with shaping teeth, and the shaping teeth are used for scraping an underdug area between two adjacent groups of drill bits.

The drilling and splitting unit comprises a gang drilling mechanism and a splitting mechanism which are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction of the cutter head body; in the drilling and splitting unit, each splitting mechanism is provided with at least one group of gang drill mechanisms which are arranged correspondingly, and the splitting mechanism is superposed with the rotating track of the corresponding gang drill mechanism.

Preferably, the drill and split unit and the drilling unit are in the same radial direction.

A heading machine comprises a cutter head of a heading machine body; the cutter head is arranged on the heading machine body.

A construction method of a heading machine adopts the heading machine and comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the cutter head body is static, the multiple groups of gang drill mechanisms are enabled to drill for the ith time, and the drill returns after drilling to the target depth, wherein i is more than or equal to 1;

step two: after the cutter head body is rotated, drilling holes for the (i + 1) th time according to the step I, and enabling the holes drilled for the (i + 1) th time to be adjacent to or communicated with the holes drilled for the (i) th time;

step three: when the holes drilled in the step two form a plurality of concentric circles on the face, returning all the gang drill mechanisms, entering the next step, and otherwise, taking i as i +1, and returning to the step two;

step four: the cutter head body is static, so that a plurality of groups of splitting mechanisms are over against holes drilled by the gang drill mechanism, and the splitting operation of the jth round is carried out, wherein j is more than or equal to 1;

step five: after the cutter head body is rotated, splitting operation of the (j + 1) th round is performed according to the fourth step;

step six: if the current cycle of splitting and rock breaking is completed, returning all splitting mechanisms, entering the next step, and if j is not j +1, returning to the fifth step;

step seven: the cutter head body rotates and tunnels forwards, when the tunnel is tunneled to the tunnel face of the next construction cycle, one-round tunneling is completed, and the cutter head body stops rotating;

step eight: and repeating the first step to the seventh step until the tunneling of the target road section of the tunnel is completed.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the cutterhead comprises a cutterhead body, a drilling unit and a splitting unit, wherein the drilling unit and the splitting unit are arranged on the cutterhead body, the movement track of the splitting unit is overlapped with the movement track of the drilling unit, when the cutterhead is used for tunneling hard rock geology, a plurality of holes are drilled on a tunnel face through the drilling unit to reduce the strength of the tunnel face, after the drilling is finished, the holes drilled by the drilling unit are used as splitting holes, the splitting unit is used for splitting the splitting holes, so that the rock breaking of the tunnel face is completed, then the cutterhead body rotates and tunnels, the tunneling efficiency can be improved, the abrasion of the cutterhead body can be effectively reduced, and the cutterhead can realize efficient rock breaking without a plurality of cutters such as a hob and the like, so that the use types of the cutters and the abrasion of the cutters are greatly reduced.

(2) According to the invention, through the plurality of groups of drilling units and the plurality of groups of splitting units which are circumferentially staggered, the drilling and splitting efficiency can be improved, so that the rock breaking efficiency is improved, the splitting mechanism only needs to be kept corresponding to one group of gang drilling mechanisms, the plurality of groups of gang drilling mechanisms can be arranged according to the actual situation without setting the plurality of groups of splitting mechanisms and the gang drilling mechanisms in one-to-one correspondence, the requirement on cost can be reduced, and if the number of the gang drilling mechanisms is more than that of the splitting mechanisms, the drilled redundant holes can greatly reduce the strength of the tunnel face, and a certain splitting space can be provided for splitting operation, so that the rock breaking effect is improved.

(3) At least one group of gang drill mechanisms are arranged at the edge of the cutter head body, holes drilled by the gang drill mechanisms at the edge position are adjacent or communicated, and a peripheral ring groove can be formed at the edge of the face, so that the face is separated from the surrounding rock mass, the disturbance to the surrounding rock mass during construction is reduced, and the smooth tunneling work is ensured.

(3) According to the invention, by arranging a plurality of groups of telescopic drilling executing pieces, the drilling efficiency can be improved, and the rock breaking efficiency is further improved; according to the invention, two adjacent groups of drill bits are arranged in a staggered manner in the drilling direction, so that holes drilled by the two drill bits are communicated, the rock breaking effect is ensured, and the strength of the tunnel face is reduced.

(4) R of the invention ₁ ≥L ₁ For the gang drill mechanism at the edge position of the cutter head body, the gang drill mechanism at the edge position must ensure that the hole can be punched perpendicular to the face, if the hole is punched obliquely, the face cannot be completely separated from the surrounding rock mass, and the function of preventing the surrounding rock from being disturbed cannot be achieved; in the prior art, in order to enable the obliquely punched hole to completely separate the tunnel face from the surrounding rocks, the obliquely punched hole is reamed by adopting a reaming cutter after the oblique punching, so that the working efficiency is low, and the obliquely punched hole is not suitable for tunneling construction; therefore, on the premise of ensuring vertical perforation, if R ₁ ＜L ₁ Because of the limitation of the hole wall, the upper top surface of the gang drill box body can only be attached to the hole wall at most, and the hole drilled by the drill bit can not separate the tunnel face from the surrounding rocks (namely the drilled hole can not be close to the excavation contour line), and a reaming cutter is also needed for reaming.

(5) According to the invention, the underdug area between two groups of drill bits is removed through the shaping teeth on the shaping plate, so that the outer edge of a hole drilled by the gang drill mechanism at one time is smooth, and the subsequent smooth propulsion can be ensured.

(6) According to the invention, the drilling and splitting unit is arranged in the central area of the cutter head body, so that drilling and rock splitting can be carried out on the central area of the tunnel face, the problem that the central position of the cutter head body is seriously abraded (namely the problem that the abrasion degree of cutters at the central position and the edge position of the cutter head body is different) is solved, and the construction efficiency can be improved.

(7) The gang drill mechanism of the drilling and splitting unit and the gang drill mechanism of the drilling and splitting unit are positioned in the same radial direction, so that the gang drill mechanisms of the drilling and splitting unit and the drilling unit can synchronously rotate to punch holes, and the hole forming angles of the gang drill mechanisms on the face are the same (namely, holes drilled each time are positioned in the same radial direction), so that a plurality of concentric circles with different diameters can be conveniently and quickly punched on the face, the cutter head body does not need to be repeatedly rotated to punch the concentric circles, and the working efficiency can be improved.

The heading machine comprises a heading machine body and the cutter head, can adapt to the heading of hard rock and superhard rock geology, and is high in heading efficiency.

The construction method of the heading machine adopts the heading machine, the method of the invention can form a plurality of concentric circles on the face by drilling, the strength of the face is reduced, then the splitting mechanism is used for splitting the drilled holes, so as to break the face (namely, the rock is cracked), the rock falls off, and the method has very high construction efficiency in a heading road section of hard rock geology.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the cutter head of the present embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cutter head of FIG. 1 after a circumferential perforation has been made in the face of the palm;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the splitting unit of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the gang drill mechanism of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the shaping plate of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the undercut region between two adjacent bits of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is an operational view of the shaping plate of FIG. 5 with the undermined area removed;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the cleaving mechanism of FIG. 1;

fig. 9 is a schematic view of the heading machine in the present embodiment;

wherein, 1, a cutter head body; 2. a drilling unit; 3. a splitting unit; 4. a drilling and splitting unit; 5.a gang drill mechanism; a, a gang drill mechanism at the edge position; 5.1, a gang drill box body; 5.11, a box body; 5.12, a gang drill body; 5.13, drilling the telescopic piece; 5.2, drilling an executive component; 5.21, a drill rod; 5.22, a drill bit; 5.3, shaping the plate; 5.31, shaping teeth; 5.32, through holes; 6. a cleaving mechanism; 6.1, splitting a box; 6.2, splitting the main body; 6.3, splitting the expansion piece; 6.4, splitting the rod; a, drilling and splitting holes drilled by the unit; b, drilling holes by the drilling unit; c, drilling holes by the gang drill mechanism at the edge position; 8.a rock formation; a, a tunnel face of the next construction cycle; 9. a back-cut area; 10. a shield body; 11. a screw conveyor; 12. a stone breaking mechanism; 13. and (4) a conveyor belt.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.

Example (b):

the utility model provides a blade disc, blade disc include blade disc body 1 and set up drilling unit 2 and the splitting unit 3 on blade disc body 1, drilling unit 2 in this embodiment is used for drilling on the face, splitting unit 3 is used for carrying out the splitting operation to the hole that the face was bored (carrying out brokenly the rock to the face promptly), and blade disc body 1 is tunnelled forward again after the completion of broken rock, as shown in fig. 1 to 8, concrete structure as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, a cutter for tunneling is arranged on the cutter head body 1, which may specifically refer to a cutter head structure in the prior art.

As shown in fig. 1, the drilling units 2 are arranged on the cutter head body 1, and can drill holes on the tunnel face, in this embodiment, four sets of drilling units 2 are arranged, the four sets of drilling units 2 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the cutter head body 1, and preferably, the four sets of drilling units 2 are arranged at equal intervals.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, four sets of splitting units 3 are also provided, four sets of splitting units 3 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the cutter head body 1 (preferably, arranged at equal intervals), and four sets of drilling units 2 and four sets of splitting units 3 are arranged in an equidistant and staggered manner in the circumferential direction of the cutter head body 1; the rotation track of the splitting unit 3 on the cutter head body 1 is overlapped with the rotation track of the drilling unit 2 on the cutter head body 1, so that the splitting unit 3 can rotate and then just face the hole drilled by the drilling unit 2, and splitting operation is further completed. In fig. 2, reference numeral 7.a indicates a hole drilled by the drilling and splitting unit 4; reference numeral 7.b indicates a hole drilled by the drilling unit 2; reference 7.c indicates the hole drilled by the rim positioned gang drill mechanism 5. a.

The specific structure of the drilling unit 2 of the present embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, the drilling unit 2 includes at least two sets of gang drilling mechanisms 5, in this embodiment, it is preferable that one set of drilling unit 2 includes four sets of gang drilling mechanisms 5, and the four sets of gang drilling mechanisms 5 are arranged along the radial direction of the cutter head body 1 (may be arranged at equal intervals, and is specifically determined according to actual conditions); it should be noted that, as the diameter of the cutterhead body 1 increases (i.e. the specification of the cutterhead body 1 is different), the number of the gang drill mechanisms 5 of the drilling unit 2 in the embodiment should also increase or decrease to match the working faces with different sizes.

As shown in fig. 1, in the four sets of gang drill mechanisms 5 of the drilling unit 2 of the present embodiment, one set of gang drill mechanism 5 is disposed at an edge position (i.e., denoted by reference numeral 5. a) of the cutter head body 1, and is used for performing circumferential drilling at the edge position of the face to separate the face from the surrounding rocks (holes drilled by the gang drill mechanism at the edge position are shown as 7.c in fig. 2 and 3), specifically, in the gang drill mechanism 5 at the edge position of the present embodiment, an outer peripheral contour line of a drill bit 5.22 of the gang drill mechanism 5 is in an inscribed relation with a viewing angle of a maximum outer peripheral contour line of the cutter head body 1 in the tunneling direction (i.e., the axial direction, i.e., the viewing angle of fig. 1). In addition, this embodiment does not restrict and only sets up a set of gang drill mechanism 5 in the border position, and when setting up two sets of gang drill mechanisms 5 in the border position of blade disc body 1, the concrete mode of arranging is: the peripheral contour line of the drill bit 5.22 of the first group of gang drill mechanism 5 is inscribed with the maximum peripheral contour line of the cutter head body 1, the second group of gang drill mechanism 5 corresponds to the first group of gang drill mechanism 5 in the radial direction of the cutter head body 1, and the radial distance between the first group of gang drill mechanism 5 and the second group of gang drill mechanism 5 is selected according to the actual situation, for example, 3-10 cm.

The specific structure of the gang drill mechanism 5 of the present embodiment is as follows, as shown in fig. 4 to 7:

as shown in fig. 4, the gang drill mechanism 5 comprises a gang drill box body 5.1 and a plurality of groups of telescopic drilling executing pieces 5.2; the gang drill box body 5.1 comprises a box body 5.11, a drilling main body and a drilling telescopic piece 5.13 (such as a telescopic oil cylinder); the box body 5.11 is fixed on the cutter head body 1; the drilling main body is arranged in the box body 5.11 in a sliding mode, and the drilling main body (in reference to the existing structure) is used for driving the drilling executing piece 5.2 to rotate so as to achieve the drilling function of the drilling executing piece 5.2; the drilling telescopic piece 5.13 is arranged in the box body 5.11, two ends of the drilling telescopic piece 5.13 are respectively hinged with the inner wall of the box body 5.11 and the drilling main body, the sliding direction of the drilling main body and the telescopic direction of the drilling telescopic piece 5.13 are both vertical to the face (namely parallel to the tunneling direction), and the drilling main body is driven to drill or retreat by the telescopic of the drilling telescopic piece 5.13 so as to realize the telescopic function of the drilling actuating piece 5.2 (when the drilling is not needed, the drilling actuating piece 5.2 can be recovered into the cutter head body 1); in this embodiment, the number of the drilling actuators 5.2 is four; the drilling executing part 5.2 specifically comprises a drill rod 5.21 and a drill bit 5.22, the drill rod 5.21 is connected to the drilling main body, the drill bit 5.22 is coaxially fixed at the end part of the drill rod 5.21, the outer diameter of the drill bit 5.22 is larger than that of the drill rod 5.21, and the drill rod 5.21 and the drill bit 5.22 are driven to rotate by the drilling main body; in the four groups of drilling executing components 5.2, two adjacent groups of drill bits 5.22 are staggered back and forth in the drilling direction, so that the holes drilled by the four groups of drilling executing components 5.2 can be communicated (namely, the holes are communicated to form a long groove, as shown in fig. 6); in addition, the two adjacent groups of drill bits 5.22 may not be arranged in a staggered manner, and only a small distance (e.g., 2-10cm) is required to be set between the two adjacent groups of drill bits 5.22, so that after drilling is completed, the interval between holes drilled by the two adjacent groups of drill bits 5.22 is small, and subsequent construction is not affected.

The gang drill mechanism 5 of the present embodiment has the following preferable structure:

as shown in fig. 4, the distance L between the upper top surface of the gang drill box 5.1 (specifically the box 5.11) and the axis of the drill rod 5.21 is ₁ (ii) a The radius of the drill bit 5.22 is R ₁ ，R ₁ ≥L ₁ So that the drill bit 5.22 can protrude or be flush with the upper top surface of the case 5.11 (this embodiment illustrates R) ₁ ＝L ₁ ) So that the drill bit 5.22 can punch holes perpendicular to the face at a position close to the excavation contour line, and the punched holes can separate the face from the surrounding rocks. The structural design here is specifically to optimize the gang drill mechanism 5.a located at the edge position of the cutter head body 1, and of course, the gang drill mechanism 5 at other positions may also adopt the preferred structure here.

As shown in fig. 5 to 7, in the preferred embodiment, the gang drill mechanism 5 further includes a shaping plate 5.3, the shaping plate 5.3 is movably disposed on four sets of drill rods 5.21 of the gang drill mechanism 5, and can advance and retract with the drill rods 5.21, and the shaping plate 5.3 is movably disposed in a manner that: the shaping plate 5.3 is provided with through holes 5.32 which are in one-to-one correspondence with the four groups of drill rods 5.21, the drill rods 5.21 penetrate through the through holes 5.32, and the shaping plate 5.3 can be prevented from interfering the rotation of the drill rods 5.21 due to the arrangement of the through holes 5.32; the inner wall of the through hole 5.32 is provided with an annular groove along the circumferential direction; an annular boss is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the drill rod 5.21; the annular boss is arranged in the annular groove, so that the shaping plate 5.3 can advance and retreat along with the drill rod 5.21 under the condition of not interfering the rotation of the drill rod 5.21; the shaping plate 5.3 is further provided with a plurality of groups of shaping teeth 5.31, the shaping teeth 5.31 are located between two adjacent groups of drill bits 5.22 of the gang drill mechanism 5, and when a drill rod 5.21 drills, the shaping teeth 5.31 are driven to trim and scrape an underdug area 9 (shown in fig. 6) between the two adjacent groups of drill bits 5.22. The lower end of the shaping plate 5.3 is provided with a plurality of continuous arcs, so that the shaping plate 5.3 can smoothly enter the hole from the drill bit 5.22.

As shown in fig. 1 and 8, the splitting unit 3 of this embodiment includes a plurality of splitting mechanisms 6, in this embodiment, three splitting mechanisms 6 are illustrated, three splitting mechanisms 6 are radially disposed (preferably equidistantly disposed) along the cutter head body 1, three splitting mechanisms 6 of this embodiment can respectively correspond to three gang drill mechanisms 5 of the drilling unit 2 (the splitting mechanism 6 does not correspond to the gang drill mechanism 5 located at the edge of the cutter head body 1), and the corresponding relationship between the splitting mechanism 6 and the gang drill mechanism 5 is specifically: the rotation track of the splitting mechanism 6 on the cutter head body 1 coincides with the rotation track of the corresponding gang drill mechanism 5 on the cutter head body 1 (i.e. the rotation tracks are all located on the same circle, and the circle uses the center of the cutter head body 1 as the center of the circle), and the rotation tracks of the multiple groups of splitting mechanisms 6 or the multiple groups of gang drill mechanisms 5 are multiple concentric circles (approximate concentric circles, as shown in fig. 2) with different diameters. In addition, the present embodiment does not limit the number of cleaving mechanisms 6 that the cleaving unit 3 includes, for example, the cleaving unit 3 may include only one set of cleaving mechanisms 6, and the cleaving mechanism 6 may correspond to a gang drill mechanism in a non-edge position (i.e. the rotation trajectory coincides).

The specific structure of the cleaving mechanism 6 of this embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 8, the splitting mechanism 6 includes a splitting box 6.1, a splitting body 6.2, a splitting expansion piece 6.3 (such as an expansion cylinder), and a plurality of splitting rods 6.4; the splitting box 6.1 is fixed on the cutter head body 1; the splitting main body 6.2 (refer to the prior art) is arranged in the splitting box 6.1 in a sliding manner, the splitting expansion piece 6.3 is positioned in the splitting box 6.1, two ends of the splitting expansion piece 6.3 are respectively hinged with the inner wall of the splitting box 6.1 and the splitting main body 6.2, and the expansion direction of the splitting expansion piece 6.3 and the sliding direction of the splitting main body 6.2 are both perpendicular to the face; the multiunit splitting rod 6.4 all sets up on splitting main part 6.2, and the quantity of the splitting rod 6.4 that contains in this embodiment splitting mechanism 6 is the same with the drill bit 5.22 quantity of gang drill mechanism 5, and the splitting rod 6.4 can just be to the hole that the drill bit 5.22 bored out promptly, drives splitting rod 6.4 through splitting extensible member 6.3 and carries out the splitting operation to the face, and when not needing the splitting, splitting rod 6.4 can be withdrawed in the blade disc body 1.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the boring and splitting unit 4 is further included, and the boring and splitting unit 4 is arranged at the center of the cutter head body 1, and can drill and split a central area of a face, so as to break rock on the face at the central position and reduce abrasion of the center of the cutter head body 1; the center of the cutter head body 1 in this embodiment is defined as: 52R taking the central point of the cutter head body 1 as a round point ₂ Is a radius, and the radius range is defined as the center of the cutter head body 1; r ₂ Is the radius of the cutter head body 1.

The drilling and splitting unit 4 of the embodiment comprises a gang drilling mechanism 5 and a splitting mechanism 6, wherein the specific structure of the gang drilling mechanism 5 of the drilling and splitting unit 4 is consistent with the structure of the gang drilling mechanism 5 of the drilling unit 2; the specific structure of the cleaving mechanism 6 of the drilling and cleaving unit 4 is the same as that of the cleaving mechanism 6 of the cleaving unit 3 described above.

The brill of this embodiment splits unit 4 includes two sets of gang drill mechanisms 5 and two sets of splitting mechanism 6 altogether, and gang drill mechanism 5 and splitting mechanism 6 set up (form and look sideways at for tetragonal structure) in the circumference of blade disc body 1 crisscross, and the gang drill mechanism 5 and the splitting mechanism 6 of brill unit 4 coincide in the rotation orbit on blade disc body 1 to in drilling and splitting.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the gang drill mechanism 5 of the drill splitting unit 4 and the gang drill mechanism 5 of the drilling unit 2 are disposed in correspondence with each other in the radial direction of the cutter head body 1 (i.e., in the same radial direction); in addition, the splitting mechanism 6 of the drilling and splitting unit 4 and the splitting mechanism 6 of the splitting unit 3 may be arranged in the same radial direction (this is not shown in the drawings of the present embodiment), so that the splitting operation can be performed synchronously, and the construction efficiency is improved.

The embodiment also discloses a heading machine, which comprises a heading machine body and the cutterhead, as shown in fig. 9;

the heading machine body comprises a shield body 10, a spiral conveyor 11, a stone breaking mechanism 12 and a conveyor belt 13;

the cutter head is arranged at the front end of the shield body 10 and used for tunneling; the spiral conveyor 11 is arranged in the shield body 10 and used for conveying slag and broken stones; the rock breaking mechanism 12 (referred to the prior art) is provided between the screw conveyor 11 and the conveyor belt 13, and is used for breaking large rocks and conveying the rocks to the rear through the conveyor belt 13. Other structures of the heading machine body refer to the prior art.

The embodiment also discloses a construction method of the heading machine, which adopts the heading machine and comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the cutter head body 1 is static, and a plurality of groups of gang drill mechanisms 5 (the gang drill mechanisms 5 here are the gang drill mechanisms 5 of the drilling unit 2 and the gang drill mechanisms 5 of the drilling and splitting unit 4) are used for drilling for the ith time, and the drill bit is retracted after being drilled to a target depth, wherein i is more than or equal to 1, and in the embodiment, i is 1, namely, the first drilling is carried out;

step two: the cutter head body 1 is rotated, the rotation angle of the cutter head body 1 is selected according to the number of the drill bits 5.22 contained in the gang drill mechanism 5, namely the number of the drill bits 5.22 is large, the rotation angle is increased, and the specific rotation angle is based on the fact that the circumferential continuous punching can be realized;

after the cutter head body 1 is rotated, drilling for the (i + 1) th time according to the drilling operation in the step one, and enabling the hole drilled for the (i + 1) th time to be adjacent to or communicated with the hole drilled for the (i) th time (the distance between the (i + 1) th time and the hole drilled for the (i) th time is 0-2cm, and when the distance is 0cm, the adjacent holes drilled for the two times are communicated);

step three: when the holes drilled in the second step form a plurality of concentric circles with different diameters on the face (as shown in fig. 2, a blank face of a plurality of concentric circles is formed, that is, the holes are drilled on the periphery of the face, and at this time, the face and the surrounding rock on the periphery are separated by the holes drilled by the gang drill mechanisms 5.a at the edge position of the cutter head body 1), all the gang drill mechanisms 5 are returned, and the next step is carried out,

otherwise (namely when the perforation of the cycle is not finished), i is taken as i +1, and the step II is returned (namely the step is returned to continue the perforation of the cycle);

step four: as shown in fig. 3, the cutter head body 1 is stationary, so that a plurality of groups of splitting mechanisms 6 (here, the splitting mechanisms 6 are the splitting mechanism 6 of the splitting unit 3 and the splitting mechanism 6 of the drilling and splitting unit 4) are enabled, the splitting rod 6.4 of the splitting mechanism 6 is over against the hole drilled by the gang drill mechanism 5, and the j is greater than or equal to 1, in this embodiment, j is equal to 1;

step five: after the cutter head body 1 is rotated, the rotation angle of the cutter head body 1 is consistent with that in the second step, the splitting rod 6.4 can be quickly aligned with the hole drilled by the gang drill mechanism 5, and then the splitting operation of the j +1 th round (namely the rock breaking operation of the rock stratum 8) is carried out on the face according to the fourth step;

step six: if the current cycle of splitting rock breaking is completed (namely, after the rock breaking work of the current face is completed, the subsequent cutterhead body 1 can be smoothly tunneled), returning all splitting mechanisms 6, entering the next step, otherwise, taking j as j +1, and returning to the fifth step (namely, continuing to perform rock breaking on the face to reduce the strength of the face);

step seven: after the rock breaking work is finished, the cutter head body 1 rotates and tunnels forwards, when the tunnel is tunneled to the tunnel face of the next construction cycle (as shown in fig. 3, the tunnel face 8.a of the next construction cycle refers to the deepest hole drilled by the gang drill mechanism 5, and the plane where the hole bottom of the hole is located is the tunnel face of the next construction cycle), one-round tunneling is finished, and the cutter head body 1 stops rotating;

step eight: and repeating the first step to the seventh step until the tunneling of the target road section of the tunnel is completed.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The cutter head is characterized by comprising a cutter head body (1), and a drilling unit (2) and a splitting unit (3) which are arranged on the cutter head body (1), wherein the drilling unit (2) is used for drilling a hole on a tunnel face; the movement locus of the splitting unit (3) is overlapped with the movement locus of the drilling unit (2) and is used for splitting the hole drilled by the drilling unit (2).

2. A cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of sets of drilling units (2) are staggered with a plurality of sets of cleaving units (3) in the circumferential direction of the cutterhead body (1);

the drilling unit (2) comprises at least two groups of gang drill mechanisms (5) which are arranged along the radial direction of the cutter head body (1); the splitting unit (3) comprises at least one group of splitting mechanisms (6) which are arranged along the radial direction of the cutter head body (1); any splitting mechanism (6) is provided with at least one group of gang drill mechanisms (5) which are arranged correspondingly, and the splitting mechanism (6) is overlapped with the rotation tracks of the corresponding gang drill mechanisms (5) on the cutter head body (1).

3. A cutterhead in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that at least one of said at least two sets of gang drill means (5) is provided at the edge of the cutterhead body (1) (5).

4. A cutter head according to claim 2, characterized in that the gang drill mechanism (5) comprises a gang drill box (5.1) and a plurality of sets of telescopic drill actuators (5.2);

the plurality of drilling executing parts (5.2) are all arranged on the gang drill box body (5.1), and the drilling executing parts (5.2) comprise drill bits (5.22) and drill rods (5.21) which are sequentially arranged along the tunneling direction; the drill bits (5.22) of the two adjacent groups of drilling executing parts (5.2) are arranged in a staggered mode in the drilling direction, so that the holes drilled on the tunnel face by the two groups of drill bits (5.22) are communicated.

5.A cutter head according to claim 4, characterized in that the upper top surface of the gang drill box (5.1) is at a distance L from the axis of the drill rod (5.21) ₁ (ii) a The radius of the drill bit (5.22) is R ₁ ；R ₁ ≥L ₁ 。

6. A cutter head according to claim 4, characterized in that the gang drill mechanism (5) further comprises an aligning plate (5.3), the aligning plate (5.3) is movably connected with the drill rod (5.21) and moves along with the drill rod (5.21) in the drilling direction; the shaping plate (5.3) is provided with shaping teeth (5.31), and the shaping teeth (5.31) are used for scraping an undermining area (9) between two adjacent groups of drill bits (5.22).

7.A cutter head according to any one of claims 2 to 6, further comprising a drilling and splitting unit (4) arranged at the center of the cutter head body (1), wherein the drilling and splitting unit (4) comprises a gang drilling mechanism (5) and a splitting mechanism (6) which are staggered in the circumferential direction of the cutter head body (1); in the drilling and splitting unit (4), any splitting mechanism (6) is provided with at least one group of gang drill mechanisms (5) which are arranged correspondingly, and the splitting mechanism (6) is superposed with the rotating tracks of the corresponding gang drill mechanisms (5).

8.A cutter head according to claim 7, characterized in that the gang drill mechanism (5) of the drilling and splitting unit (4) and the gang drill mechanism (5) of the drilling unit (2) are in the same radial direction.

9. A heading machine, comprising a heading machine body and a cutter head according to any one of claims 2 to 8; the cutter head is arranged on the heading machine body.

10. A construction method of a heading machine using the heading machine according to claim 9, characterized by comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: the cutter head body (1) is static, the multiple groups of gang drill mechanisms (5) are enabled to drill for the ith time, and the drill returns after drilling to the target depth, wherein i is more than or equal to 1;

step two: after the cutter head body (1) is rotated, drilling holes for the (i + 1) th time according to the step I, and enabling the holes drilled for the (i + 1) th time to be adjacent to or communicated with the holes drilled for the (i) th time;

step three: when the holes drilled in the step two form a plurality of concentric circles on the face, all the gang drill mechanisms (5) are withdrawn, the next step is carried out, otherwise, i is taken as i +1, and the step two is returned;

step four: the cutter body (1) is static, so that a plurality of groups of splitting mechanisms (6) are over against holes drilled by the gang drill mechanism (5) to perform splitting operation for the jth round, wherein j is more than or equal to 1;

step five: after the cutter head body (1) is rotated, splitting operation of the (j + 1) th round is performed according to the fourth step;

step six: if the current cycle of splitting and rock breaking is completed, returning all splitting mechanisms (6), entering the next step, otherwise, taking j as j +1, and returning to the fifth step;

step seven: the cutter head body (1) rotates and tunnels forwards, when the tunnel is tunneled to the tunnel face (8.a) of the next construction cycle, one-round tunneling is completed, and the cutter head body (1) stops rotating;

step eight: and repeating the first step to the seventh step until the tunneling of the target road section of the tunnel is completed.

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