CN114878096A - Test device and method for measuring river leakage - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application provides a test device and method for measuring the leakage of a river channel. The test device for measuring the leakage of a river channel includes a leakage part, a connecting pipe, a valve, a flexible bag and an exhaust valve; the leakage part is provided with a chamber and a communication chamber The vent valve is connected with the leakage part; the flexible bag is connected with the leakage part through the connecting pipe, and the valve is connected with the connecting pipe. The test device and method directly conduct the leakage test in the water channel without damaging the channel, and the test result can truly reflect the leakage situation of the river channel, which is beneficial to river channel management and environmental research.

Description

Test device and method for measuring river leakage

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of river treatment, in particular to a test device and method for measuring leakage in a river.

Background technique

River seepage generally refers to the process of water loss caused by the leakage of river water from the river bed to the soil during the flow process. River seepage has an important impact on the flood evolution (such as flood volume, flood peak, flood arrival time, etc.) of seasonal river channels in arid and semi-arid areas. The water level is between 0.1 and 1.0m, and a considerable part of the water lost by the seepage of the river eventually forms the recharge to the groundwater, which is one of the important sources of groundwater resources and the main source of water for local people's production and life. Therefore, the research on the seepage law and seepage amount of the river channel has important practical significance for the utilization and protection of water resources and the calculation of flood evolution.

Research methods related to channel seepage, direct and indirect methods have been used to estimate point-scale and regional-scale infiltration recharge. At the point scale, it includes in-situ observations, boreholes, geochemical tracers, isotopes, hydrochemistry, and water, heat, and solute transport methods, and at the regional scale, including water balance methods, surface geophysical methods, remote sensing monitoring methods, and groundwater Methods such as bit fluctuation analysis and numerical simulation. Although a variety of methods can be used to estimate riverbed infiltration, these methods either measure infiltration in dry channels, which cannot represent the real infiltration of water channels; The measurement accuracy of other methods such as the water balance method is limited by the leakage and runoff of the river channel, and the calculation results of the numerical simulation method have great uncertainty. Infiltration rate and leakage volume under the condition, and can reduce the test cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device and method for measuring the seepage of a river channel, which can directly measure the seepage amount of a natural river channel when the water is close to the real situation; compared with the infiltration test under the dry channel, this The test results of the invention are more reliable and authentic; at the same time, the invention has low operation difficulty and simple test materials, which can effectively reduce the test cost.

Embodiments of the present invention are implemented as follows:

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a test device for measuring river leakage, comprising:

a leaking piece, a connecting pipe, a valve, a flexible bag and an exhaust valve; the leaking piece is provided with a cavity and an opening communicating with the cavity, and the exhaust valve is connected with the leaking piece; the leaking piece The flexible bag is connected with the leakage part through the connecting pipe, and the valve is connected with the connecting pipe.

In an optional embodiment, the test device for measuring the leakage of the river channel further comprises a flow meter, and the flow meter is arranged on the connecting pipe and is used for measuring the flow of water in and out of the flexible bag.

In an optional embodiment, a first joint is provided on the leakage part, and the connecting pipe is detachably connected to the first joint.

In an optional embodiment, the first joint is connected with the connecting pipe by screw connection or snap connection.

In an optional embodiment, the leakage part is provided with a scale line for obtaining the depth of insertion of the leakage part into the river bed.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a test method for measuring river leakage, which is applicable to the test device for measuring river leakage according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, and the method includes the following steps:

Submerging the leaking part and the flexible bag in the river and under the water surface, inserting the leaking part into the river bed, so that the opening is blocked by the river bed; The leakage part and the flexible bag are arranged in the width direction of the river;

Open the valve to make the leakage part communicate with the flexible bag; record the change of water in the flexible bag, and calculate the leakage rate according to the change.

In an optional embodiment, a river bed section with a water surface height of 28-32 cm in the river channel is selected, the leakage member with a height of 10-30 cm is inserted into the river bed section, and the leakage member is inserted into the river bed section. The depth of the riverbed section is 5-20 cm.

In an optional embodiment, before the step of immersing the leaking member and the flexible bag in the river channel and under the water surface, the method further comprises: loading river water into the flexible bag.

In an optional embodiment, the step of loading the river water into the flexible bag comprises:

The flexible bag is filled with river water whose volume ratio is 3/5-3/4 of the flexible bag, and the gas in the part of the flexible bag that is not filled with the river water is discharged.

In an optional embodiment, the calculation formula for calculating the leakage rate according to the variation is as follows:

K _(t,t-1) =(Q _t -Q _(t-1) )/((T _t -T _(t-1) )×S), where K _t,t-1 is from t-1 to The leakage rate in the t period, the unit is cm/min; Q _t , Q _t is the change of the river water in the flexible bag from t-1 to t period, the unit is cm ³ ; T _t , T _t-1 is The time in the period from t-1 to t, the unit is min; S is the area of the opening, the unit is cm ² .

The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are:

To sum up, this embodiment provides a test device for measuring the leakage of a river channel. The whole device has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and has a low cost. When in use, connect the leaking piece with the connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe with the flexible bag, and when the leaking piece and the flexible bag are immersed in the river water of the river, first put a set amount of river water in the flexible bag, and put the The air in the part of the flexible bag that is not filled with river water is discharged. After the air is discharged, the valve on the connecting pipe is closed to prevent the river water in the flexible bag from flowing out when the leakage part and the flexible bag are positioned. The leaking part and the flexible bag are immersed in the river water, and the leaking part is partially inserted into the river bed, and the opening on the leaking part is blocked by the river bed. During the process of inserting the leaking part into the river bed, the interior of the leaking part is filled with river water, and the air inside the leaking part is discharged from the exhaust valve, so that the leaking part can be completely filled with river water, and the pressure inside and outside the leaking part is balanced, which is not easy to Create a pressure difference. When both the leaking part and the flexible bag are immersed in the river water, the whole test device is located under the water surface, and the leaking part and the flexible bag are arranged in the width direction of the river, and the leaking part and the flexible bag are basically in the same river water. Under the water flow environment, the influence on the accuracy of the test results is small. During the test, open the valve on the connecting pipe, when the river water leaks, the river water in the leaking part seeps out, and the river water in the flexible bag enters the leaking part under the guidance of the connecting pipe, because the flexible bag has deformation. It can be continuously compressed under water pressure, so that the water in the flexible bag can flow normally into the leaking part. After the set time, the flexible bag is taken out, and the leakage rate can be obtained through the change of the water volume in the flexible bag, thereby providing reliable experimental data for the study of river leakage.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore do not It should be regarded as a limitation of the scope, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device for measuring river leakage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a leakage member according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a verification diagram of the actual measured value and the predicted value of the embodiment of the present invention.

icon:

001-water surface; 002-river bed section; 100-leakage parts; 110-chamber; 120-opening; 130-scale line; 140-first joint; 200-connecting pipe; 300-valve; 400-flexible bag; 410-second joint; 500-exhaust valve; 600-flow meter.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that like numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition and explanation in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the product of the invention is usually placed in use, only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying The device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to differentiate the description and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that a component is required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", it does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "arranged", "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between the two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

At present, the river leakage test is generally carried out in the dry channel. The river environment of the dry channel is quite different from the river environment of the actual water channel. The test results obtained in the dry channel test are quite different from the actual river leakage. It truly reflects the law of channel leakage, and the reliability and reference of the test results are poor.

In view of this, the designer designed a test device for measuring the leakage of the river channel, which can directly conduct the leakage test in the water channel without destroying the channel. Research.

Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 2 , in this embodiment, the test device for measuring the leakage of the river channel includes a leakage part 100 , a connecting pipe 200 , a valve 300 , a flexible bag 400 and an exhaust valve 500 ; the leakage part 100 is provided with a chamber 110 and the opening 120 of the communication chamber 110 , the exhaust valve 500 is connected to the leaking part 100 ;

The working principle and operation mode of the test device for measuring river leakage provided by the present embodiment are as follows:

When in use, the leakage part 100 is communicated with the connecting pipe 200, and the connecting pipe 200 is communicated with the flexible bag 400; A certain amount of river water is used, and the air in the part of the flexible bag 400 that is not filled with river water is discharged. The internal and external pressures of the flexible bag 400 are equal, and pressure difference is not easily generated. After the air is exhausted, the valve 300 on the connecting pipe 200 is closed to prevent the river water in the flexible bag 400 from flowing out when the leakage element 100 and the flexible bag 400 are positioned. The leakage member 100 and the flexible bag 400 are immersed in the river water, and the leakage member 100 is partially inserted into the river bed, and the opening 120 on the leakage member 100 is blocked by the river bed. During the process of inserting the leakage element 100 into the river bed, the inside of the leakage element 100 is filled with river water, and the air inside the leakage element 100 is discharged from the exhaust valve 500 , so that the chamber 110 of the leakage element 100 can be completely filled with river water. , the internal and external pressures of the leakage part 100 are balanced, and the pressure difference is not easily generated. When both the leakage part 100 and the flexible bag 400 are immersed in the river water, the entire test device is located under the water surface 001, and the leakage part 100 and the flexible bag 400 are arranged in the width direction of the river, the leakage part 100 and the flexible bag 400 is basically in the same river flow environment, and environmental factors have little influence on the accuracy of the test results. During the test, the valve 300 on the connecting pipe 200 is opened, the flexible bag 400, the connecting pipe 200 and the leaking part 100 constitute a connecting device. When the river water in the leaking part 100 seeps out, the river water in the flexible bag 400 is connected The tube 200 enters into the leaking part 100 under the guidance of the leaking part 100 to supplement the river water leaking in the leaking part 100. Since the flexible bag 400 has the ability to deform, it can be continuously compressed under water pressure, so that the water in the flexible bag 400 can be continuously compressed. It can flow into the leakage part 100 normally. After the set time, the flexible bag 400 is taken out, and the leakage rate can be obtained through the change of the amount of water in the flexible bag 400, thereby providing reliable test data for the study of river leakage.

It should be understood that the leakage is bidirectional. Since part of the air is squeezed out of the flexible bag 400, the volume of the river water in the flexible bag 400 is smaller than the volume of the flexible bag 400. When the river water leaks in reverse, that is, the river water enters the leaking part At 100 hours, the river water can enter the flexible bag 400 under the action of the connecting pipe 200, the test device is more reasonable, and the test results are more accurate and reliable.

In this embodiment, optionally, the leakage member 100 is configured in a cylindrical shape, and further, the leakage member 100 is configured as a cylinder. One end of the leaking piece 100 is open 120 and the other end is closed, and the closed end of the leaking piece 100 is provided with an exhaust valve 500 . In use, the leaking element 100 is inserted into the river bed using the end where the opening 120 is located. In order to intuitively obtain the depth of the leakage element 100 inserted into the river bed, optionally, the outer peripheral surface of the leakage element 100 is provided with scale lines 130 , and the scale lines 130 are arranged in the axial direction of the leakage element 100 . In addition, the scale of the scale line 130 is coated with a fluorescent layer, which can be clearly observed underwater, and is not easily misread due to poor scale definition. It should be understood that a plurality of scale lines 130 can be provided, and the plurality of scale lines 130 are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the leakage element 100 , so that the insertion depth of the leakage element 100 can be observed from different angles, and the use is flexible and convenient.

Optionally, a first joint 140 is provided on the peripheral wall of the leakage member 100, the first joint 140 may be a threaded joint, and the connecting pipe 200 is threadedly connected with the first joint 140, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly. Obviously, a sealing ring can be arranged between the first joint 140 and the connecting pipe 200 to improve the sealing ring.

It should be understood that, in other embodiments, the first joint 140 and the connecting pipe 200 may be detachably connected by a structure such as a buckle.

In this embodiment, optionally, the connection pipe 200 is provided with a flow meter 600 , and the flow meter 600 can count the flow of the river water flowing through the connection pipe 200 . For example, set the flow rate as positive when the flexible bag 400 flows into the leaking part 100, and negative when the flow rate is negative, the flow meter 600 can automatically count the change of the river water in the flexible bag 400, and it is not necessary to take out the flexible bag 400 and then perform The steps of measuring the amount of remaining river water in the flexible bag 400 can improve efficiency, and because intermediate steps are saved, errors can be reduced, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results.

In this embodiment, optionally, the flexible bag 400 is set as a plastic film bag, which has good flexibility, strong deformation ability, and does not have the force to resist deformation, thereby ensuring that the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the flexible bag 400 is basically zero, which is beneficial to the leakage of river water in the leaking parts. 100 and the flexible bag 400 flow.

Optionally, the flexible bag 400 is provided with a second joint 410 , and the second joint 410 is detachably connected to the end of the connecting pipe 200 away from the leakage part 100 , for example, the second joint 410 is threadedly connected to the connecting pipe 200 . A sealing ring can be set between them to improve the sealing performance.

It should be understood that, in other embodiments, the second joint 410 and the connecting pipe 200 may be detachably connected by a snap structure or the like.

Further, the flexible bag 400 is fixed by a structure such as a plumb mesh bag to avoid displacement of the flexible bag 400 under water flow.

This embodiment also provides a test method for measuring river leakage, which is applicable to the test device for measuring river leakage in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the test method includes the following steps:

Inserting the leaking part 100 into the riverbed, and using the riverbed to seal the opening 120 of the leaking part 100;

Make the leakage part 100 and the flexible bag 400 filled with river water both immersed in the river course and located under the water surface 001;

Arranging the leakage part 100 and the flexible bag 400 in the width direction of the river;

Open the valve 300 to connect the leakage element 100 with the flexible bag 400; record the change of the water in the flexible bag 400, and calculate the leakage rate according to the change.

It should be understood that if the test device is completely immersed in water and is located below the water surface 001, the river water will erode the river bed around the leakage part 100 less, and the position of the leakage part 100 will be stable without displacement. The damage is small and will not affect the normal changes of the river. As shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Comparison of location selection of leakage parts 100

In this embodiment, before the step of immersing the test device under the water surface 001, select a river channel test section to determine the height of the leaking part 100 itself and the depth of the leaking part 100 inserted into the river bed (that is, the leaking part 100 is exposed to the river bed) outside height). Specifically, the selected position of the channel test section is the riverbed section 002 where the water surface 001 height of the riverbed section 001 is 28-32cm, that is, the distance between the water surface 001 of the riverbed section 002 and the top surface of the riverbed is 28-32cm. Then, a leaking member 100 with a height of 10-30 cm is selected, and when the leaking member 100 is inserted into the selected riverbed section 002, the height of the leaking member 100 protruding from the top surface of the riverbed section 002 is not less than 5 cm. The selection of leakage parts 100 is shown in Table 2:

Table 2 Comparison of test positions of leaking parts 100

It can be known from Table 2 that, at the position where the water depth of the riverbed section 002 is 30 cm, the leaking parts 100 and 30 cm are selected, and the insertion depths are respectively 5 cm and 10 cm. The erosion of the river bed around the leaking parts 100 is less than the buried depth. The leakage element 100 has little effect on the river bed, which is beneficial to the test.

In this embodiment, optionally, when the river water is loaded into the flexible bag 400, the flexible bag 400 is not filled with the river water, and the volume of the flexible bag 400 used to fill the river water is 3/5-3/4 of its own volume. That is to say, the volume of the river water filled into the flexible bag 400 is 3/5-3/4 of the volume of the flexible bag 400, and after the river water is filled into the flexible bag 400, the gas in the part of the flexible bag 400 that is not filled with the river water is removed. After the flexible bag 400 is submerged under the water surface 001, the water pressure difference between the inside and outside of the flexible bag 400 is substantially zero.

In this embodiment, optionally, after the test result of the change of the river water in the flexible bag 400 comes out, the calculation formula of the penetration rate using the change is as follows:

K _(t,t-1) =(Q _t -Q _(t-1) )/((T _t -T _(t-1) )×S), where K _t,t-1 is from t-1 to The leakage rate in the t period, the unit is cm/min; Q _t , Q _t is the change amount of the river water in the flexible bag 400 in the t-1 to t period, the unit is cm ³ ; T _t and T _t-1 is the time in the period from t-1 to t, and the unit is min; S is the area of the opening 120, and the unit is cm ² .

It should be noted that, in order to improve the reliability of the test results, a plurality of riverbed sections 002 are selected in the extending direction of the river channel, the test is carried out on each riverbed section 002, and the test results of the plurality of riverbed sections 002 are averaged to obtain more accurate results. For the accurate leakage of the river.

Since the measurement results in this embodiment are based on field in-situ tests, the measurement results are affected by the river water level, flow velocity, and groundwater depth, and the measured leakage rate should be lower than the rate measured by the laboratory infiltration test. The main reasons for the difference are the jacking action of the groundwater level and the fluctuation of the pressure head caused by the river level. The leakage rate measured by the laboratory is only the leakage rate under ideal conditions, which can only reflect the influence of the physical structure of the soil itself on the infiltration. Therefore, at the same channel location, the measurement results of the field in-situ test are smaller than the laboratory measurement results. . Using the measured values of bulk density and riverbed sediment particle size, there is a good correlation between the hydraulic conductivity predicted by the neural network prediction model and the seepage rate measured by the seepage meter, as shown in Figure 3, indicating that with the development of riverbed sediments The particle size ratio of the particles changes, and the measured leakage rate is consistent with the hydraulic conductivity change trend predicted by the model, which shows that the leakage rate measured by the test method provided in this example is true.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a survey test device for river course seepage which characterized in that includes:

a leakage part, a connecting pipe, a valve, a flexible bag and an exhaust valve; the leakage piece is provided with a cavity and an opening communicated with the cavity, and the exhaust valve is connected with the leakage piece; the flexible bag is connected with the leakage piece through the connecting pipe, and the valve is connected with the connecting pipe.

2. The test device for determining river leakage according to claim 1, wherein:

the testing device for determining the leakage of the river channel further comprises a flowmeter, wherein the flowmeter is arranged on the connecting pipe and used for metering the water flow of the flexible bag.

3. The test device for determining river leakage according to claim 1, wherein:

the leakage part is provided with a first joint, and the connecting pipe is detachably connected with the first joint.

4. The test device for determining river leakage according to claim 3, wherein:

the first joint is in threaded connection or buckled connection with the connecting pipe.

5. The test device for determining river leakage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:

and the leakage piece is provided with scale marks for acquiring the depth of the leakage piece inserted into the riverbed.

6. A test method for determining river leakage, which is suitable for the test device for determining river leakage of any one of claims 1-5, and comprises the following steps:

immersing the leakage piece and the flexible bag in the river channel and below the water surface, and inserting the leakage piece into the river bed to seal the opening; the leakage pieces and the flexible bags are arranged in the width direction of the river channel;

opening the valve to communicate the leakage member with the flexible bag; the amount of change in the water in the flexible bag is recorded and the rate of leakage is calculated from the amount of change.

7. The test method for determining river leakage according to claim 6, wherein:

and selecting a riverbed section with the water surface height of 28-32cm in the riverway, inserting the leakage piece with the height of 10-30cm into the riverbed section, and enabling the depth of the leakage piece inserted into the riverbed section to be 5-20 cm.

8. The test method for determining river leakage according to claim 6, wherein:

before the step of submerging the leakage member and the flexible bag in the river channel and under the water surface, the method further comprises the following steps: filling river water into the flexible bag.

9. The test method for determining river leakage according to claim 8, wherein:

the step of filling the river water into the flexible bag comprises:

filling the flexible bag with 3/5-3/4 volume ratio of river water of the flexible bag, and exhausting the gas of the part of the flexible bag not filled with the river water.

10. The test method for determining river leakage according to claim 6, wherein:

the calculation formula for calculating the leak rate according to the variation is as follows:

K _(t,t-1) ＝(Q _t -Q _(t-1) )/((T _t -T _(t-1) ) X S), wherein K _t,t-1 The leakage rate is the leakage rate in the period from t-1 to t, and the unit is cm/min; q _t ，Q _t The variable quantity of the river water in the flexible bag in the time period from t-1 to t is in cm ³ ；T _t And T _t-1 Is the time in the period from t-1 to t, and the unit is min; s is the area of the opening in cm ² 。

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