CN114855071A - H13 alloy die steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
H13 alloy die steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114855071A CN114855071A CN202110697667.1A CN202110697667A CN114855071A CN 114855071 A CN114855071 A CN 114855071A CN 202110697667 A CN202110697667 A CN 202110697667A CN 114855071 A CN114855071 A CN 114855071A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of hot work die steel, in particular to H13 alloy die steel and a preparation method thereof. The H13 alloy die steel comprises the following components: 0.35-0.42% of carbon, 0.17-0.37% of silicon, 0.30-0.60% of manganese, 1.35-1.65% of chromium, 0.15-0.25% of molybdenum, 0.70-1.10% of aluminum and the balance of iron. According to the method, the metallographic structure is optimized and the surface toughness, the wear resistance and the mechanical property of the H13 alloy die steel are improved by regulating and controlling the technological parameters such as the quenching temperature, the cooling mode, the tempering temperature and the like of the H13 alloy die steel. The H13 alloy die steel has excellent comprehensive properties such as hardness, toughness and the like, and can be used for manufacturing forging dies, hot extrusion dies and precision forging dies with large impact load; the die-casting die is widely applied to aluminum, copper and alloy thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of hot work die steel, in particular to H13 alloy die steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The hot work die steel requires the material to have high hardenability, high temperature strength, high wear resistance, high toughness, high hot cracking resistance, high melting loss resistance and the like. In the united states, hot work die steels are classified into three types: the chrome hot work die steel, the tungsten hot work die steel and the molybdenum hot work die steel are all indicated by H letters as H10-H19, H21-H26, H42, H43 and the like. Wherein the carbon content of the first two steels is within the range of 0.30-0.50%, the carbon content of the latter steels is within the range of 0.50-0.70%, and the total content of the alloy elements of Cr, W, Mo and V of the three steels is within the range of 6-25%.
The H13 steel is the most widely used and representative hot work die steel grade, and its main characteristics are: (1) has high hardenability and high toughness; (2) the excellent hot cracking resistance can be realized, and water cooling can be performed on the working occasions; (3) the wear-resistant alloy has medium wear-resistant capability, and the surface hardness of the alloy can be improved by adopting a carburizing or nitriding process, but the hot cracking resistance is slightly reduced; (4) because the carbon content is lower, the secondary hardening capacity in tempering is poorer; (5) resistance to softening at higher temperatures, but a rapid decrease in hardness (i.e., a tolerable operating temperature of 540 degrees Celsius) above 540 degrees Celsius (1000 degrees Fahrenheit) at service temperatures; (6) the deformation of heat treatment is small; (7) medium and high machinability; (8) moderate decarburization resistance.
The traditional H13 alloy die steel has good comprehensive performance, but has poor secondary hardening capacity in tempering, and the working temperature resistance needs to be improved. Therefore, the formula and the process of the H13 alloy die steel need to be optimized, and the comprehensive performance of the die steel is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, a first aspect of the present application provides an H13 alloy die steel, the H13 alloy die steel including the following components: 0.35-0.42% of carbon, 0.17-0.37% of silicon, 0.30-0.60% of manganese, 1.35-1.65% of chromium, 0.15-0.25% of molybdenum, 0.70-1.10% of aluminum and the balance of iron.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the phosphorus content in the components is not higher than 0.025 wt%.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the sulfur content in the components is not higher than 0.025 wt%.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the nickel content in the components is not higher than 0.40 wt%.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the copper content in the components is not higher than 0.25 wt%.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the vanadium content in the components is not higher than 0.03 wt%.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following components: 0.38-0.42% of carbon, 0.25-0.33% of silicon, 0.32-0.42% of manganese, 1.42-1.60% of chromium, 0.17-0.22% of molybdenum, 0.76-0.94% of aluminum and the balance of iron.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of the H13 alloy die steel, which comprises the following steps:
taking steel bars according to the requirements of the components, cogging and forging the steel bars, and normalizing at 920-980 ℃; and then tempering for 4-7 hours at 620-680 ℃, and polishing, electroslag treatment and the like.
As a preferable technical scheme, the heating temperature in the cogging forging process is 1180-1200 ℃.
As a preferable technical scheme, the open forging temperature is 1050-1100 ℃ and the finish forging temperature is higher than 850 ℃ in the cogging forging process.
Has the advantages that: according to the method, the metallographic structure is optimized and the surface toughness, the wear resistance and the mechanical property of the H13 alloy die steel are improved by regulating and controlling the technological parameters such as the quenching temperature, the cooling mode, the tempering temperature and the like of the H13 alloy die steel. The H13 alloy die steel has excellent comprehensive properties such as hardness, toughness and the like, and can be used for manufacturing forging dies, hot extrusion dies and precision forging dies with large impact load; the die-casting die is widely applied to aluminum, copper and alloy thereof.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further understood by reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention and the examples included therein.
A first aspect of the present application provides an H13 alloy die steel, the H13 alloy die steel comprising the following components: 0.35-0.42% of carbon, 0.17-0.37% of silicon, 0.30-0.60% of manganese, 1.35-1.65% of chromium, 0.15-0.25% of molybdenum, 0.70-1.10% of aluminum and the balance of iron. In the H13 alloy die steel of the present application, the balance of the components is iron, and also includes unavoidable impurities due to the introduction of the above components. The components mentioned above in the application refer to the components of the H13 alloy die steel prepared by the method of the application, and are not the components in the steel bar. In the present application, "%" means mass% unless otherwise specified.
When a range "a-b" is disclosed herein, the recited range should be construed to include all subranges between the ranges a and b, such as 0.35 to 0.42%, with ranges disclosed as 0.35 to 0.40 wt%, 0.35 to 0.38 wt%, 0.35 to 0.41 wt%, 0.35 to 0.37 wt%, 0.35 to 0.36 wt%, 0.36 to 0.41 wt%, 0.38 to 0.42 wt%, 0.39 to 0.42 wt%, 0.36 to 0.39 wt%, 0.36 to 0.42 wt%, 0.37 to 0.42 wt%, and the like. Further, when numerical ranges are described herein, unless otherwise stated, the ranges are intended to include their endpoints.
The composition of the H13 alloy die steel is tested according to the standard of GB/T4336 chemical analysis test.
In some embodiments, the H13 alloy die steel includes the following components: 0.38-0.42% of carbon, 0.25-0.33% of silicon, 0.32-0.42% of manganese, 1.42-1.60% of chromium, 0.17-0.22% of molybdenum, 0.76-0.94% of aluminum and the balance of iron. Further, the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following components: 0.38-0.42% of carbon, 0.26-0.30% of silicon, 0.34-0.38% of manganese, 1.48-1.56% of chromium, 0.18-0.22% of molybdenum, 0.80-0.90% of aluminum and the balance of iron. Further, the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following components: 0.40% of carbon, 0.28% of silicon, 0.36% of manganese, 1.52% of chromium, 0.20% of molybdenum, 0.85% of aluminum and the balance of iron.
In some embodiments, the H13 alloy die steel includes the following components: 0.40% of carbon, 0.32% of silicon, 0.49% of manganese, 1.56% of chromium, 0.20% of molybdenum, 0.80% of aluminum and the balance of iron.
In some embodiments, the H13 alloy die steel includes the following components: 0.38% of carbon, 0.33% of silicon, 0.50% of manganese, 1.60% of chromium, 0.20% of molybdenum, 0.90% of aluminum and the balance of iron.
Further preferably, the phosphorus content in the composition is not higher than 0.025 wt%; further, the phosphorus content in the composition is not higher than 0.018 wt%.
Further preferably, the sulfur content in the component is not higher than 0.025 wt%; furthermore, the sulfur content in the components is not higher than 0.015 wt%; furthermore, the sulfur content in the components is not higher than 0.010 wt%; further, the sulfur content in the component is not higher than 0.005 wt%.
Further preferably, the nickel content in the components is not higher than 0.40 wt%; furthermore, the content of nickel in the components is not higher than 0.30 wt%; furthermore, the content of nickel in the components is not higher than 0.20 wt%; furthermore, the content of nickel in the components is not higher than 0.15 wt%.
Further preferably, the copper content in the composition is not higher than 0.25 wt%; further, the copper content in the components is not higher than 0.20 wt%; further, the copper content in the composition is not higher than 0.15 wt%.
Further preferably, the vanadium content in the components is not higher than 0.03 wt%; furthermore, the content of vanadium in the components is not higher than 0.02 wt%.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of the H13 alloy die steel, which comprises the following steps:
taking a steel bar according to the requirements of the components, cogging and forging, and normalizing at 920-980 ℃; and then tempering for 4-7 hours at 620-680 ℃, and polishing, electroslag treatment and the like.
In the application, the rigid bar is subjected to heat treatment before cogging forging, and the heat treatment temperature is not lower than 1100 ℃, and for example, the heat treatment temperature may be 1200 ℃, 1185 ℃, 1210 ℃, 1215 ℃, 1165 ℃, 1150 ℃, 1225 ℃ and the like. The heat treatment time is determined according to the actual situation, and the heat treatment can be generally performed for 1 to 5 hours, for example, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours, and the like. In addition, the polishing, electroslag treatment, etc. in the present application are conventional measures in the art, and may be performed according to various polishing and electroslag treatment methods known to those skilled in the art. The source of the steel bar is not particularly limited in the present application, and any commercially available product may be used as long as the requirement of the emission component is satisfied.
In some preferred embodiments, the normalizing treatment temperature is 940-960 ℃; further, the tempering temperature is 635 and 660 degrees centigrade.
In some preferred embodiments, the heating temperature during the cogging forging is 1180-1200 ℃.
In some preferred embodiments, the open forging temperature during the cogging forging process is 1050-1100 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is higher than 850 ℃; further, the finish forging temperature is higher than 900 ℃.
The applicant finds that the mechanical property and the microstructure of the H13 alloy die steel can be remarkably improved by regulating and controlling the formula components of the H13 alloy die steel, so that the defects in the microstructure of the microstructure are fewer. Particularly, the aluminum metal component and the vanadium metal component in the alloy die steel are adjusted, and the specific normalizing process and the tempering process are combined to optimize the microscopic crystalline phase structure of the alloy die steel, so that the components can be more uniformly dispersed to form a more densely arranged crystalline phase structure, and the formation of defects such as dislocation and the like caused by nonuniform fusion among the components is avoided.
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, and it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: the embodiment provides an H13 alloy die steel, and the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following components: 0.40% of carbon, 0.28% of silicon, 0.36% of manganese, 1.52% of chromium, 0.20% of molybdenum, 0.85% of aluminum, 0.14% of phosphorus, 0.001% of sulfur, 0.06% of nickel, 0.01% of copper, 0.01% of vanadium, 0.01% of titanium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following steps:
taking a steel bar according to the requirements of the components, cogging and forging the steel bar, carrying out heat treatment on the steel bar for 2 hours at 1215 ℃ before forging, wherein the cogging temperature is 1080 and the finish forging temperature is 925 ℃ in the cogging and forging process, and then carrying out normalizing treatment at 955 ℃; then tempering for 5 hours at 645 ℃, and obtaining the product after polishing, electroslag treatment and the like.
Example 2: the embodiment provides an H13 alloy die steel, and the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following components: 039% of carbon, 0.32% of silicon, 0.49% of manganese, 1.56% of chromium, 0.20% of molybdenum, 0.80% of aluminum, 0.16% of phosphorus, 0.003% of sulfur, 0.12% of nickel, 0.13% of copper, 0.020% of vanadium, 0.005% of titanium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following steps:
taking a steel bar according to the requirements of the components, cogging and forging the steel bar, carrying out heat treatment on the steel bar for 2 hours at 1215 ℃ before forging, wherein the cogging temperature is 1080 and the finish forging temperature is 925 ℃ in the cogging and forging process, and then carrying out normalizing treatment at 955 ℃; then tempering for 5 hours at 645 ℃, and obtaining the product after polishing, electroslag treatment and the like.
Example 3: the embodiment provides an H13 alloy die steel, and the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following components: 0.38% of carbon, 0.33% of silicon, 0.50% of manganese, 1.60% of chromium, 0.20% of molybdenum, 0.90% of aluminum, 0.15% of phosphorus, 0.003% of sulfur, 0.09% of nickel, 0.13% of copper, 0.010% of vanadium, 0.011% of titanium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following steps:
taking a steel bar according to the requirements of the components, cogging and forging the steel bar, carrying out heat treatment on the steel bar for 2 hours at 1215 ℃ before forging, wherein the cogging temperature is 1080 and the finish forging temperature is 925 ℃ in the cogging and forging process, and then carrying out normalizing treatment at 955 ℃; then tempering for 5 hours at 645 ℃, and obtaining the product after polishing, electroslag treatment and the like.
Example 4: the embodiment provides H13 alloy die steel, and the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following components: 0.40% of carbon, 0.28% of silicon, 0.36% of manganese, 1.52% of chromium, 0.20% of molybdenum, 0.13% of aluminum, 0.14% of phosphorus, 0.001% of sulfur, 0.06% of nickel, 0.01% of copper, 0.01% of vanadium, 0.01% of titanium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following steps:
taking a steel bar according to the requirements of the components, cogging and forging the steel bar, carrying out heat treatment on the steel bar for 2 hours at 1215 ℃ before forging, wherein the cogging temperature is 1080 and the finish forging temperature is 925 ℃ in the cogging and forging process, and then carrying out normalizing treatment at 955 ℃; then tempering for 5 hours at 645 ℃, and obtaining the product after polishing, electroslag treatment and the like.
Example 5: the embodiment provides H13 alloy die steel, and the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following components: 0.40% of carbon, 0.28% of silicon, 0.36% of manganese, 1.52% of chromium, 0.20% of molybdenum, 0.85% of aluminum, 0.14% of phosphorus, 0.001% of sulfur, 0.06% of nickel, 0.01% of copper, 0.14% of vanadium, 0.01% of titanium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following steps:
taking a steel bar according to the requirements of the components, cogging and forging the steel bar, carrying out heat treatment on the steel bar for 2 hours at 1215 ℃ before forging, wherein the cogging temperature is 1080 and the finish forging temperature is 925 ℃ in the cogging and forging process, and then carrying out normalizing treatment at 955 ℃; then tempering for 5 hours at 645 ℃, and obtaining the product after polishing, electroslag treatment and the like.
Example 6: the embodiment provides H13 alloy die steel, and the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following components: 0.40% of carbon, 0.28% of silicon, 0.36% of manganese, 1.52% of chromium, 0.20% of molybdenum, 0.85% of aluminum, 0.14% of phosphorus, 0.001% of sulfur, 0.06% of nickel, 0.01% of copper, 0.01% of vanadium, 0.01% of titanium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following steps:
taking a steel bar according to the requirements of the components, cogging and forging the steel bar, carrying out heat treatment on the steel bar for 2 hours at 1200 ℃ before forging, wherein the open forging temperature is 1000 ℃ and the finish forging temperature is 890 ℃, and then carrying out normalizing treatment at 910 ℃; then tempering for 4 hours at 620 ℃, and obtaining the product after polishing, electroslag treatment and the like.
Performance testing
And (4) carrying out an impact toughness test according to the standard of CG/T24694-2009 high-quality alloy die steel. The method is characterized in that the evaluation is comprehensively rated at 1-3 levels according to the aspects of the size, continuity and the like of slightly recessed dark spots which are scattered on a transverse macroscopic test piece in a metallographic atlas and have different shapes and sizes, wherein the number of the 1-level defects is the smallest, and the number of the 3-level defects is the largest. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An H13 alloy die steel, characterized in that the H13 alloy die steel comprises the following components: 0.35-0.42% of carbon, 0.17-0.37% of silicon, 0.30-0.60% of manganese, 1.35-1.65% of chromium, 0.15-0.25% of molybdenum, 0.70-1.10% of aluminum and the balance of iron.
2. The H13 alloy die steel of claim 1, wherein the composition has a phosphorus content of no more than 0.025 wt%.
3. The H13 alloy die steel of claim 1, wherein the sulfur content of its composition is not greater than 0.025 wt%.
4. The H13 alloy die steel of claim 1, wherein the composition has a nickel content no greater than 0.40 wt%.
5. The H13 alloy die steel of claim 1, wherein the composition has a copper content no greater than 0.25 wt%.
6. The H13 alloy die steel of claim 1, wherein the composition has a vanadium content no greater than 0.03 wt%.
7. The H13 alloy die steel according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the H13 alloy die steel includes the following components: 0.38-0.42% of carbon, 0.25-0.33% of silicon, 0.32-0.42% of manganese, 1.42-1.60% of chromium, 0.17-0.22% of molybdenum, 0.76-0.94% of aluminum and the balance of iron.
8. The preparation method of the H13 alloy die steel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking a steel bar according to the requirements of the components, cogging and forging, and normalizing at 920-980 ℃; and then tempering for 4-7 hours at 620-680 ℃, and polishing, electroslag treatment and the like.
9. The preparation method of the H13 alloy die steel according to claim 8, wherein the heating temperature in the cogging forging process is 1180-1200 ℃.
10. The preparation method of the H13 alloy die steel according to claim 8, wherein the forging temperature in the cogging forging process is 1050-1100 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is higher than 850 ℃.
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JPH01201424A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1989-08-14 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Manufacture of free-cutting die steel |
CN101292049A (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2008-10-22 | 安赛乐米塔尔法国公司 | Method of manufacturing multi phase microstructured steel piece |
CN105463299A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-06 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Smelting method of high-aluminum nitriding steel |
CN107686878A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-02-13 | 山西同航特钢有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of hot-work die steel forgings |
CN110616361A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2019-12-27 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | Production method of steel for annealing-free nitriding |
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- 2021-06-23 CN CN202110697667.1A patent/CN114855071A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH01201424A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1989-08-14 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Manufacture of free-cutting die steel |
CN101292049A (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2008-10-22 | 安赛乐米塔尔法国公司 | Method of manufacturing multi phase microstructured steel piece |
CN105463299A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-06 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Smelting method of high-aluminum nitriding steel |
CN107686878A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-02-13 | 山西同航特钢有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of hot-work die steel forgings |
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