CN114892075B - Low-temperature L-shaped steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature L-shaped steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/001—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses low-temperature L-shaped steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the low-temperature L-shaped steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.01-0.021%, si:0.65-0.80%, mn:0.20-0.50%, P is less than or equal to 0.01%, S is less than or equal to 0.006%, ni:0.35-0.60%, zr:0.001-0.01%, O:0.001 to 0.01 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, the preparation method comprises converter smelting, external furnace electric furnace refining, RH vacuum refining, continuous casting, rolling, cooling stacking after rolling and small linear energy welding, and the prepared low-temperature L-shaped steel has excellent small linear energy welding performance, yield strength of 320 to 430MPa, low-temperature impact toughness of-90 ℃ KV 2 The Vickers hardness of a heat affected zone of the small linear energy welding joint is not more than 90J, and not more than 345Hv10, so that the method can be used for building structural members such as keels, reinforcing ribs and the like of high-technology low-temperature ships such as LPG, liquid ammonia and the like, and is safe, reliable and remarkable in economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to steel and a preparation method thereof, in particular to low-temperature L-shaped steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, most of flat-bulb steels and L-shaped steels used for building ship keels and reinforcing ribs are A-grade steels, B-grade steels and D-grade steels specified by classification society, AH32, DH32, AH36, DH36 and the like, the steel is generally delivered in a hot rolling state, the impact toughness at minus 20 ℃ is guaranteed at the lowest, the impact toughness at lower ambient temperature cannot be guaranteed, the carbon (C) content and the carbon equivalent (Ceq = C + Mn/6+ (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15) level of the common steel are higher, the hardenability tendency of a heat affected zone of a welding joint is obvious in a small-line energy (welding line energy is 8-15 kJ/cm) welding process, a martensite structure is easily formed, and the welding joint is easy to crack and even break. The basic mechanical property and welding property of the section steel (L character lattice, flat bulb steel and the like) of the high-technology low-temperature ship for transporting liquefied petroleum gas, liquid ammonia and the like are higher in requirement, the yield strength ReH is required to be controlled within the range of 315-440MPa, the low-temperature impact energy at minus 60 ℃ is more than or equal to 41J, the Vickers of a small-linear energy welding joint is less than or equal to 350Hv10, and the low-linear energy welding joint cannot be constructed by adopting A, B and D grade steel grades AH32, DH32, AH36, DH36 and the like.
The Chinese patent application number of 202110457270.5 discloses a low-temperature steel bar and a production method thereof, wherein the steel bar comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.8 to 0.9 percent of Ni, 1.6 to 1.7 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of Si, 0.04 to 0.08 percent of C, 0.01 to 0.02 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.007 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.004 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of O, less than or equal to 0.003 percent of N, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of As, less than or equal to 0.0002 percent of H, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The steel provided by the patent technology has high Ni content and relatively high production cost, is not an economic steel grade, and the production method is only suitable for long materials of steel bars. The Chinese invention patent application number 202010765914.2 discloses an economical low-temperature steel pipe with good corrosion resistance and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the steel pipe comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.09% -0.12% of C, 0.25% -0.33% of Si, 1.10% -1.29% of Mn, 0.015% -0.03% of Ti, 0.01% -0.024% of Al, less than or equal to 0.012% of P, less than or equal to 0.008% of S, and less than or equal to 0.22% of carbon equivalent CEPcm, wherein CEPcm = (C + Si/30+ Mn/20+ Cu/20+ Ni/60+ Cr/20+ Mo/15+ V/10+ 5B), and the manufacturing method comprises converter smelting, external refining, square billet continuous casting, cooling to room temperature and then carrying out heating furnace, tube blank continuous rolling, reheating, continuous rolling to manufacture tube, sizing and heat treatment. The steel grade described in the patent technology can only be used in the low temperature environment of 45 ℃ and the hydrogen sulfide corrosion environment, the production process is complex, the process parameters are difficult to control, and the steel grade is only used for manufacturing the pipe.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide low-temperature L-shaped steel with low production cost and simple production process, and the invention also provides a preparation method of the low-temperature L-shaped steel.
The technical scheme is as follows: the low-temperature L-shaped steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.01-0.021%, si:0.65-0.80%, mn:0.20-0.50%, P is less than or equal to 0.01%, S is less than or equal to 0.006%, ni:0.35-0.60%, zr:0.001-0.01%, O:0.001-0.01%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further, the mass percent of the Si is 0.65-0.70%.
Further, the mass percent of Mn is 0.35-0.45%.
Further, the mass percent of the Ni is 0.40-0.50%.
Furthermore, the metallographic structure of the low-temperature L-shaped steel is an acicular ferrite structure.
The principle of the main control of the alloy elements is explained as follows:
c (carbon): the content of C in the steel has great influence on mechanical property and welding property, and the invention mainly considers the small linear energy welding property, so that the content of C is controlled at a lower level, the hardenability tendency of a heat affected zone in the welding process is reduced, a martensite structure is not generated, cracks are avoided, and the content of C is set to be 0.01-0.021%.
Mn (manganese): the proper amount of Mn element is added into the low-temperature L-shaped steel, so that the high-temperature austenite structure can be stabilized, the austenite transformation temperature is reduced, the formation of a high-temperature coarsened structure is inhibited, and a fine metallographic structure and low-temperature impact toughness KV at-90 ℃ are obtained 2 Not less than 90J; on the other hand, if the Mn content level is too high, the hardenability tendency in the small heat input welding process is increased, so that the Mn content range is set to 0.2 to 0.5%.
P (phosphorus), S (sulfur): the residual P and S of the invention belong to harmful elements, reduce the impact toughness and deteriorate the welding performance, but if the P and S are controlled to be too low, the production cost is greatly increased, the content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and the content of S is preferably controlled to be less than or equal to 0.006 percent.
Si (silicon): the invention mainly adds proper amount of alloy element Si to obtain proper yield strength, si and Fe matrix form replacement solid solution strengthening to improve the strength, but too high Si content damages low temperature impact toughness, so the Si content is controlled in the range of 0.65-0.80%.
Ni (nickel): the alloy element Ni which is dissolved in the Fe matrix can obviously stabilize the austenite structure and reduce the transformation critical temperature, and the alloy element Ni and the Mn element act together to obtain a fine metallographic structure, thereby having excellent low-temperature impact toughness. Ni is a relatively expensive alloy element, and excessive addition increases the production cost, so the Ni content in the steel is controlled within the range of 0.35-0.60%.
Zr (zirconium), O (oxygen): the invention aims to form ZrO with fine particles in the steel grade during the manufacturing process by adding proper amount of Zr and controlling proper amount of O 2 A precipitated phase in which the acicular ferrite structure is nucleated by these particles during the cooling of the weld, i.e. high temperature stable ZrO 2 The precipitated phase promotes the formation of a needle-shaped structure, and avoids the formation of a polygonal and coarse ferrite structure, thereby refining the metallographic structure of a welding heat affected zone and improving the welding performance of steel.
The preparation scheme of the low-temperature L-shaped steel comprises the following steps of:
(1) Smelting in a converter, namely charging molten iron, scrap steel, mnFe, siFe and NiFe alloy materials into an alkaline converter for smelting, blowing oxygen, raising the temperature, oxidizing and removing C, and adding CaO and FeO to remove P;
(2) Performing electric furnace refining outside the furnace, adding high-quality lime to remove the S content until the S content is less than or equal to 0.005%, finely adjusting the Mn content and the Ni content in the molten steel to the required range by using a metal Mn plate and a metal Ni plate, and adjusting the Si content to the required range by using a SiCa alloy material;
(3) RH vacuum refining, feeding Al wire into molten steel for deoxidation, controlling the oxygen content in the molten steel to reach a required range, feeding Zr powder wire into the molten steel, adjusting the Zr content to be in the required range, blowing Ar gas into the molten steel, stirring and homogenizing the molten steel, and treating under ultimate vacuum to remove gases such as N, H and the like and coarse harmful inclusions in the steel;
(4) Continuous casting, casting temperature: 1540-1560 ℃, and the casting blank comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.01-0.021%, si:0.65-0.80%, mn:0.20-0.50%, P is less than or equal to 0.01%, S is less than or equal to 0.006%, ni:0.35-0.60%, zr:0.001-0.01%, O:0.001-0.01%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
(5) Rolling, casting blank heating temperature: 1150-1200 ℃, initial rolling temperature: 1000-1040 ℃, finishing temperature: 800-830 ℃;
(6) Cooling after rolling, and returning to red temperature: 560-630 ℃;
(7) Stacking the rolled L-shaped steel, and eliminating rolling residual stress by using residual temperature tempering;
(8) Small heat input welding with a welding method of 80% CO 2 +20% Ar gas shielded welding pattern, weld line energy E:8-15kJ/cm.
Further, the limited vacuum treatment time in the step (3) is 8-14 minutes.
Further, the cross-sectional dimension of the rectangular billet of the casting blank in the step (4) is 300 x 350mm.
Further, the heat preservation time of the heated casting blank in the step (5) is 2-3 hours.
Further, the cooling mode in the step (6) is watering or water mist.
Further, the stacking time in the step (7) is 2-4 hours.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the invention avoids the preparation processes such as off-line heat treatment and the like by carrying out unique design on the alloy elements and the mass percentage of the steel and combining the controlled rolling and controlled cooling process, belongs to the short-flow production technology, has lower process cost, and can prepare the steel with the yield strength of 320-430MPa and the low-temperature impact toughness of-90 ℃ KV 2 The liquid ammonia corrosion resistance is higher than or equal to 90J, the liquid ammonia corrosion environment is built, the stress corrosion resistance is good, the low-temperature toughness is good, and the running state of the structural part is good in the environment of 90 ℃ below zero. The Vickers hardness of a heat affected zone of the T-shaped small heat input welding joint is less than or equal to 345Hv10, the defects of welding cracks and the like are avoided, the quality of the welding joint is excellent, the welding joint can be used for building structural members such as keels, reinforcing ribs and the like of high-technology low-temperature ships such as LPG, liquid ammonia and the like, and the welding joint is safe, reliable and remarkable in economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Five embodiments are set according to the chemical element components, the mass percentages and the requirements of the preparation method, namely embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4 and embodiment 5. In order to verify the influence of the chemical components and the mass percentage content as well as the RH limit vacuum treatment time in the smelting process, the finish rolling temperature in the rolling process, the finish rolling cooling temperature and other process parameters on the performance parameters, three comparative examples, namely a comparative example 1, a comparative example 2 and a comparative example 3 are set, namely 8 batches of L-shaped steel are smelted and rolled. Wherein, the mass percentage content of the chemical components of the comparative example 1 is out of the scope of the invention, the process parameters of the preparation process are in the scope of the invention, the mass percentage content of the chemical components of the comparative example 2 is in the scope of the invention, the process parameters of the preparation process are out of the scope of the invention, and the mass percentage content of the chemical components of the comparative example 3 and the process parameters of the preparation process are out of the scope of the invention. The chemical element composition weight percentages of the five examples and the three comparative examples are shown in table 1, wherein the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities. The process control parameters and the L-shaped steel performance conditions in the production process are shown in Table 2.
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the yield strengths of the low-temperature L-shaped steels prepared from the chemical components and the mass percentages of the low-temperature L-shaped steels of examples 1 to 5 of the invention and the process parameters controlled by the preparation process are all within the range of 320 to 420MPa, and the impact toughness is-90 ℃ KV 2 Are all higher than 90J. While the yield strength of the comparative L-shaped steel prepared in the comparative examples 1 and 2 and/or the preparation process which are not in the scope of the invention is lower than 320MPa, and the yield strength of the L-shaped steel prepared in the comparative example 3 reaches 453MPa and exceeds the required 420MPa, so that stress corrosion cracking is easy to occur when the L-shaped steel is used for building steel structures in corrosive environments such as liquid ammonia. The L-shaped steel prepared in comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 has the impact toughness of less than 90J at the temperature of-90 ℃ and the hardness of a heat affected zone of small heat input welding of less than 345Hv10. The yield strength of the L-shaped steel prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is 377MPa, the impact toughness at 90 ℃ below zero reaches 219J, the hardness of a heat affected zone of small linear energy welding is only 303Hv10, the comprehensive mechanical property and the welding property are excellent, and the high-technology and low-temperature ship for manufacturing LPG and liquid ammonia can run safely.
TABLE 1 comparison of chemical compositions (wt%) of inventive examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3
TABLE 2 Table of the performance of low temperature L-shaped steel by controlling the process parameters in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 3
Claims (9)
1. The low-temperature L-shaped steel is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.01-0.021%, si:0.65-0.80%, mn:0.20-0.50%, P is less than or equal to 0.01%, S is less than or equal to 0.006%, ni:0.35-0.60%, zr:0.001-0.01%, O:0.001-0.01%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities,
the preparation method of the low-temperature L-shaped steel comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting in a converter, namely charging molten iron, scrap steel, mnFe, siFe and NiFe alloy materials into an alkaline converter for smelting, blowing oxygen, raising the temperature, oxidizing and removing C, and adding CaO and FeO to remove P;
(2) Performing electric furnace refining outside the furnace, adding high-quality lime to remove the S content until the S content is less than or equal to 0.005%, finely adjusting the Mn content and the Ni content in the molten steel to the required range by using a metal Mn plate and a metal Ni plate, and adjusting the Si content to the required range by using a SiCa alloy material;
(3) RH vacuum refining, feeding Al wire into molten steel for deoxidation, controlling the oxygen content in the molten steel to reach a required range, feeding Zr powder wire into the molten steel, adjusting the Zr content to be in the required range, blowing Ar gas into the molten steel, stirring and homogenizing the molten steel, and treating under ultimate vacuum to remove gases such as N, H and the like and coarse harmful impurities in the steel;
(4) Continuous casting, casting temperature: 1540-1560 ℃, and the casting blank comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.01-0.021%, si:0.65-0.80%, mn:0.20-0.50%, P is less than or equal to 0.01%, S is less than or equal to 0.006%, ni:0.35-0.60%, zr:0.001-0.01%, O:0.001-0.01%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
(5) Rolling, casting blank heating temperature: 1150-1200 ℃, initial rolling temperature: 1000-1040 ℃, finishing temperature: 800-830 ℃;
(6) Cooling after rolling, and returning to red temperature: 560 to 630 ℃;
(7) Stacking the rolled L-shaped steel, and eliminating rolling residual stress by using residual temperature tempering;
(8) Small heat input welding with a welding method of 80% CO 2 +20% Ar gas shielded welding pattern, weld line energy E:8-15kJ/cm.
2. The low-temperature L-shaped steel according to claim 1, wherein the Si is 0.65-0.70% by mass.
3. The low-temperature L-shaped steel according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of Mn is 0.35-0.45%.
4. The low-temperature L-shaped steel according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of Ni is 0.40-0.50%.
5. The low-temperature L-shaped steel according to claim 1, wherein the metallographic structure of the low-temperature L-shaped steel is an acicular ferrite structure.
6. The low-temperature L-shaped steel according to claim 1, wherein the minimum vacuum treatment time in the step (3) is 8 to 14 minutes.
7. The low-temperature L-shaped steel according to claim 1, wherein the holding time after the heating of the cast slab in the step (5) is 2 to 3 hours.
8. The low-temperature L-shaped steel according to claim 1, wherein the cooling mode in the step (6) is watering or water mist.
9. The low-temperature L-shaped steel according to claim 1, wherein the stacking time in the step (7) is 2-4 hours.
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| CN116555664B (en) * | 2023-05-04 | 2024-03-19 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant L-shaped steel for liquid ammonia storage tank and preparation method thereof |
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| JP2014001450A (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2014-01-09 | Jfe Steel Corp | Steel for ship excellent in corrosion resistance and base metal toughness |
| CN106756517A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-05-31 | 上海海事大学 | A kind of steel plate and its manufacture method for polar region ship |
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| CN101250664A (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2008-08-27 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Hull structural steel with excellent welding performance and producing method thereof |
| CN101781737A (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2010-07-21 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Marine 40kg heat mechanical control rolling thick plate steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2011231365A (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2011-11-17 | Jfe Steel Corp | Hot rolled shape steel for vessel and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN107557685B (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-03-26 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | 440MPa grades of ship corrosion-resisting steels and its production method under low temperature environment |
| CN111321348B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2022-01-11 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | L-shaped steel of rib plate for LNG ship and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112941405B (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-04-19 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | High-toughness heat-resistant flat-bulb steel for ships and preparation method thereof |
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| JP2014001450A (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2014-01-09 | Jfe Steel Corp | Steel for ship excellent in corrosion resistance and base metal toughness |
| CN106756517A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-05-31 | 上海海事大学 | A kind of steel plate and its manufacture method for polar region ship |
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