CN114888254B - Experimental device and method for simulating continuous casting crystallizer to feed steel belt - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for simulating continuous casting crystallizer to feed steel belt Download PDFInfo
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- CN114888254B CN114888254B CN202210556094.5A CN202210556094A CN114888254B CN 114888254 B CN114888254 B CN 114888254B CN 202210556094 A CN202210556094 A CN 202210556094A CN 114888254 B CN114888254 B CN 114888254B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 321
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 321
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 259
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 278
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
- B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/053—Means for oscillating the moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device for simulating steel strip feeding of a continuous casting crystallizer, which comprises a crystallization unit, a temperature monitoring unit and a strip feeding unit, wherein the crystallization unit can enclose a crystallization cavity, a cooling channel is arranged in a water cooling wall of the crystallization unit so as to simulate the cooling intensity of a casting blank in continuous casting production, a test element of the temperature monitoring unit can monitor the temperature of a cooling medium in the crystallization cavity in real time, the strip feeding unit can feed the steel strip into the crystallization cavity, and a vibrator can be utilized to vibrate the steel strip up and down so as to simulate the relative speed of molten steel and the steel strip in the continuous casting process, so that the heat exchange condition of the steel strip and the molten steel strip is similar to the process of continuously casting the steel strip feeding process, and the accuracy of the simulation result of the steel strip feeding of the continuous casting crystallizer is improved. The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the continuous casting crystallizer to feed the steel strip, which reduces the cooling intensity of the casting blank in the continuous casting process by controlling the flow of the cooling medium, feeds the steel strip into the molten steel, simulates the continuous casting crystallizer to feed the steel strip process and provides convenience for researching the continuous casting crystallizer feed process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of continuous casting production, in particular to an experimental device and method for simulating steel strip feeding of a continuous casting crystallizer.
Background
The steel strip feeding technology of the continuous casting crystallizer is an effective means for improving the solidification quality of continuous casting billets. And continuously feeding the steel strip into the crystallizer, and reducing the superheat degree of the melt in the center of the casting blank through heat absorption of steel strip melting. Meanwhile, a semi-molten dendrite structure generated by melting the steel belt can be used as a nucleation point of molten steel, so that the equiaxial crystal rate of the center of a casting blank is improved, center segregation and precipitation are inhibited, and the density of an ingot is increased. However, since the crystallizer belt feeding technology is developed later in China, the influence rule of parameters such as the size, the feeding ratio, the feeding speed and the like of the steel belt on the solidification structure is not clear at present.
Although industrial tests can directly reveal the relationship between the process parameters and the solidification structure, the process is too high in cost and has safety risks, and economic losses and safety risks caused by the fact that steel plants are willing to accept experimental failure are few. Numerical modeling allows for lower cost studies of the effects of continuous casting process parameters on temperature fields, flow fields, solidification structures, and segregation. However, the simulation results often deviate greatly from the actual results due to the lack of high-temperature physical parameters and accurate boundary conditions of the steel grade. And the numerical model at the present stage is difficult to accurately reduce the phenomena of complex mass transfer, heat transfer, phase change and the like in the solidification process by being limited by the development of a solidification theory.
Therefore, how to provide a test device and a test method for feeding steel belts to a simulated continuous casting crystallizer with low research cost and high accuracy becomes a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device and method for simulating feeding of steel belts by a continuous casting crystallizer, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, improve the accuracy of simulation results of feeding of steel belts by the continuous casting crystallizer and reduce the simulation cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides an experimental device for simulating steel strip feeding of a continuous casting crystallizer, which comprises the following components:
the crystallization unit comprises a water cooling wall and a base;
when a continuous casting slab is simulated, the crystallization unit further comprises two heat preservation walls, the number of the water cooling walls and the number of the heat preservation walls are two, the two water cooling walls are arranged in parallel, the water cooling walls are arranged in parallel to the side face with larger area of the simulated continuous casting slab, the two heat preservation walls are arranged in parallel, the heat preservation walls are perpendicular to the water cooling walls, the base is positioned at the bottoms of the water cooling walls and the heat preservation walls, and the water cooling walls, the heat preservation walls and the base enclose a crystallization cavity capable of containing melt;
When a continuous casting billet is simulated, the number of the water-cooling walls is four, the adjacent water-cooling walls are mutually vertical, the base is positioned at the bottom of a structure surrounded by the water-cooling walls, and the water-cooling walls and the base form a crystallization cavity capable of containing melt;
a cooling channel is arranged in the water cooling wall and is communicated with a cooling medium source, and heat preservation layers are arranged on one sides of the heat preservation wall and the base, which are close to the crystallization cavity;
the temperature monitoring unit comprises a test element, and the test element can monitor the temperatures of the water-cooled wall and the cooling medium in the cooling channel;
the feeding belt unit comprises a feeding belt sliding table, a vibrator and a connecting rod, wherein the connecting rod can fix a steel belt, the feeding belt sliding table can drive the connecting rod to slide reciprocally, the steel belt can stretch into the crystallization cavity, the vibrator is connected with the connecting rod, the vibrator can transmit vibration to the connecting rod and the steel belt, and the reciprocal motion direction of the feeding belt sliding table is parallel to the height direction of the crystallization cavity.
Preferably, the water cooling wall comprises a copper plate and a water jacket, the copper plate is provided with a U-shaped groove, the copper plate is connected with the water jacket, the water jacket and the U-shaped groove enclose a cooling channel, the heat insulation layer comprises refractory bricks and heat insulation plates, and the copper plate and the refractory bricks form the inner wall of the crystallization cavity.
Preferably, the cooling channels are parallel to the height direction of the crystallization cavity, the number of the cooling channels is a plurality, and the cooling channels are distributed at equal intervals; the cooling channels are communicated with the cooling medium source, a pressure equalizing cavity is arranged between the cooling channels and the cooling medium source, and a valve and a water pump are arranged between the cooling channels and the cooling medium source.
Preferably, the cross section of the cooling channel is rectangular, the length of the cross section of the cooling channel is 8-15 mm, the width of the cross section of the cooling channel is 4-8 mm, and the interval between adjacent cooling channels is 10-16 mm.
Preferably, the temperature monitoring unit further comprises a paperless recorder, the test elements are connected with the paperless recorder, the test elements are thermocouples, and the number of the test elements is multiple groups.
Preferably, the vibrator is capable of transmitting vibration to the steel strip, and the vibration direction of the steel strip is parallel to the height direction of the crystallization cavity.
Preferably, the vibration frequency f=1 to 8000Hz of the vibrator, and the vibration amplitude s is less than or equal to 1mm.
Preferably, the experimental device for simulating the continuous casting crystallizer to feed the steel strip further comprises a control unit, and the crystallization unit, the temperature monitoring unit and the strip feeding unit are all connected with the control unit.
Preferably, when simulating a continuous casting slab, the distance between the two heat-insulating walls is the length of the crystallization cavity, the distance between the two water-cooling walls is the width of the crystallization cavity, and the distances between the tops of the water-cooling walls and the heat-insulating walls and the top of the base are the heights of the crystallization cavity;
when a continuous casting billet is simulated, the maximum distance between two water cooling walls which are arranged oppositely is the length of the crystallization cavity, the minimum distance between two water cooling walls which are arranged oppositely is the width of the crystallization cavity, and the distance between the top of the water cooling walls and the top of the base is the height of the crystallization cavity;
the length L=80 mm-500 mm of the crystallization cavity, the width W=80 mm-500 mm of the crystallization cavity, and the height H=200 mm-800 mm of the crystallization cavity.
Preferably, the number of the heat preservation layers is multiple, the heat preservation layers comprise refractory bricks and heat preservation plates, and adjacent heat preservation layers are detachably connected.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the continuous casting crystallizer to feed steel belts, which comprises the following steps: selecting a target unit on a site continuous casting blank, setting a cooling medium flow parameter and a steel strip feeding parameter to reduce the change process of the cooling intensity of the surface of the continuous casting blank along with time, simulating the site continuous casting steel strip feeding process, analyzing the heat flow density of a solidification process, obtaining a simulation unit after solidification is finished, and analyzing the solidification structure of the simulation unit.
Preferably, the experimental method for simulating the continuous casting crystallizer to feed the steel strip comprises the following steps:
step one, confirming the inner cavity size of a crystallization cavity and the size of a steel belt for simulation
Selecting a target unit on a site continuous casting billet, and determining the length L of the target unit u ' width W u ' and height H u '；
When the target unit is a continuous casting slab, the length L of the target unit u ' =100 mm to 420mm, width W u 'equal to the width W' of the continuous casting slab, the height H u ' 50mm to 650mm; setting a simulation unit in the crystallization cavity, and controlling the size of the simulation unit and the scale of the target unitThe dimensions being identical, i.e. the length L of the analogue unit u ＝L u ' width W u ＝W u ' height H u ＝H u 'A'; so that the inner cavity length L=L of the crystallization cavity u ' 80mm to 150mm, so that the inner cavity width W=W of the crystallization cavity u The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the So that the height H=H of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity u +150mm～200mm；
When the target unit is a continuous casting billet, the length L of the target unit u 'equal to the length L' and width W of the in-situ continuous casting square billet u 'equal to the width W' of the in-situ continuous casting billet, the height H u ' 50mm to 650mm; setting a simulation unit in the crystallization cavity, and controlling the dimension of the simulation unit to be the same as the dimension of the target unit, namely the length L of the simulation unit u ＝L u ' width W u ＝W u ' height H u ＝H u 'A'; so that the inner cavity length L=L of the crystallization cavity u Width w=w u Height h=h u +150mm～200mm；
The thickness d=d' mm and the width w of the simulation steel strip are confirmed to satisfy according to the size of the on-site continuous casting steel strip: w/w=w '/W' mm, length l satisfies: l/h=v '/V' mm; and controlling the feeding ratio of the steel belt for simulation to be equal to the feeding ratio of the steel belt for on-site continuous casting;
the steel strip feed ratio for simulation= (d×w×l)/(l×w×h) ×100%; the feed ratio of the steel strip for site continuous casting= (D '×w' ×v ')/(D' ×w '×v')×100%;
wherein L is u '、L'、L u L is the length of the target unit, the length of the on-site continuous casting billet, the length of the simulation unit and the length of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity respectively, and the units are mm; w (W) u '、W'、W u W is the width of the target unit, the width of the site continuous casting billet, the width of the simulation unit and the width of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity respectively, and the units are mm; h u '、H u And H is the height of the target unit, the height of the simulation unit and the height of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity respectively, wherein the units are mm; d and d' are the thickness of the steel strip for simulation and the thickness of the steel strip for on-site continuous casting respectively, and the unit is mm; w (w)And w' is the width of the steel strip for simulation and the width of the steel strip for on-site continuous casting respectively, and the unit is mm; l is the total length of the steel belt for simulation, and the unit is mm; v' is the on-site continuous casting billet feeding speed, and the unit is m s -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the V' is the on-site continuous casting billet withdrawal speed, and the unit is m s -1 ；
Step two, setting flow parameters of cooling medium, parameters of monitoring elements and parameters of steel belt feeding
Determining the cooling medium flow of a simulation experiment according to the cooling medium flow of each cooling stage of the on-site continuous casting by using a flow calculation formula; determining the cooling time of a simulation experiment according to the drawing speed of the on-site continuous casting billet, the height of the crystallizer and the length of the secondary cooling section by using a cooling time calculation formula of each cooling stage;
controlling the casting time to be 0-t after the casting is finished 0 s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q 0 ，t 0 ～t 1 s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q 1 ，t 1 ～t 2 s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q 2 ，t 2 ～t 3 s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q 3 ……t n-1 ～t n s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The flow rate of the cooling medium at each cooling stage is calculated as follows:
crystallizer stage, Q 0 ＝k 0 ×Q 0 '×S/S'
Two-stage cooling and one-stage cooling, Q 1 ＝k 1 ×Q 1 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
Two-stage cooling, Q 2 ＝k 1 ×Q 2 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
Two-stage, three-stage, Q 3 ＝k 1 ×Q 3 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
……
Two cold n stage, Q n ＝k 1 ×Q n ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
The cooling time calculation formula of each cooling stage is as follows:
crystallizer stage, t 0 ＝H 0 '/V'
Two-stage cooling one-stage, t 1 ＝H 1 '/V'
Two stages of cooling, t 2 ＝H 2 '/V'
Two-stage, three-stage, t 3 ＝H 3 '/V'
……
Two cold phases n, t n ＝H n '/V'
Wherein Q is 0 The unit of the flow of the cooling medium in the stage of the simulated experiment crystallizer is L.min -1 ；k 0 The value range of the correction coefficient for the crystallizer stage is 0.36-0.42; q (Q) 0 ' Cooling medium flow for in-situ continuous casting crystallizer, unit is L.min -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S and S' are respectively the molten steel cooling area of the simulation experiment and the molten steel cooling area of the on-site continuous casting crystallizer, and the unit is m 2 ；Q 1 、Q 2 、Q 3 ……Q n The flow rate of the cooling medium of the two-cooling one-stage, the two-cooling two-stage, the two-cooling three-stage … … two-cooling n-stage of the simulation experiment is L.min -1 ；k 1 The value range of the correction coefficient is 3.45-3.55; q (Q) 1 '、Q 2 '、Q 3 '……Q n ' the flow of the cooling medium of the two-cooling one-stage, the two-cooling two-stage and the two-cooling three-stage … … two-cooling n-stage of the field continuous casting is L.min -1 ；t 0 The cooling time of the simulation experiment crystallizer stage is s; h 0 ' is the height of the on-site continuous casting crystallizer, and the unit is m; v' is the on-site continuous casting billet withdrawal speed, and the unit is m.s -1 ；t 1 、t 2 、t 3 ……t n The cooling time of the two-cooling first stage, the two-cooling second stage and the two-cooling third stage … … two-cooling n stage of the simulation experiment is s; h 1 '、H 2 '、H 3 '……H n ' the length of the two-cooling one-stage, the two-cooling two-stage and the two-cooling three-stage … … two-cooling n-stage of the site continuous casting machine is m respectively;
confirming the belt feeding duration time for the simulation experiment according to the production parameters of the on-site continuous casting blank by using a belt feeding duration time calculation formula; using a belt feeding speed calculation formula to calculate the length and the continuous belt feeding time of the simulated steel belt Calculating the belt feeding speed for simulation by time; the formula for calculating the feeding duration time is as follows: t is t f ＝v'×(6.32d'-3.25lnΔT+5.53v' -0.32 ) V'; the formula for calculating the feeding belt speed is as follows: v=l/t f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The simulated steel strip is made to be 0 to t after casting is finished f Feeding into the crystallization chamber at a constant velocity v within s, wherein t f The duration of the feeding belt for simulation; delta T is the superheat degree of the molten steel for simulation; v is the feeding belt speed for simulation;
determining the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of the steel belt, wherein the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency satisfy the relation: f×s= (v' -v)/4; after casting is finished, the steel belt is 0 to t f The vibration amplitude s vibrates at the vibration frequency f in s; wherein f is the vibration frequency; s is the vibration amplitude;
introducing flow Q into the side wall of the crystallization cavity 0 Is a cooling medium of (a);
step three, simulating the process of continuously casting and feeding steel belts on site
Preparing a steel belt according to the determined thickness d, width w and length l of the steel belt for simulation, controlling the components of the steel belt for simulation to be identical to those of the steel belt for on-site continuous casting, and enabling the steel belt for simulation to be positioned at the top of the crystallization cavity by 5 mm-15 mm;
smelting molten steel according to the demand of steel type components, controlling the components and superheat degree of the molten steel to be consistent with those of a site continuous casting billet, and pouring the molten steel into the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity after reaching the target tapping temperature; after casting, carrying out experiments according to preset cooling medium flow parameters, monitoring element parameters and steel belt feeding parameters, and recording data;
Analyzing the heat flux density in the solidification process
Calculating and recording real-time heat flux density according to a heat flux density formula to obtain a heat flux density curve; obtaining the influence of different technological parameters on the surface heat flux density in the solidification process of the continuous casting billet by analyzing the heat flux density curve; the heat flux density formula is:
wherein q is heat flux density, (J m) -2 s -1 )，T 1 、T 2 、T 3 、T 4 、T 5 、T 6 The temperatures of different positions of the crystallization cavity are sequentially set as the unit of the temperature; lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the crystallization cavity and the unit is W m -1 ℃ -1 ；x 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 The temperature measuring distances of different positions of the crystallization cavity are sequentially measured, wherein the temperature measuring distance is the distance between the temperature measuring position and the contact surface of molten steel and the crystallization cavity, and the unit is m; c is the specific heat unit of the cooling medium J kg -1 ℃ -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the For cooling water density, the unit is kg m -3 ；
Step five, analyzing the solidification structure of the simulation unit
Taking out the ingot after solidification of the ingot, and cutting the ingot to obtain the simulation unit; and obtaining the influence of different process parameters on the solidification structure of the continuous casting billet by detecting the macro structure, the microstructure and the element segregation condition of the simulation unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: according to the experimental device for simulating the steel strip feeding of the continuous casting crystallizer, the crystallization unit can enclose the crystallization cavity, the cooling channel is arranged in the water cooling wall so as to simulate the cooling intensity of a casting blank in continuous casting production, the test element of the temperature monitoring unit can monitor the temperature of a cooling medium in the crystallization cavity in real time, the steel strip feeding unit can feed the steel strip into the crystallization cavity, and the vibrator is utilized to enable the steel strip to vibrate up and down so as to simulate the relative speed of molten steel and the steel strip in the continuous casting process, so that the heat exchange condition of the steel strip and the molten steel is similar to the process of continuously casting and feeding the steel strip, the accuracy of the simulation result of feeding the steel strip by the continuous casting crystallizer is improved, and the simulation cost is reduced.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the steel strip feeding of the continuous casting crystallizer, which can accurately reduce the steel strip feeding process of the continuous casting crystallizer to obtain a solidification structure which is nearly the same as the actual situation by controlling the cooling intensity of a casting blank in the flow of a cooling medium to reduce the continuous casting process and feeding the steel strip into molten steel and simulate the steel strip feeding process of the continuous casting crystallizer, thereby providing good guarantee for conveniently researching the steel strip feeding process of the continuous casting crystallizer by a system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a steel strip feeding experimental device for a simulated continuous casting crystallizer according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a part of the structure of the experimental apparatus for feeding steel strip to a simulated continuous casting mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of test elements of the test apparatus for feeding steel strip to a simulated continuous casting mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of simulation units of the experimental method for feeding steel strip to a simulation continuous casting crystallizer according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the statistical results of heat flux density in an example of the experimental method for feeding steel strip to a simulated continuous casting mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing statistics of the crystal area ratio in an embodiment of the experimental method for feeding steel strip to a simulated continuous casting crystallizer according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing secondary dendrite spacing statistics in an example of a simulated continuous casting mold steel strip feeding experimental method of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing statistical results of Mo element distribution in an example of the experimental method for feeding steel strip to a simulated continuous casting mold according to the present invention.
Wherein 1 is a crystallization unit, 101 is a water cooling wall, 102 is a heat preservation wall, 103 is a base, 104 is a cooling channel, 105 is a copper plate, 106 is a water jacket, 107 is a refractory brick, 108 is a heat preservation plate, 109 is a pressure equalizing cavity, 110 is a water pump, 111 is a valve, and 112 is a cooling medium source;
2 is a temperature monitoring unit, 201 is a testing element, C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5 and C-6 are thermocouples, and 202 is a paperless recorder;
3 is a feeding belt unit, 301 is a feeding belt sliding table, 302 is a vibrator, 303 is a connecting rod, and 304 is a driver;
4 is a control unit;
And 5 is a steel belt.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide an experimental device and method for simulating feeding of steel belts by a continuous casting crystallizer, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, improve the accuracy of simulation results of feeding of steel belts by the continuous casting crystallizer and reduce the simulation cost.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a steel strip feeding experimental apparatus for a simulated continuous casting mold according to the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a part of the structure of the steel strip feeding experimental apparatus for a simulated continuous casting mold according to the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic distribution diagram of test elements of the steel strip feeding experimental apparatus for a simulated continuous casting mold according to the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic distribution diagram of test elements of the steel strip feeding experimental method for a simulated continuous casting mold according to the present invention, fig. 5 is a schematic statistical result of heat flux density in an embodiment of the steel strip feeding experimental method for a simulated continuous casting mold according to the present invention, fig. 6 is a schematic statistical result of a crystal area ratio in an embodiment of the steel strip feeding experimental method for a simulated continuous casting mold according to the present invention, fig. 7 is a schematic statistical result of secondary dendrite spacing in an embodiment of the steel strip feeding experimental method for a simulated continuous casting mold according to the present invention, and fig. 8 is a statistical result of Mo element distribution in an embodiment of the steel strip feeding experimental method for a simulated continuous casting mold according to the present invention.
The invention provides an experimental device for simulating steel strip feeding of a continuous casting crystallizer, which comprises a crystallization unit 1, a temperature monitoring unit 2 and a strip feeding unit 3, wherein the crystallization unit 1 comprises a water cooling wall 101 and a base 103, when a continuous casting slab is simulated, the crystallization unit 1 also comprises two groups of heat preservation walls 102, the water cooling walls 101 and the heat preservation walls 102 are arranged in parallel, the water cooling walls 101 are arranged parallel to the side surface (i.e. the plane with L' in fig. 4) with larger area of a simulated continuous casting slab, the two groups of heat preservation walls 102 are arranged in parallel, the heat preservation walls 102 are perpendicular to the water cooling walls 101, the base 103 is positioned at the bottoms of the water cooling walls 101 and the heat preservation walls 102, and the water cooling walls 101, the heat preservation walls 102 and the base 103 are enclosed into a crystallization cavity capable of containing melt; when a continuous casting billet is simulated, the number of the water-cooling walls 101 is four, the adjacent water-cooling walls 101 are mutually vertical, the base 103 is positioned at the bottom of the structure surrounded by the water-cooling walls 101, and the water-cooling walls 101 and the base 103 form a crystallization cavity capable of containing melt; a cooling channel 104 is arranged in the water-cooled wall 101, the cooling channel 104 is communicated with a cooling medium source 112, and heat preservation layers are arranged on one sides of the heat preservation wall 102 and the base 103, which are close to the crystallization cavity; the temperature monitoring unit 2 comprises a testing element 201, wherein the testing element 201 can monitor the temperature of the water-cooled wall 101 and the cooling medium in the cooling channel 104; the feeding belt unit 3 comprises a feeding belt sliding table 301, a vibrator 302 and a connecting rod 303, wherein the connecting rod 303 can fix the steel belt 5, the feeding belt sliding table 301 can drive the connecting rod 303 to slide reciprocally, the steel belt 5 can extend into the crystallization cavity, the vibrator 302 is connected with the connecting rod 303, the vibrator 302 can transmit vibration to the connecting rod 303 and the steel belt 5, and the reciprocating motion direction of the feeding belt sliding table 301 is parallel to the height direction of the crystallization cavity. In practical application, the feeding belt sliding table 301 can be driven to move by the driver 304, the driver 304 can select a motor, and the driver 304 is in transmission connection with the feeding belt sliding table 301.
According to the experimental device for simulating the feeding of the steel strip by the continuous casting crystallizer, the crystallization unit 1 can enclose a crystallization cavity, the cooling channel 104 is arranged in the water cooling wall 101 so as to simulate the cooling intensity of a casting blank in continuous casting production, the test element 201 of the temperature monitoring unit 2 can monitor the temperature of a cooling medium in the crystallization cavity in real time, the steel strip 5 can be fed into the crystallization cavity by the feeding unit 3, and the steel strip 5 can vibrate up and down by the vibrator 302 so as to simulate the relative speed between molten steel and the steel strip 5 in the continuous casting process, so that the heat exchange condition between the steel strip 5 and the molten steel is similar to the continuous casting steel strip feeding process, the simulation result accuracy of the steel strip 5 fed by the continuous casting crystallizer is improved, and the simulation cost is reduced. It should be noted that, the feeding belt unit 3 can drive the connecting rod 303 to slide reciprocally to realize feeding belt action, after an experiment is finished, the feeding belt unit 3 drives the connecting rod 303 to reset, convenience is provided for subsequent experiments, and the feeding belt unit 3 is utilized to drive the connecting rod 303 to slide and can also adjust the length of the steel belt 5 extending into the crystallization cavity initially, so that operation is convenient.
The water cooling wall 101 comprises a copper plate 105 and a water jacket 106, the copper plate 105 is provided with a U-shaped groove, the copper plate 105 is connected with the water jacket 106, the water jacket 106 and the U-shaped groove form a cooling channel 104, a cooling medium source 112 is utilized to convey the cooling medium into the cooling channel 104, so that the cooling intensity in the crystallization cavity is controlled, the heat insulation layer comprises refractory bricks 107 and heat insulation plates 108, and the copper plate 105 and the refractory bricks 107 form the inner wall of the crystallization cavity. It should be noted that the thickness of the refractory brick 107 is 10 mm-18 mm, and the refractory brick is made of one of high alumina brick, dolomite brick, magnesia chrome brick and silicon carbide brick, or other refractory materials; the thickness of the thermal insulation board 108 is 40 mm-60 mm, and the material can be one of ceramic fiber board and glass fiber board or other thermal insulation materials.
Specifically, the cooling channels 104 are parallel to the height direction of the crystallization cavity, the number of the cooling channels 104 is multiple, and the cooling channels 104 are distributed at equal intervals; the cooling channels 104 are all communicated with the cooling medium source 112, a pressure equalizing cavity 109 is arranged between the cooling channels 104 and the cooling medium source 112, a pressure equalizing cavity 109 is arranged between the cooling medium inlet and the cooling medium outlet, the cooling uniformity is improved, and a valve 111 and a water pump 110 are also arranged between the cooling channels 104 and the cooling medium source 112, so that the flow of the cooling medium is conveniently controlled. In actual operation, the cooling medium may be cooling water, and when performing experiments, water may be introduced into the cooling channel 104 in advance to exhaust gas, and the pre-introduced water may also avoid experimental errors caused by unstable water flow in the starting stage of the water pump 110.
In this embodiment, the cross section of the cooling channel 104 is rectangular, the length of the cross section of the cooling channel 104 is 8mm to 15mm, the width of the cross section of the cooling channel 104 is 4mm to 8mm, and the interval between adjacent cooling channels 104 is 10mm to 16mm. When the simulation object is a continuous casting slab, the distance between the two heat preservation walls 102 is the length of the crystallization cavity, and the distance between the two water cooling walls 101 is the width of the crystallization cavity; when the simulation object is a continuous casting square billet, the distance between two water cooling walls 101 with larger distance is the length of the crystallization cavity, and the distance between two water cooling walls 101 with smaller distance is the width of the crystallization cavity; the distance between the top of the water-cooled wall 101 and the top of the base 103 is the height of the crystallization cavity, the length L of the crystallization cavity is 80-500 mm, the width W of the crystallization cavity is 80-500 mm, and the height H of the crystallization cavity is 200-800 mm.
More specifically, the temperature monitoring unit 2 further includes a paperless recorder 202, the test element 201 is connected to the paperless recorder 202, so that the temperature measured by the test element 201 can be conveniently recorded, the test element 201 is a thermocouple, and the number of the test elements 201 is multiple groups, so that temperature measurement can be performed at multiple points. In this embodiment, two sets of test elements 201 are symmetrically disposed on two water-cooled walls 101, each set of test elements 201 comprises 6 thermocouples, thermocouple C-1 is inserted into copper plate 105, the insertion point is located at the intersection of diagonal lines of copper plate 105, thermocouple C-2 is located 1/12H directly below thermocouple C-1, thermocouple C-3 is located 1/12H horizontally right of thermocouple C-1, and thermocouple C-4 is located 1/12H horizontally right of thermocouple C-2; thermocouple C-5 is inserted into the inlet water pressure equalizing cavity 109, and thermocouple C-6 is inserted into the outlet water pressure equalizing cavity 109; the temperature measuring distances of the thermocouple C-1, the thermocouple C-2, the thermocouple C-3 and the thermocouple C-4 are 3 mm-5 mm, 6 mm-8 mm, 9 mm-11 mm and 12 mm-14 mm in sequence. The thermocouple group can measure the temperature of the copper plate 105, the cooling water in the water inlet pressure equalizing cavity 109 and the cooling water in the water outlet pressure equalizing cavity 109 in real time. In addition, it should be noted that the inlet of the cooling medium is located below the outlet of the cooling medium, so as to prolong the contact time between the cooling medium and the copper plate 105, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency and ensuring the accuracy of temperature control in the crystallization cavity.
In addition, the experimental device for simulating the continuous casting crystallizer to feed the steel belt further comprises a control unit 4, wherein the crystallization unit 1, the temperature monitoring unit 2 and the belt feeding unit 3 are connected with the control unit 4, so that experimental parameters are conveniently controlled, the experimental precision of the device is improved, and the operation burden of experimental staff is reduced.
The number of the heat preservation layers is multiple, and adjacent heat preservation layers are detachably connected; the height of the crystallization cavity can be adjusted by changing the number of insulation layers provided on the base 103. In addition, the vibration frequency f=1 to 8000Hz of the vibrator 302, the vibration amplitude s is less than or equal to 1mm, and in actual operation, the vibrator 302 of other specifications may be selected according to the experimental requirements.
The invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the continuous casting crystallizer to feed steel belts, which comprises the following steps:
step one, confirming the size of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity and the size of the steel belt 5 for simulation
Selecting a target unit on a site continuous casting billet, and determining the length L of the target unit u ' width W u ' and height H u '；
When the target unit is a continuous casting slab, the length L of the target unit u ' =100 mm to 420mm, width W u 'equal to the width W' of the continuous casting slab, the height H u ' 50mm to 650mm; setting simulation unit in the crystallization cavity, controlling the simulation unit to have the same size as the target unit, i.e. the length L of the simulation unit u ＝L u ' width W u ＝W u ' height H u ＝H u 'A'; so that the inner cavity length of the crystallization cavity is L=L u ' 80mm to 150mm, so that the width W=W of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity u The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the So that the cavity height H=H of the crystallization cavity u +150mm～200mm；
When the target unit is a continuous casting billet, the length L of the target unit u 'equal to the length L' and width W of the in-situ continuous casting square billet u 'equal to the width W' of the in-situ continuous casting billet, the height H u ' 50mm to 650mm; setting simulation unit in the crystallization cavity, controlling the simulation unit to have the same size as the target unit, i.e. the length L of the simulation unit u ＝L u ' width W u ＝W u ' height H u ＝H u 'A'; so that the inner cavity length of the crystallization cavity is L=L u Width w=w u Height h=h u +150mm～200mm；
The thickness d=d' mm and the width w of the simulation steel strip 5 were confirmed to satisfy: w/w=w '/W' mm, length l satisfies: l/h=v '/V' mm; and controlling the feeding ratio of the steel belt 5 for simulation to be equal to the feeding ratio of the steel belt for site continuous casting; the feeding ratio of the steel strip for simulation 5= (d×w×l)/(l×w×h) ×100%; the feeding ratio (D '×w' ×v ')/(D' ×w '×v')×100% of the steel strip for in-situ continuous casting;
wherein L is u '、L'、L u L is the length of a target unit, the length of a site continuous casting billet, the length of an analog unit and the length of an inner cavity of a crystallization cavity respectively, and the units are mm; w (W) u '、W'、W u W is the width of a target unit, the width of a site continuous casting billet, the width of an analog unit and the width of an inner cavity of a crystallization cavity respectively, and the units are mm; h u '、H u And H is the height of the target unit, the height of the analog unit and the height of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity respectively, wherein the units are mm; d and d' are the thickness of the steel belt 5 for simulation and the thickness of the steel belt 5 for on-site continuous casting respectively, and the unit is mm; w and w' are the width of the steel strip 5 for simulation and the width of the steel strip 5 for on-site continuous casting, respectively, and are in mm; l is the total length of the steel belt 5 for simulation, and the unit is mm; v' is the on-site continuous casting billet feeding speed, and the unit is m s -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the V' is the on-site continuous casting billet withdrawal speed, and the unit is m s -1 ；
Step two, setting a cooling medium flow parameter, a monitoring element parameter and a steel belt feeding 5 parameter
Determining the cooling medium flow of a simulation experiment according to the cooling medium flow of each cooling stage of the on-site continuous casting billet by using a flow calculation formula; determining the cooling time of a simulation experiment according to the drawing speed of the on-site continuous casting billet, the height of the crystallizer and the length of the secondary cooling section by using a cooling time calculation formula of each cooling stage;
controlling the casting time to be 0-t after the casting is finished 0 s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q 0 ，t 0 ～t 1 s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q 1 ，t 1 ～t 2 s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q 2 ，t 2 ～t 3 s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q 3 ……t n-1 ～t n s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The flow rate of the cooling medium at each cooling stage is calculated as follows:
crystallizer stage, Q 0 ＝k 0 ×Q 0 '×S/S'
Two-stage cooling and one-stage cooling, Q 1 ＝k 1 ×Q 1 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
Two-stage cooling, Q 2 ＝k 1 ×Q 2 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
Two-stage, three-stage, Q 3 ＝k 1 ×Q 3 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
……
Two cold n stage, Q n ＝k 1 ×Q n ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
The cooling time calculation formula of each cooling stage is as follows:
crystallizer stage, t 0 ＝H 0 '/V'
Two-stage cooling one-stage, t 1 ＝H 1 '/V'
Two stages of cooling, t 2 ＝H 2 '/V'
Two-stage, three-stage, t 3 ＝H 3 '/V'
……
Two cold phases n, t n ＝H n '/V'
Wherein Q is 0 The flow of the cooling medium in the stage of the simulation experiment crystallizer; k (k) 0 The value range of the correction coefficient for the crystallizer stage is 0.36-0.42; q (Q) 0 ' is the cooling medium flow rate of the in-situ continuous casting crystallizer; s and S' are respectively the molten steel cooling area of the simulation experiment and the molten steel cooling area of the on-site continuous casting crystallizer; q (Q) 1 、Q 2 、Q 3 ……Q n The flow of the cooling medium of the second cooling stage, the first cooling stage, the second cooling stage, the third cooling stage … … and the second cooling stage n of the simulation experiment are respectively; k (k) 1 The value range of the correction coefficient is 3.45-3.55;Q 1 '、Q 2 '、Q 3 '……Q n ' the flow of the cooling medium of the second cooling stage, the second cooling stage and the third cooling stage … … second cooling stage n-stage of the field continuous casting respectively; t is t 0 Cooling time of the crystallizer stage is simulated; h 0 ' is the in-situ continuous casting mold height; v' is the on-site continuous casting billet withdrawal speed, and the unit is m s -1 ；t 1 、t 2 、t 3 ……t n The cooling time of the second cooling stage, the first cooling stage, the second cooling stage, the third cooling stage … … and the second cooling stage n of the simulation experiment is respectively; h 1 '、H 2 '、H 3 '……H n ' is the length of the second cooling stage, the second cooling stage and the third cooling stage … … second cooling stage n stage of the site continuous casting machine respectively;
confirming the belt feeding duration time for the simulation experiment according to the production parameters of the on-site continuous casting blank by using a belt feeding duration time calculation formula; calculating the feeding speed for simulation according to the length of the steel belt 5 for simulation and the feeding duration time by using a feeding speed calculation formula; the formula for calculating the feeding duration time is as follows: t is t f ＝v'×(6.32d'-3.25lnΔT+5.53v' -0.32 ) V'; the formula for calculating the feeding belt speed is as follows: v=l/t f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The simulated steel strip 5 is made to be 0 to t after casting is finished f Feeding into the crystallization chamber at a constant velocity v within s, wherein t f The duration of the feeding belt for simulation; delta T is the superheat degree of the molten steel for simulation; v is the feeding belt speed for simulation;
determining the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of the steel strip 5, wherein the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency satisfy the relation: f×s= (v' -v)/4; the steel belt 5 is made to be 0 to t after casting is finished f The vibration amplitude s vibrates at the vibration frequency f in s; wherein f is the vibration frequency; s is the vibration amplitude;
the flow rate of the liquid introduced into the side wall of the crystallization cavity is Q 0 Is a cooling medium of (a);
Step three, simulating the process of continuously casting and feeding steel belts on site
Preparing a steel belt 5 according to the determined thickness d, width w and length l of the steel belt 5 for simulation, controlling the components of the steel belt 5 for simulation to be identical with those of the steel belt for on-site continuous casting, and enabling the steel belt 5 for simulation to be positioned at the top 5 mm-15 mm of the crystallization cavity;
smelting molten steel according to the demand of steel type components, controlling the components and superheat degree of the molten steel to be consistent with those of a site continuous casting billet, and pouring the molten steel into the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity after reaching the target tapping temperature; after casting, carrying out experiments according to preset cooling medium flow parameters, monitoring element parameters and feeding steel belt 5 parameters, and recording data;
analyzing the heat flux density in the solidification process
Calculating and recording real-time heat flux density according to a heat flux density formula to obtain a heat flux density curve; obtaining the influence of different technological parameters on the surface heat flux density in the solidification process of the continuous casting billet by analyzing the heat flux density curve; the formula of the condensation and heat flow density is as follows:
wherein q is heat flux density, (J m) -2 s -1 )，T 1 、T 2 、T 3 、T 4 、T 5 、T 6 The temperatures of different positions of the crystallization cavity are sequentially set; lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the crystallization cavity; x is x 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 The temperature measuring distances of different positions of the crystallization cavity are sequentially measured, wherein the temperature measuring distance is the distance between the temperature measuring position and the contact surface of the molten steel and the crystallization cavity, and the unit is m; c is the specific heat of the cooling medium; is the density of the cooling medium;
Step five, analyzing the solidification structure of the simulation unit
Taking out the ingot after solidification of the ingot, and cutting the ingot to obtain a simulation unit; and the influence of different process parameters on the solidification structure of the continuous casting blank is obtained by detecting the macro structure, the microstructure and the element segregation condition of the simulation unit.
According to the experimental method for simulating the continuous casting crystallizer to feed the steel strip, disclosed by the invention, the cooling intensity of the casting blank in the continuous casting process is reduced by controlling the flow of the cooling medium, the steel strip 5 is fed into the molten steel, and the continuous casting crystallizer strip feeding process is simulated.
When the experimental device for simulating the continuous casting crystallizer to feed the steel belt is used for realizing the experimental method for simulating the continuous casting crystallizer to feed the steel belt, the experimental device comprises the following steps:
step one: confirmation of the size of the inner cavity of the simulation apparatus and the size of the steel strip 5 for simulation
Selecting a target unit on a site continuous casting billet, and determining the length Lu ', the width Wu ' and the height Hu ' of the target unit; when the simulation object is a continuous casting slab, the length Lu '=100 mm-420 mm of the target unit, the width Wu' is equal to the width W 'of the on-site continuous casting slab, and the height Hu' =50 mm-650 mm; setting a simulation unit in the crystallization cavity, wherein the size of the simulation unit is controlled to be the same as that of a target unit, namely, the length lu=lu ', the width wu=wu ' and the height hu=hu '; adjusting the distance between the heat preservation walls 102 at two sides to enable the inner cavity length L=Lu' +80 mm-150 mm of the crystallization cavity of the invention, and adjusting the distance between the water cooling walls 101 to enable the inner cavity width W=wu of the crystallization cavity of the invention; the height of the bottom heat preservation wall 102 is adjusted to enable the height H=Hu+150 mm-200 mm of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity; when the simulation object is a continuous casting billet, the length Lu ' of the target unit is equal to the length L ' of the on-site continuous casting billet, the width Wu ' is equal to the width W ' of the on-site continuous casting billet, and the height Hu ' =50mm-650 mm; setting a simulation unit in the crystallization cavity, wherein the size of the simulation unit is controlled to be the same as that of a target unit, namely, the length lu=lu ', the width wu=wu ' and the height hu=hu '; adjusting the space between the water cooling walls 101 to enable the length L=Lu and the width W=wu of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity of the invention, and adjusting the height of the bottom heat preservation wall 102 to enable the height H=Hu+150 mm-200 mm of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity of the invention;
The thickness d=d', the width w of the simulation steel strip 5 is confirmed to satisfy according to the size of the in-situ continuous casting steel strip 5: w/w=w '/W', length l satisfies: l/h=v '/V'; the feeding ratio of the steel belt 5 for simulation is controlled to be equal to that of the steel belt 5 for the on-site continuous casting slab; simulated steel strip 5 feed ratio = (d×w×l)/(l×w×h) ×100%; the feed ratio of the cast-in-place slab= (d '×w' ×v ')/(L' ×w '×v')×100%. The Lu ', L', lu and L are respectively the length of a target unit, the length of a continuous casting slab or square billet in site, the length of an analog unit and the length of an inner cavity of a crystallization cavity, and the unit is mm; wu ', W', wu, W and are the target unit width, the in-situ continuous casting plate or billet width, the simulation unit width, and the cavity width of the crystallization cavity, respectively, in mm; hu', hu and H are respectively the height of a target unit, the height of an analog unit and the height of an inner cavity of the crystallization cavity of the invention, and the units are mm; d and d' are the thickness of the steel belt 5 for simulation and the thickness of the steel belt 5 for the continuous casting blank on site respectively, and the unit is mm; w and w' are the width of the steel belt 5 for simulation and the width of the steel belt 5 for site continuous casting blank respectively, and the unit is mm; l is the total length of the steel belt 5 for simulation, and the unit is mm; v' is the on-site continuous casting billet feeding speed, and the unit is m s-1; v' is the on-site continuous casting billet withdrawal speed, and the unit is m s-1.
Step two: setting water flow parameters, thermocouple parameters and feeding steel belt 5 parameters
Determining the water flow of the simulation device according to the water flow of each cooling stage of the on-site continuous casting billet by utilizing a water flow calculation formula; determining the cooling time of the simulation device according to the drawing speed of the on-site continuous casting billet, the height of the crystallizer and the length of the secondary cooling section by using a cooling time calculation formula of each cooling stage; turning on the power supply of the control unit 4, setting a water flow control program on special control software built in the control unit 4, and controlling the water flow control program to be 0-t after casting is finished 0 s has water flow of Q 0 ，t 0 ～t 1 s has water flow of Q 1 ，t 1 ～t 2 s has water flow of Q 2 ，t 2 ～t 3 s has water flow of Q 3 ……t n-1 ～t n s has water flow of Q n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The water flow calculation formula of each cooling stage is as follows:
crystallizer stage, Q 0 ＝k 0 ×Q 0 '×S/S'
Two-stage cooling and one-stage cooling, Q 1 ＝k 1 ×Q 1 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
Two-stage cooling, Q 2 ＝k 1 ×Q 2 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
Two-stage, three-stage, Q 3 ＝k 1 ×Q 3 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
……
Two cold n stage, Q n ＝k 1 ×Q n ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
The cooling time calculation formula of each cooling stage is as follows:
crystallizer stage, t 0 ＝H 0 '/V'
Two-stage cooling one-stage, t 1 ＝H 1 '/V'
Two stages of cooling, t 2 ＝H 2 '/V'
Two-stage, three-stage, t 3 ＝H 3 '/V'
……
Two cold phases n, t n ＝H n '/V'
Wherein Q is 0 The unit of the flow of the cooling medium in the stage of the simulated experiment crystallizer is L.min -1 ；k 0 The value range of the correction coefficient for the crystallizer stage is 0.36-0.42; q (Q) 0 ' Cooling medium flow for in-situ continuous casting crystallizer, unit is L.min -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S and S' are respectively the molten steel cooling area of the simulation experiment and the molten steel cooling area of the on-site continuous casting crystallizer, and the unit is m 2 ；Q 1 、Q 2 、Q 3 ……Q n The flow rate of the cooling medium of the two-cooling one-stage, the two-cooling two-stage, the two-cooling three-stage … … two-cooling n-stage of the simulation experiment is L.min -1 ；k 1 The value range of the correction coefficient is 3.45-3.55; q (Q) 1 '、Q 2 '、Q 3 '……Q n ' the flow of the cooling medium of the two-cooling one-stage, the two-cooling two-stage and the two-cooling three-stage … … two-cooling n-stage of the field continuous casting is L.min -1 ；t 0 The cooling time of the simulation experiment crystallizer stage is s; h 0 ' is the height of the on-site continuous casting crystallizer, and the unit is m; v' is the on-site continuous casting billet withdrawal speed, and the unit is m.s -1 ；t 1 、t 2 、t 3 ……t n Respectively two-cooling first stage, two-cooling second stage, two-cooling third stage of simulation experimentThe cooling time of the second cooling stage n of the section … … is expressed as s; h 1 '、H 2 '、H 3 '……H n ' is the length of the two-cooling one-stage, two-cooling two-stage and two-cooling three-stage … … two-cooling n-stage of the continuous casting machine respectively, and the unit is m.
Inputting the temperature measuring distances of thermocouple C-1, thermocouple C-2, thermocouple C-3 and thermocouple C-4 in the special control software arranged in the control unit 4; the temperature measurement distance is the distance between the thermocouple temperature measurement point and the hot surface of the copper plate 105.
Confirming the continuous time of the feeding belt for simulation according to the production parameters of the on-site continuous casting by using a continuous time calculation formula of the feeding belt; calculating the feeding speed for simulation according to the length of the steel belt 5 for simulation and the feeding duration time by using a feeding speed calculation formula; the formula for calculating the feeding duration time is as follows: t is t f ＝v'×(6.32d'-3.25lnΔT+5.53v' -0.32 ) V'; the formula for calculating the feeding belt speed is as follows: v=l/t f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The special control software built in the control unit 4 is used for setting a feeding speed control program of the steel belt 5, and sending instructions to the motor and the control unit 4 to enable the steel belt 5 to be 0-t after casting is finished f And feeding the mixture into the cavity of the crystallizer of the simulation device at a constant speed v in s. Wherein t is f For the simulated tape feed duration,(s); delta T is the superheat degree of the molten steel for simulation, (DEGC); v is the speed of the feeding belt for simulation, (m s) -1 )。
Determining the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of the steel strip 5, wherein the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency satisfy the relation: f×s= (v' -v)/4; setting a vibration parameter control program of the steel belt 5 on special control software built in the control unit 4, and giving instructions to the control unit 4 and the vibrator 302 to enable the steel belt 5 to be 0-t after casting is finished f The vibration amplitude s vibrates at the vibration frequency f in s; wherein f is the vibration frequency, (Hz); s is the vibration amplitude, (mm).
The power supply of the water pump 110 is started, and the electromagnetic valve 11 is controlled to lead the flow rate to the two water cooling walls 101 in advance to be Q by using special control software built in the control unit 4 0 Is a cooling water of (a).
The power supply of the paperless recorder 202 is turned on, and the dedicated control software built in the control unit 4 and the paperless recorder 202 are in a pre-recording preparation state.
The power supplies of the control unit 4 and the vibrator 302 are turned on, and the control unit 4 and the vibrator 302 are put in a standby state.
Step three: simulating on-site continuous casting steel strip feeding process
Preparing a steel strip 5 according to the determined thickness d, width w and length l of the steel strip 5 for simulation, controlling the composition of the steel strip 5 for simulation to be identical to that of the steel strip for in-situ continuous casting, and mounting the steel strip 5 to the connecting rod 303; the height of the steel belt 5 is adjusted so that the bottom of the steel belt 5 is 5 mm-15 mm higher than the top of the copper plate 105;
smelting molten steel according to the demand of steel type components, controlling the components and superheat degree of the molten steel to be consistent with those of a site continuous casting billet, and pouring the molten steel into an inner cavity of a simulation device after reaching a target tapping temperature; after casting, adding 300-400 g of heating agent to the surface of slag; meanwhile, a preset water flow control program, a preset feeding speed control program and a preset vibration parameter control program of the steel belt 5 are run on special control software built in the control unit 4, and real-time temperature data are recorded by the paperless recorder 202.
Step four: analysis of Heat flux density during solidification
Calculating and recording real-time heat flux density by using a control unit 4 according to a heat flux density formula to obtain a heat flux density curve; obtaining the influence of different technological parameters on the surface heat flux density in the solidification process of the continuous casting billet by analyzing the heat flux density curve; after solidification, the heat flux density curve can be compared with the heat flux density of the on-site continuous casting billet, and the accuracy of the simulation experiment is confirmed. The heat flux density formula is:
wherein q is heat flux density, (J m) -2 s -1 )，T 1 、T 2 、T 3 、T 4 、T 5 、T 6 The temperatures of the thermocouple C-1, the thermocouple C-2, the thermocouple C-3, the thermocouple C-4, the thermocouple C-5 and the thermocouple C-6 are sequentially shown in the specification of (DEG C); lambda is the thermal conductivity of copper, (W m) -1 ℃ -1 )；x 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 The temperature measuring distances (m) of the thermocouple C-1, the thermocouple C-2, the thermocouple C-3 and the thermocouple C-4 are sequentially shown; c is the specific heat of cooling water, (J kg) -1 ℃ -1 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the To the density of cooling water, (kg m) -3 )。
Step five: analysis of the coagulated tissue of a simulation unit
Taking out the ingot after solidification of the ingot, and cutting the ingot to obtain a simulation unit; and the influence of different process parameters on the solidification structure of the continuous casting blank is obtained by detecting the macro structure, the microstructure and the element segregation condition of the simulation unit.
In other embodiments of the invention, the in-situ continuous casting slab is a slab of a continuous casting production stable section; when the continuous casting slab is simulated, the target unit is selected to be positioned in the 1/6W 'to 5/6W' area, so that the solidification structure of the target unit can be ensured not to be influenced by the heat flow of the narrow surface of the continuous casting slab.
In addition, the distance between the bottom surface of the simulation unit and the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the crystallizer of the simulation device is more than or equal to 50mm.
It is also emphasized that in the cast ingot produced by the present invention, only the solidification structure of the region where the simulation unit is located is the solidification structure of the continuous casting slab simulated by the present invention.
The experimental method for simulating the continuous casting mold feeding of steel strip according to the present invention will be further explained by means of specific examples.
Example 1
Simulating steel strip feeding process of continuous casting crystallizer
In the embodiment, molten steel in the number 1 to number 6 furnace times is smelted together, the steel grade is 254SMO, wherein the number 1 to number 4 furnace times is implemented steel grade, and the method is adopted to carry out simulated belt feeding experiments; and the 5# to 6# heats are comparison steel grades, and an industrial continuous casting machine is adopted for belt feeding production. The 2# implementation steel type simulates the feeding process parameters and solidification structures of the 5# comparison steel type, the 5# implementation steel type simulates the feeding process parameters and solidification structures of the 7# comparison steel type, and the 1# to 3# implementation steel type simulates the solidification structures of continuous casting billets under different crystallizer sizes, steel strip 5 sizes, feeding ratios and feeding speeds. Smelting raw materials of the No. 1-No. 3 implementation steel types are all taken from a No. 4 comparison steel type 254SMO continuous casting slab.
The experiment comprises the following specific steps:
step one: confirmation of the lumen size of the simulator and the size of the steel strip 5
Selecting a target unit on a site continuous casting billet, and determining the length L of the target unit u ' width W u ' and height H u 'A'; length L of target unit when the simulation object is continuous casting slab u ' =100 mm to 420mm, width W u 'equal to the width W' of the continuous casting slab, the height H u ' 50mm to 650mm; the crystallization cavity of the present embodiment is provided with a simulation unit, and the simulation unit is controlled to have the same size as the target unit, i.e. the length L of the simulation unit u ＝L u ' width W u ＝W u ' height H u ＝H u 'A'; the length L=L of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity of the embodiment u ' +80mm to 150mm, so that the cavity width W=W of the crystallization cavity of this embodiment u The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The height H=H of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity of the embodiment u +150mm ~ 200mm; length L of target unit when the simulation object is continuous casting billet u 'equal to the length L' and width W of the in-situ continuous casting square billet u 'equal to the width W' of the in-situ continuous casting billet, the height H u ' 50mm to 650mm; the crystallization cavity of the present embodiment is provided with a simulation unit, and the simulation unit is controlled to have the same size as the target unit, i.e. the length L of the simulation unit u ＝L u ' width W u ＝W u ' height H u ＝H u 'A'; the length L=L of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity of the embodiment u Width w=w u Height h=h u +150mm～200mm；
The thickness d=d' mm and the width w of the steel strip 5 for simulating the 1# to 3# steel type were confirmed to satisfy: w/w=w '/W' mm, length l satisfies: l/h=v '/V' mm; the feeding ratio of the steel belt 5 for simulation is controlled to be equal to the feeding ratio of the steel belt for the continuous casting blank on site; the feeding ratio of the steel strip for simulation 5= (d×w×l)/(l×w×h) ×100%; the feed ratio of the cast slab was = (d '×w' ×v ')/(L' ×w '×v')×100%The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein L is u '、L'、L u L is the length of a target unit, the length of a continuous casting slab or square billet in site, the length of an analog unit and the length of an inner cavity of a crystallization cavity respectively, and the units are mm; w (W) u '、W'、W u W and W are the width of the target unit, the width of the on-site continuous casting plate or square billet, the width of the simulation unit and the width of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity respectively, and the unit is mm; h u '、H u And H is the height of the target unit, the height of the analog unit and the height of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity of the invention, respectively, and the unit is mm; d and d' are the thickness of the steel belt for simulation and the thickness of the steel belt for the continuous casting blank on site respectively, and the unit is mm; w and w' are the width of the steel strip for simulation and the width of the steel strip for the continuous casting blank on site respectively, and the unit is mm; l is the total length of the steel belt for simulation, and the unit is mm; v' is the on-site continuous casting billet feeding speed, and the unit is m s -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the V' is the on-site continuous casting billet withdrawal speed, and the unit is m s -1 。
Table 1 process parameters used in continuous casting and simulation apparatus
Step two: setting water flow parameters, thermocouple parameters and feeding steel belt 5 parameters
Determining the water flow of the simulation device according to the water flow of each cooling stage of the on-site continuous casting billet by utilizing a water flow calculation formula; determining the cooling time of the simulation device according to the drawing speed of the on-site continuous casting billet, the height of the crystallizer and the length of the secondary cooling section by using a cooling time calculation formula of each cooling stage; setting a water flow control program on special control software built in the control unit 4 to control 0-t after casting is finished 0 s has water flow of Q 0 ，t 0 ～t 1 s has water flow of Q 1 ，t 1 ～t 2 s has water flow of Q 2 ，t 2 ～t 3 s has water flow of Q 3 ……t n-1 ～t n s has water flow of Q n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The water flow calculation formula of each cooling stage is as follows:
crystallizer stage, Q 0 ＝k 0 ×Q 0 '×S/S'
Two-stage cooling and one-stage cooling, Q 1 ＝k 1 ×Q 1 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
Two-stage cooling, Q 2 ＝k 1 ×Q 2 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
Two-stage, three-stage, Q 3 ＝k 1 ×Q 3 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
……
Two cold n stage, Q n ＝k 1 ×Q n ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
The cooling time calculation formula of each cooling stage is as follows:
crystallizer stage, t 0 ＝H 0 '/V'
Two-stage cooling one-stage, t 1 ＝H 1 '/V'
Two stages of cooling, t 2 ＝H 2 '/V'
Two-stage, three-stage, t 3 ＝H 3 '/V'
……
Two cold phases n, t n ＝H n '/V'
Wherein Q is 0 For simulating the cooling water flow rate of the crystallizer stage of the device, (L.min) -1 )；k 0 The value range of the correction coefficient for the crystallizer stage is 0.36-0.42; q (Q) 0 ' Cooling Water flow of in-situ continuous casting crystallizer, (L.min) -1 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S and S' are the area of the copper plate 105 of the simulation device and the area of the copper plate of the in-situ continuous casting mold, respectively, (m) 2 )；Q 1 、Q 2 、Q 3 ……Q n The cooling water flow rates of the two-cooling one-stage, the two-cooling two-stage, the two-cooling three-stage … … and the two-cooling n-stage of the simulation device are respectively (L.min) -1 )；k 1 The value range of the correction coefficient is 3.45-3.55; q (Q) 1 '、Q 2 '、Q 3 '……Q n ' the cooling water flow rates of two-cooling first stage, two-cooling second stage and two-cooling third stage … … two-cooling n stage of field continuous casting respectively, (L.min) -1 )；t 0 For cooling the mould stage of the simulation apparatusInter,(s); h 0 ' is the in-situ continuous casting crystallizer height, (m); v' is the drawing speed of the continuous casting blank in site, (m.s) -1 )；t 1 、t 2 、t 3 ……t n The cooling time of the simulation device of the second cooling stage one, the second cooling stage two and the second cooling stage three … … of the second cooling stage n of the simulation device respectively,(s); h 1 '、H 2 '、H 3 '……H n ' is the length of the two-cooling one-stage, the two-cooling two-stage and the two-cooling three-stage … … two-cooling n-stage of the continuous casting machine respectively, (m). The water flow calculation parameters are shown in table 2.
Table 2 water flow calculation parameters
Inputting the temperature measuring distances of thermocouple C-1, thermocouple C-2, thermocouple C-3 and thermocouple C-4 in the special control software arranged in the control unit 4; the temperature measurement distance is the distance between the thermocouple temperature measurement point and the hot surface of the copper plate 105. Thermocouple placement parameters are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 thermocouple placement parameters
Confirming the continuous time of feeding the strip for simulation according to the production parameters of the on-site continuous casting billet by using a continuous time calculation formula of feeding the strip; calculating the feeding speed for simulation according to the length of the steel belt 5 for simulation and the feeding duration time by using a feeding speed calculation formula; the formula for calculating the feeding duration time is as follows: t is t f ＝v'×(6.32d'-3.25lnΔT+5.53v' -0.32 ) V'; the formula for calculating the feeding belt speed is as follows: v=l/t f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The special control software built in the control unit 4 is set with a feeding speed control program of the steel belt 5, and instructions are sent to the control unit 4 and the motor to enable the steel belt 5 to be 0-t after casting is finished f And feeding the mixture into the cavity of the crystallizer of the simulation device at a constant speed v in s. Wherein t is f For the simulated tape feed duration,(s); delta T is the superheat degree of the molten steel for simulation (DEG C)) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the v is the speed of the feeding belt for simulation, (m s) -1 ). The feed rate parameters of the simulation apparatus are shown in table 4.
Determining the vibration amplitude and vibration frequency of the steel type strip 5 of the 1# implementation steel to the 3# implementation steel, wherein the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency satisfy the relation: f×s= (v' -v)/4; setting a vibration parameter control program of the steel belt 5 on special control software built in the control unit 4, and giving instructions to the control unit 4 and the vibrator 302 to enable the steel belt 5 to be 0-t after casting is finished f The vibration amplitude s vibrates at the vibration amplitude frequency f in s; wherein f is the vibration frequency, (Hz); s is the amplitude of vibration, (mm); the vibration parameters of the simulation apparatus are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 feeding speed parameters and vibration parameters of simulation apparatus
The power supply of the water pump 110 is started, and the electromagnetic valve 11 is controlled to lead the flow rate of the two water-cooled walls 101 of the 1# implementation steel to the 3# implementation steel to be Q in advance by using special control software built in the control unit 4 0 Is a cooling water of (a).
The power supply of the paperless recorder 202 is turned on, and the dedicated control software built in the control unit 4 and the paperless recorder 202 are in a pre-recording preparation state.
The power supply to the vibrator 302 and the control unit 4 is turned on, and the vibrator 302 and the control unit 4 are controlled to be in a standby state.
It is important to emphasize that the water is introduced in advance to remove the gas in the crystallizer and improve the experimental safety. Meanwhile, the pre-water supply can also avoid experimental errors caused by unstable water flow in the starting stage of the water pump 110.
Step three: simulation of steel strip feeding process of on-site continuous casting slab
Preparing a steel strip 5 according to the determined thickness d, width w and length L of the steel strip 5 for simulation, controlling the composition of the steel strip 5 for simulation to be 904L which is the same as that of the steel strip for the on-site continuous casting slab, and mounting the steel strip 5 to the connecting rod 303; the height of the steel belt 5 is adjusted so that the bottom of the steel belt 5 is 5 mm-15 mm higher than the top of the copper plate 105;
And cutting a plurality of steel blocks from the 4# comparison steel grade to be used as smelting raw materials of the 1# implementation steel grade to the 3# implementation steel grade. And smelting molten steel, wherein the casting superheat degree of the steel grades 1 to 3 is controlled to be the same as the respective corresponding on-site continuous casting superheat degree, and the molten steel is poured into the inner cavity of the simulation device after the target tapping temperature is reached. After casting, 300-400 g of heating agent is added to the surface of slag.
Meanwhile, a preset water flow control program, a preset feeding speed control program and a preset vibration parameter control program of the steel belt 5 are run on special control software built in the control unit 4, and real-time temperature data are recorded by the paperless recorder 202.
Step four: analysis of Heat flux density during solidification
Calculating and recording the heat flux density of the actual 1# implementation steel grade to the actual 3# implementation steel grade by using the control unit 4 according to a heat flux density formula to obtain a heat flux density curve; analyzing the influence of the technological parameters of the steel feeding belt 5 on the surface heat flux density in the solidification process of the continuous casting blank through a heat flux density curve; and after solidification, comparing the heat flux density curve of the No. 2 implemented steel grade with the heat flux density of the on-site continuous casting billet of the No. 4 comparative steel grade, and confirming the accuracy of the simulation experiment. The heat flux density formula is:
wherein q is heat flux density, (J m) -2 s -1 )，T 1 、T 2 、T 3 、T 4 、T 5 、T 6 The temperatures of the thermocouple C-1, the thermocouple C-2, the thermocouple C-3, the thermocouple C-4, the thermocouple C-5 and the thermocouple C-6 are sequentially shown in the specification of (DEG C); lambda is the thermal conductivity of copper, (W m) -1 ℃ -1 )；x 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 The temperature measuring distances (m) of the thermocouple C-1, the thermocouple C-2, the thermocouple C-3 and the thermocouple C-4 are sequentially shown; c is the specific heat of cooling water, (J kg) -1 ℃ -1 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the To the density of cooling water, (kg m) -3 )。
Step five: analysis of the coagulated tissue of a simulation unit
Taking out the 1# implemented steel grade to 4# implemented steel grade after solidification is completed, cutting out the cross section of the position of 1/2 height position of the simulation unit by using linear cutting, and cutting off the cast ingot outside the area where the simulation unit is positioned to obtain the cross section of the simulation unit; meanwhile, intercepting and obtaining the cross section of the on-site continuous casting blank from the 5# to 6# comparison steel grade; sequentially polishing the cross sections by a grinder, etching by aqua regia to obtain a macroscopic structure, and executing subsequent analysis; the analysis of example 4 was performed by cutting a 10mm×10mm metallographic specimen from the edge to the center on the above cross section using wire cutting, grinding and polishing the metallographic specimen, and electropolishing with aqua regia to obtain a microstructure. The analysis of example 5 was performed on the above cross section by chemical analysis.
Thermal flow density detection
The heat flux density curve of the implemented steel grade is obtained by adopting the heat flux density calculation method; and measuring the heat flux density value of the fixed monitoring point by using continuous casting on-site monitoring software to obtain the heat flux density value of the monitoring point of the comparison steel grade, wherein the heat flux density statistical results of the 1# to 3# implementation steel grade and the 4# comparison steel grade are shown in figure 3. In fig. 3, the heat flux density change rule of the 2# embodiment is the same as that of the 4# comparative example, which indicates that the simulation device of the invention can accurately restore the heat flux density change rule of the surface of the continuous casting billet in the process of feeding the steel strip to the crystallizer. Meanwhile, the heat flux density of continuous casting billets under different crystallizer sizes, steel strip 5 sizes, feeding speeds and feeding ratio parameters can be obtained by analyzing the heat flux density of the steel grades of 1# to 3# implementation.
Macroscopic tissue detection
Macroscopic structure photographs of the 1# to 3# implementation steel grade and the 4# comparison steel grade are shot by using a digital camera, the occupation ratio of equiaxed crystals and columnar crystals is counted by using IPP6.0 software, and the counted result is shown in figure 4. In fig. 3, the crystal area ratios of the 2# example and the 4# comparative example are almost the same, and it is explained that the simulation apparatus and method of the present invention can accurately simulate the macroscopic structure of the continuous casting slab after feeding the steel strip 5. By comparing and analyzing the macroscopic structures of the steel grades 1# to 3#, the influence rules of the macroscopic structures of the continuous casting billets, which are influenced by the parameters of the sizes of the crystallizer, the sizes of the steel belts 5, the feeding speeds and the feeding ratios, can be obtained.
Microstructure detection
Microscopic structure photographs of the 1# to 3# implemented steel grade and the 4# comparative steel grade were taken by using a metallographic microscope, and secondary dendrite spacing was counted by using IPP6.0 software, and the counted results are shown in fig. 5. In fig. 5, the secondary dendrite spacing of the 2# implemented steel grade gradually increases from 19 μm at the edge to 82 μm at the core, and the trend of the change is the same as that of the 4# comparative steel grade, which shows that the simulation apparatus and method of the present invention can accurately simulate the microstructure of the continuous casting slab after feeding the steel strip 5. The microscopic structure of the steel grade is implemented through comparative analysis of No. 1-No. 3, and the influence rule of the parameters of different crystallizer sizes, steel strip 5 sizes, feeding speeds and feeding ratios on the microscopic structure of the continuous casting billet can be obtained.
Mo segregation detection
The Mo element content of the 1# to 3# implemented steel grade, 4# comparative steel grade, was measured by chemical analysis, and the measurement results are shown in fig. 6. In fig. 6, the Mo content of the steel grade 2# implementation increases from 5.9% to 6.8% from the edge to the center of the ingot, and the same trend as that of the comparative example 4# indicates that the simulation apparatus and method of the present invention can accurately simulate the Mo element distribution of the continuous casting billet after feeding the steel strip 5. By comparing and analyzing Mo element distribution of the steel types 1# to 3#, the influence rules of different crystallizer sizes, steel belt 5 sizes, feeding speeds and feeding ratio parameters on Mo segregation of the continuous casting billet can be obtained.
The invention controls the thickness of the steel belt 5, the ratio of the width of the steel belt 5 to the width of the crystallizer, the feeding ratio parameter of the steel belt 5 and the continuous casting steel belt 5 parameter to make the action range of the steel belt 5 similar to the continuous casting steel belt feeding process. The relative speed of the molten steel and the steel belt 5 in the continuous casting process is simulated by controlling the vibration frequency and the vibration amplitude, so that the heat exchange condition of the steel belt 5 and the molten steel is similar to the continuous casting steel belt feeding process. Meanwhile, the temperature of the molten steel near the last molten steel band 5 in the simulation device is approximate to the temperature of the molten steel near the last molten steel band 5 in the site continuous casting blank by controlling the end time of the band feeding. Finally, the process of feeding the steel belt of the continuous casting crystallizer is accurately reduced, the solidification structure which is nearly the same as the actual situation is obtained, and good guarantee is provided for the system to conveniently research the process of feeding the steel belt of the continuous casting crystallizer.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An experimental device for simulating feeding of steel belts to a continuous casting crystallizer, comprising:
the crystallization unit comprises a water cooling wall and a base;
when a continuous casting slab is simulated, the crystallization unit further comprises two heat preservation walls, the number of the water cooling walls and the number of the heat preservation walls are two, the two water cooling walls are arranged in parallel, the water cooling walls are arranged in parallel to the side face with larger area of the simulated continuous casting slab, the two heat preservation walls are arranged in parallel, the heat preservation walls are perpendicular to the water cooling walls, the base is positioned at the bottoms of the water cooling walls and the heat preservation walls, and the water cooling walls, the heat preservation walls and the base enclose a crystallization cavity capable of containing melt;
when a continuous casting billet is simulated, the number of the water-cooling walls is four, the adjacent water-cooling walls are mutually vertical, the base is positioned at the bottom of a structure surrounded by the water-cooling walls, and the water-cooling walls and the base form a crystallization cavity capable of containing melt;
a cooling channel is arranged in the water cooling wall and is communicated with a cooling medium source, and heat preservation layers are arranged on one sides of the heat preservation wall and the base, which are close to the crystallization cavity;
The temperature monitoring unit comprises a test element, and the test element can monitor the temperatures of the water-cooled wall and the cooling medium in the cooling channel;
the feeding belt unit comprises a feeding belt sliding table, a vibrator and a connecting rod, wherein the connecting rod can fix a steel belt, the feeding belt sliding table can drive the connecting rod to slide reciprocally, the steel belt can extend into the crystallization cavity, the vibrator is connected with the connecting rod, the vibrator can transmit vibration to the connecting rod and the steel belt, and the reciprocal motion direction of the feeding belt sliding table is parallel to the height direction of the crystallization cavity;
selecting a target unit on a site continuous casting blank, setting a cooling medium flow parameter and a steel strip feeding parameter to reduce the change process of the cooling intensity of the surface of the continuous casting blank along with time, simulating the site continuous casting steel strip feeding process, analyzing the heat flow density of a solidification process, obtaining a simulation unit after solidification is finished, and analyzing the solidification structure of the simulation unit;
when the experimental device for feeding the steel belt by using the simulated continuous casting crystallizer is used for experiments, the experimental device specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, confirming the inner cavity size of a crystallization cavity and the size of a steel belt for simulation
Selecting a target unit on a site continuous casting billet, and determining the length L of the target unit u ' width W u ' and height H u '；
When the target unit is a continuous casting slab, the length L of the target unit u ' =100 mm to 420mm, width W u 'equal to the width W' of the continuous casting slab, the height H u ' 50mm to 650mm; setting a simulation unit in the crystallization cavity, and controlling the dimension of the simulation unit to be the same as the dimension of the target unit, namely the length L of the simulation unit u ＝L u ' width W u ＝W u ' height H u ＝H u 'A'; so that the inner cavity length of the crystallization cavity is L=L u ' 80mm to 150mm, so that the inner cavity width W=W of the crystallization cavity u The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the So that the height H=H of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity u +150mm～200mm；
When the target unit is a continuous casting billet, the length L of the target unit u 'equal to the length L' and width W of the in-situ continuous casting square billet u 'equal to the width W' of the in-situ continuous casting billet, the height H u ' 50mm to 650mm; setting a simulation unit in the crystallization cavity, and controlling the size of the simulation unit and the target unitThe dimensions are the same, i.e. the length L of the analog units u ＝L u ' width W u ＝W u ' height H u ＝H u 'A'; so that the inner cavity length L=L of the crystallization cavity u Width w=w u Height h=h u +150mm～200mm；
The thickness d=d' mm and the width w of the simulation steel strip are confirmed to satisfy according to the size of the on-site continuous casting steel strip: w/w=w '/W' mm, length l satisfies: l/h=v '/V' mm; and controlling the feeding ratio of the steel belt for simulation to be equal to the feeding ratio of the steel belt for on-site continuous casting;
The steel strip feed ratio for simulation= (d×w×l)/(l×w×h) ×100%; the feed ratio of the steel strip for site continuous casting= (D '×w' ×v ')/(D' ×w '×v')×100%;
wherein L is u '、L'、L u L is the length of the target unit, the length of the on-site continuous casting billet, the length of the simulation unit and the length of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity respectively, and the units are mm; w (W) u '、W'、W u W is the width of the target unit, the width of the site continuous casting billet, the width of the simulation unit and the width of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity respectively, and the units are mm; h u '、H u And H is the height of the target unit, the height of the simulation unit and the height of the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity respectively, wherein the units are mm; d and d' are the thickness of the steel strip for simulation and the thickness of the steel strip for on-site continuous casting respectively, and the unit is mm; w and w' are the width of the steel strip for simulation and the width of the steel strip for on-site continuous casting respectively, and the unit is mm; l is the total length of the steel belt for simulation, and the unit is mm; v' is the on-site continuous casting billet feeding speed, and the unit is m s -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the V' is the on-site continuous casting billet withdrawal speed, and the unit is m s -1 ；
Step two, setting flow parameters of cooling medium, parameters of monitoring elements and parameters of steel belt feeding
Determining the cooling medium flow of a simulation experiment according to the cooling medium flow of each cooling stage of the on-site continuous casting by using a flow calculation formula; determining the cooling time of a simulation experiment according to the drawing speed of the on-site continuous casting billet, the height of the crystallizer and the length of the secondary cooling section by using a cooling time calculation formula of each cooling stage;
Controlling the casting time to be 0-t after the casting is finished 0 s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q 0 ，t 0 ～t 1 s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q 1 ，t 1 ～t 2 s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q 2 ，t 2 ～t 3 s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q 3 ……t n-1 ～t n s has a cooling medium flow rate of Q n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The flow rate of the cooling medium at each cooling stage is calculated as follows:
crystallizer stage, Q 0 ＝k 0 ×Q 0 '×S/S'
Two-stage cooling and one-stage cooling, Q 1 ＝k 1 ×Q 1 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
Two-stage cooling, Q 2 ＝k 1 ×Q 2 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
Two-stage, three-stage, Q 3 ＝k 1 ×Q 3 ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
……
Two cold n stage, Q n ＝k 1 ×Q n ' 0.89 ×W/W'+40
The cooling time calculation formula of each cooling stage is as follows:
crystallizer stage, t 0 ＝H 0 '/V'
Two-stage cooling one-stage, t 1 ＝H 1 '/V'
Two stages of cooling, t 2 ＝H 2 '/V'
Two-stage, three-stage, t 3 ＝H 3 '/V'
……
Two cold phases n, t n ＝H n '/V'
Wherein Q is 0 The unit of the flow of the cooling medium in the stage of the simulated experiment crystallizer is L.min -1 ；k 0 The value range of the correction coefficient for the crystallizer stage is 0.36-0.42; q (Q) 0 ' Cooling medium flow for in-situ continuous casting crystallizer, unit is L.min -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S and S' are respectively the molten steel cooling area of the simulation experiment and the molten steel cooling area of the on-site continuous casting crystallizer, and the unit is m 2 ；Q 1 、Q 2 、Q 3 ……Q n The flow rate of the cooling medium of the two-cooling one-stage, the two-cooling two-stage, the two-cooling three-stage … … two-cooling n-stage of the simulation experiment is L.min -1 ；k 1 The value range of the correction coefficient is 3.45-3.55; q (Q) 1 '、Q 2 '、Q 3 '……Q n ' the flow of the cooling medium of the two-cooling one-stage, the two-cooling two-stage and the two-cooling three-stage … … two-cooling n-stage of the field continuous casting is L.min -1 ；t 0 The cooling time of the simulation experiment crystallizer stage is s; h 0 ' is the height of the on-site continuous casting crystallizer, and the unit is m; v' is the on-site continuous casting billet withdrawal speed, and the unit is m.s -1 ；t 1 、t 2 、t 3 ……t n The cooling time of the two-cooling first stage, the two-cooling second stage and the two-cooling third stage … … two-cooling n stage of the simulation experiment is s; h 1 '、H 2 '、H 3 '……H n ' the length of the two-cooling one-stage, the two-cooling two-stage and the two-cooling three-stage … … two-cooling n-stage of the site continuous casting machine is m respectively;
confirming the belt feeding duration time for the simulation experiment according to the production parameters of the on-site continuous casting blank by using a belt feeding duration time calculation formula; calculating the feeding speed for simulation according to the length and the feeding duration of the steel belt for simulation by using a feeding speed calculation formula; the formula for calculating the feeding duration time is as follows: t is t f ＝v'×(6.32d'-3.25lnΔT+5.53v' -0.32 ) V'; the formula for calculating the feeding belt speed is as follows: v=l/t f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The simulated steel strip is made to be 0 to t after casting is finished f Feeding into the crystallization chamber at a constant velocity v within s, wherein t f The duration of the feeding belt for simulation; delta T is the superheat degree of the molten steel for simulation; v is the feeding belt speed for simulation;
determining the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of the steel belt, wherein the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency satisfy the relation: f×s= (v' -v)/4; after casting is finished, the steel belt is 0 to t f The vibration amplitude s vibrates at the vibration frequency f in s; wherein f is the vibration frequency; s is the vibration amplitude;
introducing flow Q into the side wall of the crystallization cavity 0 Is a cooling medium of (a);
step three, simulating the process of continuously casting and feeding steel belts on site
Preparing a steel belt according to the determined thickness d, width w and length l of the steel belt for simulation, controlling the components of the steel belt for simulation to be identical to those of the steel belt for on-site continuous casting, and enabling the steel belt for simulation to be positioned at the top of the crystallization cavity by 5 mm-15 mm;
smelting molten steel according to the demand of steel type components, controlling the components and superheat degree of the molten steel to be consistent with those of a site continuous casting billet, and pouring the molten steel into the inner cavity of the crystallization cavity after reaching the target tapping temperature; after casting, carrying out experiments according to preset cooling medium flow parameters, monitoring element parameters and steel belt feeding parameters, and recording data;
analyzing the heat flux density in the solidification process
Calculating and recording real-time heat flux density according to a heat flux density formula to obtain a heat flux density curve; obtaining the influence of different technological parameters on the surface heat flux density in the solidification process of the continuous casting billet by analyzing the heat flux density curve; the heat flux density formula is:
wherein q is heat flux density, (J m) -2 s -1 )，T 1 、T 2 、T 3 、T 4 、T 5 、T 6 The temperatures of different positions of the crystallization cavity are sequentially set as the unit of the temperature; lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the crystallization cavity and the unit is W m -1 ℃ -1 ；x 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 The temperature measuring distances of different positions of the crystallization cavity are sequentially measured, wherein the temperature measuring distance is the distance between the temperature measuring position and the contact surface of molten steel and the crystallization cavity, and the unit is m; c is the specific heat unit of the cooling medium J kg -1 ℃ -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the For cooling water density, the unit is kg m -3 ；
Step five, analyzing the solidification structure of the simulation unit
Taking out the ingot after solidification of the ingot, and cutting the ingot to obtain the simulation unit; and obtaining the influence of different process parameters on the solidification structure of the continuous casting billet by detecting the macro structure, the microstructure and the element segregation condition of the simulation unit.
2. The experimental apparatus for simulating strip feeding in a continuous casting mold according to claim 1, wherein: the water cooling wall comprises a copper plate and a water jacket, wherein a U-shaped groove is formed in the copper plate, the copper plate is connected with the water jacket, the water jacket and the U-shaped groove enclose the cooling channel, the heat insulation layer comprises refractory bricks and heat insulation plates, and the copper plate and the refractory bricks form the inner wall of the crystallization cavity; the cooling channels are parallel to the height direction of the crystallization cavity, the number of the cooling channels is multiple, and the cooling channels are distributed at equal intervals; the cooling channels are communicated with the cooling medium source, a pressure equalizing cavity is arranged between the cooling channels and the cooling medium source, and a valve and a water pump are also arranged between the cooling channels and the cooling medium source; the cross section of the cooling channel is rectangular, the length of the cross section of the cooling channel is 8-15 mm, the width of the cross section of the cooling channel is 4-8 mm, and the interval between every two adjacent cooling channels is 10-16 mm.
3. The experimental apparatus for simulating strip feeding in a continuous casting mold according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature monitoring unit further comprises a paperless recorder, the test elements are connected with the paperless recorder, the test elements are thermocouples, and the number of the test elements is multiple groups.
4. The experimental apparatus for simulating strip feeding in a continuous casting mold according to claim 1, wherein: the vibrator can transmit vibration to the steel belt, and the vibration direction of the steel belt is parallel to the height direction of the crystallization cavity.
5. The experimental apparatus for simulating strip feeding in a continuous casting mold according to claim 4, wherein: the vibration frequency f=1-8000 Hz and the vibration amplitude s is less than or equal to 1mm.
6. The experimental apparatus for simulating strip feeding in a continuous casting mold according to claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a control unit, wherein the crystallization unit, the temperature monitoring unit and the belt feeding unit are all connected with the control unit.
7. The experimental apparatus for simulating strip feeding in a continuous casting mold according to claim 1, wherein: when a continuous casting slab is simulated, the distance between the two heat-preserving walls is the length of the crystallization cavity, the distance between the two water-cooling walls is the width of the crystallization cavity, and the distances between the tops of the water-cooling walls and the heat-preserving walls and the top of the base are the height of the crystallization cavity;
When a continuous casting billet is simulated, the maximum distance between two water cooling walls which are arranged oppositely is the length of the crystallization cavity, the minimum distance between two water cooling walls which are arranged oppositely is the width of the crystallization cavity, and the distance between the top of the water cooling walls and the top of the base is the height of the crystallization cavity;
the length L=80 mm-500 mm of the crystallization cavity, the width W=80 mm-500 mm of the crystallization cavity, and the height H=200 mm-800 mm of the crystallization cavity.
8. The experimental apparatus for simulating strip feeding in a continuous casting mold according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the heat preservation layers is multiple, each heat preservation layer comprises refractory bricks and heat preservation plates, and adjacent heat preservation layers are detachably connected.
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