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CN114907967A - Integrated equipment, processing method and system for resourceful treatment of dining table residual food - Google Patents

Integrated equipment, processing method and system for resourceful treatment of dining table residual food Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114907967A
CN114907967A CN202210547454.5A CN202210547454A CN114907967A CN 114907967 A CN114907967 A CN 114907967A CN 202210547454 A CN202210547454 A CN 202210547454A CN 114907967 A CN114907967 A CN 114907967A
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China
Prior art keywords
enzymolysis
steam
temperature
dining table
food
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CN202210547454.5A
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Inventor
刘墨
张恒
张长春
于家伊
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Beijing Siliang Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Siliang Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202210547454.5A priority Critical patent/CN114907967A/en
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    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract

The invention discloses a dining table residual food recycling treatment integrated device, a treatment method and a system, and relates to the technical field of kitchen residual food treatment. The kitchen waste food treatment device is compact in structure and comprehensive in function, can integrate multiple functions of sterilization, disinfection, cooling, enzymolysis and drying into a whole, is sequentially completed on the same equipment, has the effects of short treatment time, energy conservation and consumption reduction, and improves the treatment efficiency of kitchen waste food.

Description

Integrated equipment, treatment method and system for resourceful treatment of dining table residual food
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dining table residual food treatment, in particular to a dining table residual food resourceful treatment integrated device, a treatment method and a system.
Background
Billions of tons of dining table residual food are generated from restaurants, dining halls and the like in China every year, the substances have obvious harmfulness and resource duality, the harmfulness is that the substances are easy to go bad, rot and smell, simultaneously, a large number of viruses and pathogenic microorganisms of zoonosis are contained, and secondary harm is easy to generate if the adopted treatment process is improper. The resource is that the substance contains 80-95% of organic substances, mainly comprises sugar, protein, fat, lignocellulose, starch and the like, wherein the content of the sugar and the protein accounts for more than 60% of the dry substance, the protein and energy level is between that of corn and bean pulp, the substance is a high-energy high-protein high-quality feed raw material, and in addition, the substance also contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and various trace elements, so the substance has a large resource utilization space in terms of nutrient components. However, because China is limited by the treatment process and equipment of the dining table residual food at present, most of the China adopts the treatment modes of landfill, incineration, anaerobic digestion and composting of the dining table residual food to generate the soil conditioner. The traditional landfill mode needs to occupy large-area land and is easy to cause the soil to be unrecoverable. Incineration and anaerobic digestion cause serious environmental pollution. Foreign countries such as some countries in Europe, America, Japan and the like generally collect dining table residual food and then process the food into feed additives or feed raw materials to become feed raw materials for livestock, poultry and aquatic product industries, the feed processing mode has great significance for saving food, relevant departments in agricultural rural areas are currently carrying out dining table residual food feed processing trial in partial areas, and thus, partial areas in China are also tried at present. However, since the mode needs to involve the treatment of multiple process flows such as sterilization, cooling, microbial inoculum addition, enzymolysis, drying and the like on materials, and the existing equipment cannot realize integration, the problems of recycling of the dining table residual food and product safety are reasonably solved, the feed raw materials of non-ruminant animals meeting the national feed sanitation standard GB13078 are prepared, the basic requirements of the product quality control technical indexes in the requirements of the animal husbandry and veterinary bureau in agriculture and rural areas on the oriented use of the dining table residual food for the feeding and the spotting are met, the recycling treatment of the dining table residual food is realized, and the low-energy-consumption equipment which can integrate the multiple process flows such as sterilization, enzymolysis, drying and the like on the dining table residual food is urgently needed to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a dining table residual food recycling treatment integrated device, a treatment method and a system.
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide integrated equipment for resource treatment of dining table residual food, which is controlled by a program through a PLC control system and comprises an equipment base, wherein an enzymolysis barrel is fixedly arranged on the equipment base, a rotary stirring shaft penetrates through the enzymolysis barrel, two ends of the rotary stirring shaft extend out and are fixedly connected with the equipment base through a bearing seat, and a rotary driving device is arranged on the equipment base and is connected to a first end part of the rotary stirring shaft in a matching manner and used for driving the rotary stirring shaft to rotate so as to stir materials in the enzymolysis barrel; sealing end covers are arranged at two ends of the enzymolysis cylinder, and an enzymolysis aeration device is arranged on the inner walls of the sealing end covers; a feeding channel is arranged on one side of the top of the enzymolysis barrel and is used for being connected with a bin pipeline; one side of the feeding channel is connected with a vacuumizing device through a vacuumizing exhaust pipe, the vacuumizing exhaust pipe is respectively provided with a vacuumizing exhaust valve and a slow pressure relief valve, and the slow pressure relief valve is bridged at two sides of the vacuumizing exhaust valve; an enzymolysis feed inlet is formed in the other side of the top of the enzymolysis barrel and used for being externally connected with feeding equipment through a feed pipeline, and a plurality of first air inlets are uniformly distributed in the top of the enzymolysis barrel and used for inputting high-temperature steam into the barrel through a steam pipeline; a discharging channel is arranged on one side of the bottom of the enzymolysis barrel and is used for connecting a next process pipeline; the bottom of the barrel is also provided with a plurality of first drainage ports, and the first drainage ports are connected with a drainage device and used for discharging condensed water generated in the barrel; the outer wall of the main body of the enzymolysis barrel is provided with a heating jacket, and a cavity for introducing heat conduction materials is formed in the heating jacket and is used for heating the materials in the enzymolysis barrel; the main body part of the rotary stirring shaft is of a hollow tubular structure, the second end part of the rotary stirring shaft is provided with a second air inlet and a second water outlet, rotary joints are sleeved outside the second air inlet and the second water outlet, the rotary joints are provided with interfaces which are matched and connected with a second air inlet pipe and the second water outlet, the two interfaces are correspondingly connected with an air inlet hose and a water outlet hose, and the air inlet hose is connected with the steam pipeline and used for inputting high-temperature steam into the rotary stirring shaft through the steam pipeline; the drainage hose is connected with the drainage device and used for discharging condensed water generated in the rotary stirring shaft.
As an optimization scheme, a plurality of groups of stirring blades are uniformly distributed on the main body part of the rotary stirring shaft, and two adjacent groups of stirring blades are staggered by 30 degrees when being connected with the main body part, and each group comprises four stirring blades which are arranged on the main shaft in a surrounding manner, and every two stirring blades are vertically distributed in space.
As an optimized scheme, the stirring paddle comprises a rake rod and a rake blade, the rake rod is fixedly connected with the main body part of the rotary stirring shaft, and the rake blade is connected to the end part of the rake rod.
As an optimized scheme, the enzymolysis aeration device comprises an outer cover and an aeration pipe, wherein the outer cover is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the sealing end cover, the outer cover comprises an upper cover and a lower cover which are hermetically connected with each other, an airflow cavity is formed between the upper cover and the lower cover, and an angle of 45 degrees is formed between the lower cover and the inner wall of the sealing end cover in the vertical direction; a plurality of aeration holes distributed in a fan shape are arranged on the panel of the lower cover; the aeration pipe penetrates out of the sealing end cover in a sealing mode to be externally connected with air supply equipment, and is used for introducing air into the enzymolysis barrel.
As an optimized scheme, an air inlet silencer is connected to the aeration pipe.
As an optimization scheme, a material temperature detection device and a material moisture content detection device are connected to the sealing end cover; and the steam pipeline is connected with a steam pressure detection device and a steam flow detection device.
As an optimized scheme, the heating jacket is sleeved with a heat preservation wall, and high-temperature protection plates are arranged on two sides of the equipment base.
As an optimization scheme, the top of the feeding channel is provided with a maintenance inlet.
In addition, the invention also provides a system for resourcefully treating the dining table residual food, which comprises the integrated equipment for resourcefully treating the dining table residual food provided by the invention.
The invention also aims to provide a resourceful treatment method for the dining table residual food, which comprises the following steps:
charging: filling the enzymolysis cylinder with the residual solid food dregs on the dining table;
high-temperature heating and stirring: starting a rotary stirring shaft to stir the materials in a rotating manner, simultaneously introducing high-temperature steam into a heating jacket and the rotary stirring shaft to heat the materials at a high temperature, when the difference value between the required steam quantity T and the actually heated and introduced steam total quantity R is smaller than a threshold value beta when the materials are heated to the required temperature according to the heat efficiency estimation of the dining table residual food resource treatment integrated equipment, namely T-R is smaller than or equal to beta, the steam supply quantity is gradually reduced, and when the material heating temperature reaches the sterilization set temperature, the introduction of the high-temperature steam is stopped; meanwhile, the drainage device intermittently discharges condensed water in the rotary stirring shaft and the enzymolysis cylinder; the total amount R of the high-temperature steam introduced into the heating jacket and the rotary stirring shaft meets the following formula:
R＝k 1 V i1 u 1 t 1 +(1-k 1 )V i2 u 1 t 2 ；
wherein,K 1 the action rate of the heating jacket is constant; v i1 Steam usage of the heating jacket; v i2 Rotating the steam consumption of the stirring shaft; u1 represents the weight of food residue on the dining table; t1, t2 is the loss constant.
Heat preservation, pressure maintaining and sterilization: controlling the temperature in the enzymolysis cylinder to be kept between 100 and 120 ℃, setting the sterilization time to be between 30 and 40min, and sterilizing the materials;
pressure relief: after the slow pressure relief valve is controlled to relieve pressure for a set time, starting a vacuumizing exhaust valve to quickly relieve pressure of the enzymolysis barrel;
vacuumizing and cooling: starting vacuum-pumping equipment to rapidly vacuumize and cool the solid residues, and controlling the temperature in the enzymolysis cylinder to be kept at 60-70 ℃;
material enzymolysis: let in the air to reaching atmospheric pressure to the enzymolysis barrel through the aeration hole, add enzymolysis microbial inoculum and enzymolysis adjustment auxiliary material in proportion to the material, the air input through dynamic control enzymolysis aeration equipment and the discharge of gas of evacuation blast pipe to required oxygen consumption OUR and production of heat Q in the control enzymolysis in-process unit time, the required oxygen consumption OUR of enzymolysis satisfies following formula: OUR ═ V (C) OUT -C in ) Unit mol/s, where V is the total intake air quantity and C in Oxygen concentration of aeration apparatus, C out For exhaust pipe oxygen concentration, the generated heat Q satisfies the formula: q (-460kj)/mol × OUR; wherein, -460kj/mol is the heat generated by oxygen consumption of the microbial inoculum.
Drying materials: stopping introducing air, vacuumizing the enzymolysis barrel, introducing high-temperature steam into the enzymolysis barrel and the heating jacket again, heating and drying the material according to the set water content value of the material, and stopping introducing the high-temperature steam when the water content of the material is close to the set value;
discharging: after the slow pressure relief valve is started to relieve pressure for a set time, the vacuumizing exhaust valve is started to relieve pressure quickly, when the pressure in the cylinder reaches atmospheric pressure, the discharging channel is opened to discharge, and the subsequent procedures are carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the integrated equipment for resourceful treatment of the dining table residual food provided by the invention has a compact structure and comprehensive functions, can integrate multiple functions of sterilization, disinfection, cooling, enzymolysis and drying into a whole, is sequentially completed on the same equipment, has the effects of short treatment time, energy conservation and consumption reduction, and improves the treatment efficiency of the dining table residual food.
The recycling treatment system for the dining table residual food can effectively and automatically control the operation of the recycling treatment integrated equipment for the dining table residual food in real time, realize the efficient utilization of energy, reduce energy consumption, realize the accurate control of oxygen supply at each stage and improve the efficiency and effect of treating the dining table residual food.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the integrated equipment for recycling the food remained on the dining table of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an enzymatic aeration apparatus of the integrated equipment for recycling treatment of the food remained on the dining table of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a recycling method for food remaining on a dining table according to the present invention;
wherein,
1-equipment base, 2-enzymolysis barrel, 3-rotary stirring shaft, 4-rotary driving device, 5-sealing end cover, 6-enzymolysis aeration device, 7-feeding channel, 8-vacuumizing exhaust pipe, 9-vacuumizing exhaust valve, 10-slow pressure relief valve, 11-enzymolysis feeding port, 12-feeding pipeline, 13-discharging channel, 14-first water discharging port, 15-water discharging device, 16-heating jacket, 17-second air inlet, 18-second water discharging port, 19-rotary joint, 20-air inlet hose, 21-water discharging hose, 22-steam pipeline, 23-air inlet silencer, 24-material temperature detecting device, 25-material moisture content detecting device, 26-steam pressure detecting device, and the like, 27-a steam flow detection device, 28-a maintenance inlet, 29-a high-temperature protection plate,
31-stirring paddle, 311-rake rod, 312-rake blade,
41-discharge electric valve, 42-automatic drainage trap, 43-charging regulating valve, 44-gas inlet control valve, 45-steam control valve, 46-charging control valve, 47-main shaft steam valve,
61-outer cover, 62-aeration pipe, 611-upper cover, 612-lower cover and 613-aeration hole.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, in order to facilitate the technical solution of the present invention for those skilled in the art to understand, further description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the overall structure of the integrated equipment for recycling the dining table residual food is schematically shown, the whole equipment can be controlled by a program through a PLC control system and a plurality of control valves, all work processes are automatically controlled, relevant parameters such as heating temperature, material moisture content, working time and the like can be digitally displayed and stored through a PLC controller, and the whole process of recycling treatment from automatic loading, rapid heating and warming, heat preservation and pressure maintaining sterilization, automatic pressure relief, vacuum pumping and cooling, automatic addition of enzymolysis agents, solid residue enzymolysis, automatic drying to automatic discharging of the dining table residual food can be realized.
As shown in fig. 1, the integrated equipment for recycling the dining table residual food comprises an equipment base 1, an enzymolysis cylinder 2 is fixedly arranged on the equipment base 1, the enzymolysis cylinder 2 is of a horizontal cylindrical structure, and a rotary stirring shaft 3 penetrates through the enzymolysis cylinder 2 and is used for stirring the materials in the enzymolysis cylinder 2 to prevent the materials from being adhered to the inner wall of the cylinder. The enzymolysis barrel 2 is stretched out and is passed through bearing frame and equipment base 1 fixed connection at the both ends of rotatory (mixing) shaft 3, is provided with rotary driving device 4 on the equipment base 1, and rotary driving device 4 cooperation is connected at the first end of rotatory (mixing) shaft 3 for the rotatory material in order to stir the enzymolysis barrel 2 of rotatory (mixing) shaft 3.
Be equipped with end cover 5 at the both ends of enzymolysis barrel 2, the inner wall of end cover 5 is equipped with enzymolysis aeration equipment 6, and enzymolysis aeration equipment 6 is used for letting in fresh air in to the barrel to provide good environment for the enzymolysis of material.
One side of the top of the enzymolysis barrel body 2 is provided with a feeding channel 7, a feeding pipeline is arranged at the feeding channel 7 and is connected with a feeding electric valve 46, and the feeding electric valve is connected with a bin pipeline and used for automatically controlling feeding of materials. Pan feeding passageway 7 one side is connected with evacuation equipment through evacuation blast pipe 8, is equipped with evacuation discharge valve 9 and slow relief valve 10 on the evacuation blast pipe 8 respectively, and slow relief valve 10 cross-over connection is in evacuation discharge valve 9 both sides, thereby the speed of regulation when the pressure release that the two are parallelly connected can be better. In some embodiments, the top of the inlet channel 7 is provided with a service inlet 28. The top opposite side of enzymolysis barrel 2 is equipped with enzymolysis charge door 11 for add enzymolysis microbial inoculum and enzymolysis adjustment auxiliary material in to enzymolysis barrel 2 through the external feeding equipment of charging pipeline 12, the first air inlet of a plurality of is still evenly arranged at the top of enzymolysis barrel 2, be used for importing high-temperature steam in to the barrel through steam conduit 22, provide the energy for the high temperature heating, bottom one side of enzymolysis barrel 2 is equipped with discharging channel 13, discharging channel 13 can be connected with one process next, be used for transmitting the material that the processing was accomplished to next process pipeline. The bottom of the enzymolysis barrel 2 is also provided with a plurality of first water discharge ports 14, and the first water discharge ports 14 are connected with a water discharge device 15 and used for discharging condensed water generated in the barrel. The drainage device 15 in this embodiment includes a drain pipe and an automatic drainage trap 42 connected to the end of the drain pipe, wherein the automatic drainage trap 42 can automatically control the drainage of condensed water to block the passage of hot steam. Be equipped with heating jacket 16 at the main part outer wall of enzymolysis barrel 2, be equipped with the cavity that lets in the heat conduction material in the heating jacket 16 for heat the material in the enzymolysis barrel 2, can let in saturated high temperature steam in the heating jacket 16 in this embodiment, be used for heating the material in the enzymolysis barrel 2. In this embodiment, saturated high-temperature steam is taken as an example for explanation, and certainly, heat conduction oil may be introduced into the heating jacket 16, which is not described herein.
In the specific implementation process, the outer jacket of the enzymolysis cylinder 2 bears positive pressure, and the inner cylinder of the enzymolysis cylinder 2 needs to bear alternating positive and negative pressure loads in the working process, so the requirements of the enzymolysis cylinder 2 in the aspects of pressure resistance, rigidity and strength need to be fully considered in the design process. In addition, because the material sent into the enzymolysis cylinder 2 has certain corrosiveness, the inner cylinder of the enzymolysis cylinder 2 is made of S30408 stainless steel. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the possibility of material adhesion, the inner surface of the enzymolysis barrel 2 needs to be polished during manufacturing.
In this embodiment, the main part position of rotatory (mixing) shaft 3 is hollow tubular structure, therefore the main part position of rotatory (mixing) shaft 3 can let in saturated high temperature steam, realizes carrying out rapid heating to the material when the stirring, has improved the efficiency of heating. A second air inlet 17 and a second water outlet 18 are arranged at the second end part of the rotary stirring shaft 3, namely the left side of fig. 1, a rotary joint 19 is sleeved outside the second air inlet 17 and the second water outlet 18, a connector used for being connected with the second air inlet 17 and the second water outlet 18 in a matching way is arranged on the rotary joint 19, the rotary end of the rotary joint 19 can rotate with the rotary stirring shaft 3 at the same time, the outer body is kept fixed and does not rotate, an air inlet hose 20 and a water outlet hose 21 are correspondingly connected to the two connectors on the rotary joint 19 respectively, the air inlet hose 20 is connected with a steam pipeline 22, and a spindle steam valve 47 is arranged on the air inlet hose 20 and used for inputting high-temperature steam into the rotary stirring shaft 3. The drain hose 21 is connected to the drain device 15 for draining the condensed water generated in the rotary stirring shaft 3.
Please continue to refer to fig. 1, in this embodiment, a plurality of groups of stirring blades 31 are uniformly arranged on the main body portion of the rotating stirring shaft 3, and two adjacent groups of stirring blades 31 are dislocated by 30 ° when connected with the main body portion, each group includes four stirring blades 31 circumferentially arranged on the main shaft, and two stirring blades 31 are vertically arranged in space, the groups of stirring blades 31 dislocated with each other are uniformly arranged on the rotating stirring shaft 3, and when rotating, the materials can be stirred more comprehensively and uniformly, so as to achieve sufficient mixing of the materials.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the stirring paddle 31 is in the form of a paddle, and includes a rake lever 311 and a rake blade 312, the rake lever 311 is fixedly connected to the main body portion of the rotating stirring shaft 3, and the rake blade 312 is connected to the end portion of the rake lever 311.
Referring to fig. 2, which is a schematic structural view of the enzymatic hydrolysis and aeration device of the integrated equipment for recycling the food remained on the dining table, according to the present invention, the enzymatic hydrolysis and aeration device 6 includes an outer cover 61 and an aeration pipe 62, the outer cover 61 is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the end cap 5, the outer cover 61 includes an upper cover 611 and a lower cover 612 which are hermetically connected with each other, an air flow cavity is formed therebetween, and an angle of 45 ° is formed between the lower cover 612 and the inner wall of the end cap 5 in the vertical direction. A plurality of aeration holes 613 distributed in a fan shape are formed in the panel of the lower cover 612, and the aeration holes 613 penetrate through the sealing end cover 5 in a sealing manner to be connected with an air supply device for introducing air into the enzymolysis cylinder 2. In this embodiment, the aeration holes 613 adopt fan-shaped air distribution to scatter and distribute air, and meanwhile, the angle of the aeration holes 613 integrally forms an angle of 45 degrees with the material in the vertical direction, so that the aeration holes 613 can blow air downwards, and simultaneously the air flow can be maximized to cover the surface of the material, thereby reducing odor emission. The device adopts micro aerobic enzymolysis, the consumed air amount is very small, so the generated waste gas amount is also very small, and the energy consumption for removing the odor is reduced.
In the specific implementation process, the air inlet silencer 23 can be connected to the aeration pipe 62, so that noise interference generated in the aeration process can be reduced.
In addition, in this embodiment, be connected with material temperature detection device 24 and material moisture content detection device 25 on the end cover 5, material temperature detection device 24 and material moisture content detection device 25 respectively with PLC controller electric connection for detect the moisture content of material temperature and material in the barrel respectively, thereby provide data support for PLC's effective control. Similarly, a steam pressure detection device 26 and a steam flow detection device 27 are connected to the steam pipeline 22 for monitoring the steam pressure value and the steam flow in the enzymolysis barrel 2 and the rotary stirring shaft 3, thereby realizing digital monitoring of resources.
In this embodiment, the heating jacket is externally sleeved with a heat preservation wall. The heat-insulating wall is used for insulating the heating jacket 16, the enzymolysis cylinder 2 and related devices, and comprises a steam pipeline 22 and the like.
In addition, in order to prevent the damage to human bodies caused by high-temperature gas leakage due to accidents and equipment faults, high-temperature protection plates 29 are arranged on two sides of the equipment base 1.
In conclusion, the integrated equipment for resourceful treatment of the dining table residual food provided by the invention has a compact structure and comprehensive functions, can integrate a plurality of functions of sterilization, disinfection, cooling, enzymolysis and drying into a whole, is sequentially completed on the same equipment, has the effects of short treatment time, energy conservation and consumption reduction, and improves the treatment efficiency of the dining table residual food. The equipment has high treatment efficiency, can treat solid residues of 8-10 tons of dining table residual food at one time, has the treatment time of about 11 hours and 16-20 tons of food per day, and has double production efficiency compared with the traditional equipment which can only treat 10 tons of food per day. The device provided by the invention has the functions of rapid heating sterilization and disinfection, and the equipment has two working modes of full-sealing and semi-sealing, and can be automatically selected and controlled according to different stages of the treatment process. In the sterilization and disinfection process, a totally-enclosed sealing mode is selected, saturated high-temperature steam or heat conducting oil is used for heating, positive pressure is generated inside the equipment cylinder, and the boiling point of water is increased, so that the temperature of the material can be quickly increased to the required temperature of more than 100 ℃, the heating time is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.
The equipment can cool down by the rapid vacuum pumping equipment, improves the cooling efficiency and can fully utilize the waste heat. Because the sterilization and disinfection temperature is generally between 100 and 120 ℃, the enzymolysis temperature is generally required to be 60 to 70 ℃, and the low-temperature enzymolysis temperature is lower, the sterilization and disinfection temperature needs to be quickly reduced. The traditional working mode is that ventilation cooling is carried out after sterilization or materials are guided into other devices for cooling, the time required by the two modes is very long, the two modes can be completed within 5-8 hours at least according to the calculation of processing 10 tons of materials at one time, and simultaneously, a large amount of heat energy is wasted. The heat energy lost from 10 tons of material, calculated as 40 degrees of temperature drop, is 1.68X 106KJ, which corresponds to the heat required to heat 4 tons of water from 0 to 100 degrees. And the heat is exchanged by special equipment. In addition, the conventional treatment method is accompanied by a large amount of odor, and the shorter the time required for cooling, the larger the amount of odor. In order to avoid the above adverse factors, the equipment adopts a vacuumizing mode to reduce the temperature. The advantage of vacuumizing to reduce the temperature is that the temperature reduction speed is high. When the high-temperature area is used, the pressure of the cylinder is positive, natural exhaust is adopted, vacuumizing is started when the atmospheric pressure is reached, and because the boiling point of water can be reduced through vacuumizing, moisture in the material is quickly evaporated to absorb a large amount of heat, so that the temperature of the material is quickly reduced. Meanwhile, the moisture in the material can be taken away by utilizing the heat of cooling, the moisture content of the material is partially reduced, the requirement on heat energy in the later drying process is reduced, and the energy consumption is saved. Finally, all the water vapor evaporated from the materials is pumped out during the vacuumizing and temperature reduction, and the quantity of the gas discharged after passing through the condensing device is far less than the gas displacement of the ventilation and temperature reduction mode, so that the device has small odor emission, and the pressure and the electric energy consumption of a deodorization system are reduced.
In addition, the equipment has two functions of anaerobic enzymolysis and aerobic enzymolysis, and can be selected according to the technological requirements of enzymolysis of different materials. When in use, all the sealing devices are closed, and then anaerobic enzymolysis can be carried out. In the enzymolysis process, an exhaust valve and an air inlet valve are opened, fresh air is introduced through an air inlet control valve 44, and the gas with low oxygen content is discharged through a vacuumizing exhaust valve 9, so that aerobic enzymolysis can be realized.
This equipment can adjust air intake of air intake system according to the oxygen content that needs when different material enzymolysis, consequently, can adapt to the enzymolysis needs of multiple material, what the adoption was when the enzymolysis of the solid sediment of dining table surplus food was good at the enzymolysis mode a little, because the make full use of oxygen, the air input significantly reduces also makes the foul smell discharge reduce, the foul smell discharge is 180m 3 Compared with the traditional equipment 2000-3000m3/h, the air intake is reduced by nearly 10 times, so that an air heating device is not required to be arranged at the air intake position, and compared with other aerobic enzymolysis equipment, a heat exchanger is not required to be installed, the requirement of heat energy is further reduced, and unnecessary waste of heat energy is further reduced.
This equipment adopts the evacuation to carry out the drying to the material, as before, has reduced the boiling point of water after the evacuation for water in the material evaporates and discharges after the vapor under low temperature. When the vacuum degree is-0.08 MPa, the boiling point of water is 60.1 ℃, and the vacuum degree is-0.06 MPa, the boiling point of water is 76 ℃, in order to accelerate the drying speed and reduce the retention time of materials in a high-temperature area, the vacuum pressure in the cylinder can reach-0.097 MPa during drying, so compared with the traditional drying mode, the drying time is obviously shortened, and the production efficiency of equipment is improved. Meanwhile, the product has less nutrient loss and better color because of adopting a low-temperature drying mode.
The integrated equipment for recycling the table leftover food can be taken as an independent part to be additionally arranged in the existing table leftover food recycling system, or the part and other table leftover food processing parts are integrated to form a new table leftover food recycling system, namely the table leftover food recycling system comprising the integrated equipment for recycling the table leftover food, so that the aim of the invention is better fulfilled. The resourceful treatment system for the dining table residual food can be composed of a Siemens PLC programmable controller system, a touch screen, a frequency converter, a remote communication gateway, independently developed control and process software and the like, and can meet the requirements of characteristic parameter input, process program storage and operation calling of materials to be treated. This control system controlgear's processes such as material loading, intensification sterilization, cooling, oxygen enzymolysis, vacuum drying, dust removal, cooling, the ejection of compact constitute, and whole processing procedure need not artificial intervention, realizes unmanned on duty completely, can control in real time, effectively, automatically the operation of integrative equipment is handled to dining table surplus food resourceful, realizes the high-efficient utilization of the energy, reduces the energy consumption, realizes the accurate control of each stage oxygen supply volume, improves the efficiency and the effect of handling dining table surplus food.
As described above, the present invention further provides a method for recycling the remaining food on the dining table, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned integrated device for recycling the remaining food on the dining table, as shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the method for recycling the remaining food on the dining table of the present invention, wherein the overall processing procedure includes the following steps: charging, high-temperature heating and stirring, heat preservation, pressure maintaining and sterilization, pressure relief, material enzymolysis, material drying and discharging. In the specific implementation process, the following mode is adopted, taking the remaining food on the dining table as an example:
charging: the sequence number feeding control valve 46 is started to open the enzymolysis barrel body 2 at a full angle, the materials rapidly enter the enzymolysis barrel body, the system control valve in the device is in a closed state at the moment, and the feeding control valve 46 is automatically closed after the enzymolysis barrel body is filled.
High-temperature heating and stirring: the rotary driving device 4 is automatically started, the rotary stirring shaft 3 starts to rotate to stir materials, and the rotating speed can be adjusted and controlled by the variable-frequency speed regulator. The steam control valve 45 is started in a delayed mode, saturated high-temperature steam enters the heating jacket 16 and the rotary stirring shaft 3, and the enzymolysis barrel body 2 and the rotary stirring shaft 3 continuously heat materials at high temperature. When the difference value between the required steam quantity T and the total quantity R of the steam which is actually heated and introduced when the materials are heated to the required temperature and estimated according to the thermal efficiency of the integrated equipment for recycling the residual food on the dining table is smaller than a threshold value beta, namely T-R is not more than beta, the steam supply quantity is gradually reduced, and when the heating temperature of the materials reaches the set temperature for sterilization and disinfection, the introduction of high-temperature steam is stopped; in specific implementation, the total amount R of high-temperature steam introduced into the heating jacket and the rotary stirring shaft meets the following formula:
R＝k 1 V i1 u 1 t 1 +(1-k 1 )V i2 u 1 t 2 ；
wherein, K 1 The action rate of the heating jacket is constant; v i1 Steam usage of the heating jacket; v i2 Rotating the steam consumption of the stirring shaft; u. of 1 The weight of the solid residue of the food left on the dining table; t is t 1 ,t 2 Is a loss constant. Through process control, the utilization efficiency of the steam quantity is ensured to the maximum extent.
Meanwhile, the drain hose 21 and the first drain port 14 automatically drain the steam condensate through the drain device 15, and in specific implementation, the automatic drain trap 42 intermittently drains the condensate into the water return pipe, so that sustainable use of resources is realized. In the process, the material temperature detection device 24 and the material moisture content detection device 25 transmit the temperature electric signal and the moisture content electric signal to the PLC controller and display the temperature electric signal and the moisture content electric signal in a digital form in real time.
Heat preservation, pressure maintaining and sterilization: when the material temperature detection device 24 detects that the material heating temperature reaches the temperature required for sterilization, in this embodiment, the material temperature is controlled by controlling steam, the material sterilization temperature is controlled at 120 ℃ and the material sterilization temperature is controlled at 100-.
Pressure relief: after satisfying the sterilization time of setting for, equipment begins to carry out the pressure release to enzymolysis barrel 2, at first starts slow relief valve 10 and carries out the pressure release, prevents mainly that the interior material of enzymolysis barrel 2 from violently boiling, after slow pressure release scheduled time, evacuation discharge valve 19 carries out quick pressure release to control pressure release time, this embodiment adopts the pressure release mode of earlier slow back is fast, can be further ensure that the material does not boil and the excessive.
Vacuumizing and cooling: the vacuumizing equipment is started to quickly vacuumize and cool the material, the temperature in the enzymolysis barrel is controlled to be kept at 60-70 ℃, the moisture in the material is evaporated by utilizing the heat in the enzymolysis barrel 2 in the vacuumizing process, so that the moisture content of the material is reduced, the waste heat is recycled in the process, and the consumption of the heat energy of the equipment is reduced.
Material enzymolysis: when the material temperature detection device 24 displays that the temperature reaches the set enzymolysis temperature, the vacuumizing device automatically stops, the air inlet control valve 44 is opened in a slow-speed stage mode, so that the pressure in the barrel and the atmospheric pressure are all the time, the whole process is opened, the feeding adjusting valve 43 is opened to add enzymolysis microbial inoculum and enzymolysis adjusting auxiliary materials into the enzymolysis barrel 2 according to the total amount of the materials in proportion, the material temperature detection device 24 always detects the temperature of the materials in the enzymolysis barrel 2 in the enzymolysis process, and the steam control valve 45 is automatically opened when the temperature is lower than the set temperature; otherwise, the steam control valve 45 is always in a closed state, and the working mode can better save heat energy. Meanwhile, during the enzymolysis process, the air inlet control valve 44 is opened to continuously supply fresh air into the enzymolysis barrel 2 through the aeration hole 613.
During specific implementation, the air input of the enzymolysis aeration device and the air output of the vacuumizing exhaust pipe are dynamically controlled to control the oxygen consumption OUR and the generated heat Q required in a unit time in the enzymolysis process, wherein the oxygen consumption OUR required by enzymolysis meets the following formula：OUR＝V(C OUT -C in ) Where V is the total intake air quantity, C in Oxygen concentration of the aeration apparatus, C out The oxygen concentration of the exhaust pipe is adopted, and in the enzymolysis process, the concentration is C out And C in When the difference is less than the set value alpha, the stirring intensity needs to be increased so that more microorganisms contact oxygen. The generated heat Q satisfies the formula: q (-460kj)/mol × OUR; wherein-460 kj/mol is the heat generated by unit microbial inoculum oxygen consumption, and the heat Q generated in the enzymolysis process is reasonably utilized to ensure the required constant temperature in the enzymolysis process in the equipment.
Drying materials: closing the serial number air inlet control valve 44 to stop introducing air, starting the vacuumizing equipment to vacuumize the enzymolysis barrel 2 again, starting the steam control valve 45 to enable saturated high-temperature steam to enter the heating jacket 16 and the rotary stirring shaft 3 again to reheat the material so as to achieve a drying effect, wherein in the drying process, the material moisture content detection device 25 detects the change of the moisture content in real time, and in the concrete implementation, when the material moisture content detection device 25 detects that the moisture content reaches 15-16%, the steam control valve 45 is closed, at the moment, the steam waste heat in the heating jacket 16 is beneficial to continuously heating, so that the heat energy is saved, and when the material moisture content reaches a set value, such as 12.5%, the vacuumizing equipment stops.
Discharging: after the slow-speed pressure release valve 10 is started again to release the pressure for the set time, the vacuumizing exhaust valve 9 is started to release the pressure quickly, when the pressure in the barrel reaches the atmospheric pressure, the discharging electric valve 41 is started, the discharging channel discharges the material, the material is output to the feed post-treatment process, and therefore the process flow of the resource treatment of the residual food on the dining table is completed.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Integrative equipment for resourceful treatment of dining table residual food is controlled by a program through a PLC (programmable logic controller) control system, and is characterized by comprising an equipment base (1), wherein an enzymolysis barrel body (2) is fixedly arranged on the equipment base (1), a rotary stirring shaft (3) penetrates through the enzymolysis barrel body (2), two ends of the rotary stirring shaft (3) extend out and are fixedly connected with the equipment base (1) through a bearing seat, a rotary driving device (4) is arranged on the equipment base (1), and the rotary driving device (4) is connected to a first end part of the rotary stirring shaft (3) in a matching manner and used for driving the rotary stirring shaft (3) to rotate so as to stir materials in the enzymolysis barrel body (2); wherein,
sealing end covers (5) are arranged at two ends of the enzymolysis barrel body (2), and an enzymolysis aeration device (6) is arranged on the inner wall of each sealing end cover (5); a feeding channel (7) is arranged on one side of the top of the enzymolysis barrel body (2) and is used for being connected with a bin pipeline; one side of the feeding channel (7) is connected with a vacuumizing device through a vacuumizing exhaust pipe (8), a vacuumizing exhaust valve (9) and a slow-speed pressure release valve (10) are respectively arranged on the vacuumizing exhaust pipe (8), and the slow-speed pressure release valve (10) is bridged on two sides of the vacuumizing exhaust valve (9); an enzymolysis feeding port (11) is formed in the other side of the top of the enzymolysis barrel body (2) and used for being externally connected with feeding equipment through a feeding pipeline (12), and a plurality of first air inlets are uniformly distributed in the top of the enzymolysis barrel body and used for inputting high-temperature steam into the barrel body through a steam pipeline (22); a discharge channel (13) is arranged on one side of the bottom of the enzymolysis barrel body (2) and is used for being connected with a pipeline in the next process; the bottom of the enzymolysis barrel body (2) is also provided with a plurality of first water discharging ports (14), and the first water discharging ports (14) are connected with a water discharging device (15) and used for discharging condensed water generated in the barrel body; a heating jacket (16) is arranged on the outer wall of the main body of the enzymolysis barrel body (2), and a cavity for introducing heat conduction materials is formed in the heating jacket (16) and is used for heating the materials in the enzymolysis barrel body (2);
the main body part of the rotary stirring shaft (3) is of a hollow tubular structure, a second air inlet (17) and a second water outlet (18) are arranged at the second end part of the rotary stirring shaft, a rotary joint (19) is sleeved outside the second air inlet (17) and the second water outlet (18), the rotary joint (19) is provided with interfaces which are matched and connected with the second air inlet (17) and the second water outlet (18), an air inlet hose (20) and a water outlet hose (21) are correspondingly connected to the two interfaces, and the air inlet hose (20) is connected with the steam pipeline (22) and used for inputting high-temperature steam into the rotary stirring shaft (3); the drainage hose (21) is connected with the drainage device (15) and is used for draining condensed water generated in the rotary stirring shaft (3).
2. The integrative equipment of dining table surplus food resourceful treatment of claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of stirring paddle sets (31) are evenly arranged at the main body part of the rotary stirring shaft (3), and two adjacent stirring paddle sets (31) are staggered by 30 degrees when being connected with the main body part, each stirring paddle set comprises four stirring paddle sets (31) which are arranged on the main shaft in a surrounding manner, and every two stirring paddle sets (31) are vertically arranged in space.
3. The integrated equipment for resource treatment of dining table leftover food according to claim 2, wherein the stirring paddle (31) comprises a rake rod (311) and a rake blade (312), the rake rod (311) is fixedly connected with the main body part of the rotating stirring shaft (3), and the rake blade (312) is connected with the end part of the rake rod (311).
4. The integrated equipment for recycling leftover food at dining tables according to claim 1, wherein the enzymolysis aeration device (6) comprises an outer cover (61) and an aeration pipe (62), the outer cover (61) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the sealing end cover (5), the outer cover (61) comprises an upper cover cap (611) and a lower cover cap (612) which are hermetically connected with each other, an air flow cavity is formed between the upper cover cap and the lower cover cap, and an angle of 45 degrees is formed between the lower cover cap (612) and the inner wall of the sealing end cover (5) in the vertical direction; a plurality of aeration holes (613) distributed in a fan shape are arranged on the panel of the lower cover (612); the aeration pipe (613) penetrates out of the sealing end cover (5) in a sealing way to be connected with an air supply device, and is used for introducing air into the enzymolysis barrel body (2).
5. The integrated equipment for resource utilization of the leftover food at the dining table as claimed in claim 4, wherein an air inlet silencer (23) is connected to the aeration pipe (62).
6. The integrated equipment for recycling the dining table leftover food as claimed in claim 1, wherein a material temperature detection device (24) and a material moisture content detection device (25) are connected to the sealing end cover (5); the steam pipeline (22) is connected with a steam pressure detection device (26) and a steam flow detection device (27).
7. The integrated equipment for recycling leftover food at dining tables according to claim 1, wherein the heating jacket (16) is externally sleeved with a heat-insulating wall, and the two sides of the equipment base (1) are provided with high-temperature protection plates (29).
8. The integrated equipment for recycling food residues at dining tables according to claim 1, wherein the top of the feeding channel (7) is provided with a service entrance (28).
9. A recycling system for leftover food at a dining table, comprising the integrated recycling device for leftover food at a dining table of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The method for recycling the dining table residual food, which is implemented by adopting the integrated equipment for recycling the dining table residual food as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
charging: filling the enzymolysis cylinder with the residual solid food dregs on the dining table;
high-temperature heating and stirring: starting a rotary stirring shaft to stir the materials in a rotating manner, simultaneously introducing high-temperature steam into a heating jacket and the rotary stirring shaft to heat the materials at a high temperature, when the difference value between the required steam quantity T and the actually heated and introduced steam total quantity R is smaller than a threshold value beta when the materials are heated to the required temperature according to the estimation of the thermal efficiency of the dining table residual food solid residue recycling treatment integrated equipment, namely T-R is smaller than or equal to beta, gradually reducing the steam supply quantity, and stopping introducing the high-temperature steam when the material heating temperature reaches the sterilization set temperature; meanwhile, the drainage device intermittently discharges condensed water in the rotary stirring shaft and the enzymolysis cylinder; the total amount R of the high-temperature steam introduced into the heating jacket and the rotary stirring shaft meets the following formula:
R＝k 1 V i1 u 1 t 1 +(1-k 1 )V i2 u 1 t 2 ；
wherein, K 1 The action rate of the heating jacket is constant; v i1 Steam usage of the heating jacket; v i2 Rotating the steam consumption of the stirring shaft; u. u 1 The weight of the solid residue of the food left on the dining table; t is t 1 ,t 2 Is a loss constant.
Heat preservation, pressure maintaining and sterilization: controlling the temperature in the enzymolysis cylinder to be kept between 100 and 120 ℃, setting the sterilization time to be between 30 and 40min, and sterilizing the materials;
pressure relief: after the slow pressure relief valve is controlled to relieve pressure for a set time, starting a vacuumizing exhaust valve to quickly relieve pressure of the enzymolysis barrel;
vacuumizing and cooling: starting vacuum-pumping equipment to rapidly vacuumize and cool the material, and controlling the temperature in the enzymolysis cylinder to be kept at 60-70 ℃;
material enzymolysis: let in the air to reaching atmospheric pressure to the enzymolysis barrel through the aeration hole, add enzymolysis microbial inoculum and enzymolysis adjustment auxiliary material in proportion to the material, the air input through dynamic control enzymolysis aeration equipment and the discharge of gas of evacuation blast pipe to required oxygen consumption OUR and production of heat Q in the control enzymolysis in-process unit time, the required oxygen consumption OUR of enzymolysis satisfies following formula: OUR ═ V (C) OUT -C in ) Where V is the total intake air quantity, C in Oxygen concentration of aeration apparatus, C out For exhaust pipe oxygen concentration, the generated heat Q satisfies the formula: q (-460kj)/mol × OUR; wherein, -460kj/mol is the heat generated by oxygen consumption of the microbial inoculum.
Drying materials: stopping introducing air, vacuumizing the enzymolysis barrel, introducing high-temperature steam into the enzymolysis barrel and the heating jacket again, heating and drying the material according to the set solid slag water content value, and stopping introducing the high-temperature steam when the water content of the material is close to the set value;
discharging: after the slow pressure relief valve is started to relieve pressure for a set time, the vacuumizing exhaust valve is started to relieve pressure quickly, when the pressure in the cylinder reaches atmospheric pressure, the discharging channel is opened to discharge, and the subsequent procedures are carried out.
CN202210547454.5A 2022-05-18 2022-05-18 Integrated equipment, processing method and system for resourceful treatment of dining table residual food Pending CN114907967A (en)

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