CN114824595B - High-voltage battery - Google Patents
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- CN114824595B CN114824595B CN202110093621.9A CN202110093621A CN114824595B CN 114824595 B CN114824595 B CN 114824595B CN 202110093621 A CN202110093621 A CN 202110093621A CN 114824595 B CN114824595 B CN 114824595B
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-voltage battery, which adopts a mode of combining a fluid bag and an elastic part, and when the fluid bag is filled with fluid, a compression force is applied to a bipolar battery stack through the fluid bag, so that the compression of the bipolar battery stack can be realized without a fastener; when the fluid bag discharges the fluid, the battery cells of the bipolar battery stack are sprung out through the elastic part, so that the electrochemical reaction of the failed battery cells can be quickly prevented, the diffusion of thermal runaway can be effectively prevented, and the failed battery cells can be conveniently replaced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a high-voltage battery.
Background
The high-voltage battery can also be called a bipolar battery, and mainly adopts a bipolar battery stack structure, wherein the bipolar battery stack is composed of two unipolar electrode plates, a plurality of bipolar electrode plates, an isolating layer and electrolyte. The bipolar electrode plate is an electrode plate with two polarities after being coated with a positive electrode material layer and a negative electrode material layer respectively at two sides of the bipolar plate, and the unipolar electrode plate is an electrode plate with a unipolar polarity after being coated with a positive electrode material layer or a negative electrode material layer at one side of the bipolar plate. Because the battery units of the bipolar battery stack are composed of the bipolar plate, the positive electrode material layer, the isolation layer, the negative electrode material layer and the other bipolar plate, each battery unit has an independent electrochemical structure, the number of the battery units can be increased by increasing the number of the bipolar electrode plates, and the overall voltage of the battery is further improved. The high-voltage battery has the advantages of small resistance energy consumption among battery units, uniform electrode surface current and potential distribution, high battery charging and discharging speed and the like, and is suitable for the fields of electric automobiles, electric power energy storage and the like.
In the use process of the high-voltage battery, certain pressure needs to be applied to the battery stack of the high-voltage battery so as to improve the multiplying power performance and the cycle performance of the high-voltage battery. The pole piece stress of a traditional high voltage battery is usually in the form of fasteners. However, bipolar battery stacks have a large area and a small thickness, and if the bipolar battery stack is pressed by a housing and bolts, uneven stress often occurs. In addition, the high-voltage battery itself is an internal series structure, and once a certain battery unit fails, the bipolar battery stack needs to be replaced entirely or disassembled entirely, resulting in difficulty in maintenance and increased cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a high voltage battery, in which a fluid bag and an elastic portion are combined, and a compression force is applied to a bipolar battery stack by the fluid bag when the fluid bag is filled with fluid, so that compression of the bipolar battery stack can be achieved without a fastener; when the fluid bag discharges the fluid, the battery cells of the bipolar battery stack are sprung out through the elastic part, so that the electrochemical reaction of the failed battery cells can be quickly prevented, the diffusion of thermal runaway can be effectively prevented, and the failed battery cells can be conveniently replaced.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
according to the present invention, there is provided a high-voltage battery including: the bipolar battery stack comprises an isolation layer and electrode plates provided with electrode plates and electrode material layers, wherein the electrode plates comprise a plurality of bipolar electrode plates and unipolar electrode plates respectively arranged on two sides of the whole bipolar electrode plates, the isolation layer is arranged between the adjacent electrode plates, the electrode plates of the bipolar electrode plates are bipolar plates, the electrode material layers with different polarities are respectively arranged on two sides of the bipolar plates, the electrode plates of the unipolar electrode plates are unipolar plates, the positive electrode material layers or the negative electrode material layers are arranged on one side of the unipolar electrode plates, the electrode plates are stacked in series according to the sequence of opposite placement of the electrode material layers with different polarities, and each battery unit consists of two electrode plates of the adjacent electrode plates, the electrode material layers with different polarities and the isolation layer; a housing in which the bipolar battery is stacked; a fluid pouch interposed between an inner wall of the top of the case and the top of the bipolar battery stack, the bipolar battery stack being pressurized by the fluid pouch to compress the bipolar battery stack; and the elastic part is arranged in at least one battery unit, and the elastic force of the elastic part can spring the battery unit under the condition that the fluid bag does not press the bipolar battery stack. In particular, the elastic portion may be provided in one of the battery cells of the bipolar battery stack, in the battery cells spaced apart from each other, or in each of the battery cells. The elastic part can be annular, strip-shaped or convex, etc. The height of at least part of the elastic part is higher than the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery unit in the normal working state, so that the elastic part can spring the battery unit where the elastic part is positioned out under the condition that the bipolar battery stack is not pressed, the battery unit can not continue electrochemical reaction, and the electrochemical reaction of the whole bipolar battery stack is cut off. The elastic material may be an elastic material, and the elastic material may be, for example, porous polyethylene, porous polypropylene, fluororubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, silicone rubber, or the like. The fluid pouch may have a shape to cover at least an edge portion of the bipolar battery stack, that is, the fluid pouch may conform to the shape of the electrode plates so as to apply a force to the entire surface of the electrode plates, or the fluid pouch may correspond to the position of an edge portion of the electrode plates so as to apply a force to the edge portion of the electrode plates. The fluid bag may be provided with a fill and drain port through which fluid is injected into the fluid bag or through which fluid is drained from the fluid bag. When the fluid bag is filled with fluid, the fluid bag is continuously inflated, and pressure is uniformly applied to the adjacent bipolar battery stacks. The fluid pouch can achieve uniform external force application over a larger area than if the tightening force is applied to the bipolar battery stack by the fastener, without causing uneven stress and localized stress concentration of the bipolar battery stack. When a certain battery unit fails, the fixed connection between the battery units can be released only by discharging the fluid in the fluid bag, so that the operation under high voltage is avoided, the failed battery unit can be replaced more conveniently and safely, the fastening of the bipolar battery stack can be completed again only by filling the fluid into the fluid bag after replacing a new battery unit, and complex procedures such as disassembling a fastener, reinstalling the fastener and the like are not needed. Under the condition that the fluid bag applies external force to the bipolar battery stack, the bipolar battery stack is compressed, and the elastic part is pressed down at the same time, so that battery units provided with the elastic part can be communicated, and the whole bipolar battery stack can work normally. The pressure of the fluid in the fluid bag may be set according to the actual conditions such as the size and thickness of the bipolar battery stack, and may be, for example, 10 to 100kPa, preferably 60 to 80kPa. When the fluid bag discharges fluid, the external force applied by the fluid bag to the bipolar battery stack is continuously reduced until the external force disappears, and the elastic part simultaneously bounces up, so that the battery unit provided with the elastic part is disconnected, and the whole bipolar battery stack stops working.
The operational abnormality of the bipolar battery stack may be detected in various ways, for example, by a temperature sensor, an atmosphere sensor, an air pressure sensor, etc. When the abnormal operation of the bipolar battery stack is detected, the injection and discharge port can be controlled to be opened, so that the fluid in the fluid bag is discharged, and the elastic part can spring the battery unit. According to the present invention, the high voltage battery may further include a pressure sensor provided on an inner wall of the top of the case and adjacent to the fluid pouch, the pressure sensor being capable of detecting a pressure change of the fluid pouch, and the fluid pouch performing fluid discharge when the pressure change of the fluid pouch exceeds a predetermined value such that the fluid pouch no longer pressurizes the bipolar battery stack. When the bipolar battery stack fails, a large amount of gas is generated inside the bipolar battery stack, so that larger pressure is applied to the fluid bags adjacent to the bipolar battery stack, and the pressure sensors adjacent to the fluid bags timely detect the pressure change. In addition, the pressure sensor is arranged between the fluid bag and the inner wall of the top of the shell, and the flexible fluid bag can be used for coating the pressure sensor, so that the pressure sensor is effectively protected, and the damage to the pressure sensor caused by other external forces is avoided.
Next, the elastic portion according to the present invention will be specifically described.
The elastic part may have a ring-shaped structure extending along the edge of the battery cell and disposed between the two electrode plates of the battery cell, and at least a portion of the elastic part is higher than the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell in a normal operating state without pressurizing the bipolar battery stack by the fluid pouch. That is, the elastic part may have a ring shape, the top surface of the elastic part is flush, and the height of the elastic part is higher than the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell in the normal operation state. In this case, it is unnecessary to provide a sealing part in addition, and the elastic part may function as both an elastic member and an edge sealing of the battery cell. According to further embodiments, the elastic part may have a ring shape, at least one protrusion may be provided on a top surface of the elastic part, and a height of the elastic part at which the protrusion is provided is higher than a distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell in a normal operation state. The elastic portion of the structure is easily depressed by a small external force. The elastic part provided with the protrusions does not achieve a better sealing effect, and therefore, it is preferable to further provide a sealing part, which is positioned inside or outside the annular elastic part and between the two electrode plates of the battery cell, for sealing the edges of the battery cell. According to an embodiment, the sealing part is in an annular structure, the annular sealing part can be arranged between two electrode plates of the battery unit, the height of the sealing part is approximately equal to the height between the two electrode plates of the battery unit, the bottom surface/top surface of the sealing part is fixedly connected with one electrode plate, and the top surface/bottom surface of the sealing part is abutted against the other electrode plate. When an external force is applied to the bipolar battery stack, the elastic part is pressed down and the battery cells are folded to a normal operating state, and the sealing part fills the periphery of the battery cells to form a seal. When the external force applied to the bipolar battery stack is removed, the elastic portion springs up and the battery cells spring open, and the sealing portion is separated from the electrode plate that is in contact therewith. According to another embodiment, the sealing part includes an annular upper membrane and an annular lower membrane, an inner side edge of the upper membrane is in sealing connection with an edge of an electrode plate at an upper side in the battery cell, an inner side edge of the lower membrane is in sealing connection with an edge of an electrode plate at a lower side in the battery cell, and outer side edges of the upper membrane and the lower membrane are in sealing connection. The sum of the distances between the inner side edge and the outer side edge of the upper membrane and the lower membrane is larger than or equal to the distance between the two electrode plates when the battery unit is sprung, or the upper membrane and the lower membrane are made of elastic materials. That is, even in the case that the battery cell is sprung apart, the outer side edge of the upper membrane and the outer side edge of the lower membrane remain in sealing connection, thereby ensuring the sealing of the battery cell.
The elastic part may be of a discontinuous structure and disposed between the two electrode plates of the battery cell, and the height of the elastic part is higher than the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell in a normal operating state without the fluid pouch pressurizing the bipolar battery stack. That is, the elastic part may have a block-like, bar-like structure, or the like, and is dispersedly disposed within the battery cell, preferably within the non-electrochemical reaction region of the edge of the battery cell. In this case, the high-voltage battery further includes a sealing part disposed between the two electrode plates of the battery cell. When the elastic parts are in a dispersed block or bar structure, the sealing parts may be disposed along the edges of the battery cells in a ring-shaped form. Alternatively, when the elastic parts are in a dispersed block or strip structure, the sealing parts may be alternately arranged along the same circle with the elastic parts in a strip form and are connected with each other in a sealing manner, so that the purpose of sealing the edges of the battery cells is achieved through the connected elastic parts and the sealing parts together.
The fluid bag may be filled with a gas or a liquid, and when filled with a gas, has less effect on the weight and energy density of the entire cell. The fluid in the fluid bag may also be a special fluid, such as a fire retarding fluid, a heating fluid or a cooling fluid, etc. When the fluid bag contains a fire-retarding fluid, a valve may be provided on the fluid bag that opens into the interior of the housing. When the valve is opened, the flame-retardant fluid in the fluid bag rapidly enters the shell to prevent the combustion and explosion of the bipolar battery stack, and meanwhile, the fluid in the fluid bag flows out to enable the pressure applied by the fluid bag to the bipolar battery stack to be reduced, so that the elastic part ejects the battery unit, and the safety of the battery can be doubly ensured. The flame retardant fluid may be, for example: one or more of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, helium, sulfur dioxide, heptafluoropropane, dodecafluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone and the like; or one or more of alkyl phosphates, aromatic phosphates, phosphites, phosphazenes, phosphorus-halogen organic compounds, tricresyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, hexamethylphosphoramide, tetrabromobisphenol, phosphaphenanthrene derivatives, nitrogen-phosphorus ene additives, phosphazenes compounds and the like; or water or silicone oil, etc. When the fluid bag contains heating fluid or cooling fluid, the bipolar battery stack can be heated or cooled by the fluid in the fluid bag while pressure is applied by the fluid bag. The heating or cooling fluid may be continuously or intermittently injected or discharged through the injection and discharge ports on the fluid bag.
The fluid bag may be a single fluid bag or a plurality of fluid bags. In the case of a plurality of fluid bags, each fluid bag may perform different functions of pressurizing, containing a fire-retarding fluid, containing a cooling fluid, containing a heating fluid, etc. This makes it possible to fully utilize the space above the bipolar battery stack while simultaneously taking into account the weight of the battery and various functions. For example, the fluid pouch includes a first fluid pouch having a shape and a position corresponding to the position of the edge of the battery cell, in which a fluid for pressurizing the bipolar battery stack is contained, and a second fluid pouch located inside the first fluid pouch, in which a fluid for flame retarding, heating or cooling the bipolar battery stack is contained. Corresponding fill and drain ports may be provided on the first and second fluid bags.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) The high-voltage battery is provided with the fluid bag and the elastic part, so that the electrochemical reaction of the bipolar battery stack can be cut off rapidly when the battery fails, and the safety performance of the battery is improved. In addition, the failed battery unit can be conveniently replaced;
2) The bipolar battery stack can be uniformly forced by the fluid bag without using other fasteners, so that the bipolar battery stack has a simple structure and is easy to process and manufacture. When the fluid bag is filled with gas, the weight of the fluid bag is lighter, so that the weight of the high-voltage battery is reduced, and the energy density of the high-voltage battery is improved;
3) The invention can also use a plurality of fluid bags, and can realize the application of external force to the bipolar battery stack and simultaneously realize the safety guarantee, cooling or heating of the battery by fully utilizing the space in the battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high voltage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high voltage battery according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 (a) to 3 (f) are schematic views of a battery cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 (a) to 4 (f) are schematic views of a battery cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 (a) to 5 (f) are schematic views of a battery cell according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
List of reference numerals
1-Bipolar Battery pile
101-cell unit
102-electrode plate
103-positive electrode material layer
104-negative electrode material layer
105-isolation layer
2-shell
3-fluid bag
3 a-first fluid bag
3 b-second fluid bag
301-filling and discharging port
302-valve
4-pressure sensor
4 a-first pressure sensor
4 b-second pressure sensor
5-elastic part
501-bump
6,6' -seal
6 a-upper diaphragm
6 b-lower diaphragm
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high voltage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the high voltage battery includes a bipolar battery stack 1, a housing 2, a fluid pouch 3, and a pressure sensor 4. The housing 2 may include a top and a lower shell. A plurality of battery cells 101 are provided in the bipolar battery stack 1, and each battery cell 101 includes electrode plates on both sides, a positive electrode material layer, a negative electrode material layer, and a separator layer. An elastic part 5 is provided along the edge of each battery cell 101, the lower surface of the elastic part 5 is fixedly connected with the electrode plate at the lower side in the battery cell 101, and the upper surface of the elastic part 5 is fixedly connected with the electrode plate at the upper side in the battery cell 101. In the case where no external force is applied to the bipolar battery stack, the height of the elastic part 5 is higher than the height between the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 in the normal operating state, so that the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 can be sprung apart to prevent the electrochemical reaction of the entire bipolar battery stack. In the case where an external force is applied to the bipolar battery stack, the height of the elastic part 5 after being compressed is equal to the height between the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 in the normal operating state, so that the normal electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101 can be ensured. In this embodiment, the elastic portion 5 also functions as a sealing portion that seals the entire edge of the battery cell 101. The fluid pouch 3 is disposed between the top of the bipolar battery stack 1 and the inner wall of the top of the case 2, the planar size of the fluid pouch 3 is substantially equal to the planar size of the bipolar battery stack 1, the fluid pouch 3 may apply pressure to the entire top surface of the bipolar battery stack 1, and particularly, the edge position of the fluid pouch 3 may apply pressure to the edge portion of the bipolar battery stack 1. The fluid bag 3 is provided with a filling and discharging port 301 which is open to the outside of the battery, and nitrogen gas can be filled into the fluid bag 3 or the nitrogen gas in the fluid bag 3 can be discharged through the filling and discharging port 301. The pressure applied to the bipolar battery stack 1 by the fluid bag 3 can be controlled by controlling the injection amount and the discharge amount of the nitrogen gas in the fluid bag 3, thereby controlling the pressing and the bouncing of the elastic portion 5. The valve 302 is further arranged on the fluid bag 3 and is communicated with the inside of the battery, and when the valve 302 is opened, nitrogen in the fluid bag 3 can enter the shell 2 of the battery, so that the function of preventing the combustion of the failed battery is achieved. The pressure sensor 4 is provided on an inner wall of the top of the housing 2, interposed between the inner wall of the top of the housing 2 and the upper surface of the fluid bag 3, and the pressure sensor 4 is used to detect a pressure change of the fluid bag 3 due to abnormal gas generation when the bipolar battery stack 1 fails.
During the high voltage battery assembly process, the bipolar battery stack 1 is accommodated in the case 2, the fluid pouch 3 is placed between the top of the bipolar battery stack 1 and the inner wall of the top of the case 2, and then nitrogen gas is injected into the fluid pouch 3 via the injection/discharge port 301. The fluid bag 3 filled with nitrogen gas is gradually inflated, and thus pressure is applied to the bipolar battery stack 1, so that the elastic part 5 is pressed down to the normal operating state where each of the battery cells 101 is closed. When a certain cell 101 fails to cause abnormal gas generation of the bipolar battery stack 1, the bipolar battery stack 1 increases the force acting on the fluid bag 3, and the pressure change is detected by the pressure sensor 4. When the pressure of the fluid pouch 3 changes beyond a predetermined value, nitrogen gas in the fluid pouch 3 may be directly discharged into the case 2 via the valve 302 to rapidly prevent the combustion of the bipolar battery stack 1, and simultaneously the pressure of the fluid pouch 3 against the bipolar battery stack 1 is reduced due to the discharge of nitrogen gas in the fluid pouch 3, thereby bouncing the battery cells 101 of the bipolar battery stack 1 off through the elastic part 5.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high voltage battery according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the high voltage battery includes a bipolar battery stack 1, a housing 2, a first fluid pouch 3a, a second fluid pouch 3b, a first pressure sensor 4a, and a second pressure sensor 4b. A plurality of battery cells 101 are provided in the bipolar battery stack 1, and each battery cell 101 includes electrode plates on both sides, a positive electrode material layer, a negative electrode material layer, and a separator layer. An elastic part 5 is provided in each battery cell 101, the lower surface of the elastic part 5 may be fixedly connected with the electrode plate at the lower side inside the battery cell 101, and the upper surface of the elastic part 5 may be fixedly connected with the electrode plate at the upper side inside the battery cell 101. In the case where no external force is applied to the bipolar battery stack 1, the height of the elastic portion 5 is higher than the height between the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 in the normal operating state, so that the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 provided with the elastic portion 5 can be sprung apart to prevent the electrochemical reaction of the entire bipolar battery stack 1. In the case where an external force is applied to the bipolar battery stack 1, the height of the elastic part 5 after being compressed is equal to the height between the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 in the normal operating state, so that the normal electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101 can be ensured. In addition, in the battery cell 101, the elastic portion 5 also functions as a sealing portion that seals the entire edge of the battery cell 101. The first fluid bag 3a and the second fluid bag 3b are provided between the top of the bipolar battery stack 1 and the inner wall of the top of the housing 2. The first fluid bag 3a is substantially annular, the position of the first fluid bag 3a corresponds to the position of the edge of the bipolar battery stack 1 so as to ensure that pressure is applied to the edge of the bipolar battery stack 1, the first fluid bag 3a contains carbon dioxide gas, and the first fluid bag 3a is provided with a first injection and discharge port for injecting and discharging the carbon dioxide gas. The second fluid bag 3b is located inside the first fluid bag 3a, the second fluid bag 3b is substantially rectangular, the second fluid bag 3b holds cooling water, and the second fluid bag 3b is provided with a second discharge port for discharging the cooling water. The pressure applied by the first fluid bag 3a to the edge of the bipolar battery stack 1 can be controlled by controlling the injection amount and the discharge amount of carbon dioxide in the first fluid bag 3a, thereby controlling the pressing and the bouncing of the elastic portion 5. The degree of cooling of the bipolar battery stack 1 can be controlled by controlling the injection amount, flow rate, and the like of the cooling water in the second fluid pouch 3 b. The simultaneous arrangement of the first fluid bag 3a and the second fluid bag 3b containing different fluids can simultaneously give consideration to the weight reduction of the battery and the cooling effect of the battery. The pressure sensors are provided on the inner wall of the top of the casing 2, the first pressure sensor 4a is interposed between the inner wall of the top of the casing 2 and the upper surface of the first fluid bag 3a, the second pressure sensor 4b is interposed between the inner wall of the top of the casing 2 and the upper surface of the second fluid bag 3b, and the first pressure sensor 4a and the second pressure sensor 4b are used to detect pressure changes of the fluid bag due to abnormal gas production of the bipolar battery stack 1.
Fig. 3 (a) to 3 (f) are schematic views of a battery cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein fig. 3 (a) is a perspective view, fig. 3 (b) is a top view, fig. 3 (c) and 3 (d) are a schematic cross-sectional view and a partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the battery cell in the absence of an external force, and fig. 3 (e) and 3 (f) are a schematic cross-sectional view and a partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the battery cell in the presence of an external force. The elastic part 5 is provided at the edge of the battery cell 101, and the elastic part 5 is of a ring-shaped structure and is provided along the edge of the battery cell 101. The height H of the elastic part 5 is higher than the distance H between the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 in the normal operation state. As shown in fig. 3 (c) and 3 (D), when no external force is applied, the elastic portion 5 springs up to spread the two electrode plates 102 of the battery cell 101 and further separate the positive electrode material layer 103 and the negative electrode material layer 104 provided on the two electrode plates by a distance D, thereby cutting off the electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101. As shown in fig. 3 (e) and 3 (f), under the application of an external force, the elastic part 5 is compressed, and the battery cell 101 is in a position of a normal operating state, i.e., such that the positive electrode material layer 103 and the negative electrode material layer 104 are respectively abutted against the separator 105, thereby ensuring a normal electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101.
Fig. 4 (a) to 4 (f) are schematic views of a battery cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein fig. 4 (a) is a perspective view, fig. 4 (b) is a top view, fig. 4 (c) and 4 (d) are a schematic cross-sectional view and a partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the battery cell in the absence of an external force, and fig. 4 (e) and 4 (f) are a schematic cross-sectional view and a partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the battery cell in the presence of an external force. An elastic portion 5 is provided at the edge of the battery cell 101, the base of the elastic portion 5 has a ring-shaped structure, and a plurality of protrusions 501 are provided on the upper surface of the ring-shaped structure. The annular base of the elastic portion 5 and the boss 501 may be integrally formed. Alternatively, the annular base portion of the elastic portion 5 may be formed separately from the protrusions 501 and fixedly connected, the base portion and the protrusions 501 may be made of different materials, the protrusions 501 mainly play a role in bouncing and compressing, the base portion mainly plays a role in connecting the plurality of protrusions 501, and the base portion may be made of an inelastic material. By the springing of the protrusions 501, the interval between the positive electrode material layer and the negative electrode material layer can be increased under the condition that no external force is applied, the reaction of the bipolar battery stack is cut off, and meanwhile, excessive external force is not required to be applied during pressing, and only a plurality of protrusions 501 are required to be compressed. The outer side of the elastic part 5 is further provided with a sealing part 6, which comprises an annular upper membrane 6a connected around the edge of the upper electrode plate and an annular lower membrane 6b connected around the edge of the lower electrode plate, the inner edge of the upper membrane 6a is connected with the edge of the upper electrode plate in a sealing manner, the inner edge of the lower membrane 6b is connected with the edge of the lower electrode plate in a sealing manner, and the outer edge of the upper membrane 6a is connected with the outer edge of the lower membrane 6b in a sealing manner, so that the sealing of the battery unit 101 is formed through the membrane type sealing part 6. As shown in fig. 4 (c) and 4 (D), the protrusions 501 of the elastic part 5 are sprung up to spread the two electrode plates 102 of the battery cell 101 and further separate the positive electrode material layer 103 and the negative electrode material layer 104 provided on the two electrode plates by a distance D without applying an external force, thereby cutting off the electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101. The sum of the distance a between the inner and outer edges of the annular upper membrane 6a and the distance B between the inner and outer edges of the annular lower membrane 6B, i.e. the length a + B of the membrane of the stretchable portion between the two electrode plates, is greater than the distance H between the two electrode plates when the battery cell 101 is sprung apart, the sealing portion 6 of the membrane type still ensures the sealing of the battery cell 101 when the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 are sprung apart. As shown in fig. 4 (e) and 4 (f), the protrusions 501 of the elastic part 5 are compressed under the application of an external force, and the battery cell 101 is in a position of a normal operation state, i.e., such that the positive electrode material layer 103 and the negative electrode material layer 104 are respectively abutted against the separator 105, thereby ensuring a normal electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101.
Fig. 5 (a) to 5 (f) are schematic views of a battery cell according to a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein fig. 5 (a) is a perspective view, fig. 5 (b) is a top view, fig. 5 (c) and 5 (d) are a schematic cross-sectional view and a partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the battery cell in the absence of an external force, and fig. 5 (e) and 5 (f) are a schematic cross-sectional view and a partially enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the battery cell in the presence of an external force. The elastic parts 5 and the sealing parts 6 are alternately disposed along one turn of the edge of the battery cell 101. Four right-angle-shaped strip-shaped elastic parts 5 are arranged at four corners of the battery unit 101, a linear-shaped strip-shaped sealing part 6 is arranged between the two elastic parts 5, and the elastic parts 5 are in sealing connection with the sealing part 6. The height of the elastic part 5 is higher than the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 in the normal operation state, and the height of the sealing part 6 is about equal to the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 in the normal operation state. The battery cell 101 is sprung and folded by the spring and compression of the elastic portion 5, and the battery cell 101 is sealed by the cooperation of the elastic portion 5 and the sealing portion 6. In order to secure the sealing effect of the battery cell 101, an additional diaphragm seal 6' may be provided outside the elastic part 5 and the seal 6. The sealing part 6 'includes an annular upper membrane 6a connected around the edge of the upper electrode plate and an annular lower membrane 6b connected around the edge of the lower electrode plate, and the outer edges of the upper membrane 6a and the lower membrane 6b are hermetically connected, so that a double seal against the battery cell 101 is formed by the membrane-type sealing part 6' and the elastic part 5 and the sealing part 6. As shown in fig. 5 (c) and 5 (D), when no external force is applied, the elastic parts 5 at four corners are sprung up to spread the two electrode plates 102 of the battery cell 101, and further, the positive electrode material layer 103 and the negative electrode material layer 104 provided on the two electrode plates are separated by a distance D, thereby cutting off the electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101. When the two electrode plates of the battery cell 101 are spread apart, the sealing portion 6' of the membrane type still ensures the sealing of the battery cell 101. As shown in fig. 5 (e) and 5 (f), under the application of an external force, the elastic parts 5 at four corners are compressed, and the battery cell 101 is in a position of a normal operation state, i.e., such that the positive electrode material layer 103 and the negative electrode material layer 104 are respectively adjacent to the separator 105, thereby ensuring a normal electrochemical reaction of the battery cell 101.
The embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention or modifications to equivalent embodiments using the methods and technical contents disclosed above, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A high voltage battery, the high voltage battery comprising: the bipolar battery stack comprises an isolation layer and electrode plates provided with electrode plates and electrode material layers, wherein the electrode plates comprise a plurality of bipolar electrode plates and unipolar electrode plates respectively arranged on two sides of the whole bipolar electrode plates, the isolation layer is arranged between the adjacent electrode plates, the electrode plates of the bipolar electrode plates are bipolar plates, the electrode material layers with different polarities are respectively arranged on two sides of the bipolar plates, the electrode plates of the unipolar electrode plates are unipolar plates, and the positive electrode material layers or the negative electrode material layers are arranged on one side of the unipolar electrode plates, the electrode plates are stacked in series according to the sequence of opposite placement of the electrode material layers with different polarities, and each battery unit consists of two electrode plates of the adjacent electrode plates, the electrode material layers with different polarities and the isolation layer; a housing within which the bipolar battery stack is disposed; a fluid pouch interposed between an inner wall of a top of the case and a top of the bipolar battery stack, the bipolar battery stack being pressurized by the fluid pouch to compress the bipolar battery stack; and the elastic part is arranged in at least one battery unit, at least part of the elastic part is higher than the distance between two electrode plates of the battery unit in a normal working state under the condition that the fluid bag does not press the bipolar battery stack, and the elastic force of the elastic part can spring the battery unit under the condition that the fluid bag does not press the bipolar battery stack so as to prevent the electrochemical reaction of the whole bipolar battery stack.
2. The high voltage battery of claim 1, further comprising a pressure sensor disposed on an inner wall of the top of the housing and adjacent to the fluid pouch, the pressure sensor being capable of detecting a pressure change of the fluid pouch, the fluid pouch venting fluid when the pressure change of the fluid pouch exceeds a predetermined value such that the fluid pouch no longer pressurizes the bipolar battery stack.
3. The high-voltage battery according to claim 1, wherein the material of the elastic portion is an elastic material, which is porous polyethylene, porous polypropylene, fluororubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, or silicone rubber.
4. The high-voltage battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the elastic portion is a ring-shaped structure extending along an edge of the battery cell and is disposed between two electrode plates of the battery cell.
5. The high-voltage battery according to claim 4, further comprising an annular sealing part located inside or outside the annular elastic part and disposed between the two electrode plates of the battery cell to seal the edge of the battery cell.
6. The high-voltage battery according to claim 5, wherein the sealing part has a ring-shaped structure, the height of the sealing part is equal to the height between two electrode plates of the battery cell, the bottom/top surface of the sealing part is fixedly connected to one of the two electrode plates and the top/bottom surface of the sealing part abuts against the other of the two electrode plates; or, the sealing part comprises an annular upper membrane and an annular lower membrane, the inner side edge of the upper membrane is in sealing connection with the edge of the electrode plate on the upper side of the battery unit, the inner side edge of the lower membrane is in sealing connection with the edge of the electrode plate on the lower side of the battery unit, and the outer side edges of the upper membrane and the lower membrane are in sealing connection.
7. The high-voltage battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the elastic portion is of a discontinuous structure and is provided between the two electrode plates of the battery cell, a height of the elastic portion is higher than a distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell in a normal operation state without the fluid pouch pressurizing the bipolar battery stack, and the high-voltage battery further comprises a sealing portion provided between the two electrode plates of the battery cell, the height of the sealing portion being equal to the distance between the two electrode plates of the battery cell in the normal operation state to seal an edge of the battery cell.
8. The high-voltage battery according to claim 7, wherein the sealing parts are disposed along the edges of the battery cells in a ring-shaped form, or the sealing parts are alternately disposed along the same circle with the elastic parts in a bar-shaped form and are sealed to each other.
9. A high voltage battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the fluid pouch contains a fire retarding fluid, a valve being provided on the fluid pouch to the interior of the housing, the fire retarding fluid in the fluid pouch entering the housing when the valve is open to prevent combustion explosion of the bipolar battery stack.
10. The high voltage battery of any of claims 1-3, wherein the fluid pouch comprises a first fluid pouch and a second fluid pouch, the first fluid pouch having a shape and location corresponding to the location of the edges of the battery cells, the first fluid pouch containing a fluid to pressurize the bipolar battery stack, the second fluid pouch being located inside the first fluid pouch, the second fluid pouch containing a fluid to flame-retardant, heat, or cool the bipolar battery stack.
11. A high voltage battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pressure of the fluid within the fluid pouch is 10 to 100kPa.
12. The high voltage battery of claim 11, wherein the pressure of the fluid within the fluid pouch is 60 to 80kPa.
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| CN202110093621.9A CN114824595B (en) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-01-22 | High-voltage battery |
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| CN202110093621.9A CN114824595B (en) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-01-22 | High-voltage battery |
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| AU2023360872A1 (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2025-03-06 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Battery module, and battery pack and energy storage system including the same |
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