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CN114886436B - Premature beat recognition method based on improved convolutional neural network - Google Patents

Premature beat recognition method based on improved convolutional neural network Download PDF

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CN114886436B
CN114886436B CN202210507194.9A CN202210507194A CN114886436B CN 114886436 B CN114886436 B CN 114886436B CN 202210507194 A CN202210507194 A CN 202210507194A CN 114886436 B CN114886436 B CN 114886436B
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周飞燕
董军
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Guangxi Normal University
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Abstract

本发明公开一种基于改进卷积神经网络的早搏识别方法,提出基于改进卷积神经网络的早搏识别模型。先利用训练样本对到构建的室性早搏识别模型进行训练,再将预测样本送入到训练好的室性早搏识别模型中,实现待分类的心电图的分类。本发明从模型的深度和宽度两个方面对原始ResNet34模型进行改进,再将SimAM注意力机制融入到改进了的ResNet模型中,以此模型来提升早搏识别的准确率。

The present invention discloses a premature beat recognition method based on an improved convolutional neural network, and proposes a premature beat recognition model based on an improved convolutional neural network. First, a constructed ventricular premature beat recognition model is trained using training samples, and then the predicted samples are sent to the trained ventricular premature beat recognition model to achieve the classification of the electrocardiogram to be classified. The present invention improves the original ResNet34 model from the depth and width of the model, and then integrates the SimAM attention mechanism into the improved ResNet model, so as to improve the accuracy of premature beat recognition by using this model.

Description

Premature beat identification method based on improved convolutional neural network
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heart rhythm premature beat recognition, in particular to a premature beat recognition method based on an improved convolutional neural network.
Background
Arrhythmia is a clinically common cardiovascular disease, with premature beat being the most common arrhythmia. By introducing a computer-aided premature beat analysis technology, doctors can perform effective medical intervention as early as possible, plays a very important role in preventing and treating diseases, and can solve the problem that medical resources in remote mountain areas are scarce and cannot enjoy basic medical services to a certain extent.
Traditional premature beat recognition methods, such as traditional neural networks, support vector machines, rule reasoning and the like, all require that the Electrocardiogram (ECG) features be manually extracted in advance and then classified. The accuracy of feature extraction is a key factor affecting the performance of traditional premature beat classification methods. However, features of small amplitude in an electrocardiogram, such as P-wave, T-wave, QRS-wave boundary points, etc., are susceptible to high frequency noise. The extraction accuracy of the features is low, so that the manually extracted features cannot accurately reflect the pathological information of the ECG (electrocardiogram) so as to influence the subsequent classification performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing premature beat recognition method cannot accurately reflect pathological information of ECG (electrocardiogram) by adopting a manual feature extraction mode so as to influence subsequent classification performance, and provides the premature beat recognition method based on an improved convolutional neural network.
In order to solve the problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The premature beat identification method based on the improved convolutional neural network comprises the following steps:
Step 1, constructing a premature beat recognition model;
The premature beat recognition model consists of 1 convolution layer, 1 maximum pooling layer, 4 residual unit blocks and 1 global average pooling layer; the input of the convolution layer is used as the input of the premature beat identification model, the output of the convolution layer is connected with the input of the maximum pooling layer, the output of the maximum pooling layer is connected with the input of the first residual error unit block, the output of the first residual error unit block is connected with the input of the second residual error unit block, the output of the second residual error unit block is connected with the input of the third residual error unit block, the output of the third residual error unit block is connected with the input of the fourth residual error unit block, the output of the fourth residual error unit block is connected with the input of the global average pooling layer, and the output of the global average pooling layer is used as the output of the premature beat identification model;
step 2, preprocessing the electrocardiogram marked with the classification as a training sample, and training the premature beat recognition model constructed in the step1 by using the training sample to obtain a trained premature beat recognition model;
And step 3, preprocessing the electrocardiogram to be classified to obtain a prediction sample, and sending the prediction sample into the premature beat recognition model trained in the step 2 to realize classification of the electrocardiogram to be classified.
In the above scheme, the first residual error unit block is respectively composed of 2 direct jump residual error modules; the input of the first direct jump residual error module is used as the input of the first residual error unit block, the output of the first direct jump residual error module is connected with the input of the second direct jump residual error module, and the output of the second direct jump residual error module is used as the output of the first residual error unit block; the second residual unit block consists of 1 convolution jump residual module and 1 direct jump residual module respectively; the input of the first convolution jump residual error module is used as the input of the second residual error unit block, the output of the first convolution jump residual error module is connected with the input of the third direct jump residual error module, and the output of the third direct jump residual error module is used as the output of the second residual error unit block; the third residual error unit block consists of 1 convolution jump residual error module and 2 direct jump residual error modules respectively; the input of the second convolution jump residual error module is used as the input of the third residual error unit block, the output of the second convolution jump residual error module is connected with the input of the fourth direct jump residual error module, the output of the fourth direct jump residual error module is connected with the input of the fifth direct jump residual error module, and the output of the fifth direct jump residual error module is used as the output of the third residual error unit block; the fourth residual error unit block is respectively composed of 1 convolution jump residual error module and 1 direct jump residual error module; the input of the third convolution jump residual error module is used as the input of the fourth residual error unit block, the output of the third convolution jump residual error module is connected with the input of the sixth direct jump residual error module, and the output of the sixth direct jump residual error module is used as the output of the fourth residual error unit block.
In the scheme, the direct jump residual error module consists of 2 convolution layers, 1 SimAM attention mechanism layers and 1 direct jump branch; the input of the first convolution layer and the direct jump branch are used as the input of the direct jump residual error module, the output of the first convolution layer is connected with the input of the second convolution layer, the output of the second convolution layer is connected with the input of the first SimAM attention mechanism layer, and the output of the first SimAM attention mechanism layer and the output of the direct jump branch are added to be used as the output of the direct jump residual error module.
In the scheme, the convolution jump residual error module consists of 2 convolution layers, 1 SimAM attention mechanism layers and 1 convolution jump branch; the input of the third convolution layer and the convolution jump branch are used as the input of the convolution jump residual error module, the output of the third convolution layer is connected with the input of the fourth convolution layer, the output of the fourth convolution layer is connected with the input of the second SimAM attention mechanism layer, and the output of the second SimAM attention mechanism layer and the output of the convolution jump branch are added to be used as the output of the convolution jump residual error module.
Compared with the prior art, the invention improves the original ResNet model from two aspects of depth and width of the model, and then blends the SimAM attention mechanism into the improved ResNet model, so that the accuracy of premature beat identification is improved by the model.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the premature beat recognition model NEWRESNET.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the SimAM attentive mechanism layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
A premature beat identification method based on an improved convolutional neural network, comprising the steps of:
And 1, constructing a premature beat recognition model.
The deep neural network is an end-to-end learning model which can automatically learn signal features from original input data, and avoids the manual feature extraction of the traditional method. Considering that the deep learning network layer number is too deep, the network model can generate serious overfitting, so the invention reduces the layer number of ResNet and the number of characteristic diagrams of each convolution module. In addition, considering SimAM (Parameter-Free Attention Module) is a simple and very effective attention mechanism without additional parameters, which can infer the weight value of 3D from the current neuron, the problems that the existing attention mechanism can only refine the characteristics in one dimension of a channel or a space and the space which changes simultaneously in the channel and the space lacks flexibility are solved, and the like, and therefore, the invention integrates the SimAM attention mechanism into an improved ResNet model.
Based on the above analysis, the premature beat recognition model NEWRESNET constructed by the present invention improves on the original ResNet model from the depth and width of the model, and then fuses the SimAM attention mechanism into the improved ResNet model. As shown in fig. 1, the premature beat recognition model NEWRESNET consists of 1 convolutional layer (conv), 1 max pooling layer (max pool), 4 residual unit blocks, and 1 global average pooling layer (avg pool). The input of the convolution layer is used as the input of the premature beat identification model, the output of the convolution layer is connected with the input of the maximum pooling layer, the output of the maximum pooling layer is connected with the input of the first residual error unit block, the output of the first residual error unit block is connected with the input of the second residual error unit block, the output of the second residual error unit block is connected with the input of the third residual error unit block, the output of the third residual error unit block is connected with the input of the fourth residual error unit block, the output of the fourth residual error unit block is connected with the input of the global average pooling layer, and the output of the global average pooling layer is used as the output of the premature beat identification model.
The 4 residual unit blocks are formed by respectively connecting 2,3 and 2 residual modules in series. The first residual error unit block consists of 2 direct jump residual error modules respectively; wherein the input of the first direct jump residual module is used as the input of the first residual unit block, the output of the first direct jump residual module is connected with the input of the second direct jump residual module, and the output of the second direct jump residual module is used as the output of the first residual unit block. The second residual unit block consists of 1 convolution jump residual module and 1 direct jump residual module respectively; the input of the first convolution jump residual error module is used as the input of the second residual error unit block, the output of the first convolution jump residual error module is connected with the input of the third direct jump residual error module, and the output of the third direct jump residual error module is used as the output of the second residual error unit block. The third residual error unit block consists of 1 convolution jump residual error module and 2 direct jump residual error modules respectively; the input of the second convolution jump residual error module is used as the input of the third residual error unit block, the output of the second convolution jump residual error module is connected with the input of the fourth direct jump residual error module, the output of the fourth direct jump residual error module is connected with the input of the fifth direct jump residual error module, and the output of the fifth direct jump residual error module is used as the output of the third residual error unit block. The fourth residual error unit block is respectively composed of 1 convolution jump residual error module and 1 direct jump residual error module; the input of the third convolution jump residual error module is used as the input of the fourth residual error unit block, the output of the third convolution jump residual error module is connected with the input of the sixth direct jump residual error module, and the output of the sixth direct jump residual error module is used as the output of the fourth residual error unit block.
Each residual module consists of 2 convolutional layers (conv), 1 SimAM attention mechanism layers, and 1 skip branch. SimAM the attention mechanism layer is shown in figure 2. The input vector x of SimAM attentiveness mechanism layer is subjected to SimAM attentiveness mechanism to obtain a weight value e t of each neuron in the output input vector x, and then the weight value e t is multiplied by the input vector x to obtain the output y of SimAM attentiveness mechanism layer. The jump branch comprises 2 types: the jump branch is represented by a solid line, is a direct jump branch, and the input and the output of the direct jump branch are identical mappings, and the jump branch is formed by a direct jump residual error module; a jump branch is indicated by a dashed line, and is a convolution jump branch, the input of the convolution jump branch obtains the output of the convolution jump branch through a 1*1 convolution layer, and the convolution jump residual error module is formed.
The direct jump residual error module consists of 2 convolution layers, 1 SimAM attention mechanism layers and 1 direct jump branch; the input of the first convolution layer and the direct jump branch are used as the input of the direct jump residual error module, the output of the first convolution layer is connected with the input of the second convolution layer, the output of the second convolution layer is connected with the input of the first SimAM attention mechanism layer, and the output of the first SimAM attention mechanism layer and the output of the direct jump branch are added to be used as the output of the direct jump residual error module.
The convolution jump residual error module consists of 2 convolution layers, 1 SimAM attention mechanism layers and 1 convolution jump branch; the input of the third convolution layer and the convolution jump branch are used as the input of the convolution jump residual error module, the output of the third convolution layer is connected with the input of the fourth convolution layer, the output of the fourth convolution layer is connected with the input of the second SimAM attention mechanism layer, and the output of the second SimAM attention mechanism layer and the output of the convolution jump branch are added to be used as the output of the convolution jump residual error module.
In all the convolution layers and the maximum pooling layer, "1*7" or "1*3" represents the size of the convolution kernel of the convolution layer, "36", "60", "80" or "128" represents the number of feature maps of the convolution layer, and "/1" or "/2" represents the movement step size of the convolution layer.
And 2, preprocessing the classified electrocardiograms to be used as training samples, and training the premature beat recognition model constructed in the step1 by using the training samples to obtain a trained premature beat recognition model.
The preprocessing process of the ECG mainly uses a filter to remove noise such as baseline drift, power frequency interference and the like in the ECG. Classification as labeled in the electrocardiogram is either premature or non-premature.
And step 3, preprocessing the electrocardiogram to be classified to obtain a prediction sample, and sending the prediction sample into the premature beat recognition model trained in the step 2 to realize classification of the electrocardiogram to be classified.
The way of preprocessing the electrocardiogram to be classified is the same as the way of preprocessing the electrocardiogram marked with classification. The output of the predicted sample obtained by the model is a record of premature beat or non-premature beat.
The performance of the invention is illustrated by the following example:
based on Chinese cardiovascular disease database (CCDD database, http://58.210.56.164/ccdd /), the ECG record in the database is subjected to band-pass filtering of 0.5-40 Hz for denoising.
Since the premature beat of the present invention is classified into a classification problem (premature beat or non-premature beat), sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), accuracy (Acc) can be used to measure the quality of the classification effect. The two-class confusion matrix is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 confusion matrix
The definition of each index is as follows:
Sensitivity (Se):
Se=TP/(TP+FN)
Specificity (Sp):
Sp=TN/(TN+FP)
accuracy (Acc):
Acc=(TP+TN)/(TP+TN+FP+FN)
1) Identification of ventricular premature beat (PVC)
35840 Pre-processed ECG recordings were used as training samples, containing 3112 PVC recordings. 141046 pre-processed ECG recordings were used as test samples, which contained 2148 PVC recordings. After training the NEWRESNET model with the training sample, the results obtained by the trained model on the test sample are shown in table 2 below, where NPVC represents non-ventricular premature beat record, PVC is ventricular premature beat record, se is sensitivity, sp is specificity, acc is accuracy.
Table 2 PVC identification results
2) Identification of atrial premature beat (PAB)
Taking 44800 preprocessed ECG records as training samples, wherein the training samples comprise more than 4 thousand PAB records; 132087 pre-processed ECG recordings were used as test samples, containing 4172 PAB recordings. After the improved training of NEWRESNET model using training sample pair NEWRESNET, the results obtained by the trained model on the test sample are shown in table 2 below, where NAPB represents non-atrial premature beat record, APB represents atrial premature beat record, se is sensitivity, sp is specificity, and Acc is accuracy.
Table 3 APB identification results
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of classifying the electrocardiogram by the premature beat recognition model ResNet provided by the invention all reach more than 90%.
It should be noted that, although the examples described above are illustrative, this is not a limitation of the present invention, and thus the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments. Other embodiments, which are apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein, are considered to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (1)

1.基于改进卷积神经网络的早搏识别方法,其特征是,包括步骤如下:1. A premature beat recognition method based on an improved convolutional neural network is characterized by comprising the following steps: 步骤1、构建早搏识别模型;Step 1: Construct a premature beat recognition model; 上述早搏识别模型由1个卷积层、1个最大池化层、4个残差单元块和1个全局平均池化层组成;卷积层的输入作为早搏识别模型的输入,卷积层的输出连接最大池化层的输入,最大池化层的输出连接第一残差单元块的输入,第一残差单元块的输出连接第二残差单元块的输入,第二残差单元块的输出连接第三残差单元块的输入,第三残差单元块的输出连接第四残差单元块的输入,第四残差单元块的输出连接全局平均池化层的输入,全局平均池化层的输出作为早搏识别模型的输出;The above-mentioned premature beat recognition model consists of 1 convolution layer, 1 maximum pooling layer, 4 residual unit blocks and 1 global average pooling layer; the input of the convolution layer is used as the input of the premature beat recognition model, the output of the convolution layer is connected to the input of the maximum pooling layer, the output of the maximum pooling layer is connected to the input of the first residual unit block, the output of the first residual unit block is connected to the input of the second residual unit block, the output of the second residual unit block is connected to the input of the third residual unit block, the output of the third residual unit block is connected to the input of the fourth residual unit block, the output of the fourth residual unit block is connected to the input of the global average pooling layer, and the output of the global average pooling layer is used as the output of the premature beat recognition model; 第一残差单元块分别由2个直接跳跃残差模块组成;其中第一直接跳跃残差模块的输入作为第一残差单元块的输入,第一直接跳跃残差模块的输出连接第二直接跳跃残差模块的输入,第二直接跳跃残差模块的输出作为第一残差单元块的输出;The first residual unit block is composed of two direct jump residual modules respectively; wherein the input of the first direct jump residual module is used as the input of the first residual unit block, the output of the first direct jump residual module is connected to the input of the second direct jump residual module, and the output of the second direct jump residual module is used as the output of the first residual unit block; 第二残差单元块分别由1个卷积跳跃残差模块和1个直接跳跃残差模块组成;其中第一卷积跳跃残差模块的输入作为第二残差单元块的输入,第一卷积跳跃残差模块的输出连接第三直接跳跃残差模块的输入,第三直接跳跃残差模块的输出作为第二残差单元块的输出;The second residual unit block is composed of one convolutional jump residual module and one direct jump residual module; the input of the first convolutional jump residual module is used as the input of the second residual unit block, the output of the first convolutional jump residual module is connected to the input of the third direct jump residual module, and the output of the third direct jump residual module is used as the output of the second residual unit block; 第三残差单元块分别由1个卷积跳跃残差模块和2个直接跳跃残差模块组成;其中第二卷积跳跃残差模块的输入作为第三残差单元块的输入,第二卷积跳跃残差模块的输出连接第四直接跳跃残差模块的输入,第四直接跳跃残差模块的输出连接第五直接跳跃残差模块的输入,第五直接跳跃残差模块的输出作为第三残差单元块的输出;The third residual unit block is composed of one convolutional jump residual module and two direct jump residual modules; the input of the second convolutional jump residual module is used as the input of the third residual unit block, the output of the second convolutional jump residual module is connected to the input of the fourth direct jump residual module, the output of the fourth direct jump residual module is connected to the input of the fifth direct jump residual module, and the output of the fifth direct jump residual module is used as the output of the third residual unit block; 第四残差单元块分别由1个卷积跳跃残差模块和1个直接跳跃残差模块组成;其中第三卷积跳跃残差模块的输入作为第四残差单元块的输入,第三卷积跳跃残差模块的输出连接第六直接跳跃残差模块的输入,第六直接跳跃残差模块的输出作为第四残差单元块的输出;The fourth residual unit block is composed of one convolutional jump residual module and one direct jump residual module; wherein the input of the third convolutional jump residual module is used as the input of the fourth residual unit block, the output of the third convolutional jump residual module is connected to the input of the sixth direct jump residual module, and the output of the sixth direct jump residual module is used as the output of the fourth residual unit block; 直接跳跃残差模块由2个卷积层、1个SimAM注意力机制层和1个直接跳跃分支组成;第一卷积层的输入和直接跳跃分支作为直接跳跃残差模块的输入,第一卷积层的输出连接第二卷积层的输入,第二卷积层的输出连接第一SimAM注意力机制层的输入,第一SimAM注意力机制层的输出和直接跳跃分支的输出相加后作为直接跳跃残差模块的输出;The direct skip residual module consists of 2 convolutional layers, 1 SimAM attention mechanism layer and 1 direct skip branch. The input of the first convolutional layer and the direct skip branch are used as the input of the direct skip residual module. The output of the first convolutional layer is connected to the input of the second convolutional layer. The output of the second convolutional layer is connected to the input of the first SimAM attention mechanism layer. The output of the first SimAM attention mechanism layer and the output of the direct skip branch are added together as the output of the direct skip residual module. 卷积跳跃残差模块由2个卷积层、1个SimAM注意力机制层和1个卷积跳跃分支组成;第三卷积层的输入和卷积跳跃分支作为卷积跳跃残差模块的输入,第三卷积层的输出连接第四卷积层的输入,第四卷积层的输出连接第二SimAM注意力机制层的输入,第二SimAM注意力机制层的输出和卷积跳跃分支的输出相加后作为卷积跳跃残差模块的输出;The convolutional skip residual module consists of 2 convolutional layers, 1 SimAM attention mechanism layer and 1 convolutional skip branch. The input of the third convolutional layer and the convolutional skip branch are used as the input of the convolutional skip residual module. The output of the third convolutional layer is connected to the input of the fourth convolutional layer. The output of the fourth convolutional layer is connected to the input of the second SimAM attention mechanism layer. The output of the second SimAM attention mechanism layer and the output of the convolutional skip branch are added together as the output of the convolutional skip residual module. 步骤2、对已标注分类的心电图进行预处理后作为训练样本,并利用训练样本对到步骤1所构建的早搏识别模型进行训练,得到训练好的早搏识别模型;Step 2: pre-process the labeled and classified electrocardiograms as training samples, and use the training samples to train the premature beat recognition model constructed in step 1 to obtain a trained premature beat recognition model; 步骤3、对待分类的心电图进行预处理后作为预测样本,并将预测样本送入到步骤2所训练好的早搏识别模型中,实现待分类的心电图的分类。Step 3: Preprocess the electrocardiogram to be classified as a prediction sample, and send the prediction sample to the premature beat recognition model trained in step 2 to classify the electrocardiogram to be classified.
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