CN114883616A - Carbon dioxide capture system based on fuel cell and capture method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention specifically discloses a fuel cell-based carbon dioxide capture system and a capture method thereof. The capture system includes a fuel cell stack, a compressed air unit, a hydrogen supply unit, a trap and a compressor. The compressed air unit and the hydrogen The supply units are respectively connected with the fuel cell stack, and the catcher is connected with the fuel cell stack for capturing nitrogen dioxide in the compressed air discharged by the fuel cell stack, and based on the temperature of the compressed air discharged by the fuel cell stack is The trap provides the temperature required for operation, and the compressor is connected to the trap for compressing and storing the carbon dioxide captured by the trap. The invention utilizes the heat generated by the internal electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack to provide heat for the operation of the catcher, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the catcher, not only does not require external additional electric energy, but also realizes the comprehensive utilization of energy, which is beneficial to reducing the emission of The carbon dioxide concentration in the compressed air has a positive effect.

Description

A fuel cell-based carbon dioxide capture system and its capture method

technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a carbon dioxide capture system based on a fuel cell and a capture method thereof.

Background technique

To reduce the content of carbon dioxide in the air, photosynthesis of green plants cannot be used alone, and more advanced technical means must be used to capture and store carbon dioxide in large quantities.

The special installation of carbon dioxide capture devices requires additional configuration of air concentrators and a certain amount of thermal energy to ensure the effective operation of the system. These all require external power to be realized, which in turn generates high operating costs, making existing carbon dioxide capture equipment and facilities. economic benefits are limited.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a carbon dioxide capture system based on a fuel cell, comprising a fuel cell stack, a compressed air unit, a hydrogen supply unit, a trap and a compressor, wherein the compressed air unit and the hydrogen supply unit are respectively connected with The fuel cell stack connection is used to provide oxygen and hydrogen for the electrochemical reaction inside the fuel cell stack, and the trap is connected to the fuel cell stack to capture nitrogen dioxide in the compressed air emitted by the fuel cell stack, and is based on The temperature of the compressed air discharged from the fuel cell stack provides the temperature required for the operation of the trap, and the compressor is connected to the trap for compressing and storing the carbon dioxide captured by the trap.

Preferably, it also includes a temperature control unit connected to the trap for controlling the temperature required for the trap to work.

Preferably, the temperature control unit includes a cooling water unit for cooling the trap and a heating unit for heating the trap.

Preferably, the temperature required for the operation of the trap is between 60 and 100 °C. When the real-time temperature of the trap is greater than 100 °C, the cooling water unit is used to reduce the real-time cooling of the trap; when the real-time temperature of the trap is less than 60 °C, Use the heating unit to increase the real-time temperature of the trap.

The present invention also provides a carbon dioxide capture method based on a fuel cell, which adopts the above-described carbon dioxide capture system based on a fuel cell to capture, comprising the following steps:

S1. Based on the oxygen and hydrogen provided by the compressed air unit and the hydrogen supply unit, an electrochemical reaction occurs inside the fuel cell stack, and the generated compressed air is discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell stack;

S2. Provide heat for the work of the catcher based on the energy of the discharged compressed air, and use the catcher to capture the nitrogen dioxide in the discharged compressed air;

S3, using a compressor to compress and store the carbon dioxide captured by the capture device.

Preferably, the specific implementation of the step S2 includes:

S21. Provide heat for the work of the catcher based on the temperature of the compressed air discharged from the air outlet, and monitor the real-time temperature of the catcher;

S22. Compare the monitored real-time temperature of the trap with the temperature required for the trap to work. When the real-time temperature of the trap is greater or less than the temperature required for the trap to work, use a cooling water unit or a heating unit to lower or increase the real-time temperature of the trap. temperature so that the real-time temperature of the catcher is between the temperatures required for the catcher to work, and then enter step S23;

S23, using a trap to capture nitrogen dioxide in the compressed air discharged from the air outlet, and inputting the captured carbon dioxide into the compressor, thereby effectively reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the discharged compressed air.

Compared with the prior art, a fuel cell-based carbon dioxide capture system and a capture method thereof in the present invention effectively realize the progress of the application of carbon dioxide capture technology. The compressed air emitted by the fuel cell stack and its energy provide heat for the trap, effectively reducing external energy consumption; Negative carbon emissions from the system.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell-based carbon dioxide capture system of the present invention,

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a fuel cell-based carbon dioxide capture method of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, a fuel cell-based carbon dioxide capture system includes a fuel cell stack, a compressed air unit, a hydrogen supply unit, a trap and a compressor, the compressed air unit and the hydrogen supply unit are respectively connected with the fuel cell electricity The stack connection is used to provide oxygen and hydrogen for the electrochemical reaction inside the fuel cell stack, and the trap is connected to the fuel cell stack to capture nitrogen dioxide in the compressed air emitted by the fuel cell stack, and is based on the fuel cell electricity. The temperature of the compressed air discharged from the stack provides the temperature required for the operation of the trap, and the compressor is connected to the trap for compressing and storing the carbon dioxide captured by the trap.

In this embodiment, the capture system organically combines the fuel cell stack with the catcher, and provides heat for the catcher based on the energy in the compressed air discharged from the fuel cell stack, thereby effectively reducing external energy consumption and improving The comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy, thereby realizing the effective capture and storage of carbon dioxide, as well as the negative carbon emission of the capture system.

In another embodiment, the capture system further comprises a temperature control unit connected to the trap for controlling the temperature required for the operation of the trap.

Wherein, the temperature control unit includes a cooling water unit for cooling the trap and a heating unit for heating the trap.

Wherein, the working temperature of the trap is between 60-100°C. When the real-time temperature of the trap is greater than 100°C, the cooling water unit is used to reduce the real-time cooling of the trap; when the real-time temperature of the trap is less than 60°C, the trap is used The heating unit increases the real-time temperature of the trap.

In this embodiment, the real-time temperature of the trap is controlled by connecting the set temperature control unit to the trap, and the temperature required for the trap to work is between 60-100° C. When the real-time temperature of the trap is greater than 100° C. Use the cooling water unit to reduce the real-time cooling of the trap; when the real-time temperature of the trap is less than 60°C, use the heating unit to increase the real-time temperature of the trap, thereby providing a strong guarantee for the temperature required for the trap to work, effectively guaranteeing The efficiency of the catcher.

The present invention also provides a carbon dioxide capture method based on a fuel cell, which adopts the above-described carbon dioxide capture system based on a fuel cell to capture, comprising the following steps:

S1. Based on the oxygen and hydrogen provided by the compressed air unit and the hydrogen supply unit, an electrochemical reaction occurs inside the fuel cell stack, and the generated compressed air is discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell stack;

S2. Provide heat for the work of the catcher based on the energy of the discharged compressed air, and use the catcher to capture the nitrogen dioxide in the discharged compressed air;

The specific implementation of this step includes:

S21. Provide heat for the work of the catcher based on the temperature of the compressed air discharged from the air outlet, and monitor the real-time temperature of the catcher;

S22. Compare the monitored real-time temperature of the trap with the temperature required for the trap to work. When the real-time temperature of the trap is greater or less than the temperature required for the trap to work, use a cooling water unit or a heating unit to lower or increase the real-time temperature of the trap. temperature so that the real-time temperature of the catcher is between the temperatures required for the catcher to work, and then enter step S23;

S23. Use the trap to capture nitrogen dioxide in the compressed air discharged from the air outlet, and input the captured carbon dioxide into the compressor, thereby effectively reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the discharged compressed air;

S3, using a compressor to compress and store the carbon dioxide captured by the capture device.

Because the traditional fuel cell stack needs the compressed air unit to absorb air from the surrounding environment, after the air supply pressure of the fuel cell stack is reached, it is supplied into the fuel cell stack air flow channel, and the electricity is realized inside the fuel cell stack. The chemical reaction consumes the oxygen in the compressed air, which is exhausted through the exhaust port, so the compressed air with pressure and the heat contained in it is wasted.

In this embodiment, on the one hand, the carbon dioxide capture method utilizes the energy in the compressed air discharged from the fuel cell stack to provide heat for the catcher to ensure the capture efficiency of the catcher and effectively reduce external energy consumption; The device realizes the effective capture and storage of carbon dioxide, thereby greatly improving the overall efficiency of the capture system and realizing the negative carbon emission of the capture system. At the same time, the real-time temperature of the trap is controlled by setting the temperature control unit, which further ensures the capture efficiency of the trap for carbon dioxide.

The fuel cell-based carbon dioxide capture system and its capture method provided by the present invention have been described in detail above. The principles and implementations of the present invention are described herein by using specific examples, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be carried out to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A carbon dioxide capture system based on a fuel cell, characterized in that it comprises a fuel cell stack, a compressed air unit, a hydrogen supply unit, a catcher and a compressor, wherein the compressed air unit and the hydrogen supply unit are respectively connected with the fuel cell power supply unit. The stack connection is used to provide oxygen and hydrogen for the electrochemical reaction inside the fuel cell stack, and the trap is connected to the fuel cell stack to capture nitrogen dioxide in the compressed air emitted by the fuel cell stack, and is based on the fuel cell electricity. The temperature of the compressed air discharged from the stack provides the temperature required for the operation of the trap, and the compressor is connected to the trap for compressing and storing the carbon dioxide captured by the trap. 2 . The carbon dioxide capture system based on a fuel cell according to claim 1 , further comprising a temperature control unit connected to the catcher for controlling the temperature required for the work of the catcher. 3 . 3. The fuel cell-based carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 2, wherein the temperature control unit comprises a cooling water unit for cooling the trap and a heating unit for heating the trap. 4 . The carbon dioxide capture system based on fuel cell according to claim 3 , wherein the temperature required for the operation of the trap is between 60-100° C. When the real-time temperature of the trap is greater than 100° C., cooling water is used. 5 . The unit reduces the real-time cooling of the trap; when the real-time temperature of the trap is less than 60°C, the heating unit is used to increase the real-time temperature of the trap. 5. A method for capturing carbon dioxide based on a fuel cell, characterized in that, using the carbon dioxide capturing system based on a fuel cell according to claim 4 to capture, comprising the following steps: S1. Based on the oxygen and hydrogen provided by the compressed air unit and the hydrogen supply unit, an electrochemical reaction occurs inside the fuel cell stack, and the generated compressed air is discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell stack; S2. Provide heat for the work of the catcher based on the energy of the discharged compressed air, and use the catcher to capture the nitrogen dioxide in the discharged compressed air; S3, using a compressor to compress and store the carbon dioxide captured by the capture device. 6. The fuel cell-based carbon dioxide capture method according to claim 5, wherein the specific implementation of the step S2 comprises: S21. Provide heat for the work of the catcher based on the temperature of the compressed air discharged from the air outlet, and monitor the real-time temperature of the catcher; S22. Compare the monitored real-time temperature of the trap with the temperature required for the trap to work. When the real-time temperature of the trap is greater or less than the temperature required for the trap to work, use a cooling water unit or a heating unit to lower or increase the real-time temperature of the trap. temperature so that the real-time temperature of the catcher is between the temperatures required for the catcher to work, and then enter step S23; S23, using a trap to capture nitrogen dioxide in the compressed air discharged from the air outlet, and inputting the captured carbon dioxide into the compressor, thereby effectively reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the discharged compressed air.

Images