CN114880231A - Debugging method, debugging device and computing device for application program control - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种应用程序控件的调试方法、调试装置及计算设备,方法在计算设备中执行,包括步骤:获取预处理源代码文件,基于预处理源代码文件来构建应用程序,其中,预处理源代码文件中包括一个或多个控件对象以及每个控件对象对应的提示代码,应用程序的界面中包含与每个控件对象相对应的控件;对应用程序界面中的每个控件进行测试,以确定应用程序界面中的一个或多个异常控件;响应于在异常控件上的预定操作,执行与异常控件相对应的提示代码,以在异常控件的预定范围内显示相应的提示信息,以便基于提示信息在预处理源代码文件中定位到与异常控件相对应的控件对象。根据本发明的技术方案,可以快速定位到与异常控件相对应的控件对象。
The invention discloses a debugging method, a debugging device and a computing device for an application program control. The method is executed in the computing device and includes the steps of: acquiring a preprocessing source code file, and constructing an application program based on the preprocessing source code file, wherein the preprocessing source code file is used to construct an application program. The processing source code file includes one or more control objects and the prompt code corresponding to each control object, and the interface of the application program includes controls corresponding to each control object; test each control in the application program interface, Determine one or more exception controls in the application program interface; in response to a predetermined operation on the exception control, execute the prompt code corresponding to the exception control to display corresponding prompt information within a predetermined range of the exception control, so as to be based on The prompt information locates the control object corresponding to the exception control in the preprocessing source code file. According to the technical solution of the present invention, the control object corresponding to the abnormal control can be quickly located.
Description
本申请是2022年3月7日提交的发明专利申请2022102142779的分案申请。This application is a divisional application of invention patent application 2022102142779 filed on March 7, 2022.
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及计算机及软件调试技术领域,特别涉及一种应用程序控件的调试方法、调试装置及计算设备。The invention relates to the technical field of computer and software debugging, in particular to a debugging method, a debugging device and a computing device for an application program control.
背景技术Background technique
在现有的图形化操作系统中,开发人员经常需要在软件中集成大量的控件单元。然而在对软件进行测试时,开发人员只能根据界面的显示情况向开发人员提交BUG,而面对代码文件中的大量的控件单元对象,开发人员或后续的维护人员常常无法快速准确地定位到异常控件在代码文件中的控件对象,从而导致在该环节耗费大量时间。In the existing graphical operating system, developers often need to integrate a large number of control units in the software. However, when testing the software, developers can only submit bugs to developers according to the display of the interface. Faced with a large number of control unit objects in code files, developers or subsequent maintainers often cannot quickly and accurately locate them. The exception control is the control object in the code file, which causes a lot of time in this link.
现有技术中有一种软件调试工具,是通过捕获编译器在编译阶段预埋的调试信息,并自动修改可执行文件的机器码来生成控件对象的Tool Tip执行代码,进而在后续调试过程中显示标记的内容。但,采用这种技术方案,机器码和调试信息的生成依赖于当时的编译器版本和系统环境,当升级编译器或更换系统环境后,与之对应的软件调试工具也需要进行升级适配,导致每次编写的软件调试工具具有一定的局限性。There is a software debugging tool in the prior art, which generates the Tool Tip execution code of the control object by capturing the debugging information embedded by the compiler in the compilation stage, and automatically modifies the machine code of the executable file, and then displays it in the subsequent debugging process. marked content. However, with this technical solution, the generation of machine code and debugging information depends on the compiler version and system environment at that time. When the compiler is upgraded or the system environment is changed, the corresponding software debugging tools also need to be upgraded and adapted. As a result, the software debugging tools written each time have certain limitations.
为此,需要一种应用程序控件的调试方法,以解决上述技术方案中存在的问题。Therefore, a debugging method for an application control is required to solve the problems existing in the above technical solutions.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为此,本发明提供一种应用程序控件的调试方法及调试装置,以力图解决或者至少缓解上面存在的问题。To this end, the present invention provides a debugging method and a debugging device for an application program control, so as to try to solve or at least alleviate the above problems.
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种应用程序控件的调试方法,在计算设备中执行,包括步骤:获取预处理源代码文件,基于预处理源代码文件来构建应用程序,其中,所述预处理源代码文件中包括一个或多个控件对象以及每个控件对象对应的提示代码,所述应用程序的界面中包含与每个控件对象相对应的控件;对应用程序界面中的每个控件进行测试,以确定所述应用程序界面中的一个或多个异常控件;以及响应于在异常控件上的预定操作,执行与所述异常控件相对应的提示代码,以在所述异常控件的预定范围内显示相应的提示信息,以便基于所述提示信息在所述预处理源代码文件中定位到与所述异常控件相对应的控件对象。According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a debugging method for an application program control, which is executed in a computing device and includes the steps of: acquiring a preprocessed source code file, and constructing an application program based on the preprocessed source code file, wherein the preprocessed source code file is used. The processing source code file includes one or more control objects and a prompt code corresponding to each control object, and the interface of the application program includes a control corresponding to each control object; testing to determine one or more abnormal controls in the application program interface; and in response to a predetermined operation on the abnormal control, executing a prompt code corresponding to the abnormal control to be within a predetermined range of the abnormal control Corresponding prompt information is displayed inside, so as to locate the control object corresponding to the abnormal control in the preprocessed source code file based on the prompt information.
可选地,在根据本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法中,响应于在异常控件上的预定操作包括:响应于鼠标指针在异常控件上悬停预定时间的操作。Optionally, in the debugging method of the application control according to the present invention, responding to the predetermined operation on the abnormal control includes: responding to the operation of hovering the mouse pointer on the abnormal control for a predetermined time.
可选地,在根据本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法中,所述提示信息包括所述异常控件对应的对象标识符名称。Optionally, in the debugging method for an application control according to the present invention, the prompt information includes an object identifier name corresponding to the exception control.
可选地,在根据本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法中,在获取预处理源代码文件之前,包括步骤:获取应用程序对应的一个或多个源代码文件;确定每个源代码文件中的所有控件对象;在源代码文件中插入与每个控件对象相对应的提示代码,得到预处理源代码文件。Optionally, in the debugging method for an application program control according to the present invention, before acquiring the preprocessed source code file, the steps include: acquiring one or more source code files corresponding to the application program; All control objects; insert the prompt code corresponding to each control object in the source code file to get the preprocessed source code file.
可选地,在根据本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法中,在源代码文件中插入与每个控件对象相对应的提示代码的步骤包括:获取每个控件对象第一次申请内存的代码位置;基于每个控件对象第一次申请内存的代码位置,在源代码文件中插入与所述控件对象相对应的提示代码,得到预处理源代码文件。Optionally, in the debugging method for an application program control according to the present invention, the step of inserting a prompt code corresponding to each control object in the source code file includes: obtaining the code location where each control object first applies for memory. ; Insert a prompt code corresponding to the control object in the source code file based on the code position where each control object first applies for the memory to obtain a preprocessed source code file.
可选地,在根据本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法中,获取应用程序对应的一个或多个源代码文件的步骤包括:获取应用程序对应的一个或多个源代码文件路径;基于每个源代码文件路径获取对应的源代码文件。Optionally, in the debugging method for an application program control according to the present invention, the step of acquiring one or more source code files corresponding to the application program includes: acquiring one or more source code file paths corresponding to the application program; Source code file path to get the corresponding source code file.
可选地,在根据本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法中,确定每个源代码文件中的所有控件对象的步骤包括:遍历每个源代码文件,在源代码文件中定位到每个控件对象,并对每个控件对象进行标记。Optionally, in the debugging method for an application program control according to the present invention, the step of determining all control objects in each source code file includes: traversing each source code file, and locating each control object in the source code file , and tag each control object.
可选地,在根据本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法中,所述提示代码为执行ToolTip操作的代码。Optionally, in the debugging method for an application control according to the present invention, the prompt code is a code for executing ToolTip operation.
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种调试装置,驻留在计算设备中,包括:构建模块,适于获取预处理源代码文件,基于预处理源代码文件来构建应用程序,其中,所述预处理源代码文件中包括一个或多个控件对象以及每个控件对象对应的提示代码,所述应用程序的界面中包含与每个控件对象相对应的控件;测试模块,适于对应用程序界面中的每个控件进行测试,以确定所述应用程序界面中的一个或多个异常控件;以及提示模块,适于响应于在异常控件上的预定操作,执行与所述异常控件相对应的提示代码,以在所述异常控件的预定范围内显示相应的提示信息,以便基于所述提示信息在所述预处理源代码文件中定位到与所述异常控件相对应的控件对象。According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a debugging apparatus, resident in a computing device, comprising: a building module adapted to obtain a preprocessed source code file, and build an application program based on the preprocessed source code file, wherein the The preprocessing source code file includes one or more control objects and a prompt code corresponding to each control object, and the interface of the application program includes a control corresponding to each control object; the test module is suitable for the application program interface. Each control in is tested to determine one or more abnormal controls in the application program interface; and a prompt module adapted to perform a prompt corresponding to the abnormal control in response to a predetermined operation on the abnormal control code to display corresponding prompt information within a predetermined range of the exception control, so as to locate a control object corresponding to the abnormal control in the preprocessed source code file based on the prompt information.
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种计算设备,包括:至少一个处理器;以及存储器,存储有程序指令,其中,所述程序指令被配置为适于由所述至少一个处理器执行,所述程序指令包括用于执行如上所述的应用程序控件的调试方法的指令。According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computing device comprising: at least one processor; and a memory storing program instructions, wherein the program instructions are configured to be adapted to be executed by the at least one processor, the The program instructions include instructions for executing the debugging method of the application control as described above.
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种存储有程序指令的可读存储介质,当所述程序指令被计算设备读取并执行时,使得所述计算设备执行如上所述方法。According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a readable storage medium storing program instructions, which when read and executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform the method as described above.
根据本发明的技术方案,提供了一种应用程序控件的调试方法,基于在源代码文件中预埋每个控件对应的提示代码后得到的预处理源代码文件,来构建应用程序,并通过对应用程序界面中的各个控件进行测试后确定出每个异常控件,根据预处理源代码文件中预埋的各个控件对应的提示代码,开发人员可以在应用程序界面对异常控件进行预定操作而触发在界面上显示出与异常控件相关的提示信息,这样,开发人员可以根据异常控件对应的提示信息在预处理源代码文件中快速、准确地定位到与异常控件相对应的控件对象,以便于对异常控件对象进行排错处理,从而有利于提高对应用程序控件的调试效率。According to the technical solution of the present invention, there is provided a debugging method for an application program control. An application program is constructed based on a preprocessed source code file obtained by pre-embedding the prompt code corresponding to each control in the source code file, and the After each control in the application interface is tested, each abnormal control is determined. According to the prompt code corresponding to each control embedded in the preprocessing source code file, the developer can perform a predetermined operation on the abnormal control in the application interface to trigger the The prompt information related to the exception control is displayed on the interface, so that the developer can quickly and accurately locate the control object corresponding to the abnormal control in the preprocessing source code file according to the prompt information corresponding to the abnormal control, so as to facilitate the detection of the abnormal control. The control object is debugged, which is beneficial to improve the debugging efficiency of the application control.
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举本发明的具体实施方式。The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, in order to be able to understand the technical means of the present invention more clearly, it can be implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand , the following specific embodiments of the present invention are given.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了实现上述以及相关目的,本文结合下面的描述和附图来描述某些说明性方面,这些方面指示了可以实践本文所公开的原理的各种方式,并且所有方面及其等效方面旨在落入所要求保护的主题的范围内。通过结合附图阅读下面的详细描述,本公开的上述以及其它目的、特征和优势将变得更加明显。遍及本公开,相同的附图标记通常指代相同的部件或元素。To achieve the above and related objects, certain illustrative aspects are described herein in conjunction with the following description and drawings, which are indicative of the various ways in which the principles disclosed herein may be practiced, and all aspects and their equivalents are intended to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Throughout this disclosure, the same reference numbers generally refer to the same parts or elements.
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的计算设备100的示意框图;FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a computing device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2示出了根据本发明一个实施例的应用程序控件的调试方法200的流程图;FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a
图3示出了根据本发明一个实施例的对源代码文件进行预处理的流程图;以及Figure 3 shows a flowchart of preprocessing a source code file according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
图4示出了根据本发明一个实施例的调试装置400示意图。FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a debugging apparatus 400 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反,提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开,并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be more thoroughly understood, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.
图1是示例计算设备100的示意框图。FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an example computing device 100 .
如图1所示,在基本的配置102中,计算设备100典型地包括系统存储器106和一个或者多个处理器104。存储器总线108可以用于在处理器104和系统存储器106之间的通信。As shown in FIG. 1 , in a basic configuration 102 , computing device 100 typically includes system memory 106 and one or more processors 104 . The memory bus 108 may be used for communication between the processor 104 and the system memory 106 .
取决于期望的配置,处理器104可以是任何类型的处理,包括但不限于:微处理器(UP)、微控制器(UC)、数字信息处理器(DSP)或者它们的任何组合。处理器104可以包括诸如一级高速缓存110和二级高速缓存112之类的一个或者多个级别的高速缓存、处理器核心114和寄存器116。示例的处理器核心114可以包括运算逻辑单元(ALU)、浮点数单元(FPU)、数字信号处理核心(DSP核心)或者它们的任何组合。示例的存储器控制器118可以与处理器104一起使用,或者在一些实现中,存储器控制器118可以是处理器104的一个内部部分。Depending on the desired configuration, the processor 104 may be any type of process including, but not limited to, a microprocessor (UP), a microcontroller (UC), a digital information processor (DSP), or any combination thereof. Processor 104 may include one or more levels of cache, such as
取决于期望的配置,系统存储器106可以是任意类型的存储器,包括但不限于:易失性存储器(诸如RAM)、非易失性存储器(诸如ROM、闪存等)或者它们的任何组合。系统存储器106可以包括操作系统120、一个或者多个应用122以及程序数据124。在一些实施方式中,应用122可以布置为在操作系统上由一个或多个处理器104利用程序数据124执行指令。Depending on the desired configuration, system memory 106 may be any type of memory including, but not limited to, volatile memory (such as RAM), non-volatile memory (such as ROM, flash memory, etc.), or any combination thereof. System memory 106 may include operating system 120 , one or more applications 122 , and
计算设备100还包括储存设备132,储存设备132包括可移除储存器136和不可移除储存器138。Computing device 100 also includes storage device 132 including removable storage 136 and non-removable storage 138 .
计算设备100还可以包括储存接口总线134。储存接口总线134实现了从储存设备132(例如,可移除储存器136和不可移除储存器138)经由总线/接口控制器130到基本配置102的通信。操作系统120、应用122以及数据124的至少一部分可以存储在可移除储存器136和/或不可移除储存器138上,并且在计算设备100上电或者要执行应用122时,经由储存接口总线134而加载到系统存储器106中,并由一个或者多个处理器104来执行。Computing device 100 may also include a storage interface bus 134 . Storage interface bus 134 enables communication from storage devices 132 (eg, removable storage 136 and non-removable storage 138 ) to base configuration 102 via bus/
计算设备100还可以包括有助于从各种接口设备(例如,输出设备142、外设接口144和通信设备146)到基本配置102经由总线/接口控制器130的通信的接口总线140。示例的输出设备142包括图像处理单元148和音频处理单元150。它们可以被配置为有助于经由一个或者多个A/V端口152与诸如显示器或者扬声器之类的各种外部设备进行通信。示例外设接口144可以包括串行接口控制器154和并行接口控制器156,它们可以被配置为有助于经由一个或者多个I/O端口158和诸如输入设备(例如,键盘、鼠标、笔、语音输入设备、触摸输入设备)或者其他外设(例如打印机、扫描仪等)之类的外部设备进行通信。示例的通信设备146可以包括网络控制器160,其可以被布置为便于经由一个或者多个通信端口164与一个或者多个其他计算设备162通过网络通信链路的通信。Computing device 100 may also include an interface bus 140 that facilitates communication from various interface devices (eg, output device 142 , peripheral interface 144 , and communication device 146 ) to base configuration 102 via bus/
网络通信链路可以是通信介质的一个示例。通信介质通常可以体现为在诸如载波或者其他传输机制之类的调制数据信号中的计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块,并且可以包括任何信息递送介质。“调制数据信号”可以是这样的信号,它的数据集中的一个或者多个或者它的改变可以在信号中以编码信息的方式进行。作为非限制性的示例,通信介质可以包括诸如有线网络或者专线网络之类的有线介质,以及诸如声音、射频(RF)、微波、红外(IR)或者其它无线介质在内的各种无线介质。这里使用的术语计算机可读介质可以包括存储介质和通信介质二者。A network communication link may be one example of a communication medium. Communication media may typically embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media. A "modulated data signal" may be a signal in which one or more of its data sets or whose changes may be made in the signal in a manner that encodes information. By way of non-limiting example, communication media may include wired media, such as wired or leased line networks, and various wireless media, such as acoustic, radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), or other wireless media. The term computer readable medium as used herein may include both storage media and communication media.
计算设备100可以实现为包括桌面计算机和笔记本计算机配置的个人计算机。当然,计算设备100也可以实现为小尺寸便携(或者移动)电子设备的一部分,这些电子设备可以是诸如蜂窝电话、数码照相机、个人数字助理(PDA)、个人媒体播放器设备、无线网络浏览设备、个人头戴设备、应用专用设备、或者可以包括上面任何功能的混合设备。甚至可以被实现为服务器,如文件服务器、数据库服务器、应用程序服务器和WEB服务器等。本发明的实施例对此均不做限制。Computing device 100 may be implemented as a personal computer including a desktop computer and a notebook computer configuration. Of course, computing device 100 may also be implemented as part of a small form factor portable (or mobile) electronic device such as a cellular telephone, digital camera, personal digital assistant (PDA), personal media player device, wireless web browsing device , personal headsets, application-specific devices, or hybrid devices that can include any of the above. It can even be implemented as a server, such as a file server, database server, application server, and WEB server. The embodiments of the present invention do not limit this.
在根据本发明的实施例中,计算设备100被配置为执行根据本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法200。其中,计算设备100的应用中包含用于执行本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法200的多条程序指令,这些程序指令可以被处理器读取和执行,以便计算设备100通过执行本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法200可以在确定异常控件后快速定位到与异常控件相对应的控件对象。In an embodiment according to the present invention, the computing device 100 is configured to perform the
根据本发明的一个实施例,计算设备100的应用中包括调试装置300,调试装置300中包含用于执行本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法200的多条程序指令,使得本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法200可以在调试装置300中执行。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the application of the computing device 100 includes a debugging apparatus 300, and the debugging apparatus 300 includes a plurality of program instructions for executing the
图2示出了根据本发明一个实施例的应用程序控件的调试方法200的流程图。应用程序控件的调试方法200可以在计算设备(例如前述计算设备100)的调试装置300中执行。FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a
在根据本发明的实施例中,应用程序是具有图形用户界面的GUI应用程序,GUI应用程序的界面中包括一个或多个控件。In an embodiment according to the present invention, the application is a GUI application with a graphical user interface, and the interface of the GUI application includes one or more controls.
如图2所示,方法200包括步骤S210~S230。As shown in FIG. 2, the
在步骤S210中,获取预处理源代码文件,基于预处理源代码文件构建相应的应用程序。这里,本发明是通过对预处理后的源代码文件进行编译来构建应用程序,构建得到的应用程序即是待调试的应用程序。其中,预处理源代码文件中包括一个或多个控件对象以及每个控件对象对应的提示代码,应用程序的界面中包含与预处理源代码文件中的每个控件对象相对应的控件。In step S210, a preprocessing source code file is acquired, and a corresponding application program is constructed based on the preprocessing source code file. Here, the present invention constructs the application program by compiling the preprocessed source code file, and the application program obtained by construction is the application program to be debugged. Wherein, the preprocessing source code file includes one or more control objects and prompt codes corresponding to each control object, and the interface of the application program includes controls corresponding to each control object in the preprocessing source code file.
需要说明的是,待调试的应用程序可以对应一个或多个预处理源代码文件。换言之,待调试的应用程序可以基于对应的一个或多个预处理源代码文件来构建得到。基于此,在步骤S210中获取的可以是应用程序对应的一个或多个预处理源代码文件。每个预处理源代码文件是通过对对应的源代码文件进行预处理后得到。It should be noted that the application to be debugged may correspond to one or more preprocessed source code files. In other words, the application to be debugged can be constructed based on one or more corresponding preprocessed source code files. Based on this, what is acquired in step S210 may be one or more preprocessed source code files corresponding to the application. Each preprocessed source code file is obtained by preprocessing the corresponding source code file.
随后,在步骤S220中,在计算设备的操作系统上运行构建得到的应用程序,通过对应用程序界面中的每个控件进行测试,测试每个控件的功能和性能,以确定应用程序界面中存在异常的一个或多个异常控件。Subsequently, in step S220, the constructed application program is run on the operating system of the computing device, and by testing each control in the application program interface, the function and performance of each control are tested, so as to determine the existence of the application program interface. One or more exception controls for the exception.
在一个实施例中,对应用程序界面中测试的控件例如包括文本框、列表框、复选框、搜索框、命令按钮、单选按钮、翻页控件、上传控件、滚动条中的一种或多种。In one embodiment, the controls tested in the application program interface include, for example, one of a text box, a list box, a check box, a search box, a command button, a radio button, a page turning control, an upload control, and a scroll bar or variety.
在一种实现方式中,可以利用基于GUI的自动化测试工具,通过编写测试脚本和输入测试数据,自动运行测试程序来对应用程序界面中的每个控件进行自动化测试,例如可以模拟用户对界面中控件的操作(包括模拟输入操作、模拟点击操作、模拟滑动操作等)来完成对各个控件的功能性和性能的测试。In an implementation manner, a GUI-based automated testing tool can be used to automatically test each control in the application interface by writing test scripts and inputting test data, and automatically running the test program. Control operations (including simulated input operations, simulated click operations, simulated sliding operations, etc.) to complete the functional and performance testing of each control.
在一种实现方式中,对控件的自动化测试过程可以包括录制和回放过程,录制过程可以利用自动化测试工具对应用程序中控件的功能进行测试并记录操作过程,生成对应的脚本。在回放过程可以基于录制过程生成的脚本查看录制过程中存在的错误和缺陷,以确定应用程序界面中存在的一个或多个异常控件。In an implementation manner, the automated testing process for the controls may include a recording and playback process, and the recording process may use an automated testing tool to test the functions of the controls in the application, record the operation process, and generate corresponding scripts. During the playback process, errors and defects existing in the recording process can be viewed based on the script generated by the recording process to determine one or more abnormal controls existing in the application program interface.
应当指出,本发明对测试控件的具体方法不做限制,现有技术中任何能实现对控件进行自动化测试的测试方法均在本发明的保护范围内。It should be pointed out that the present invention does not limit the specific method for testing the control, and any testing method in the prior art that can realize automatic testing of the control is within the protection scope of the present invention.
接下来,对于经测试后确定的在应用程序界面中的每个异常控件,开发人员通过在异常控件上进行预定操作,以触发显示与异常控件相对应的提示信息,具体参见以下步骤S230。Next, for each abnormal control in the application program interface determined after testing, the developer performs a predetermined operation on the abnormal control to trigger the display of prompt information corresponding to the abnormal control. For details, refer to the following step S230.
在步骤S230中,响应于在应用程序界面中的异常控件上的预定操作,执行与异常控件(对应的控件对象)相对应的提示代码,以在异常控件的预定范围内显示相应的提示信息。这里,提示信息包括异常控件的相关信息。本发明响应于在异常控件上的预定操作而显示出异常控件对应的提示信息,这样,可以基于异常控件对应的提示信息在预处理源代码文件中快速、准确地定位到与异常控件相对应的控件对象。这样,对异常控件对象的定位过程更加省时,以便于对异常控件对象进行排错处理,从而提高对应用程序控件的整体效率。In step S230, in response to a predetermined operation on the exception widget in the application program interface, a prompt code corresponding to the exception widget (corresponding widget object) is executed to display corresponding prompt information within a predetermined range of the exception widget. Here, the prompt information includes relevant information of the abnormal control. The present invention displays the prompt information corresponding to the abnormal control in response to the predetermined operation on the abnormal control, so that the prompt information corresponding to the abnormal control can be quickly and accurately located in the preprocessing source code file based on the prompt information corresponding to the abnormal control. Control object. In this way, the process of locating the exception control object is more time-saving, so as to facilitate the troubleshooting of the exception control object, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the application control.
需要说明的是,每个控件对象对应的提示代码均预埋在应用程序对应的预处理源代码文件中,在异常控件上的预定操作可以触发执行与该异常控件相对应的提示代码,通过执行异常控件对应的提示代码可以在异常控件周围的预定范围内显示与异常控件相对应的提示信息。It should be noted that the prompt code corresponding to each control object is pre-buried in the preprocessing source code file corresponding to the application, and the predetermined operation on the abnormal control can trigger the execution of the prompt code corresponding to the abnormal control. The prompt code corresponding to the abnormal control can display prompt information corresponding to the abnormal control within a predetermined range around the abnormal control.
应当指出,在本发明的实施例中,是基于对源代码文件进行预处理、在源代码文件中预埋每个控件对应的提示代码后得到的预处理源代码文件来构建待调试的应用程序,通过对应用程序界面中的各个控件进行测试后确定出每个异常控件,根据预处理源代码文件中预埋的各个控件对应的提示代码,开发人员可以在应用程序界面对异常控件进行预定操作而触发在界面上显示出与异常控件相关的提示信息,以便于开发人员根据异常控件对应的提示信息在预处理源代码文件中快速、准确地定位到与异常控件相对应的控件对象。It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the application to be debugged is constructed based on the preprocessed source code file obtained after preprocessing the source code file and pre-embedding the prompt code corresponding to each control in the source code file , by testing each control in the application program interface to determine each abnormal control, according to the prompt code corresponding to each control embedded in the preprocessing source code file, the developer can perform predetermined operations on the abnormal control in the application program interface The trigger displays the prompt information related to the exception control on the interface, so that the developer can quickly and accurately locate the control object corresponding to the exception control in the preprocessed source code file according to the prompt information corresponding to the exception control.
在一个实施例中,在执行与异常控件相对应的提示代码后,在异常控件的预定范围内显示的提示信息具体包括异常控件对应的对象标识符名称。这样,开发人员可以根据异常控件对应的对象标识符在预处理源代码文件中快速、准确地定位到与异常控件相对应的控件对象。In one embodiment, after the prompt code corresponding to the exception control is executed, the prompt information displayed within a predetermined range of the exception control specifically includes the object identifier name corresponding to the exception control. In this way, the developer can quickly and accurately locate the control object corresponding to the abnormal control in the preprocessed source code file according to the object identifier corresponding to the abnormal control.
应当指出,本发明不限于在异常控件上进行预定操作的具体操作方式。在一种实现方式中,在异常控件上的预定操作例如可以是鼠标指针在异常控件上悬停预定时间的操作。换言之,在步骤S230中,可以响应于鼠标指针在异常控件上悬停预定时间的操作,执行与异常控件相对应的提示代码,以在异常控件的预定范围内显示相应的提示信息。It should be pointed out that the present invention is not limited to the specific operation manner of performing the predetermined operation on the abnormal control. In an implementation manner, the predetermined operation on the exception control may be, for example, an operation in which the mouse pointer hovers over the exception control for a predetermined time. In other words, in step S230, the prompt code corresponding to the abnormal control may be executed in response to the operation of hovering the mouse pointer on the abnormal control for a predetermined time to display corresponding prompt information within a predetermined range of the abnormal control.
根据本发明的一个实施例,在执行步骤S210获取预处理源代码文件之前,预先对应用程序对应的一个或多个源代码文件进行预处理,以得到相应的一个或多个预处理源代码文件。According to an embodiment of the present invention, before step S210 is performed to obtain the preprocessed source code file, one or more source code files corresponding to the application are preprocessed to obtain one or more corresponding preprocessed source code files .
图3示出了根据本发明一个实施例的对源代码文件进行预处理的流程图。FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of preprocessing a source code file according to an embodiment of the present invention.
如图3所示,对源代码文件进行预处理的方法可以实现为:As shown in Figure 3, the method of preprocessing the source code file can be implemented as:
获取应用程序对应的一个或多个源代码文件。具体地,通过获取应用程序对应的一个或多个源代码文件路径,随后按顺序提取每个源代码文件路径,基于每个源代码文件路径获取对应的源代码文件。Get one or more source code files corresponding to the application. Specifically, by acquiring one or more source code file paths corresponding to the application, and then sequentially extracting each source code file path, the corresponding source code file is acquired based on each source code file path.
接着,确定每个源代码文件中的所有控件对象。在一种实现方式中,通过遍历每个源代码文件,在源代码文件中定位到每个控件对象(属于控件的对象),并可以对每个控件对象进行标记。这里,控件对象可以包括指针、非指针等对象。Next, identify all control objects in each source code file. In an implementation manner, by traversing each source code file, each control object (object belonging to the control) is located in the source code file, and each control object can be marked. Here, the control object may include objects such as pointers, non-pointers, and the like.
接下来,在源代码文件中插入与每个控件对象相对应的提示代码,得到预处理源代码文件。具体地,依次提取每一个控件对象,获取每个控件对象第一次申请内存的代码位置,基于每个控件对象第一次申请内存的代码位置,在源代码文件中插入与每个控件对象相对应的提示代码,可以得到源代码文件对应的预处理源代码文件。Next, insert the prompt code corresponding to each control object in the source code file to obtain the preprocessed source code file. Specifically, extract each control object in turn, obtain the code location where each control object applies for memory for the first time, and insert the code location corresponding to each control object in the source code file based on the code location where each control object applies for memory for the first time. The corresponding prompt code can obtain the preprocessed source code file corresponding to the source code file.
在一种实现方式中,通过从源代码文件中逐次提取每个标记后的控件对象,并获取每个标记后的控件对象第一次申请内存的代码位置。进而,可以在源代码文件中于控件对象第一次申请内存的代码位置的下方插入与控件对象相对应的提示代码。In an implementation manner, each marked control object is successively extracted from the source code file, and the code location where each marked control object first applies for memory is obtained. Furthermore, a prompt code corresponding to the control object may be inserted in the source code file below the code position where the control object first applies for memory.
需要说明的是,通过执行控件对象对应的提示代码,可以生成相应的提示信息,提示信息包括该控件对象的对象标识符名称。It should be noted that, by executing the prompt code corresponding to the control object, corresponding prompt information can be generated, and the prompt information includes the object identifier name of the control object.
还应当指出,本发明中对源代码文件进行预处理的步骤均在调试装置中自动执行,其中,在源代码文件中对每个控件对象的定位和标记以及插入提示代码的操作均自动执行,不需要开发人员查找控件对象和手动修改代码。这样,提高了对源代码文件预处理过程中对控件对象插入提示代码的效率。It should also be pointed out that the steps of preprocessing the source code file in the present invention are all automatically executed in the debugging device, wherein the positioning and marking of each control object in the source code file and the operation of inserting the prompt code are automatically executed, There is no need for developers to find control objects and manually modify code. In this way, the efficiency of inserting prompt codes into the control object during the preprocessing of the source code file is improved.
在一个实施例中,提示代码具体可以实现为执行Tool Tip(工具提示)操作的源代码。即,在源代码文件中于控件对象第一次申请内存的代码位置的下方插入与控件对象相对应的执行Tool Tip操作的源代码。需要说明的是,在源代码文件中插入执行Tool Tip操作的源代码,并不会影响应用程序的运行流程,从而不会对应用程序控件的测试造成影响。In one embodiment, the tip code may be specifically implemented as source code for performing a Tool Tip (tool tip) operation. That is, the source code corresponding to the control object for performing the Tool Tip operation is inserted below the code position where the control object first applies for memory in the source code file. It should be noted that inserting the source code to perform the Tool Tip operation in the source code file will not affect the running process of the application, and thus will not affect the testing of the application controls.
如图3所示,对于每个控件对象,在控件对象第一次申请内存的代码位置的下方插入与控件对象相对应的提示代码(执行Tool Tip操作的源代码)之后,判断该对象是否是最后一个控件对象,如果不是最后一个控件对象,则提取当前源代码文件中的下一个控件对象,获取下一个控件对象第一次申请内存的代码位置,并在下一个控件对象第一次申请内存的代码位置的下方插入与控件对象相对应的提示代码。As shown in Figure 3, for each control object, after inserting the prompt code corresponding to the control object (source code for executing the Tool Tip operation) below the code position where the control object first applied for memory, it is judged whether the object is a The last control object, if it is not the last control object, extract the next control object in the current source code file, obtain the code location where the next control object first applies for memory, and apply the memory for the first time to the next control object. Insert the prompt code corresponding to the control object below the code position.
如果是最后一个控件对象,确定对该源代码文件预处理完成,保存当前修改后的源代码文件,得到相应的预处理源代码文件。接着,判断该源代码文件是否是最后一个源代码文件,如果否,则提取下一个源代码文件路径,并基于下一个源代码文件路径获取下一个源代码文件,随后执行上述对源代码文件进行预处理的步骤,直至在下一个源代码文件的每个控件对象第一次申请内存的代码位置的下方插入与控件对象相对应的提示代码为止。If it is the last control object, make sure that the preprocessing of the source code file is completed, save the current modified source code file, and obtain the corresponding preprocessed source code file. Next, determine whether the source code file is the last source code file, if not, extract the next source code file path, and obtain the next source code file based on the next source code file path, and then execute the above-mentioned source code file. The preprocessing step is until the prompt code corresponding to the control object is inserted below the code position where each control object first applies for memory in the next source code file.
如果源代码文件是最后一个源代码文件,对所有源代码文件的预处理过程结束,此时得到了与每个源代码文件相对应的预处理源代码文件。If the source code file is the last source code file, the preprocessing process for all source code files ends, and a preprocessed source code file corresponding to each source code file is obtained at this time.
在一个实施例中,源代码文件、预处理源代码文件均为C++源代码文件,相应地,控件对象为C++对象。In one embodiment, the source code file and the preprocessed source code file are both C++ source code files, and correspondingly, the control object is a C++ object.
在一种实现方式中,在获取到每个源代码文件后,可以基于源代码文件创建分析会话,通过分析确定源代码文件中的一个或多个控件对象,并获取每个控件对象,随后,针对每一个控件对象获取控件对象第一次申请内存的位置。接着,在分析会话内部向控件对象第一次申请完内存的代码位置插入提示代码。最后,将分析会话还原为源代码文件进行保存,以得到预处理源代码文件。In an implementation manner, after each source code file is obtained, an analysis session may be created based on the source code file, one or more control objects in the source code file are determined through analysis, and each control object is obtained, and then, For each control object, obtain the location where the control object first applied for memory. Next, within the analysis session, insert a hint code into the code position where the control object completes its memory application for the first time. Finally, restore the analysis session to the source code file and save it to get the preprocessed source code file.
图4示出了根据本发明一个实施例的调试装置400示意图。调试装置400部署在计算设备(例如前述计算设备100)中,适于执行本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法200。FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a debugging apparatus 400 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The debugging apparatus 400 is deployed in a computing device (eg, the aforementioned computing device 100 ), and is suitable for executing the
如图4所示,调试装置400包括依次耦接的预处理模块405、构建模块410、测试模块420以及提示模块430。As shown in FIG. 4 , the debugging apparatus 400 includes a preprocessing module 405 , a building module 410 , a testing module 420 and a prompting module 430 coupled in sequence.
其中,预处理模块405用于执行前述对源代码文件的预处理流程(具体参见图3),通过对应用程序对应的一个或多个源代码文件进行预处理,以得到相应的一个或多个预处理源代码文件。Wherein, the preprocessing module 405 is configured to execute the aforementioned preprocessing process for source code files (refer to FIG. 3 for details), and obtain corresponding one or more source code files by preprocessing one or more source code files corresponding to the application program. Preprocess source code files.
构建模块410可以获取经预处理模块对源代码文件进行预处理后得到的预处理源代码文件,基于预处理源代码文件来构建应用程序。其中,预处理源代码文件中包括一个或多个控件对象以及每个控件对象对应的提示代码,应用程序的界面中包含与每个控件对象相对应的控件。The building module 410 can obtain preprocessed source code files obtained by preprocessing the source code files by the preprocessing module, and build an application program based on the preprocessed source code files. The preprocessing source code file includes one or more control objects and prompt codes corresponding to each control object, and the interface of the application program includes controls corresponding to each control object.
通过在操作系统上运行应用程序,利用测试模块420对应用程序界面中的每个控件进行测试,以确定应用程序界面中的一个或多个异常控件。By running the application on the operating system, each control in the application interface is tested using the testing module 420 to determine one or more abnormal controls in the application interface.
提示模块430响应于在异常控件上的预定操作,执行与异常控件相对应的提示代码,以在异常控件的预定范围内显示相应的提示信息,以便基于提示信息在预处理源代码文件中定位到与异常控件相对应的控件对象。The prompt module 430, in response to a predetermined operation on the exception control, executes the prompt code corresponding to the exception control, so as to display corresponding prompt information within a predetermined range of the abnormal control, so as to locate in the preprocessed source code file based on the prompt information. The control object corresponding to the exception control.
应当指出,预处理模块405用于执行前述对源代码文件的预处理流程,通过对应用程序对应的一个或多个源代码文件进行预处理,以得到相应的一个或多个预处理源代码文件。构建模块410用于执行前述步骤S210,测试模块420用于执行前述步骤S220,提示模块430用于执行前述步骤S230。这里,预处理模块405、构建模块410、测试模块420以及提示模块430的具体执行逻辑参见前文方法200中对步骤S210之前的预处理流程以及步骤S210~S230的描述,此处不再赘述。It should be noted that the preprocessing module 405 is configured to perform the aforementioned preprocessing process for source code files, by preprocessing one or more source code files corresponding to the application program to obtain one or more corresponding preprocessed source code files . The building module 410 is used for executing the foregoing step S210, the testing module 420 is used for executing the foregoing step S220, and the prompting module 430 is used for executing the foregoing step S230. Here, for the specific execution logic of the preprocessing module 405 , the building module 410 , the testing module 420 and the prompting module 430 , refer to the description of the preprocessing flow before step S210 and the descriptions of steps S210 to S230 in the foregoing
根据本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法200,是基于在源代码文件中预埋每个控件对应的提示代码后得到的预处理源代码文件,来构建应用程序,并通过对应用程序界面中的各个控件进行测试后确定出每个异常控件,根据预处理源代码文件中预埋的各个控件对应的提示代码,开发人员可以在应用程序界面对异常控件进行预定操作而触发在界面上显示出与异常控件相关的提示信息,这样,开发人员可以根据异常控件对应的提示信息在预处理源代码文件中快速、准确地定位到与异常控件相对应的控件对象,以便于对异常控件对象进行排错处理,从而有利于提高对应用程序控件的调试效率。The
这里描述的各种技术可结合硬件或软件,或者它们的组合一起实现。从而,本发明的方法和设备,或者本发明的方法和设备的某些方面或部分可采取嵌入有形媒介,例如可移动硬盘、U盘、软盘、CD-ROM或者其它任意机器可读的存储介质中的程序代码(即指令)的形式,其中当程序被载入诸如计算机之类的机器,并被所述机器执行时,所述机器变成实践本发明的设备。The various techniques described herein can be implemented in conjunction with hardware or software, or a combination thereof. Thus, the method and apparatus of the present invention, or certain aspects or portions of the method and apparatus of the present invention, may take the form of an embedded tangible medium, such as a removable hard disk, a USB stick, a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, or any other machine-readable storage medium. in the form of program code (ie, instructions) that, when the program is loaded into a machine, such as a computer, and executed by the machine, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention.
在程序代码在可编程计算机上执行的情况下,计算设备一般包括处理器、处理器可读的存储介质(包括易失性和非易失性存储器和/或存储元件),至少一个输入装置,和至少一个输出装置。其中,存储器被配置用于存储程序代码;处理器被配置用于根据该存储器中存储的所述程序代码中的指令,执行本发明的应用程序控件的调试方法。Where the program code is executed on a programmable computer, the computing device typically includes a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and nonvolatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. Wherein, the memory is configured to store program codes; the processor is configured to execute the debugging method of the application program control of the present invention according to the instructions in the program codes stored in the memory.
以示例而非限制的方式,可读介质包括可读存储介质和通信介质。可读存储介质存储诸如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其它数据等信息。通信介质一般以诸如载波或其它传输机制等已调制数据信号来体现计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其它数据,并且包括任何信息传递介质。以上的任一种的组合也包括在可读介质的范围之内。By way of example and not limitation, readable media include readable storage media and communication media. Readable storage media store information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. Combinations of any of the above are also included within the scope of readable media.
在此处所提供的说明书中,算法和显示不与任何特定计算机、虚拟系统或者其它设备固有相关。各种通用系统也可以与本发明的示例一起使用。根据上面的描述,构造这类系统所要求的结构是显而易见的。此外,本发明也不针对任何特定编程语言。应当明白,可以利用各种编程语言实现在此描述的本发明的内容,并且上面对特定语言所做的描述是为了披露本发明的最佳实施方式。In the specification provided herein, the algorithms and displays are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual system, or other device. Various general purpose systems may also be used with examples of the present invention. The structure required to construct such a system is apparent from the above description. Furthermore, the present invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It is to be understood that various programming languages may be used to implement the inventions described herein, and that the descriptions of specific languages above are intended to disclose the best mode for carrying out the invention.
在此处所提供的说明书中,说明了大量具体细节。然而,能够理解,本发明的实施例可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下被实践。在一些实例中,并未详细示出公知的方法、结构和技术,以便不模糊对本说明书的理解。In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It will be understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
类似地,应当理解,为了精简本公开并帮助理解各个发明方面中的一个或多个,在上面对本发明的示例性实施例的描述中,本发明的各个特征有时被一起分组到单个实施例、图、或者对其的描述中。然而,并不应将该公开的方法解释成反映如下意图:即所要求保护的本发明要求比在每个权利要求中所明确记载的特征更多特征。因此,遵循具体实施方式的权利要求书由此明确地并入该具体实施方式,其中每个权利要求本身都作为本发明的单独实施例。Similarly, it is to be understood that in the above description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together into a single embodiment, figure, or its description. This disclosure, however, should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Thus, the claims following the Detailed Description are hereby expressly incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
本领域那些技术人员应当理解在本文所公开的示例中的设备的模块或单元或组件可以布置在如该实施例中所描述的设备中,或者可替换地可以定位在与该示例中的设备不同的一个或多个设备中。前述示例中的模块可以组合为一个模块或者此外可以分成多个子模块。Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules or units or components of the apparatus in the examples disclosed herein may be arranged in the apparatus as described in this embodiment, or alternatively may be positioned differently from the apparatus in this example in one or more devices. The modules in the preceding examples may be combined into one module or further divided into sub-modules.
本领域那些技术人员可以理解,可以对实施例中的设备中的模块进行自适应性地改变并且把它们设置在与该实施例不同的一个或多个设备中。可以把实施例中的模块或单元或组件组合成一个模块或单元或组件,以及此外可以把它们分成多个子模块或子单元或子组件。除了这样的特征和/或过程或者单元中的至少一些是相互排斥之外,可以采用任何组合对本说明书(包括伴随的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的所有特征以及如此公开的任何方法或者设备的所有过程或单元进行组合。除非另外明确陈述,本说明书(包括伴随的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的每个特征可以由提供相同、等同或相似目的的替代特征来代替。Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules in the device in the embodiment can be adaptively changed and arranged in one or more devices different from the embodiment. The modules or units or components in the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and further they may be divided into multiple sub-modules or sub-units or sub-assemblies. All features disclosed in this specification (including accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) and any method so disclosed may be employed in any combination, unless at least some of such features and/or procedures or elements are mutually exclusive. All processes or units of equipment are combined. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
此外,本领域的技术人员能够理解,尽管在此所述的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征,但是不同实施例的特征的组合意味着处于本发明的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that although some of the embodiments described herein include certain features, but not others, included in other embodiments, that combinations of features of different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the invention within and form different embodiments.
此外,所述实施例中的一些在此被描述成可以由计算机系统的处理器或者由执行所述功能的其它装置实施的方法或方法元素的组合。因此,具有用于实施所述方法或方法元素的必要指令的处理器形成用于实施该方法或方法元素的装置。此外,装置实施例的在此所述的元素是如下装置的例子:该装置用于实施由为了实施该发明的目的的元素所执行的功能。Furthermore, some of the described embodiments are described herein as methods or combinations of method elements that can be implemented by a processor of a computer system or by other means for performing the described functions. Thus, a processor having the necessary instructions for implementing the method or method element forms means for implementing the method or method element. Furthermore, an element of an apparatus embodiment described herein is an example of a means for carrying out the function performed by the element for the purpose of carrying out the invention.
如在此所使用的那样,除非另行规定,使用序数词“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等等来描述普通对象仅仅表示涉及类似对象的不同实例,并且并不意图暗示这样被描述的对象必须具有时间上、空间上、排序方面或者以任意其它方式的给定顺序。As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the use of the ordinal numbers "first," "second," "third," etc. to describe common objects merely refers to different instances of similar objects, and is not intended to imply such The objects being described must have a given order in time, space, ordinal, or in any other way.
尽管根据有限数量的实施例描述了本发明,但是受益于上面的描述,本技术领域内的技术人员明白,在由此描述的本发明的范围内,可以设想其它实施例。此外,应当注意,本说明书中使用的语言主要是为了可读性和教导的目的而选择的,而不是为了解释或者限定本发明的主题而选择的。因此,在不偏离所附权利要求书的范围和精神的情况下,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。对于本发明的范围,对本发明所做的公开是说明性的,而非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求书限定。While the invention has been described in terms of a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate, having the benefit of the above description, that other embodiments are conceivable within the scope of the invention thus described. Furthermore, it should be noted that the language used in this specification has been principally selected for readability and teaching purposes, rather than to explain or define the subject matter of the invention. Accordingly, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims. This disclosure is intended to be illustrative, not restrictive, as to the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
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