CN114811556A - A kind of energy saving and environmental protection boiler and boiler combustion method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy-saving and environment-friendly boiler which comprises a boiler shell, wherein a controller is installed on the side wall of the boiler shell, an ash discharge cavity is arranged in the boiler shell and close to the bottom of the boiler shell, a combustion cavity is arranged above the ash discharge cavity, a grid plate fixed on the inner wall of the boiler shell is horizontally arranged between the combustion cavity and the ash discharge cavity, a fuel mixer fixed on the boiler shell is arranged above the grid plate, a combustor integrally formed with the fuel mixer is fixedly arranged at the tail end of the fuel mixer and communicated with the fuel mixer, a bearing ring fixed on the inner wall of the boiler shell is arranged above the combustor, a water boiler is placed on the bearing ring, and a flue gas treatment mechanism fixed on the boiler shell and extending out of the boiler shell is arranged between the water boiler and the combustor; the invention arranges the fuel mixer in the furnace shell, the coal powder and the air are fully mixed and then enter the burner to be ignited and combusted, so that the coal powder can be fully combusted, and in the combustion process, the flue gas is treated by the flue gas treatment mechanism and then is discharged into the air, thereby avoiding the pollution of the flue gas to the environment.

Description

A kind of energy saving and environmental protection boiler and boiler combustion method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection equipment, in particular to an energy-saving and environmental-friendly boiler and a boiler combustion method.

Background technique

Coal-fired boilers are heat exchange equipment widely used in life and production. It exchanges heat with water through high-temperature flue gas generated when coal is burned, in order to provide high-temperature steam or hot water. The current coal-fired boilers generally have shortcomings such as low coal utilization rate and strong emission of flue gas pollution, which accelerates the consumption of coal resources and the deterioration of the environment. The main reasons are: the coal is not fully burned in the furnace, and part of the energy is not converted into heat energy; the high-temperature flue gas travels upwards quickly, contacts the water layer, and the accumulation is small and the time is short, and the flue gas carries a large amount of waste heat and is discharged from the flue. Some energy-saving boilers appropriately increase the heat exchange area, such as water-tube boilers, but the coal combustion and flue gas retention time have not changed, so the energy-saving effect is not ideal, and it cannot solve the problem of high pollution of flue gas emissions. To this end, we propose an energy-saving and environmentally friendly boiler and a boiler combustion method.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an energy-saving and environment-friendly boiler and a boiler combustion method.

In order to realize the above-mentioned technical purpose and achieve the above-mentioned technical effect, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

An energy-saving and environment-friendly boiler includes a furnace shell with a controller installed on the side wall, an ash discharge cavity is arranged inside the furnace shell near the bottom, and a combustion cavity is arranged above the ash discharge cavity, and the combustion cavity is connected to the bottom of the furnace shell. A grid plate fixed on the inner wall of the furnace shell is horizontally arranged between the ash discharge chambers, a fuel mixer fixed on the furnace shell is arranged above the grid plate, and the end of the fuel mixer is fixed with an integral part of the grid plate. A shaped and connected burner, above the burner is a support ring fixed on the inner wall of the furnace shell, a water stove is placed on the support ring, and a water stove is arranged between the water stove and the burner. The flue gas treatment mechanism is fixed on the furnace shell and extends to the outside of the furnace shell. The upper part of the water furnace is provided with a ventilation plate fixed on the inner wall of the furnace shell, and the upper part of the ventilation plate is provided with a ventilation plate fixed on the furnace shell. And a steam discharge pipe with solenoid valve a extending to the outside of the furnace shell, one side of the steam discharge pipe is provided with a water inlet pipe with solenoid valve b fixed on the furnace shell and extending to the outside of the furnace shell.

Further, the furnace shell is provided with an ash discharge port at the ash discharge cavity, and the ash discharge port is provided with an ash discharge door whose one end is hinged and the other end is fixed by a lock, and the furnace shell is located on the fuel mixer. A feeding port is opened at the end of the feeding port, and the outlet of the feeding port is provided with a sealing door whose one end is hinged and the other end is fixed by a lock.

Further, the fuel mixer includes a "⊥" type casing fixed on the furnace shell and open at both ends, and the inside of the "⊥" type casing is provided with a mixing channel integrally formed therewith. There is a regulator inside, the top of the "⊥" type shell is located at one end of the regulator, and there is an air duct extending to the inside of the "⊥" type housing, and the end of the air duct extends to the outside of the furnace shell and the pressurized blower connected.

Further, the mixing channel includes a volume expansion channel that is fixed inside the "⊥" type shell and is close to the feed port, and the end of the volume expansion channel is connected with a volume reduction channel integrally formed therewith through the connecting channel. The end of the channel is provided with an extension channel integrally formed therewith.

Further, the regulator includes a plate body a fixed at the connection between the connection channel and the shrinkage channel, the plate body a is provided with a through hole a, and one side of the plate body a is provided with a plate body a fixed on the connection channel. Plate body b, a through hole b is formed on the plate body b, a movable sealing ball connected to the plate body b through a spring is arranged between the plate body a and the plate body b, and the top of the movable sealing ball is fixed A hard connecting rod is provided, the end of the hard connecting rod is fixedly provided with a soft joystick extending to the outside of the furnace shell, and the furnace shell is provided with an abdication groove matched with the soft joystick.

Further, the air duct includes a pipe body a and a pipe body b with a pressure gauge, and the pipe body a and the pipe body b are connected by a diffuser pipe integrally formed therewith.

Further, the top of the burner is provided with a number of fire outlet holes, and the bottom of the burner is provided with a number of ash outlet slots.

Further, the flue gas treatment mechanism includes a flue gas exhaust pipe with a filter screen fixed on the furnace shell, and the end of the flue gas exhaust pipe is provided with a desulfurization tank integrally formed with it and with a flue gas inlet pipe, so The desulfurization tank is provided with a desulfurization sponge, one side of the desulfurization sponge is provided with a desulfurization agent atomizer installed inside the desulfurization tank, and the top of the desulfurization agent atomizer is connected with it and extends to the furnace. Desulfurizer addition tube outside the shell.

Further, the solenoid valve a, the solenoid valve b and the pressurized blower are all electrically connected to the controller, and the inner wall of the water heater is provided with a water level sensor that is electrically connected to the controller.

The present invention also provides a combustion method for an energy-saving and environment-friendly boiler, comprising the following steps:

1) Open the sealing door, add pulverized coal into the fuel mixer from the feeding port, start the pressurized blower, make the pressure in the fuel mixer reach 1.1 atmospheres, and fully mix the pulverized coal and air in the fuel mixer At the same time, the regulator can prevent pulverized coal from entering the burner;

2) After the pulverized coal mixing is completed, turn off the pressurized blower and release the pressure in the fuel mixer, so that the pressure in the fuel mixer will reach 0.9 atmospheres. move up the way slot;

3) Start the pressurized blower again, blow the pulverized coal in the pulverized coal mixer into the burner for ignition and combustion, when the water in the water boiler boils, open the solenoid valve a to discharge the steam for heat utilization, during the combustion process The generated flue gas is treated by the flue gas treatment mechanism and discharged to reduce its pollution to the atmosphere.

In the present invention, a fuel mixer is arranged in the furnace shell. After the pulverized coal and the air are fully mixed, it enters the burner for ignition and combustion, so that the pulverized coal can be fully burned. During the combustion process, the flue gas is treated by the flue gas treatment mechanism. Exhaust into the air to avoid smoke pollution of the environment.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached image:

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of an angle of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the overall structure schematic diagram of another angle of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the front view of Fig. 3 of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the partial structure schematic diagram of Fig. 3 of the present invention;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel mixer, a burner and a flue gas treatment mechanism of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of another angle of Fig. 6 of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the internal structure schematic diagram of Fig. 6 of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the partial structure schematic diagram of Fig. 8 of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the furnace shell of the present invention.

Description of the labels in the figure: 1-furnace shell, 2-give way slot, 3-soft joystick, 4-desulfurization agent addition pipe, 5-controller, 6-smoke exhaust pipe, 7-solenoid valve a, 8-electromagnetic Valve b, 9-water inlet pipe, 10-steam discharge pipe, 11-pressure gauge, 12-pipe body b, 13-sealing door, 14-ash discharge door, 15-lock button, 16-ventilating plate, 17-support Ring, 18-water boiler, 19-diffuser pipe, 20-"⊥" type shell, 21-grid plate, 22-burner, 23-burning chamber, 24-ash discharge chamber, 25-water level sensor, 27- Desulfurization tank, 28-smoke inlet pipe, 29-pipe body a, 30-fire outlet, 31-ash outlet, 32-filter screen, 33-desulfurization sponge, 34-desulfurizer atomizer, 35-hard connecting rod , 36-expansion channel, 37-connection channel, 38-through hole b, 39-plate body b, 40-spring, 41-movable sealing ball, 42-extension channel, 43-contraction channel, 44-through hole a, 45-plate body a, 46-feed port, 47-ash discharge port.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 10 , the present embodiment provides an energy-saving and environment-friendly boiler, which includes a furnace shell 1 with a controller 5 installed on the side wall. The interior of the furnace shell 1 is provided with an ash discharge cavity 24 near the bottom thereof. A combustion chamber 23 is arranged above the ash discharge chamber 24, and a grid plate 21 fixed on the inner wall of the furnace shell 1 is horizontally arranged between the combustion chamber 23 and the ash discharge chamber 24. There is a fuel mixer fixed on the furnace shell 1, the end of the fuel mixer is fixedly provided with a burner 22 which is integrally formed and communicated with it, and the upper part of the burner 22 is fixed on the inner wall of the furnace shell 1. The supporting ring 17 is placed on the supporting ring 17, and a water furnace 18 is placed on the supporting ring 17. Between the water furnace 18 and the burner 22, there is a flue gas treatment fixed on the furnace shell 1 and extending to the outside of the furnace shell 1. A ventilation plate 16 fixed on the inner wall of the furnace shell 1 is arranged above the water furnace 18 , and an electromagnetic valve with electromagnetic power is arranged above the ventilation plate 16 and is fixed on the furnace shell 1 and extends to the outside of the furnace shell 1 . The steam discharge pipe 10 of the valve a7, one side of the steam discharge pipe 10 is provided with a water inlet pipe 9 with a solenoid valve b8 fixed on the furnace shell 1 and extending to the outside of the furnace shell 1.

A fuel mixer is arranged in the furnace shell 1. After the pulverized coal is fully mixed with the air, it enters the burner 22 for ignition and combustion, so that the pulverized coal can be fully burned. During the combustion process, the flue gas is treated by the flue gas treatment mechanism. The burner 22 burns pulverized coal to heat the water heater 18. After the water boils, the controller 5 opens the solenoid valve a7 to discharge the steam from the steam discharge pipe 10.

Preferably, the furnace shell 1 is provided with an ash discharge port 47 at the ash discharge cavity 24, and the ash discharge port 47 is provided with an ash discharge door 14 whose one end is hinged with the other end through a lock 15. A feed port 46 is opened on the shell 1 at the fuel mixer, and the feed port 46 is provided with a sealing door 13 whose one end is hinged with the other end and is fixed by a lock 15 .

The setting of the ash discharge port 47 is convenient for removing coal ash after the ash discharge door 14 is opened, and the setting of the feeding port 46 is convenient for adding pulverized coal into the fuel mixer after the sealing door 13 is opened.

Preferably, the fuel mixer includes a "⊥" type casing 20 fixed on the furnace shell 1 and open at both ends. The interior of the "⊥" type casing 20 is provided with a mixing channel integrally formed therewith. The inside of the mixing channel is provided with a regulator, the top of the "⊥" type housing 20 is located at one end of the regulator, and an air duct extending to the inside of the "⊥" type housing 20 is provided, and the end of the air duct extends to the furnace shell 1 The outside is connected to a pressurized blower.

The pressurized blower blows air into the inside of the "⊥" type casing 20, increasing the pressure inside the "⊥" type casing 20, so that the regulator blocks the passage between the mixing passage and the burner 22, in the "⊥" type casing Mix the pulverized coal and air thoroughly within 20.

Preferably, the mixing channel includes a volume expansion channel 36 fixed inside the “⊥” type shell 20 and close to the feed port 46 , and an end of the volume expansion channel 36 is connected with a volume reduction channel integrally formed therewith through a connecting channel 37 . 43, the end of the shrinkage channel 43 is provided with an extension channel 42 integrally formed therewith.

The mixing channel is composed of an expansion channel 36, a connection channel 37, a reduction channel 43 and an extension channel 42, which can form a pressure-changing channel during the process of mixing pulverized coal, and the mixing effect is good.

Preferably, the regulator includes a plate body a44 fixed at the connection between the connection channel 37 and the shrinkage channel 43 , the plate body a44 is provided with a through hole a45, and one side of the plate body a44 is fixed to the connection channel A through hole b38 is formed on the plate body b39, and a movable sealing ball 41 connected to the plate body b39 through a spring 40 is arranged between the plate body a44 and the plate body b39. The top of the ball 41 is fixed with a hard connecting rod 35, and the end of the hard connecting rod 35 is fixed with a soft joystick 3 extending outside the furnace shell 1, and the furnace shell 1 is provided with a soft lever 3. The joystick 3 is matched with the let-away slot 2.

In the process of mixing pulverized coal, since the pressure inside the "⊥" type casing 20 is higher than the pressure in the burner 22, the sealing ball 41 is moved to block the through hole a45 to form a closed space in the "⊥" type casing 20, thereby forming a closed space in the "⊥" type casing 20. The pulverized coal and the air are fully mixed. When the mixing is completed, the pressure inside the "⊥" type housing 20 is released, and the sealing ball 41 is moved under the action of the spring 40 and the soft joystick 3 is operated to move the sealing ball 41. Lift, start the pressurized blower to blow the pulverized coal into the burner 22 for combustion.

Preferably, the air duct includes a pipe body a29 and a pipe body b12 with a pressure gauge 11, and the pipe body a29 and the pipe body b12 are connected by a diffuser pipe 19 integrally formed therewith.

The arrangement of the diffuser pipe 19 can speed up the speed of the air entering the inside of the "⊥" type housing 20 .

Preferably, the top of the burner 22 is provided with a number of fire outlet holes 30 , and the bottom of the burner 22 is provided with a number of ash outlet slots 31 .

The arrangement of the fire outlet 30 is convenient for heating the water heater 18 , and the arrangement of the ash outlet slot 31 can discharge coal ash into the ash discharge cavity 24 .

Preferably, the flue gas treatment mechanism includes a smoke exhaust pipe 6 with a filter screen 32 fixed on the furnace shell 1, and the end of the smoke exhaust pipe 6 is provided with a smoke inlet pipe 28 integrally formed therewith. The desulfurization tank 27 is provided with a desulfurization sponge 33 inside, and one side of the desulfurization sponge 33 is provided with a desulfurization agent atomizer 34 installed inside the desulfurization tank 27. The desulfurization agent atomizer 34 The top of the furnace is provided with a desulfurizing agent adding pipe 4 which communicates with it and extends to the outside of the furnace shell 1 .

The flue gas enters the desulfurization tank 27 from the smoke inlet pipe 28, the desulfurizer enters the desulfurizer atomizer 34 from the desulfurizer addition pipe 4, and is atomized by the desulfurizer atomizer 34 and then discharged into the desulfurization sponge 33. The gas is mixed with the desulfurization sponge 33 to remove the sulfur-containing components in the flue gas. After desulfurization, the flue gas is filtered by the filter screen 32 to remove particulate matter and then discharged.

Preferably, the solenoid valve a7 , the solenoid valve b8 and the pressurized blower are all electrically connected to the controller 5 , and the inner wall of the water heater 18 is provided with a water level sensor 25 that is electrically connected to the controller 5 .

The controller controls the solenoid valve a7 and the solenoid valve b8 , and the water level sensor 25 is arranged to facilitate knowing the water level in the water boiler 18 .

The present invention also provides a combustion method for an energy-saving and environment-friendly boiler, comprising the following steps:

1) Open the sealing door 13, add pulverized coal into the fuel mixer from the feeding port 46, start the pressurized blower, make the pressure in the fuel mixer reach 1.1 atmospheres, and carry out the operation of the pulverized coal and air in the fuel mixer. Fully mixed while the regulator can prevent pulverized coal from entering the burner 22;

2) After the pulverized coal mixing is completed, turn off the pressurized blower and release the pressure in the fuel mixer, so that the pressure in the fuel mixer will reach 0.9 atmospheres. Move up along the way slot 2;

3) Start the pressurized blower again, blow the pulverized coal in the pulverized coal mixer into the burner 22 for ignition and combustion, and open the solenoid valve a7 after the water in the water boiler 18 boils to discharge the steam for heat utilization. The flue gas generated in the process is treated by the flue gas treatment mechanism and then discharged to reduce its pollution to the atmosphere.

The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What is described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description is only to illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Various changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims (10)

1. An energy-saving and environmentally friendly boiler, comprising a furnace shell with a controller installed on a side wall, characterized in that: the interior of the furnace shell is provided with an ash discharge cavity near its bottom, and a combustion chamber is provided above the ash discharge cavity , a grid plate fixed on the inner wall of the furnace shell is horizontally arranged between the combustion chamber and the ash discharge chamber, and a fuel mixer fixed on the furnace shell is arranged above the grid plate. The end is fixedly provided with a burner which is integrally formed and communicated with it, a support ring fixed on the inner wall of the furnace shell is arranged above the burner, a water furnace is placed on the support ring, and the water furnace is connected with A flue gas treatment mechanism fixed on the furnace shell and extending to the outside of the furnace shell is arranged between the burners, a ventilation plate fixed on the inner wall of the furnace shell is arranged above the water boiler, and a ventilation plate is arranged above the ventilation plate A steam discharge pipe with a solenoid valve a fixed on the furnace shell and extending to the outside of the furnace shell, one side of the steam discharge pipe is provided with a solenoid valve fixed on the furnace shell and extending to the outside of the furnace shell b's water inlet pipe. 2. An energy-saving and environmentally friendly boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: an ash discharge port is provided on the furnace shell at the ash discharge cavity, and one end of the ash discharge port is hinged to the other end through a lock The ash discharge door is fastened with a buckle. The furnace shell is provided with a feeding port at the fuel mixer, and an outlet of the feeding port is provided with a sealing door with one end hinged with the other end and fixed by a lock. 3. An energy-saving and environmentally friendly boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fuel mixer comprises a "⊥" type casing fixed on the furnace shell and open at both ends, and the "⊥" type casing There is a mixing channel integrally formed with it inside the mixing channel, a regulator is arranged inside the mixing channel, and the top of the "⊥" type shell is located at one end of the regulator with an air duct extending to the inside of the "⊥" type housing, The end of the air duct extends to the outside of the furnace shell and is connected to the pressurized blower. 4. An energy-saving and environmentally friendly boiler according to claim 3, characterized in that: the mixing channel comprises a capacity expansion channel fixed inside the "⊥" type shell and close to the feed inlet, and the end of the capacity expansion channel passes through The connecting channel is connected with a shrinkage channel integrally formed therewith, and the end of the shrinkage channel is provided with an extension channel integrally formed therewith. 5 . The energy-saving and environment-friendly boiler according to claim 4 , wherein the regulator comprises a plate body a fixed at the connection between the connecting channel and the shrinkage channel, and the plate body a is provided with a through hole. 6 . a. One side of the plate body a is provided with a plate body b fixed on the connecting channel, the plate body b is provided with a through hole b, and a spring and the plate body are arranged between the plate body a and the plate body b. b connected moving sealing balls, the top of the moving sealing ball is fixed with a hard connecting rod, and the end of the hard connecting rod is fixed with a soft joystick extending to the outside of the furnace shell. There is an abdication slot matched with the soft joystick. 6. An energy-saving and environmentally friendly boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that: the air guide pipe comprises a pipe body a and a pipe body b with a pressure gauge, and the pipe body a and the pipe body b pass through the pipe body a and the pipe body b. The integrally formed diffuser is connected. 7 . The energy-saving and environment-friendly boiler according to claim 1 , wherein the burner is provided with a number of fire outlet holes at the top, and the burner is provided with a number of ash outlets at the bottom. 8 . 8 . The energy-saving and environment-friendly boiler according to claim 1 , wherein the flue gas treatment mechanism comprises a flue gas exhaust pipe with a filter screen fixed on the furnace shell, and an end of the flue gas exhaust pipe is provided with a filter. There is a desulfurization tank integrally formed with it and with a flue gas inlet pipe. The desulfurization tank is provided with a desulfurization sponge, and one side of the desulfurization sponge is provided with a desulfurization agent atomizer installed inside the desulfurization tank. The top of the agent atomizer is provided with a desulfurizing agent adding pipe which is communicated with it and extends to the outside of the furnace shell. 9. An energy-saving and environment-friendly boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solenoid valve a, the solenoid valve b and the pressurized blower are all electrically connected to the controller, and the inner wall of the water boiler is provided with a controller connected to the controller. Electrically connected water level sensor. 10. A combustion method for an energy-saving and environment-friendly boiler according to claim 1-9, characterized in that, comprising the steps: 1) Open the sealing door, add pulverized coal into the fuel mixer from the feeding port, start the pressurized blower, make the pressure in the fuel mixer reach 1.1 atmospheres, and fully mix the pulverized coal and air in the fuel mixer At the same time, the regulator can prevent pulverized coal from entering the burner; 2) After the pulverized coal mixing is completed, turn off the pressurized blower and release the pressure in the fuel mixer, so that the pressure in the fuel mixer will reach 0.9 atmospheres. move up the way slot; 3) Start the pressurized blower again, blow the pulverized coal in the pulverized coal mixer into the burner for ignition and combustion, when the water in the water boiler boils, open the solenoid valve a to discharge the steam for heat utilization, during the combustion process The generated flue gas is treated by the flue gas treatment mechanism and discharged to reduce its pollution to the atmosphere.

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