CN114806644A - Pyrolysis gasifier - Google Patents
Pyrolysis gasifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN114806644A CN114806644A CN202210606238.3A CN202210606238A CN114806644A CN 114806644 A CN114806644 A CN 114806644A CN 202210606238 A CN202210606238 A CN 202210606238A CN 114806644 A CN114806644 A CN 114806644A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
- C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pyrolysis gasifier, wherein a furnace body is provided with a hollow cavity, the upper-section cavity of the furnace body is a pyrolysis section, and the lower-section cavity of the furnace body is a gasification section; a plurality of layers of air distribution devices are arranged in the pyrolysis section; the pyrolysis section is provided with a feed inlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet, and the gasification section is provided with a gasification agent inlet. The effect is as follows: high-temperature gasified gas generated by the bottom gasification section passes through the gas channel hole on each layer of air distribution device to fluidize the carbonaceous material layer on each layer of air distribution device and provide a heat source and a reactant for the pyrolysis gasification process of the carbonaceous material; the fluidized material layer containing the carbon substances moves to a next layer of air distribution device through a material guide device and finally moves to a gasification section; the material sealing function of the material guide device ensures that gasified gas cannot reversely flow to the upper layer of the air distribution device from the material guide device; no rotating part is arranged in a high-temperature area of the furnace body, so that the long-term stable operation of the device is realized; the byproduct tar is more, the carbon substances are utilized according to the quality, and the economic benefit maximization is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pyrolysis gasification, in particular to a pyrolysis gasifier.
Background
Gasification furnaces in the prior art mainly comprise an entrained-flow bed gasification furnace, a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace and a fixed bed gasification furnace. Entrained flow gasifiers have the disadvantages of high investment and high oxygen consumption; the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace has the defects that the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is not suitable for carbon substances with low ash melting point and high residual carbon in ash; the fixed bed gasification furnace has high methane content in the synthesis gas, is an ideal gasification furnace applied to the fuel gas preparation technology, but the carbon substance particle size of the gasification furnace is required to be 6-50 mm, the stirring device has frequent failure, and the byproduct tar amount is less.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the present invention provides a pyrolysis gasifier to solve the above problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the invention, a pyrolysis gasifier comprises a furnace body, an air distribution device, a feeding hole, a pyrolysis gas outlet, a gasifying agent inlet, a pyrolysis section and a gasification section;
the furnace body is provided with a hollow cavity, the upper section cavity of the furnace body is the pyrolysis section, and the lower section cavity of the furnace body is the gasification section;
a plurality of layers of air distribution devices are arranged in the pyrolysis section;
the pyrolysis section is provided with the feed inlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet, and the gasification section is provided with the gasification agent inlet.
Furthermore, the wind distribution device also comprises a material guide device, and the adjacent wind distribution devices are connected through the material guide device.
Furthermore, the first ends of the odd number of air distribution devices are connected with the first ends of the even number of air distribution devices through the material guide device, and the second ends of the even number of air distribution devices are connected with the second ends of the odd number of air distribution devices through the material guide device.
Furthermore, the outer peripheral sides of the odd number of air distribution devices are connected with the outer peripheral sides of the even number of air distribution devices through the material guide devices, and the central parts of the even number of air distribution devices are connected with the central parts of the odd number of air distribution devices through the material guide devices.
Further, the upper surface of the air distribution device is a horizontal plane, an inclined plane or a conical surface.
Further, the wind distribution device also comprises a gas passage hole, and the wind distribution device is provided with the gas passage hole.
Further, the gas channel holes are uniformly distributed on the air distribution device.
The air distribution device comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body is provided with an air distribution device, and the air distribution device is arranged on the furnace body.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a material guide air inlet, and the material guide device is provided with the material guide air inlet.
Further, the material guide device further comprises a mechanical transmission device, the material guide device is further provided with the mechanical transmission device, and the mechanical transmission device is a spiral conveying mechanism.
Further, still include the gasification gas export, the gasification section is equipped with the gasification gas export.
Further, the furnace body is of a water jacket structure or a membrane type water-cooled wall.
Further, the furnace body is lined with refractory materials.
Further, the air distribution device is made of high-temperature-resistant cast iron or high-alloy steel.
Further, the material guide device is made of high-temperature-resistant cast iron or high-alloy steel.
Further, still include the grate, the bottom of gasification section is provided with the grate.
Further, one pyrolysis section is provided with a plurality of gasification sections; or, a plurality of said pyrolysis sections are provided with one said gasification section; and a slag outlet is formed at the lower end of the gasification section.
The invention has the following advantages: the pyrolysis gasifier is used for gasifying carbon-containing substances such as coal, furfural residues, straws, plastic wastes and the like; high-temperature gasified gas generated by the bottom gasification section passes through the gas channel hole on each layer of air distribution device to fluidize the carbonaceous material layer on each layer of air distribution device and provide a heat source and a reactant for the pyrolysis gasification process of the carbonaceous material; the fluidized material layer containing the carbon substances moves to a next layer of air distribution device through the material guide device and finally moves to a gasification section; the material sealing function of the material guide device ensures that gasified gas cannot reversely flow to the upper layer of the air distribution device from the material guide device; no rotating part is arranged in the high-temperature area of the furnace body, so that the long-term stable operation of the device is realized; the byproduct tar is more, the carbon substances are utilized according to the quality, and the economic benefit maximization is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used for limiting the conditions of the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical essence, and any structural modifications, changes of the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, should fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the functions and the achievable purposes of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a first embodiment of a pyrolysis gasifier according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of a second embodiment of a pyrolysis gasifier according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of a pyrolysis gasifier according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a fourth embodiment of a pyrolysis gasifier according to some embodiments of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the gasification furnace comprises a furnace body, 2, an air distribution device, 3, a material guide device, 4, a material guide air inlet, 5, a feeding hole, 6, a pyrolysis gas outlet, 7, a gasification gas outlet, 8, a gasification agent inlet, 9, a slag outlet, 10, a furnace grate, 11, a pyrolysis section, 12, a gasification section, 13 and an air supplementing port.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the pyrolysis gasifier in the first embodiment of the present invention includes a furnace body 1, an air distribution device 2, a feed inlet 5, a pyrolysis gas outlet 6, a gasifying agent inlet 8, a pyrolysis section 11, and a gasification section 12; the furnace body 1 is provided with a hollow cavity, the upper section cavity of the furnace body 1 is a pyrolysis section 11, and the lower section cavity of the furnace body 1 is a gasification section 12; a plurality of layers of air distribution devices 2 are arranged in the pyrolysis section 11; the pyrolysis section 11 is provided with a feed inlet 5 and a pyrolysis gas outlet 6, and the gasification section 12 is provided with a gasification agent inlet 8.
The technical effects achieved by the above embodiment are as follows: the device is used for gasifying carbon-containing substances such as coal, furfural residues, straws, plastic wastes and the like; high-temperature gasified gas generated by the bottom gasification section passes through the gas channel hole on each layer of air distribution device to fluidize the carbonaceous material layer on each layer of air distribution device and provide a heat source and a reactant for the pyrolysis gasification process of the carbonaceous material; the fluidized material layer containing the carbon substances moves to a next layer of air distribution device through a material guide device and finally moves to a gasification section; the material sealing function of the material guide device ensures that gasified gas cannot reversely flow to the upper layer of the air distribution device from the material guide device; no rotating part is arranged in the high-temperature area of the furnace body, so that the long-term stable operation of the device is realized; the byproduct tar is more, the carbon substances are utilized according to the quality, and the economic benefit maximization is realized.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, a material guiding device 3 is further included, and adjacent air distribution devices 2 are connected through the material guiding device 3.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, first ends of the odd number of wind distribution devices 2 are connected to first ends of the even number of wind distribution devices 2 through the material guiding device 3, and second ends of the even number of wind distribution devices 2 are connected to second ends of the odd number of wind distribution devices 2 through the material guiding device 3.
In the above alternative embodiment, it should be noted that, for example, after the wind distribution device 2 on the first floor is connected to the material guide device 3 on the outermost side in a certain direction, the wind distribution device 2 on the second floor is connected to the wind distribution device 2; the wind distribution device 2 on the second layer is connected with the wind distribution device 2 on the third layer after the outermost side on the opposite side of the direction is connected with the second material guide device 3; the two connecting structures are arranged at intervals in a staggered mode.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, the outer peripheral sides of the odd number of wind distribution devices 2 are connected to the outer peripheral sides of the even number of wind distribution devices 2 through the material guiding device 3, and the central portions of the even number of wind distribution devices 2 are connected to the central portions of the odd number of wind distribution devices 2 through the material guiding device 3.
In the above alternative embodiment, it should be noted that, for example, the wind distribution device 2 on the first floor is connected to the wind distribution device 2 on the second floor after the outermost side is connected to the material guide device 3; the air distribution device 2 on the second layer is connected with the air distribution device 2 on the third layer after the innermost side is connected with the second material guide device 3; the two connecting structures are arranged at intervals in a staggered mode.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, the upper surface of the wind distribution device 2 is a horizontal surface, an inclined surface, or a conical surface.
In the above alternative embodiment, it should be noted that, when the upper surface of the wind distribution device 2 is an inclined surface or a conical surface, the side of the wind distribution device 2 connected to the wind distribution device 2 on the upper layer is higher than the side of the wind distribution device 2 connected to the wind distribution device 2 on the lower layer.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, a gas passage hole is further included, and the wind distribution device 2 is provided with the gas passage hole.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, the gas passage holes are uniformly arranged on the wind distribution device 2.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, the furnace body further includes an air supplement port 13, and the air supplement port 13 is disposed on the furnace body 1 located at the lower portion of each layer of the air distribution device 2; the gas of the air replenishing port 13 at the lower part of each layer of the air distribution device 2 replenishes enough gas for the fluidization of the material layer.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, the wind guiding device further includes a wind guiding inlet 4, and the wind guiding device 3 is provided with the wind guiding inlet 4.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, a mechanical transmission device is further included, and the material guiding device 3 is further provided with a mechanical transmission device, where the mechanical transmission device is a spiral conveying mechanism.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, the gasification device further includes a gasification gas outlet 7, and the gasification section 12 is provided with the gasification gas outlet 7.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, the furnace body 1 is a water jacket structure or a membrane water wall; the effect is as follows: the furnace body is of a water jacket structure or a membrane type water-cooled wall, so that the risk of bulge explosion caused by local overtemperature of the furnace body due to furnace condition fluctuation can be avoided. So that the by-product saturated steam of the intrinsically safe water jacket structure or the membrane water wall of the furnace body can be used as a gasification agent for consumption of a gasification section or drive a generator and the like.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, the furnace body 1 is lined with refractory material, and the effects are as follows: the refractory material in the furnace body prevents the heat from being taken away by the steam generated by a water jacket structure or a membrane water-cooled wall so as to maintain the reaction temperature of the gasification section.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, the air distribution device 2 is made of high temperature-resistant cast iron or high alloy steel.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, the material guiding device 3 is made of high-temperature-resistant cast iron or high-alloy steel.
The effect is as follows: the reaction temperature is determined according to the properties of the materials, and when the working temperature is not more than 1000 ℃, the materials of the air distribution device 2 and the material guide device 3 can be selected from high-temperature resistant cast iron or high alloy steel.
Optionally, as shown in FIG. 2, in some embodiments, a grate 10 is further included, and the bottom of the gasification stage 12 is provided with the grate 10.
The beneficial effects of the above alternative embodiment are: the gasification agent is uniformly distributed, and simultaneously, the solid-state slag discharge is realized.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in some embodiments, the gasification agent is injected into the bottom of the gasification section 12 in a directional and concentrated manner to achieve slagging.
The effect that above-mentioned embodiment reached is, according to the characteristic of material, selects suitable row's sediment mode.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, one pyrolysis section 11 is configured with multiple gasification sections 12; alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, a plurality of pyrolysis sections 11 are provided with one gasification section 12; the lower end of the gasification section 12 is provided with a slag outlet 9.
The beneficial effects of the above alternative embodiment are: the device is large in size, and the comprehensive production cost is reduced; the high-temperature heat energy of the gasified gas in the gasification section is utilized to pyrolyze different materials, and the device is suitable for disposing special materials in cooperation.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
In the present specification, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and the like are used for clarity of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or modifications in the relative relationship therebetween may be regarded as the scope of the present invention without substantial changes in the technical contents.
Claims (10)
1. A pyrolysis gasifier is characterized by comprising a furnace body (1), an air distribution device (2), a feeding hole (5), a pyrolysis gas outlet (6), a gasifying agent inlet (8), a pyrolysis section (11) and a gasification section (12);
the furnace body (1) is provided with a hollow cavity, the upper section cavity of the furnace body (1) is the pyrolysis section (11), and the lower section cavity of the furnace body (1) is the gasification section (12);
a plurality of layers of air distribution devices (2) are arranged in the pyrolysis section (11);
the pyrolysis section (11) is provided with the feeding hole (5) and the pyrolysis gas outlet (6), and the gasification section (12) is provided with the gasification agent inlet (8).
2. A pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, further comprising a material guiding device (3), wherein adjacent air distribution devices (2) are connected through the material guiding device (3).
3. A pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that first ends of odd number of said air distribution devices (2) are connected to first ends of even number of said air distribution devices (2) through said material guiding device (3), and second ends of even number of said air distribution devices (2) are connected to second ends of odd number of said air distribution devices (2) through said material guiding device (3).
4. A pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that the peripheral sides of the odd number of said air distribution devices (2) are connected to the peripheral sides of the even number of said air distribution devices (2) through said material guiding device (3), and the central portions of the even number of said air distribution devices (2) are connected to the central portions of the odd number of said air distribution devices (2) through said material guiding device (3).
5. A pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the upper surface of the air distribution device (2) is a horizontal, inclined or conical surface.
6. A pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 5, further comprising gas passage holes, wherein the air distribution device (2) is provided with the gas passage holes.
7. A pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 6, characterized in that the gas passage holes are evenly arranged on the air distribution device (2).
8. A pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, further comprising an air supply port (13), wherein the air supply port (13) is arranged on the furnace body (1) at the lower part of each layer of the air distribution device (2).
9. A pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 2, further comprising a guide air inlet (4), wherein the guide means (3) is provided with the guide air inlet (4).
10. A pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, further comprising a mechanical transmission device, wherein the material guiding device (3) is further provided with the mechanical transmission device, and the mechanical transmission device is a screw conveying mechanism.
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