CN114899486B - A non-aqueous electrolyte containing pyridine, a preparation method thereof, and a sodium battery - Google Patents
A non-aqueous electrolyte containing pyridine, a preparation method thereof, and a sodium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114899486B CN114899486B CN202210543565.9A CN202210543565A CN114899486B CN 114899486 B CN114899486 B CN 114899486B CN 202210543565 A CN202210543565 A CN 202210543565A CN 114899486 B CN114899486 B CN 114899486B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含吡啶的非水电解液，包括钠盐、非水有机溶剂和添加剂，所述添加剂为吡啶或乙酰基吡啶，添加剂的重量百分比含量为0.5‑2.0wt％。乙酰基吡啶为4‑乙酰吡啶或3‑乙酰吡啶，钠盐的浓度为1M。本发明采用上述含吡啶的非水电解液及其制备方法及钠电池，能够解决现有的纳金属电池中金属钠易形成枝晶，导致库伦效率低、充放电次数少的问题。
The invention discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte containing pyridine, comprising a sodium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive is pyridine or acetyl pyridine, and the weight percentage content of the additive is 0.5-2.0wt%. The acetyl pyridine is 4-acetyl pyridine or 3-acetyl pyridine, and the concentration of the sodium salt is 1M. The present invention adopts the non-aqueous electrolyte containing pyridine, a preparation method thereof and a sodium battery, and can solve the problem that metallic sodium in the existing nano-metal battery is easy to form dendrites, resulting in low coulomb efficiency and few charge and discharge times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sodium batteries, in particular to a non-aqueous electrolyte containing pyridine, a preparation method thereof and a sodium battery.
Background
With the development of high-power electronic devices such as electric automobiles, it has been difficult for conventional batteries to meet the energy density requirements thereof. Sodium metal anode cells with high theoretical capacity (1161 mAhg-1), high reserves, outstanding low temperature performance are considered to be next generation cells with a wide range of application potential. However, metallic sodium tends to form dendrites to break in repeated deposition stripping and to react with the electrolyte to form inactive sodium, thereby reducing coulombic efficiency. These problems severely limit the application of sodium metal batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte containing pyridine, which solves the problems of low coulomb efficiency and less charge and discharge times caused by the fact that metal sodium in the existing nano-metal battery is easy to form dendrite. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a pyridine-containing nonaqueous electrolyte and a sodium battery containing the pyridine-containing nonaqueous electrolyte.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte containing pyridine, which comprises sodium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive is pyridine or acetyl pyridine, and the weight percentage of the additive is 0.5-2.0wt%;
Pyridine has the structural formula of The acetyl pyridine is 4-acetyl pyridine or 3-acetyl pyridine, and the structural formula of the 4-acetyl pyridine isThe structural formula of the 3-acetylpyridine is
Preferably, the concentration of the sodium salt is 1M, and the sodium salt is NaPF6、NaClO4、NaN(SO2CF3)2、NaN(SO2C2F5)2、NaC(SO2CF3)3 or NaN (one or a mixture of several of SO 2F)2).
Preferably, the nonaqueous organic solvent is a mixture of cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate, the volume ratio of the cyclic carbonate to the chain carbonate is 3:7-7:3, the cyclic carbonate is one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or butylene carbonate, and the chain carbonate is one or more of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate or methyl propyl carbonate.
The preparation method of the pyridine-containing nonaqueous electrolyte comprises the following steps:
s1, in a glove box, weighing a proper amount of sodium salt with H 2O<0.1ppm,O2 being less than 0.1ppm, and dissolving the sodium salt in a nonaqueous organic solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium salt is 1M, so as to obtain a substrate electrolyte;
S2, adding an additive with the mass percentage of 0.5-2.0wt% into the substrate electrolyte, wherein the additive is pyridine or acetyl pyridine, and stirring uniformly to obtain the non-aqueous electrolyte containing pyridine.
A sodium battery containing pyridine-containing nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the preparation method comprises a battery shell, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the diaphragm and the electrolyte are positioned in the battery shell.
Preferably, the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material positioned on the positive electrode current collector, wherein the positive electrode material comprises a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material is one or a mixture of more than one of Na 3V2(PO4)3、Na3V2(PO4)2O2 F and Prussian blue.
Preferably, the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material positioned on the negative electrode current collector, wherein the negative electrode material is one or a mixture of a plurality of graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, silicon carbon composite material, silicon oxygen carbon composite material, metallic sodium and metallic sodium alloy.
Preferably, the separator is one or more of polyolefin porous membrane, non-woven fabric, fiber coating, ceramic coating, inorganic solid electrolyte coating.
According to the pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte, the preparation method thereof and the sodium battery, disclosed by the invention, the additive contains the acetyl group with electron withdrawing, so that the cation solvation structure can be regulated in the electrolyte, and the energy barrier of anions participating in a solid electrolyte interface phase (SEI) is reduced, thereby promoting the salt to degrade on the surface of a metal anode to generate the SEI rich in sodium fluoride NaF, having high mechanical strength and high surface energy, being beneficial to inhibiting the growth of sodium dendrites and improving the cycle efficiency of the battery. The acetyl pyridine additive can also form a high-stability cathode electrolyte interface phase (CEI), and the stability, multiplying power and other performances of the battery are improved, so that the overall performance of the battery is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric battery prepared by implementing electrolyte 1 of a sodium battery and a preparation method thereof by adopting a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric battery prepared by using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte, a preparation method thereof and an implementation electrolyte 2 of the sodium battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric battery prepared by using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte, a preparation method thereof and an implementation electrolyte 3 of the sodium battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric cell prepared from an electrolyte 4 of a sodium cell and a method for preparing the same using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric battery prepared by using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte, a preparation method thereof and an implementation electrolyte 5 of the sodium battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric cell prepared from an electrolyte solution 6 for implementing a sodium cell and a method for preparing the same using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric cell prepared from an electrolyte 7 of a sodium cell and a method for preparing the same using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric cell prepared with a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte, a method of preparing the same, and a comparative electrolyte 1 of the sodium cell according to the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the cycle performance of a full cell prepared by using the electrolyte 1 for implementing a pyridine-containing nonaqueous electrolyte and a preparation method thereof and the electrolyte 1 for a sodium cell according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The non-aqueous electrolyte containing pyridine comprises sodium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive is pyridine or acetyl pyridine, and the weight percentage of the additive is 0.5-2.0wt%.
Pyridine has the structural formula ofThe acetyl pyridine is 4-acetyl pyridine or 3-acetyl pyridine, and the structural formula of the 4-acetyl pyridine isThe structural formula of the 3-acetylpyridine is
The additive contains acetyl groups with electron withdrawing, can adjust a cation solvation structure in electrolyte, and reduces energy barriers of anions participating in solid electrolyte interface phases (SEI), so that salt is promoted to degrade on the surface of a metal anode to generate SEI rich in sodium fluoride NaF, the additive has high mechanical strength and high surface energy, and is favorable for inhibiting the growth of sodium dendrites and improving the cycle efficiency of a battery. The acetyl pyridine additive can also form a high-stability cathode electrolyte interface phase (CEI), and the stability, multiplying power and other performances of the battery are improved, so that the overall performance of the battery is improved.
The concentration of sodium salt is 1M, and sodium salt is NaPF6、NaClO4、NaN(SO2CF3)2、NaN(SO2C2F5)2、NaC(SO2CF3)3 or NaN (one or a mixture of several of SO 2F)2).
The nonaqueous organic solvent is a mixture of cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate, the volume ratio of the cyclic carbonate to the chain carbonate is 3:7-7:3, the cyclic carbonate is one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or butylene carbonate, and the chain carbonate is one or more of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate or methyl propyl carbonate. The mixed solution of the cyclic carbonate organic solvent with high dielectric constant and the chain carbonate organic solvent with low viscosity is used as the solvent of the electrolyte of the sodium ion battery, so that the mixed solution of the organic solvent has high ionic conductivity, high dielectric constant and low viscosity.
The preparation method of the pyridine-containing nonaqueous electrolyte comprises the following steps:
s1, in a glove box, weighing a proper amount of sodium salt with H 2O<0.1ppm,O2 being less than 0.1ppm, and dissolving the sodium salt in a nonaqueous organic solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium salt is 1M, so as to obtain a substrate electrolyte;
S2, adding an additive with the mass percentage of 0.5-2.0wt% into the substrate electrolyte, wherein the additive is pyridine or acetyl pyridine, and stirring uniformly to obtain the non-aqueous electrolyte containing pyridine.
A sodium battery containing pyridine-containing nonaqueous electrolyte prepared by the preparation method comprises a battery shell, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the diaphragm and the electrolyte are positioned in the battery shell.
The positive electrode comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material positioned on the positive electrode current collector, wherein the positive electrode material comprises a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material is one or a mixture of any of Na 3V2(PO4)3、Na3V2(PO4)2O2 F and Prussian blue.
The negative electrode comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material positioned on the negative electrode current collector, wherein the negative electrode material is one or a mixture of a plurality of graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, silicon carbon composite material, silicon oxygen carbon composite material, metallic sodium and metallic sodium alloy.
The separator is one or more of polyolefin porous membrane, non-woven fabric, fiber coating, ceramic coating and inorganic solid electrolyte coating.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below through the attached drawings and the embodiments.
Example 1
In a glove box (H 2O<0.1ppm,O2 <0.1 ppm), an appropriate amount of sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF 6) was weighed and dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solution to obtain a base electrolyte.
Sodium hexafluorophosphate with a sodium salt concentration of 1M;
A nonaqueous organic solvent, a mixed solvent of Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) =1:1 (v: v);
and adding a compound shown as 4-acetylpyridine with the mass fraction of 1.0wt% into the base electrolyte, and uniformly stirring to obtain the implementation electrolyte 1.
Example 2
An electrolyte was prepared by the method described in example 1, except that pyridine was added to the base electrolyte in an amount of 1.0wt% to obtain an implementation electrolyte 2.
Example 3
An electrolyte was prepared by the method described in example 1, except that 3-acetylpyridine was added to the base electrolyte in a mass fraction of 1.0wt% to obtain an implementation electrolyte 3.
Example 4
An electrolyte was prepared by the method described in example 1, except that 4-acetylpyridine was added to the base electrolyte in an amount of 0.5wt% to obtain an implementation electrolyte 4.
Example 5
An electrolyte was prepared by the method described in example 1, except that 4-acetylpyridine was added to the base electrolyte in an amount of 2.0wt% to obtain an implementation electrolyte 5.
Example 6
An electrolyte was prepared by the method described in example 1, except that the mixed solvent ratio of Ethylene Carbonate (EC) to diethyl carbonate (DEC) in the base electrolyte was 3:7 (v: v), to obtain an implementation electrolyte 6.
Example 7
An electrolyte was prepared by the method described in example 1, except that the mixed solvent ratio of Ethylene Carbonate (EC) to diethyl carbonate (DEC) in the base electrolyte was 7:3 (v: v), to obtain an implementation electrolyte 7.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example a base electrolyte prepared by the method described in example 1 was used as a comparative electrolyte 1.
Sodium batteries were prepared using the above-described implementation electrolytes 1-7 and comparative electrolyte 1.
The sodium battery preparation method comprises the following steps:
And (3) in a glove box (H 2O<0.1ppm,O2 <0.1 ppm), sequentially assembling the positive electrode shell, the sodium sheet, the electrolyte, the diaphragm, the electrolyte, the sodium sheet, the stainless steel gasket and the negative electrode shell from bottom to top, and then transferring to a tablet press for punching and packaging to obtain the manufactured sodium symmetric battery.
And (3) in a glove box (H 2O<0.1ppm,O2 is less than 0.1 ppm), sequentially assembling the positive electrode shell, FNVP pole piece, electrolyte, diaphragm, electrolyte, sodium sheet, stainless steel gasket, spring piece and negative electrode shell from bottom to top, and then transferring to a tablet press for punching and packaging to obtain the finished full battery.
The assembled battery was subjected to electrochemical performance testing using a new wire test apparatus. The method comprises the steps of taking a sodium sheet as an anode and a cathode, assembling the sodium sheet into a sodium symmetrical battery for constant current charge and discharge test, taking the sodium sheet as the cathode, taking FNVP (Na 3V2(PO4)2O2 F) as an anode active material, and matching and assembling the sodium sheet into a full battery for constant current charge and discharge test.
Fig. 1 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric battery prepared by using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte and a preparation method thereof and a sodium battery implementation electrolyte 1 of the present invention, fig. 2 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric battery prepared by using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte and a preparation method thereof and a sodium battery implementation electrolyte 2 of the present invention, fig. 3 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric battery prepared by using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte and a preparation method thereof and a sodium battery implementation electrolyte 3 of the present invention, and fig. 8 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric battery prepared by using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte and a preparation method thereof and a sodium battery comparison electrolyte 1 of the present invention. As shown, the sodium symmetric cell prepared with electrolyte 1 can make the cell still less polarized after more than 360 hours of cycle, the sodium symmetric cell prepared with electrolyte 2 can make the cell still less polarized after more than 120 hours of cycle, and the sodium symmetric cell prepared with electrolyte 3 can make the cell still less polarized after more than 150 hours of cycle. The sodium symmetric cell prepared with comparative electrolyte 1 showed severe polarization after 100 hours of cycling. Therefore, the 4-acetylpyridine is added into the electrolyte, so that the cycle life of the sodium symmetric battery can be effectively prolonged. The addition of 3-acetylpyridine or pyridine to the electrolyte slightly improves the cycle life of the sodium symmetric cell.
Fig. 4 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric battery prepared by using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte and a preparation method thereof and an implementation electrolyte 4 of a sodium battery according to the present invention, and fig. 5 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric battery prepared by using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte and a preparation method thereof and an implementation electrolyte 5 of a sodium battery according to the present invention. As shown, the polarization is still small after the sodium symmetric cell cycle in electrolyte 4 is performed for more than 180 hours, and the cycle life of the sodium symmetric cell is increased. After the sodium symmetric battery in the electrolyte 5 is circulated for more than 380 hours, the polarization degree is still smaller, and the cycle life of the sodium symmetric battery is greatly prolonged. The cycle life of the obtained sodium symmetric battery is prolonged well by changing the concentration of the 4-acetylpyridine additive in the electrolyte.
Fig. 6 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric battery prepared by using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte and a preparation method thereof and an implementation electrolyte 6 of a sodium battery according to the present invention, and fig. 7 is a cycle life chart of a sodium symmetric battery prepared by using a pyridine-containing non-aqueous electrolyte and a preparation method thereof and an implementation electrolyte 7 of a sodium battery according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the 4-acetylpyridine additive can still obviously prolong the cycle life of the sodium symmetric battery under the condition of different proportions of nonaqueous organic solvents.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the cycle performance of a full cell prepared by using the electrolyte 1 for implementing a pyridine-containing nonaqueous electrolyte and a preparation method thereof and the electrolyte 1 for a sodium cell according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the cycling stability of the full cell assembled by adopting the electrolyte 1 is greatly improved, the capacity retention rate of 91.0% is still maintained after 200 cycles of cycling, the specific capacity decay is slower, and the average coulombic efficiency reaches 97%. .
Therefore, the non-aqueous electrolyte containing pyridine, the preparation method thereof and the sodium battery can solve the problems that metal sodium in the existing nano metal battery is easy to form dendrite, so that the coulomb efficiency is low and the charge and discharge times are less.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted by the same, and the modified or substituted technical solution may not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
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Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002359002A (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-13 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and nonaqueous electrolyte used therefor |
| CN1465117A (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-12-31 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Non aqueous electrolyte and secondary cell using the same |
| CN109155415A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2019-01-04 | 深圳中科瑞能实业有限公司 | A kind of sodium-ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN111244543A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-05 | 松山湖材料实验室 | High-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte additive, electrolyte, battery and formation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003243032A (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2003-08-29 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| FI126390B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-11-15 | Broadbit Batteries Oy | Electrochemical accumulators for high energy or high power battery use |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002359002A (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-13 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and nonaqueous electrolyte used therefor |
| CN1465117A (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-12-31 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Non aqueous electrolyte and secondary cell using the same |
| CN109155415A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2019-01-04 | 深圳中科瑞能实业有限公司 | A kind of sodium-ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN111244543A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-05 | 松山湖材料实验室 | High-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte additive, electrolyte, battery and formation method thereof |
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