CN114855013B - Method for quickly extruding and forming aluminum alloy at low temperature and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for quickly extruding and forming aluminum alloy at low temperature and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000553 6063 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003887 surface segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for quickly extruding and forming aluminum alloy at low temperature and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal forming. The invention comprises the following steps; (1) Heating pure aluminum, silicon-aluminum alloy and pure magnesium to 730-750 ℃, adding magnesium carbonate, continuously heating to 950 ℃, adding pure magnesium when the temperature of molten metal is reduced to 730-740 ℃, preserving heat, adding a titanium-containing refiner after refining and deslagging, stirring, vibrating, and casting to obtain an alloy aluminum rod; (2) Preserving the heat of the alloy aluminum bar at 500-530 ℃ for 4-5h, carrying out homogenization treatment, and rapidly cooling to room temperature; (3) Heating the homogenized aluminum alloy bar to 395-408 ℃, putting the aluminum alloy bar into a die, carrying out extrusion forming at the discharge extrusion speed of 60-65m/min, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy. The invention comprehensively realizes grain refinement by adding the grain refiner and combining stirring oscillation, so that the grains of the alloy aluminum bar are refined, and simultaneously, the Mg serving as a second phase 2 Si is uniformly distributed in the alloy to be extruded, and low-temperature rapid extrusion forming can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal forming, and particularly relates to a method for quickly forming an aluminum alloy by extrusion at a low temperature and application thereof.
Background
The alloy is a mixture with metal characteristics, which is synthesized by two or more metals and metals or nonmetals through a certain method. Generally by melt synthesis into a homogeneous liquid and solidification. According to the number of constituent elements, it is classified into binary alloys, ternary alloys, and multi-element alloys. Two or more metals are uniformly fused together by a certain process, namely, the metals are alloys, for example, brass consisting of copper and zinc, bronze consisting of copper and tin, cupronickel consisting of copper and nickel, and stainless steel is an alloy containing metals such as chromium, nickel and titanium. The formation of alloys often improves the properties of elemental elements, e.g., steel is stronger than its primary constituent element, iron. The physical properties of an alloy, such as density, reactivity, young's modulus, electrical and thermal conductivity, may be similar to the constituent elements of the alloy, but the tensile and shear strengths of an alloy are generally quite different from the properties of the constituent elements. This is due to the large difference in atomic arrangement between alloys and simple substances. Small amounts of certain elements may have a large effect on the properties of the alloy. For example, impurities in ferromagnetic alloys can cause changes in the properties of the alloy. Unlike pure metals, most alloys do not have a fixed melting point, and when the temperature is within the melting temperature range, the mixture is in a solid-liquid coexisting state. Therefore, it can be said that the melting point of the alloy is lower than that of the component metals.
6063 aluminum alloy is an extrusion alloy and is widely applied, extrusion molding in the prior art is usually high-temperature extrusion molding, the extrusion speed is low, generally, the extrusion speed of 6063 aluminum alloy is between 15m/min and 50m/min for solid section bars and between 10m/min and 35m/min for hollow section bars, pocking marks, cracks and the like tend to appear on the surface of a product when the extrusion speed is too high, the nonuniformity of metal deformation is increased, and the compressive strength of the obtained alloy is poor. In the prior art because of Mg as a second phase in aluminum alloy rods 2 The Si crystal grains are irregular in shape, large in grain size and large in size, and the aluminum crystal grains are large in resistance during extrusion, so that rapid extrusion forming cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for rapidly extruding and forming aluminum alloy at low temperature and application thereof, which comprehensively realizes grain refinement by adding a grain refiner and combining stirring and shaking to refine grains of an aluminum alloy bar and simultaneously serve as Mg of a second phase 2 Si is uniformly distributed in the alloy to be extruded, the alloy aluminum bar has low strength and is softened at a lower extrusion temperature, the extrusion is easier, the low-temperature rapid extrusion forming can be realized, and the compression strength of the finally obtained aluminum alloy is 230Mpa. The aluminum alloy has good strength and toughness, and can be used as a raw material to be applied to production of elevators, doors and windows.
The invention relates to a method for quickly extruding and forming aluminum alloy at low temperature, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating pure aluminum, silicon-aluminum alloy and pure magnesium to 730-750 ℃, adding magnesium carbonate, continuously heating to 950 ℃, adding pure magnesium when the temperature of molten metal is reduced to 730-740 ℃, preserving heat for 8-9min for the first time, adding a titanium-containing refiner after refining and deslagging, stirring, vibrating, and casting to obtain an alloy aluminum rod, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the magnesium carbonate to the titanium-containing refiner is 10;
pure aluminum, pure magnesium and silicon-aluminum alloy are made into alloy by melting, magnesium carbonate added into melt obtained after the pure aluminum, the silicon-aluminum alloy and the pure magnesium are melted is mixed and decomposed at high temperature and reacts to generate a large amount of dispersed Al 4 C 3 Mass point, al 4 C 3 The compound with high melting point and high stability can exist in the form of solid particles in the alloy liquid, which is equivalent to increase nucleation particles in solid solution to be used as foreign crystal nuclei, so that the crystal grains in the alloy are refined.
In addition, the titanium-containing refiner is Al-5Ti-B alloy. The addition amount of the titanium-containing refiner is 0.07-0.15% of the total mass of the pure aluminum and the silicon-aluminum alloy. The Al-5Ti-B alloy has a refining effect on the as-cast structure of the aluminum alloy, and most importantly, can reduce the cracks of the aluminum alloy and eliminate the feather-shaped crystal nucleus cold shut. The mechanism of Al-5Ti-1B alloy for refining aluminum grains is as follows: the TiAl is dissolved in the aluminum melt to release free Ti atoms, and a part of the Ti atoms form TiAl through concentration fluctuation 3 And peritectic transformation is carried out with the aluminum melt to generate alpha-Al crystal grains. The remaining Ti atoms being in TiB 2 Surface segregation to form TiAl 3 ,TiAl 3 Then peritectic transformation is carried out between the aluminum melt and the aluminum melt to generate alpha-Al crystal grains. The concentration fluctuation can be realized by adding a titanium-containing refiner in a mechanical stirring mode, and carrying out mechanical stirring, wherein the concentration of titanium can fluctuate continuously in the initial stirring process until the titanium is uniformly distributed in a melt, and the fluctuation of the concentration of titanium brought in the stirring process is beneficial to peritectic transformation to generate alpha-Al crystal grains and is beneficial to grain refinement of the whole aluminum alloy. The additional addition of magnesium carbonate is intended to form dispersed Al 4 C 3 The mass point also has the function of adding magnesium into magnesium carbonate and improving the refining effect of the Al-5Ti-B alloy by trace alloy element magnesium.
The stirring is mechanical stirring in combination with mechanical stirring and shaking, the stirring speed is 310-360r/min, the stirring time is 30-40min, and the stirring speed has important influence on a solidification structure in the solidification process of the alloy liquid. The stirring speed determines the depth of the vortex formed on the surface of the metal and the composite material melt, and the shearing speed and the shearing force are larger, so that the vortex is more violent, the shearing force is larger, and the uniform distribution of the reinforcement is facilitated. However, if the vortex is too large, the negative pressure above the vortex increases, and a serious suction phenomenon is likely to occur. The utility model provides a can guarantee under the stirring speed that alloy liquid is stable rotatory and can not form the vortex, avoid gaseous entering. The crystal nucleus that newly forms can be broken up in the continuous stirring of in-process of stirring, increases the nucleation point in the fuse-element, is favorable to refining of crystalline grain like this, and in addition for avoiding stirring in-process to introduce gas, after the stirring is accomplished, will vibrate, vibrate in-process not only can discharge the gas in the alloy liquid, can also carry out the vibration dispersion of secondary to the crystalline nucleus that forms in the alloy liquid, refine the crystalline grain. And standing after oscillation is finished, and solidifying the alloy.
(2) Keeping the temperature of the alloy aluminum bar at 500-530 ℃ for 4-5h, carrying out homogenization treatment, and rapidly cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 120-150 ℃/min;
the purpose of heat preservation is to homogenize the alloy, and the rapid temperature reduction is to avoid the expansion of a solidification structure so as to cause the secondary growth of crystal grains and avoid the growth of the crystal grains.
(3) Heating the homogenized aluminum alloy bar to 395-408 ℃, putting the homogenized aluminum alloy bar with the second phase of 12-13 mu m into a die, carrying out extrusion forming at the discharge extrusion speed of 60-65m/min, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy. Wherein the die is preheated in advance, the temperature of the die and the heating temperature of the alloy metal bar are adjusted according to different die requirements, when the die is a flat die, the working temperature is 430-460 ℃, and the homogenized alloy aluminum bar is heated to 395-400 ℃. When the die is a split die, the temperature of the split die is 440-470 ℃, and the homogenized alloy aluminum bar is heated to 400-408 ℃. The temperature of the extrusion forming extrusion cylinder is 50 ℃ lower than that of the homogenized aluminum alloy bar.
Because the aluminum alloy bar is subjected to refining treatment, the second-phase crystal grains in the aluminum alloy bar are small in size and uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy, the resistance is small when low-temperature extrusion is carried out, the toughness is good, extrusion forming can be realized at 395-408 ℃, the rapid extrusion forming is carried out at the extrusion speed of 60-65m/min, multiple crystal phases in the alloy are solidified and positioned in time of short relative displacement due to the rapid extrusion forming, the time of possible precipitation can be greatly reduced after the low-temperature forming is rapidly completed, and the finally obtained aluminum alloy is fine and uniform in crystal grains.
Use of an aluminium alloy based on the above as main material for the production of elevators, doors and windows.
In the invention, more nucleation particles are provided in the alloy liquid through magnesium carbonate and a titanium-containing refiner, and the effect of grain refinement is improved. In addition, mechanical stirring and oscillation are combined, so that the grain refinement is realized while the alloy phase is homogenized. The alloy bar is rapidly formed at low temperature during extrusion, the temperature is low during extrusion, the heating time of the blank is correspondingly shortened, the deformation speed is high, the deformation time of the blank is short, the problem that the physical properties of the final alloy are reduced due to alloy phase displacement caused by extrusion is solved, the time for possible crystallization is shortened, the finally obtained aluminum alloy has fine crystal grains, all phases are uniformly distributed, the energy consumption is saved, the compressive strength of the aluminum alloy is improved, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructural view of a homogenized aluminum alloy bar provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a micrograph of a homogenized aluminum alloy bar provided in a comparative example;
FIG. 3 is a micrograph of an aluminum alloy provided in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure diagram of an aluminum alloy provided in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The invention relates to a method for quickly extruding and forming aluminum alloy at low temperature, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating pure aluminum, a silicon-aluminum alloy and pure magnesium to 730 ℃, adding magnesium carbonate, continuously heating to 950 ℃, adding the pure magnesium when the temperature of molten metal is reduced to 730 ℃, preserving heat for 8min for the first time, adding a titanium-containing refiner after refining and deslagging, stirring, vibrating, and casting to obtain an alloy aluminum rod, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the magnesium carbonate to the titanium-containing refiner is 10;
in addition, the titanium-containing refiner is Al-5Ti-B alloy in the application. The addition amount of the titanium-containing refiner is 0.07 percent of the total mass of the pure aluminum and the silicon-aluminum alloy.
(2) Keeping the temperature of the alloy aluminum bar at 500 ℃ for 4h, carrying out homogenization treatment, and rapidly cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 120 ℃/min;
(3) Heating the homogenized aluminum alloy bar to 395 ℃, putting 12-13 mu m of a second phase in the homogenized aluminum alloy bar into a die, carrying out extrusion forming at the discharge extrusion speed of 60m/min, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy. The mold is a flat mold, and the temperature of the flat mold is 430 ℃. The temperature of the extrusion forming extrusion cylinder is 50 ℃ lower than that of the homogenized aluminum alloy bar.
Use of an aluminium alloy based on the above as main material for the production of elevators, doors and windows.
Example 2
The invention relates to a method for quickly extruding and forming aluminum alloy at low temperature, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating pure aluminum, a silicon-aluminum alloy and pure magnesium to 750 ℃, adding magnesium carbonate, continuously heating to 950 ℃, adding pure magnesium when the temperature of molten metal is reduced to 740 ℃, preserving heat for 9min for the first time, adding a titanium-containing refiner after refining and deslagging, stirring and oscillating, wherein the stirring is mechanical stirring, the speed of the mechanical stirring is 350r/min, the stirring time is 35min, and an alloy aluminum rod is prepared after casting, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the magnesium carbonate to the titanium-containing refiner is 10;
in addition, the titanium-containing refiner is Al-5Ti-B alloy. The addition amount of the titanium-containing refiner is 0.15 percent of the total mass of the pure aluminum and the silicon-aluminum alloy.
(2) Keeping the temperature of the alloy aluminum bar at 530 ℃ for 5h, carrying out homogenization treatment, and rapidly cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 150 ℃/min;
(3) Heating the homogenized aluminum alloy bar to 400 ℃, putting the homogenized aluminum alloy bar with the second phase of 13 microns into a die, performing extrusion forming at the discharge extrusion speed of 65m/min, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy. The die is a split die, and the temperature of the split die is 440 ℃.
Example 3
The invention relates to a method for quickly extruding and forming aluminum alloy at low temperature, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating pure aluminum, a silicon-aluminum alloy and pure magnesium to 740 ℃, adding magnesium carbonate, continuously heating to 950 ℃, adding pure magnesium when the temperature of molten metal is reduced to 735 ℃, preserving heat for the first time for 8.5min, adding a titanium-containing refiner after refining and deslagging, stirring, vibrating, and casting to obtain an alloy aluminum rod, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the magnesium carbonate to the titanium-containing refiner is 10;
in addition, the titanium-containing refiner is Al-5Ti-B alloy. The addition amount of the titanium-containing refiner is 0.1 percent of the total mass of the pure aluminum and the silicon-aluminum alloy.
(2) Keeping the temperature of the alloy aluminum bar at 520 ℃ for 4.5h, carrying out homogenization treatment, and rapidly cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 135 ℃/min;
(3) Heating the homogenized aluminum alloy bar to 405 ℃, placing the homogenized aluminum alloy bar with the second phase of 12-13 mu m into a die, carrying out extrusion forming at the discharge extrusion speed of 63m/min, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy.
Example 4
This example is the same as example 1 except that the flat die temperature was 460 ℃ and the homogenized aluminum alloy bar was heated to 400 ℃.
Example 5
This example is the same as example 1 except that the flat die temperature is 450 ℃ and the homogenized aluminum alloy bar is heated to 398 ℃.
Example 6
This example is the same as example 2 except that the split die temperature was 450 ℃ and the homogenized aluminum alloy bar was heated to 405 ℃.
Example 7
This example is the same as example 2 except that the split die temperature was 470 deg.C and the homogenized aluminum alloy bar was heated to 408 deg.C.
Comparative example
The comparative example is the same as example 1 except that no magnesium carbonate, titanium-containing refiner was added in the comparative example.
Taking the homogenized aluminum alloy bars in the example 1 and the comparative example for spacing structure analysis, fig. 1 is a microscopic structure diagram of the homogenized aluminum alloy bar in the example 1, and fig. 2 is a microscopic structure diagram of the homogenized aluminum alloy bar in the comparative example, it can be seen that the crystal grains of the second phase in the aluminum alloy bar in the example 1 are obviously finer than those in the comparative example, and the shape is more uniform.
From FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that the aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 and 2 have smaller grain sizes, particularly, grains on the sides, which is advantageous in improving the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys.
Test pieces were prepared and the yield strength (MPa), tensile strength (MPa), and elongation (%) of the aluminum alloys obtained therefrom were tested according to the methods of examples 1 to 7 and comparative example to obtain the following results;
the compressive strength of the aluminum alloys of examples 1 to 7 is significantly higher than that of the comparative examples, and the tensile strength of the aluminum alloys prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy of the invention is significantly better than that of the existing aluminum alloys.
Claims (10)
1. A method for quickly extruding and forming aluminum alloy at low temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Heating pure aluminum, a silicon-aluminum alloy and pure magnesium to 730-750 ℃, adding magnesium carbonate, continuously heating to 950 ℃, adding pure magnesium when the temperature of molten metal is reduced to 730-740 ℃, preserving heat for the first time, adding a titanium-containing refiner after refining and deslagging, stirring, vibrating, and casting to obtain an alloy aluminum rod, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount of the magnesium carbonate to the titanium-containing refiner is 10;
(2) Preserving the heat of the alloy aluminum bar at 500-530 ℃ for 4-5h, carrying out homogenization treatment, and rapidly cooling to room temperature;
(3) Heating the homogenized aluminum alloy bar to 395-408 ℃, putting the aluminum alloy bar into a die, carrying out extrusion forming at the discharge extrusion speed of 60-65m/min, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy.
2. The method for low-temperature rapid extrusion molding of the aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time for the first heat preservation is 8-9min.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the titanium-containing refiner is an Al-5Ti-B alloy.
4. The method for low-temperature rapid extrusion molding of the aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 3, wherein the addition amount of the titanium-containing refiner is 0.07-0.15% of the total mass of the pure aluminum and the aluminum-silicon alloy.
5. The method for low-temperature rapid extrusion molding of the aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling rate of the rapid cooling is 120-150 ℃/min.
6. The method for low-temperature rapid extrusion molding of aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the die is a flat die and the temperature of the flat die is 430-460 ℃, and the homogenized aluminum alloy bar is heated to 395-400 ℃.
7. The method for low-temperature rapid extrusion molding of the aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the flow splitting die is 440 to 470 ℃ when the die is the flow splitting die, and the homogenized aluminum alloy bar is heated to 400 to 408 ℃.
8. The method for low-temperature rapid extrusion molding of aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the extrusion molding container of the step (3) is lower than that of the homogenized aluminum alloy bar by 50 ℃.
9. The method for low-temperature rapid extrusion molding of aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second phase in the homogenized aluminum alloy bar is 12-13 μm.
10. Use of an aluminium alloy prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 as a main material for the production of elevators, windows and doors.
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